1
|
Kim B, Kwon H, Kim J, Kwon M, Lee J, Kim S, Nam J. The traditional medicine bojungikki-tang increases intestinal motility. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_507_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
2
|
Lee JH, Wu WH, Huang XY, Jun JY, Choi S. Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 4 and 5 Channel Antagonist ML204 Depolarized Pacemaker Potentials of Interstitial Cells of Cajal. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 26:521-528. [PMID: 32321198 PMCID: PMC7547197 DOI: 10.5056/jnm20064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims To investigate an effect of ML204 (an inhibitor of transient receptor potential canonical 4 and 5 [TRPC4/5] channels) on interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and therefore determine whether TRPC4/5 channels act on ICC-generated pacemaker activity. Methods We enforced whole cell patch clamp analysis, measurements of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to determine the effect of ML204 (10 μM) or englerin A (a selective activator of TRPC4/5 channeles, 10 μM) and the existence of TRPC4/5 in mouse small intestinal ICC. Results Treatment of ICCs with ML204 or englerin A caused the membrane potentials to depolarize. This depolarization effect of membrane potentials by ML204 in ICCs was observed to be concentration-dependent. After treating Ca2+- and Na+-free solutions or flufenamic acid (a non-selective cation channel blocker), the pacemaker potentials in the ICCs were abolished. A specific anoctamin 1 channel blocker did not have any effect on the pacemaker activity in ML204-untreated control cells; however, they blocked ML204-induced pacemaker activity in ICCs. Specific primers designed against TRPC4 and TRPC5 detected the presence of TRPC4/5 in small intestinal ICCs, and the application of ML204 increased raise the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations in ICCs, as assessed using Fluo-4 AM. Conclusion The results implied that ML204 could not inhibit the pacemaker activity but depolarized the membrane potential of ICCs by regulating intracellular Ca2+ oscillations and anoctamin 1 channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Wen-Hao Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Xing-You Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Yeoul Jun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seok Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu JYH, Du P, Rudd JA. Acetylcholine exerts inhibitory and excitatory actions on mouse ileal pacemaker activity: role of muscarinic versus nicotinic receptors. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G97-G107. [PMID: 32475128 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00003.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on pacemaking and spontaneous contractions in the gastrointestinal tract is not well characterized. The current study aims to profile the effect of several muscarinic and nicotinic receptor agonists and antagonists on pacemaker potentials in the ICR mouse ileum. Pacemaker potentials of whole thickness mouse ileal segments were recorded extracellularly using a 60-channel microelectrode array (MEA) platform. A spatiotemporal analysis integrated the frequency, amplitude, and velocity measurements of pacemaker currents. Comparative data were obtained by recording spontaneous smooth muscle tone in a conventional organ bath. On the MEA, ACh (0.3-300 μM) and bethanechol (0.3-300 μM) significantly reduced ileal pacemaker potentials. The inhibitory effect of ACh was mimicked by donepezil (300 μM) but not nicotine (0.3-7 mM). Atropine (300 μM), but not hexamethonium (300 μM), reversed the inhibitory actions of ACh and bethanechol and revealed excitatory properties manifested as increases in pacemaker frequency. A spatial analysis also revealed that atropine, but not hexamethonium, reversed the ACh-induced distortion of pacemaker propagation activity. Atropine (0.001-3 mM) and hexamethonium (0.3-7 mM) alone were inactive. In the organ bath, ACh (300 nM) and bethanechol (30 μM) induced ileal tonic contractions, while inhibiting basal spontaneous contractions at 300 μM. Atropine (1 μM), but not hexamethonium (1-300 μM), reversed both the tonic contractions and the inhibition of the spontaneous contractions of ACh and bethanechol and revealed an excitatory effect manifested as an increasing in the frequency of contractions. Muscarinic, but not nicotinic, receptors appear to mediate the inhibitory actions of ACh on mouse ileal pacemaker potentials.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The study discovered an acute action of acetylcholine on pacemaker potentials that is mediated by muscarinic receptors on the mouse ileum. Bethanechol, but not nicotine, mimicked the inhibitory actions of acetylcholine on pacemaker potentials. Atropine, but not hexamethonium, reversed the inhibitory actions of acetylcholine. When introduced after acetylcholine, atropine exhibited excitatory actions that increased the pacemaker frequency. Acetylcholine and bethanechol distorted the propagation activity and pattern, and this was also reversed by atropine. These actions of acetylcholine on pacemaker potentials may contribute to pathophysiology in bowel diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Yuen Hang Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Du
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Anthony Rudd
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim JN, Kim BJ. Depolarization of pacemaker potentials by caffeic acid phenethyl ester in interstitial cells of Cajal from the murine small intestine. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 98:201-210. [PMID: 31689119 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are pacemaker cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and generate pacemaker potentials. In this study, we investigated the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on the pacemaker potentials of ICCs from the mouse small or large intestine. Using the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration, we found that CAPE depolarized the pacemaker potentials of cultured ICCs from the murine small intestine in a dose-dependent manner. The estrogen receptor (ER) β antagonist PHTPP completely inhibited CAPE-induced depolarization, but the ERα antagonist BHPI did not. Intracellular GDP-β-S and pretreatment with Ca2+-free solution or thapsigargin also blocked CAPE-induced depolarization. To investigate the mechanisms of CAPE-mediated depolarization of ICCs, we used the nonselective cation channel (NSCC) inhibitor flufenamic acid, the Cl- channel blocker, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors PD98059, SB203580, or SP600125, and PI3 kinase inhibitor LY294002. All inhibitors blocked the CAPE-induced pacemaker potential depolarization of ICCs. These results suggest that CAPE induces pacemaker potential depolarization through ERβ in a G protein, NSCC, Cl- channel, MAPK- and PI3 kinase dependent manner via intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ regulation in the murine small intestine. CAPE may therefore modulate GI motility by acting on ICCs in the murine small intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Nam Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.,Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.,Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schneider S, Wright CM, Heuckeroth RO. Unexpected Roles for the Second Brain: Enteric Nervous System as Master Regulator of Bowel Function. Annu Rev Physiol 2019; 81:235-259. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021317-121515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
At the most fundamental level, the bowel facilitates absorption of small molecules, regulates fluid and electrolyte flux, and eliminates waste. To successfully coordinate this complex array of functions, the bowel relies on the enteric nervous system (ENS), an intricate network of more than 500 million neurons and supporting glia that are organized into distinct layers or plexi within the bowel wall. Neuron and glial diversity, as well as neurotransmitter and receptor expression in the ENS, resembles that of the central nervous system. The most carefully studied ENS functions include control of bowel motility, epithelial secretion, and blood flow, but the ENS also interacts with enteroendocrine cells, influences epithelial proliferation and repair, modulates the intestinal immune system, and mediates extrinsic nerve input. Here, we review the many different cell types that communicate with the ENS, integrating data about ENS function into a broader view of human health and disease. In particular, we focus on exciting new literature highlighting relationships between the ENS and its lesser-known interacting partners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schneider
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Christina M. Wright
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Robert O. Heuckeroth
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lv JL, Chen NY, Pan SL. Overexpression of Stromal Interaction Molecule 1/Store-operated Calcium Entry-associated Regulatory Factor in Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Mouse Jejunum Impairs Pacemaker Activity. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 24:678-680. [PMID: 30347942 PMCID: PMC6175549 DOI: 10.5056/jnm18066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Lin Lv
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ning-Yuan Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shang-Ling Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Baker SA, Drumm BT, Cobine CA, Keef KD, Sanders KM. Inhibitory Neural Regulation of the Ca 2+ Transients in Intramuscular Interstitial Cells of Cajal in the Small Intestine. Front Physiol 2018; 9:328. [PMID: 29686622 PMCID: PMC5900014 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal motility is coordinated by enteric neurons. Both inhibitory and excitatory motor neurons innervate the syncytium consisting of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and PDGFRα+ cells (SIP syncytium). Confocal imaging of mouse small intestines from animals expressing GCaMP3 in ICC were used to investigate inhibitory neural regulation of ICC in the deep muscular plexus (ICC-DMP). We hypothesized that Ca2+ signaling in ICC-DMP can be modulated by inhibitory enteric neural input. ICC-DMP lie in close proximity to the varicosities of motor neurons and generate ongoing Ca2+ transients that underlie activation of Ca2+-dependent Cl- channels and regulate the excitability of SMCs in the SIP syncytium. Electrical field stimulation (EFS) caused inhibition of Ca2+ for the first 2-3 s of stimulation, and then Ca2+ transients escaped from inhibition. The NO donor (DEA-NONOate) inhibited Ca2+ transients and Nω-Nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) or a guanylate cyclase inhibitor (ODQ) blocked inhibition induced by EFS. Purinergic neurotransmission did not affect Ca2+ transients in ICC-DMP. Purinergic neurotransmission elicits hyperpolarization of the SIP syncytium by activation of K+ channels in PDGFRα+ cells. Generalized hyperpolarization of SIP cells by pinacidil (KATP agonist) or MRS2365 (P2Y1 agonist) also had no effect on Ca2+ transients in ICC-DMP. Peptidergic transmitter receptors (VIP and PACAP) are expressed in ICC and can modulate ICC-DMP Ca2+ transients. In summary Ca2+ transients in ICC-DMP are blocked by enteric inhibitory neurotransmission. ICC-DMP lack a voltage-dependent mechanism for regulating Ca2+ release, and this protects Ca2+ handling in ICC-DMP from membrane potential changes in other SIP cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kenton M. Sanders
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Park IK, Kim JH, Park CG, Kim MY, Parajuli SP, Hong CS, Choi S, Jun JY. Effects of ATP on Pacemaker Activity of Interstitial Cells of Cajal from the Mouse Small Intestine. Chonnam Med J 2018; 54:63-71. [PMID: 29399568 PMCID: PMC5794481 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2018.54.1.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors play an important role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are pacemaker cells that regulate GI smooth muscle activity. We studied the functional roles of external adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) on pacemaker activity in cultured ICCs from mouse small intestines by using the whole-cell patch clamp technique and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) imaging. External ATP dose-dependently depolarized the resting membrane and produced tonic inward pacemaker currents, and these effects were antagonized by suramin, a purinergic P2 receptor antagonist. ATP-induced effects on pacemaker currents were suppressed by an external Na+-free solution and inhibited by the nonselective cation channel blockers, flufenamic acid and niflumic acid. The removal of external Ca2+ or treatment with thapsigargin (inhibitor of Ca2+ uptake into endoplasmic reticulum) inhibited the ATP-induced effects on pacemaker currents. Spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations were enhanced by external ATP. These results suggest that external ATP modulates pacemaker activity by activating nonselective cation channels via external Ca2+ influx and [Ca2+]i release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, it seems that activating the purinergic P2 receptor may modulate GI motility by acting on ICCs in the small intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Il Koo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chan Guk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Man Yoo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | | | - Chan Sik Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seok Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Yeoul Jun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Park CG, Wu MJ, Hong C, Jo JY, Jiao HY, Park H, Jun JY, Choi S. Regulation of Intracellular Calcium by Endoplasmic Reticulum Proteins in Small Intestinal Interstitial Cells of Cajal. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 24:128-137. [PMID: 28774158 PMCID: PMC5753911 DOI: 10.5056/jnm16212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims We investigated the role of representative endoplasmic reticulum proteins, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), and store-operated calcium entry-associated regulatory factor (SARAF) in pacemaker activity in cultured interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) isolated from mouse small intestine. Methods The whole-cell patch clamp technique applied for intracellular calcium ions ([Ca2+]i) analysis with STIM1 or SARAF overexpressed cultured ICCs from mouse small intestine. Results In the current-clamping mode, cultured ICCs displayed spontaneous pacemaker potentials. External carbachol exposure produced tonic membrane depolarization in the current-clamp mode, which recovered within a few seconds into normal pacemaker potentials. In STIM1-overexpressing cultured ICCs pacemaker potential frequency was increased, and in SARAF-overexpressing ICCs pacemaker potential frequency was strongly inhibited. The application of gadolinium (a non-selective cation channel inhibitor) or a Ca2+-free solution to understand Orai channel involvement abolished the generation of pacemaker potentials. When recording intracellular Ca2+ concentration with Fluo 3-AM, STIM1-overexpressing ICCs showed an increased number of spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. However, SARAF-overexpressing ICCs showed fewer spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. Conclusion Endoplasmic reticulum proteins modulated the frequency of pacemaker activity in ICCs, and levels of STIM1 and SARAF may determine slow wave patterns in the gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Guk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mei Jin Wu
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chansik Hong
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Han Yi Jiao
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Yeoul Jun
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seok Choi
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vieira C, Ferreirinha F, Magalhães-Cardoso MT, Silva I, Marques P, Correia-de-Sá P. Post-inflammatory Ileitis Induces Non-neuronal Purinergic Signaling Adjustments of Cholinergic Neurotransmission in the Myenteric Plexus. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:811. [PMID: 29167643 PMCID: PMC5682326 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling between ATP overflow and extracellular adenosine formation changes purinergic signaling in post-inflammatory ileitis. Adenosine neuromodulation deficits were ascribed to feed-forward inhibition of ecto-5′-nucleotidase/CD73 by high extracellular adenine nucleotides in the inflamed ileum. Here, we hypothesized that inflammation-induced changes in cellular density may also account to unbalance the release of purines and their influence on [3H]acetylcholine release from longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparations of the ileum of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-treated rats. The population of S100β-positive glial cells increase, whereas Ano-1-positive interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) diminished, in the ileum 7-days after the inflammatory insult. In the absence of changes in the density of VAChT-positive cholinergic nerves detected by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, the inflamed myenteric plexus released smaller amounts of [3H]acetylcholine which also became less sensitive to neuronal blockade by tetrodotoxin (1 μM). Instead, [3H]acetylcholine release was attenuated by sodium fluoroacetate (5 mM), carbenoxolone (10 μM) and A438079 (3 μM), which prevent activation of glial cells, pannexin-1 hemichannels and P2X7 receptors, respectively. Sodium fluoroacetate also decreased ATP overflow without significantly affecting the extracellular adenosine levels, thus indicating that surplus ATP release parallels reactive gliosis in post-inflammatory ileitis. Conversely, loss of ICCs may explain the lower amounts of adenosine detected in TNBS-treated preparations, since blockade of Cav3 (T-type) channels existing in ICCs with mibefradil (3 μM) or inhibition of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 with dipyridamole (0.5 μM), both decreased extracellular adenosine. Data indicate that post-inflammatory ileitis operates a shift on purinergic neuromodulation reflecting the upregulation of ATP-releasing enteric glial cells and the depletion of ICCs accounting for decreased adenosine overflow via equilibrative nucleoside transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Vieira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Ferreirinha
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria T Magalhães-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Marques
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim H, Kim HJ, Yang D, Jung MH, Kim BJ. Depolarizing Effects of Daikenchuto on Interstitial Cells of Cajal from Mouse Small Intestine. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:141-147. [PMID: 28216898 PMCID: PMC5307899 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.196312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Daikenchuto (DKT; TJ-100, TU-100), a traditional herbal medicineis used in modern medicine to treat gastrointestinal (GI) functional disorders. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are the pacemaker cells of the GI tract and play important roles in the regulation of GI motility. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of DKT on the pacemaker potentials (PPs) of cultured ICCs from murine small intestine. Materials and Methods: Enzymatic digestions were used to dissociate ICCs from mouse small intestine tissues. All experiments on ICCs were performed after 12 h of culture. The whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record ICC PPs (current clamp mode). All experiments were performed at 30-32°C. Results: In current-clamp modeDKT depolarized and concentration-dependently decreased the amplitudes of PPs. Y25130 (a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist) or SB269970 (a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist) did not block DKT-induced PP depolarization, but RS39604 (a 5-HT4 receptor antagonist) did. Methoctramine (a muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist) failed to block DKT-induced PP depolarization, but pretreating 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (a muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist) facilitated blockade of DKT-induced PP depolarization. Pretreatment with an external Ca2+-free solution or thapsigargin abolished PPsand under these conditions, DKT did not induce PP depolarization. Furthermore Ginseng radix and Zingiberis rhizomes depolarized PPs, whereas Zanthoxyli fructus fruit (the third component of DKT) hyperpolarized PPs. Conclusion: These results suggest that DKT depolarizes ICC PPs in an internal or external Ca2+-dependent manner by stimulating 5-HT4 and M3 receptors. Furthermore, the authors suspect that the component in DKT largely responsible for depolarization is probably also a component of Ginseng radix and Zingiberis rhizomes. SUMMARY Daikenchuto (DKT) depolarized and concentration-dependently decreased the amplitudes of pacemaker potentials (PPs) Y25130 (a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist) or SB269970 (a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist) did not block DKT-induced PP depolarization, but RS39604 (a 5-HT4 receptor antagonist) did Methoctramine (a muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist) failed to block DKT-induced PP depolarization, but pretreating 4-DAMP (a muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist) facilitated blockade of DKT-induced PP depolarization Ginseng radix and Zingiberis rhizomes depolarized PPswhereas Zanthoxyli fructus fruit (the third component of DKT) hyperpolarized PPs.
Abbreviation used: DKT: Daikenchuto, GI: Gastrointestinal, ICCs: Interstitial cells of Cajal, PPs: Pacemaker Potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyungwoo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongki Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ho Jung
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shim JH, Lee SJ, Gim H, Kim HJ, Han T, Kim JG, Lim EY, Kim YT, Kim BJ. Regulation of the pacemaker activities in cultured interstitial cells of Cajal by Citrus unshiu peel extracts. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3908-16. [PMID: 27572234 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Citrus unshiu peel has been widely used for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in Eastern traditional medicine. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Citrus unshiu peel extract (CPE) on the pacemaker activity of the GI tract in cultured interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) derived from the mouse small intestine. The whole‑cell patch‑clamp configuration was used to record pacemaker potentials. In current clamp mode, exposure to CPE caused membrane pacemaker depolarization in a concentration‑dependent manner. In the presence of the muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist, methoctramine, CPE induced membrane pacemaker depolarization, whereas treatment with the muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist, 1,1-dimethyl-4-diphenylacetoxypiperidinium iodide, inhibited CPE‑induced responses. When the pipette solution contained guanosine 5'-(β-thio) diphosphate trilithium salt (1 mM), CPE marginally induced membrane pacemaker depolarization. In addition, CPE‑induced membrane pacemaker depolarization was inhibited following exposure to the active phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U‑73122, but not the inactive PLC inhibitor U‑73343. In the presence of a p42/p44 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor (PD98059), a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) or a c‑jun NH2‑terminal kinase (JNK) II inhibitor, CPE failed to induce membrane pacemaker depolarization. These results suggest that CPE may affect GI motility through modulating ICC pacemaker activity by activating the muscarinic M3 receptor and inducing the G‑protein dependent PLC and MAPK signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hwan Shim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnamdo 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Lee
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnamdo 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Huijin Gim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnamdo 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnamdo 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewon Han
- Research Group of Innovative Special Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Goo Kim
- Research Group of Innovative Special Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeong Lim
- Research Group of Innovative Special Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Tai Kim
- Research Group of Innovative Special Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnamdo 50612, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu MJ, Kee KH, Na J, Kim SW, Bae Y, Shin DH, Choi S, Jun JY, Jeong HS, Park JS. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-activating Polypeptide Inhibits Pacemaker Activity of Colonic Interstitial Cells of Cajal. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 19:435-40. [PMID: 26330756 PMCID: PMC4553403 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.5.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) on the pacemaker activity of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in mouse colon and to identify the underlying mechanisms of PACAP action. Spontaneous pacemaker activity of colonic ICC and the effects of PACAP were studied using electrophysiological recordings. Exogenously applied PACAP induced hyperpolarization of the cell membrane and inhibited pacemaker frequency in a dose-dependent manner (from 0.1 nM to 100 nM). To investigate cyclic AMP (cAMP) involvement in the effects of PACAP on ICC, SQ-22536 (an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase) and cell-permeable 8-bromo-cAMP were used. SQ-22536 decreased the frequency of pacemaker potentials, and cell-permeable 8-bromo-cAMP increased the frequency of pacemaker potentials. The effects of SQ-22536 on pacemaker potential frequency and membrane hyperpolarization were rescued by co-treatment with glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive K(+) channel blocker). However, neither N (G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a competitive inhibitor of NO synthase) nor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-α]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase) had any effect on PACAP-induced activity. In conclusion, this study describes the effects of PACAP on ICC in the mouse colon. PACAP inhibited the pacemaker activity of ICC by acting through ATP-sensitive K(+) channels. These results provide evidence of a physiological role for PACAP in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility through the modulation of ICC activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jin Wu
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
| | - Keun Hong Kee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Jisun Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Seok Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Youin Bae
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong 445-907, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Seok Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Jae Yeoul Jun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Han-Seong Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Park
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tanahashi Y, Waki N, Unno T, Matsuyama H, Iino S, Kitazawa T, Yamada M, Komori S. Roles of M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors in the generation of rhythmic motor activity in mouse small intestine. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:e687-97. [PMID: 23889852 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of M2 and M3 muscarinic receptor subtypes in the regulation of gut motor activity were investigated. METHODS We simultaneously recorded changes in the intraluminal pressure (IP) and longitudinal tension (LT) in small intestinal segments from M2 or M3 receptor knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. KEY RESULTS In the WT preparations, luminal distension induced a continuous rhythmic contractile activity that was characterized by synchronous rises in IP and LT, occurring periodically at a constant interval. Tetrodotoxin completely abolished the response, whereas atropine either abolished or attenuated it. In the majority of the M2 KO preparations, however, no rhythmic activity was observed in response to the luminal distention, even though networks of enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) seemed to be intact. Where rhythmic activity did occur in M2 KO preparations, it was atropine resistant. In the M3 KO preparations, the IP and LT were synchronously changed by the luminal distention, but the changes occurred at irregular intervals. The W/W(v) mutant preparations, which lack ICC in the myenteric plexus (ICC-MY), showed results similar to those of the M3 KO preparations. In some of the M2 /M3 double-KO preparations, rhythmic activity was not observed, but in the others, an atropine-resistant rhythmicity appeared. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES These results suggest that M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors differentially regulate the intestinal motor activity: M2 receptors play an essential role in the generation of rhythmic motor activity, and M3 receptors have a modulatory role in controlling the periodicity of the rhythmic activity together with the ICC-MY.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Tanahashi
- Department of Animal Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim BJ, Kwon YK, Kim E, So I. Effects of histamine on cultured interstitial cells of cajal in murine small intestine. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 17:149-56. [PMID: 23626477 PMCID: PMC3634092 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are the pacemaker cells in the gastrointestinal tract, and histamine is known to regulate neuronal activity, control vascular tone, alter endothelial permeability, and modulate gastric acid secretion. However, the action mechanisms of histamine in mouse small intestinal ICCs have not been previously investigated, and thus, in the present study, we investigated the effects of histamine on mouse small intestinal ICCs, and sought to identify the receptors involved. Enzymatic digestions were used to dissociate ICCs from small intestines, and the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record potentials (in current clamp mode) from cultured ICCs. Histamine was found to depolarize resting membrane potentials concentration dependently, and whereas 2-PEA (a selective H1 receptor agonist) induced membrane depolarizations, Dimaprit (a selective H2-agonist), R-alpha-methylhistamine (R-alpha-MeHa; a selective H3-agonist), and 4-methylhistamine (4-MH; a selective H4-agonist) did not. Pretreatment with Ca2+-free solution or thapsigargin (a Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor in endoplasmic reticulum) abolished the generation of pacemaker potentials and suppressed histamine-induced membrane depolarization. Furthermore, treatments with U-73122 (a phospholipase C inhibitor) or 5-fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide (FIPI; a phospholipase D inhibitor) blocked histamine-induced membrane depolarizations in ICCs. On the other hand, KT5720 (a protein kinase A inhibitor) did not block histamine-induced membrane depolarization. These results suggest that histamine modulates pacemaker potentials through H1 receptor-mediated pathways via external Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ release from internal stores in a PLC and PLD dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Joo Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-770, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Evidence for Ca(2+)-regulated ATP release in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1229-38. [PMID: 23499741 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are thought to originate from the electrically active pacemaker cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the presence of synaptic-like vesicles and proteins involved in cell secretion it remains unclear whether GIST cells possess regulated release mechanisms. The GIST tumor cell line GIST882 was used as a model cell system, and stimulus-release coupling was investigated by confocal microscopy of cytoplasmic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i), flow cytometry, and luminometric measurements of extracellular ATP. We demonstrate that GIST cells have an intact intracellular Ca(2+)-signaling pathway that regulates ATP release. Cell viability and cell membrane integrity was preserved, excluding ATP leakage due to cell death and suggesting active ATP release. The stimulus-secretion signal transduction is at least partly dependent on Ca(2+) influx since exclusion of extracellular Ca(2+) diminishes the ATP release. We conclude that measurements of ATP release in GISTs may be a useful tool for dissecting the signal transduction pathway, mapping exocytotic components, and possibly for the development and evaluation of drugs. Additionally, release of ATP from GISTs may have importance for tumor tissue homeostasis and immune surveillance escape.
Collapse
|
17
|
Deng J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhao J, Song B, Li L. The effects of Glivec on the urinary bladder excitation of rats with suprasacral or sacral spinal cord transection. J Surg Res 2013; 183:598-605. [PMID: 23608618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effects of the c-kit blocker imatinib mesylate (Glivec) on the bladders of animals with suprasacral cord injury (SSCI) and sacral cord injury (SCI). MATERIALS AND METHODS We randomized 60 female Sprague-Dawley rats into control, sham, SSCI (T8/9 transection), and SCI (S1-3 transection) groups. Six weeks later, we evaluated the effects of stepwise Glivec administrations on urinary bladder contraction using cystometry and the detrusor strip stretch-test. We investigated spontaneous calcium transients of kit-positive interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) with the preloaded Ca(2+) indicator fluo-3AM. The expression levels of c-kit and the number of ICCs in those bladders were determined using Western blot and fluorescence staining analyses, respectively. RESULTS Bladder capacity and compliance were decreased in SSCI bladders and increased in SCI bladders (P<0.05). The amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions of detrusor strips, the frequency and relative fluorescence intensity of the spontaneous Ca(2+) waves, and c-kit expression in the bladder were significantly increased in the SSCI group and decreased in the SCI group compared with the control and sham groups (P<0.05). The dose-dependent effects of Glivec also confirmed consistent functional variations in bladder activity. CONCLUSIONS The expressions and effects of Glivec were enhanced in SSCI bladders and inhibited in SCI bladders, which may indicate potential roles of ICCs for the c-kit signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of SSCI and SCI bladder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Deng
- Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Deng J, He P, Zhong X, Wang Q, Li L, Song B. Identification of T-type calcium channels in the interstitial cells of Cajal in rat bladder. Urology 2012; 80:1389.e1-7. [PMID: 22995572 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression and function of T-type calcium channels in the interstitial cells of Cajal in rat bladders. METHODS Bladders were harvested from Sprague-Dawley rats. The expression of T-type calcium channels subtypes (α1G, α1H, and α1I) in interstitial cells of Cajal were identified by double-labeled immunofluorescence analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis in whole mount preparations of rat bladders. The function of T-type calcium channels in freshly isolated interstitial cells of Cajal was assessed by detecting the changes of intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) with preloading fluo-3 AM, and by evaluating the changes of the phasic contractions of rat bladder strips after treating with mibefradil and glivec. RESULTS Three T-type calcium channels subtypes, α1G, α1H, and α1I, colocalized with c-kit in bladder interstitial cells of Cajal by double-labeled immunofluorescence analysis, and this was confirmed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The T-type calcium channels selective blocker, mibefradil (1 μM), significantly decreased the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in isolated interstitial cells of Cajal (P < .01) and inhibited the spontaneous phasic contraction of bladder strips (P < .01). Moreover, the c-kit receptor blocker, glivec, significantly decreased the [Ca(2+)](i) of interstitial cells of Cajal further (P < .01) and the spontaneous phasic contraction of bladder strips. CONCLUSION T-type calcium channel subtypes were confirmed to colocalize in interstitial cells of Cajal in rats bladders, which might participate in the spontaneous activity of interstitial cells of Cajal and phasic contractions of bladder strips by modulating [Ca(2+)](i) in interstitial cells of Cajal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Deng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Han S, Kim JS, Jung BK, Han SE, Nam JH, Kwon YK, Nah SY, Kim BJ. Effects of ginsenoside on pacemaker potentials of cultured interstitial cells of Cajal clusters from the small intestine of mice. Mol Cells 2012; 33:243-9. [PMID: 22350744 PMCID: PMC3887704 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-2204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside, one of the active ingredients of Panax ginseng, has a variety of physiological and pharmacological actions in various organs. However, little is known about the effects of ginsenosides on gastrointestinal (GI) motility. We studied the modulation of pacemaker potentials by ginsenoside in the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) using the whole-cell patch clamp technique in the current clamp mode. Among ginsenosides, we investigated the effects of ginsenoside Rb1, Rg3 and Rf. While externally applied Rb1 and Rg3 had no effects on pacemaker potentials, Rf caused membrane depolarization. The application of flufenamic acid or niflumic acid abolished the generation of pacemaker potentials and inhibited the Rf-induced membrane depolarization. Membrane depolarization induced by Rf was not inhibited by intracellular application of guanosine 5'-[β-thio]diphosphate trilithium salt. Pretreatment with a Ca(2+)-free solution, thapsigargin, a Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum, U-73122, a phospholipase C inhibitor, or 2-APB, an IP3 receptor inhibitor, abolished the generation of pacemaker potentials and suppressed Rfinduced actions. However, treatment with chelerythrine and calphostin C, protein kinase C inhibitors, did not block Rf-induced effects on pacemaker potentials. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rf modulates the pacemaker activities of ICCs and thereby regulates intestinal motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungheon Han
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870,
Korea
| | - Jung Soo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870,
Korea
| | - Bo Kyoung Jung
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870,
Korea
| | - Song Ee Han
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870,
Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Kyungju 780-714,
Korea
| | - Young Kyu Kwon
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870,
Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Department of Physiology, Konkuk University College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huizinga JD, Martz S, Gil V, Wang XY, Jimenez M, Parsons S. Two independent networks of interstitial cells of cajal work cooperatively with the enteric nervous system to create colonic motor patterns. Front Neurosci 2011; 5:93. [PMID: 21833164 PMCID: PMC3153851 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2011.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal motility of the colon is critical for quality of life and efforts to normalize abnormal colon function have had limited success. A better understanding of control systems of colonic motility is therefore essential. We report here a hypothesis with supporting experimental data to explain the origin of rhythmic propulsive colonic motor activity induced by general distention. The theory holds that both networks of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), those associated with the submuscular plexus (ICC-SMP) and those associated with the myenteric plexus (ICC-MP), orchestrate propagating contractions as pacemaker cells in concert with the enteric nervous system (ENS). ICC-SMP generate an omnipresent slow wave activity that causes propagating but non-propulsive contractions ("rhythmic propagating ripples") enhancing absorption. The ICC-MP generate stimulus-dependent cyclic depolarizations propagating anally and directing propulsive activity ("rhythmic propulsive motor complexes"). The ENS is not essential for both rhythmic motor patterns since distention and pharmacological means can produce the motor patterns after blocking neural activity, but it supplies the primary stimulus in vivo. Supporting data come from studies on segments of the rat colon, simultaneously measuring motility through spatiotemporal mapping of video recordings, intraluminal pressure, and outflow measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan D Huizinga
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shahi PK, Choi S, Zuo DC, Yeum CH, Yoon PJ, Lee J, Kim YD, Park CG, Kim MY, Shin HR, Oh HJ, Jun JY. 5-hydroxytryptamine generates tonic inward currents on pacemaker activity of interstitial cells of cajal from mouse small intestine. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 15:129-35. [PMID: 21860590 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2011.15.3.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study we determined whether or not 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has an effect on the pacemaker activities of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) from the mouse small intestine. The actions of 5-HT on pacemaker activities were investigated using a whole-cell patch-clamp technique, intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) analysis, and RT-PCR in ICC. Exogenously-treated 5-HT showed tonic inward currents on pacemaker currents in ICC under the voltage-clamp mode in a dose-dependent manner. Based on RT-PCR results, we found the existence of 5-HT(2B, 3, 4, and 7) receptors in ICC. However, SDZ 205557 (a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist), SB 269970 (a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist), 3-tropanylindole - 3 - carboxylate methiodide (3-TCM; a 5-HT(3) antagonist) blocked the 5-HT-induced action on pacemaker activity, but not SB 204741 (a 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonist). Based on [Ca(2+)](i) analysis, we found that 5-HT increased the intensity of [Ca(2+)](i). The treatment of PD 98059 or JNK II inhibitor blocked the 5-HT-induced action on pacemaker activity of ICC, but not SB 203580. In summary, these results suggest that 5-HT can modulate pacemaker activity through 5-HT(3, 4, and 7) receptors via [Ca(2+)](i) mobilization and regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Shahi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Takaki M, Suzuki H, Nakayama S. Recent advances in studies of spontaneous activity in smooth muscle: ubiquitous pacemaker cells. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 102:129-35. [PMID: 20553741 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The general and specific properties of pacemaker cells, including Kit-negative cells, that are distributed in gastrointestinal, urethral and uterine smooth muscle tissues, are discussed herein. In intestinal tissues, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are heterogeneous in both their forms and roles. ICC distributed in the myenteric layer (ICC-MY) act as primary pacemaker cells for intestinal mechanical and electrical activity. ICC distributed in muscle bundles play a role as mediators of signals from autonomic nerves to smooth muscle cells. A group of ICC also appears to act as a stretch sensor. Intracellular Ca2+ dynamics play a crucial role in ICC-MY pacemaking; intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+](i)) oscillations periodically activate plasmalemmal Ca2+-activated ion channels, such as Ca2+-activated Cl(-) channels and/or non-selective cation channels, although the relative contributions of these channels are not defined. With respect to gut motility, both the ICC network and enteric nervous system, including excitatory and inhibitory enteric neurons, play an essential role in producing highly coordinated peristalsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyako Takaki
- Department of Physiology II, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang Y, Fang Q, Lu Y, Song B, Li W, Li L. Effects of mechanical stretch on interstitial cells of Cajal in guinea pig bladder. J Surg Res 2010; 164:e213-9. [PMID: 20828727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 04/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES C-kit positive interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) play an important role in the regulation of the smooth muscle motility. In this study, we investigated the mechanical sensitivity of ICCs in guinea pig bladder and their possible relationship with detrusor overactivity (DO). METHODS Stretch load was performed in vivo in DO models produced by 4 wk of partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO). Number and morphology of ICCs were examined using a specific ICC marker, c-kit, immunochemistry staining. The spontaneous and stretch-induced calcium transients (SICT) of ICCs were investigated in cells cultured onto flexible silicone membranes preloaded with the Ca(2+) indicator fluo-4AM in vitro. RESULTS C-kit positive ICCs were mainly located along and between bladder smooth muscle bundles. ICCs in DO bladders displayed more lateral branching with mutual connections. The number of c-kit positive bladder ICCs was increased in the DO group compared with the control group (n = 50, P < 0.05). Cultured ICCs from DO bladders showed spontaneous calcium waves with higher frequency and lower amplitude than those from control bladders (n = 15, P < 0.05). Significant SICT were detected in cultured bladder ICCs. SICT generated in ICCs from DO were more likely to transfer to adjacent smooth muscle cells through cell membrane connection than ICCs from control bladders. CONCLUSIONS Long-term overload tension following PBOO caused changes in morphology, quantity and spontaneous calcium transients of ICCs in guinea pig bladder. Mechanical sensitivity and interaction with SMC of ICCs may contribute to the mechanosensitive conductances in bladder regulation, and may play a role in the pathogenesis of DO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Wang
- Center of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gizzi A, Cherubini C, Migliori S, Alloni R, Portuesi R, Filippi S. On the electrical intestine turbulence induced by temperature changes. Phys Biol 2010; 7:16011. [DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/7/1/016011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|