1
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Kim JC, Son MJ, Le QA, Woo SH. Role of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 in ATP-induced nuclear Ca 2+ signal and hypertrophy in atrial myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2998-3002. [PMID: 30122316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (IP3R1) is expressed in atrial muscle, but not in ventricle, and they are abundant in the perinucleus. We investigated the role of IP3R1 in the regulations of local Ca2+ signal and cell size in HL-1 atrial myocytes under stimulation by IP3-generating chemical messenger, ATP. Assessment of nuclear and cytosolic Ca2+ signal using confocal Ca2+ imaging revealed that IP3 generation by ATP (1 mM) induced monophasic nuclear Ca2+ increase, followed by cytosolic Ca2+ oscillation. Genetic knock-down (KD) of IP3R1 eliminated the monophasic nuclear Ca2+ signal and slowed the cytosolic Ca2+ oscillation upon ATP exposure. Prolonged application of ATP as well as other known hypertrophic agonists (endothelin-1 and phenylephrine) increased cell size in wild-type cells, but not in IP3R1 KD cells. Our data indicate that IP3R1 mediates sustained elevation in nuclear Ca2+ level and facilitates cytosolic Ca2+ oscillation upon external ATP increase, and further suggests possible role of nuclear IP3R1 in atrial hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Chul Kim
- Laboratory of Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Son
- Laboratory of Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Qui Anh Le
- Laboratory of Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Woo
- Laboratory of Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea.
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2
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Gentemann L, Kalies S, Coffee M, Meyer H, Ripken T, Heisterkamp A, Zweigerdt R, Heinemann D. Modulation of cardiomyocyte activity using pulsed laser irradiated gold nanoparticles. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:177-192. [PMID: 28101410 PMCID: PMC5231291 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Can photothermal gold nanoparticle mediated laser manipulation be applied to induce cardiac contraction? Based on our previous work, we present a novel concept of cell stimulation. A 532 nm picosecond laser was employed to heat gold nanoparticles on cardiomyocytes. This leads to calcium oscillations in the HL-1 cardiomyocyte cell line. As calcium is connected to the contractility, we aimed to alter the contraction rate of native and stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. A contraction rate increase was particularly observed in calcium containing buffer with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Consequently, the study provides conceptual ideas for a light based, nanoparticle mediated stimulation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gentemann
- Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- These authors contributed equally to this publication and should be considered co-first authors
| | - Stefan Kalies
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover, Germany
- These authors contributed equally to this publication and should be considered co-first authors
| | - Michelle Coffee
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), REBIRTH - Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tammo Ripken
- Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Heisterkamp
- Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), REBIRTH - Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dag Heinemann
- Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Wei W, Huang W, Yue J. Requirement of IP3 receptor 3 (IP3R3) in nitric oxide induced cardiomyocyte differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 346:9-16. [PMID: 27349290 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) markedly induces cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells. Here we examined the role of the Ca(2+) signaling in the NO-induced CM differentiation of mouse ES cells. We found that NO induced intracellular Ca(2+) increases in ES cells in a dose-dependent manner, and application of IP3 pathway antagonists not only significantly inhibited this induced Ca(2+) increase but also abolished NO-induced CM differentiation of ES cells. Subsequently, all 3 types of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs) in mouse ES cells were individually or triply knocked down. Interestingly, only knockdown of type 3 IP3R (IP3R3) or triple-knockdown of three types of IP3Rs significantly inhibited the NO-induced Ca(2+) increases. Consistently, IP3R3 knockdown blocked the NO-induced CM differentiation of ES cells. CMs derived from IP3R3 knockdown ES cells also showed both structural and functional defects. In summary, our results indicate that the IP3R3-Ca(2+) pathway is required for NO-induced CM differentiation of ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Biology, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Biology, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Son MJ, Kim JC, Kim SW, Chidipi B, Muniyandi J, Singh TD, So I, Subedi KP, Woo SH. Shear stress activates monovalent cation channel transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily 4 in rat atrial myocytes via type 2 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors and Ca(2+) release. J Physiol 2016; 594:2985-3004. [PMID: 26751048 DOI: 10.1113/jp270887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS During each contraction and haemodynamic disturbance, cardiac myocytes are subjected to fluid shear stress as a result of blood flow and the relative movement of sheets of myocytes. The present study aimed to characterize the shear stress-sensitive membrane current in atrial myocytes using the whole-cell patch clamp technique, combined with pressurized fluid flow, as well as pharmacological and genetic interventions of specific proteins. The data obtained suggest that shear stress indirectly activates the monovalent cation current carried by transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily 4 channels via type 2 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated Ca(2+) release in subsarcolemmal domains of atrial myocytes. Ca(2+) -mediated interactions between these two proteins under shear stress may be an important mechanism by which atrial cells measure mechanical stress and translate it to alter their excitability. ABSTRACT Atrial myocytes are subjected to shear stress during the cardiac cycle under physiological or pathological conditions. The ionic currents regulated by shear stress remain poorly understood. We report the characteristics, molecular identity and activation mechanism of the shear stress-sensitive current (Ishear ) in rat atrial myocytes. A shear stress of ∼16 dyn cm(-2) was applied to single myocytes using a pressurized microflow system, and the current was measured by whole-cell patch clamp. In symmetrical CsCl solutions with minimal concentrations of internal EGTA, Ishear showed an outwardly rectifying current-voltage relationship (reversal at -2 mV). The current was conducted primarily (∼80%) by monovalent cations but not Ca(2+) . It was suppressed by intracellular Ca(2+) buffering at a fixed physiological level, inhibitors of transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily 4 (TRPM4), intracellular introduction of TRPM4 antibodies or knockdown of TRPM4 expression, suggesting that TRPM4 carries most of this current. A notable reduction in Ishear occurred upon inhibition of Ca(2+) release through the ryanodine receptors or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3 R) and upon depletion of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) . In type 2 IP3 R (IP3 R2) knockout atrial myocytes, Ishear was 10-20% of that in wild-type myocytes. Immunocytochemistry and proximity ligation assays revealed that TRPM4 and IP3 R2 were expressed at peripheral sites with co-localization, although they are not localized within 40 nm. Peripheral localization of TRPM4 was intact in IP3 R2 knockout cells. The data obtained in the present study suggest that shear stress activates TRPM4 current by triggering Ca(2+) release from the IP3 R2 in the peripheral domains of atrial myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Son
- Laboratory of Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joon-Chul Kim
- Laboratory of Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Laboratory of Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bojjibabu Chidipi
- Laboratory of Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeyaraj Muniyandi
- Laboratory of Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Thoudam Debraj Singh
- Laboratory of Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Krishna P Subedi
- Laboratory of Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea.,Secretory Physiology Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sun-Hee Woo
- Laboratory of Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
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Nakao S, Wakabayashi S, Nakamura TY. Stimulus-dependent regulation of nuclear Ca2+ signaling in cardiomyocytes: a role of neuronal calcium sensor-1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125050. [PMID: 25897502 PMCID: PMC4405540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In cardiomyocytes, intracellular calcium (Ca2+) transients are elicited by electrical and receptor stimulations, leading to muscle contraction and gene expression, respectively. Although such elevations of Ca2+levels ([Ca2+]) also occur in the nucleus, the precise mechanism of nuclear [Ca2+] regulation during different kinds of stimuli, and its relationship with cytoplasmic [Ca2+] regulation are not fully understood. To address these issues, we used a new region-specific fluorescent protein-based Ca2+ indicator, GECO, together with the conventional probe Fluo-4 AM. We confirmed that nuclear Ca2+ transients were elicited by both electrical and receptor stimulations in neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes. Kinetic analysis revealed that electrical stimulation-elicited nuclear Ca2+ transients are slower than cytoplasmic Ca2+ transients, and chelating cytoplasmic Ca2+ abolished nuclear Ca2+ transients, suggesting that nuclear Ca2+ are mainly derived from the cytoplasm during electrical stimulation. On the other hand, receptor stimulation such as with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) preferentially increased nuclear [Ca2+] compared to cytoplasmic [Ca2+]. Experiments using inhibitors revealed that electrical and receptor stimulation-elicited Ca2+ transients were mainly mediated by ryanodine receptors and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), respectively, suggesting different mechanisms for the two signals. Furthermore, IGF-1-elicited nuclear Ca2+ transient amplitude was significantly lower in myocytes lacking neuronal Ca2+ sensor-1 (NCS-1), a Ca2+ binding protein implicated in IP3R-mediated pathway in the heart. Moreover, IGF-1 strengthened the interaction between NCS-1 and IP3R. These results suggest a novel mechanism for receptor stimulation-induced nuclear [Ca2+] regulation mediated by IP3R and NCS-1 that may further fine-tune cardiac Ca2+ signal regulation.
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MESH Headings
- Aniline Compounds
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling
- Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cytoplasm/drug effects
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Electric Stimulation
- Fluorescent Dyes
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Ventricles/cytology
- Heart Ventricles/drug effects
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/genetics
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology
- Ion Transport
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Neuronal Calcium-Sensor Proteins/deficiency
- Neuronal Calcium-Sensor Proteins/genetics
- Neuropeptides/deficiency
- Neuropeptides/genetics
- Primary Cell Culture
- Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/genetics
- Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/metabolism
- Xanthenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Nakao
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeo Wakabayashi
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoe Y. Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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6
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Ibarra C, Vicencio JM, Varas-Godoy M, Jaimovich E, Rothermel BA, Uhlén P, Hill JA, Lavandero S. An integrated mechanism of cardiomyocyte nuclear Ca(2+) signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 75:40-8. [PMID: 24997440 PMCID: PMC4626248 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In cardiomyocytes, Ca(2+) plays a central role in governing both contraction and signaling events that regulate gene expression. Current evidence indicates that discrimination between these two critical functions is achieved by segregating Ca(2+) within subcellular microdomains: transcription is regulated by Ca(2+) release within nuclear microdomains, and excitation-contraction coupling is regulated by cytosolic Ca(2+). Accordingly, a variety of agonists that control cardiomyocyte gene expression, such as endothelin-1, angiotensin-II or insulin-like growth factor-1, share the feature of triggering nuclear Ca(2+) signals. However, signaling pathways coupling surface receptor activation to nuclear Ca(2+) release, and the phenotypic responses to such signals, differ between agonists. According to earlier hypotheses, the selective control of nuclear Ca(2+) signals by activation of plasma membrane receptors relies on the strategic localization of inositol trisphosphate receptors at the nuclear envelope. There, they mediate Ca(2+) release from perinuclear Ca(2+) stores upon binding of inositol trisphosphate generated in the cytosol, which diffuses into the nucleus. More recently, identification of such receptors at nuclear membranes or perinuclear sarcolemmal invaginations has uncovered novel mechanisms whereby agonists control nuclear Ca(2+) release. In this review, we discuss mechanisms for the selective control of nuclear Ca(2+) signals with special focus on emerging models of agonist receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Ibarra
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Jose Miguel Vicencio
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Per Uhlén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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7
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Subedi KP, Singh TD, Kim JC, Woo SH. Cloning and expression of a new inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 splice variant in adult rat atrial myocytes. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2012; 17:124-35. [PMID: 22207335 PMCID: PMC6275638 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-011-0043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (IP(3)R1) is already known to be highly expressed in the brain, and is found in many other tissues, including the atrium of the heart. Although the complete primary structure of IP(3)R1 in the rat brain has been reported, the complete sequence of an IP(3)R1 clone from atrial myocytes has not been reported. We isolated an IP(3)R1 complementary DNA (cDNA) clone from isolated adult rat atrial myocytes, and found a new splice variant of IP(3)R1 that was different from a previously reported IP(3)R1 cDNA clone obtained from a rat brain (NCBI GenBank accession number: NM_001007235). Our clone had 99% similarity with the rat brain IP(3)R1 sequence; the exceptions were 39 amino acid deletions at the position of 1693-1731, and the deletion of phenylalanine at position 1372 that lay in the regulatory region. Compared with the rat brain IP(3)R1, in our clone proline was replaced with serine at residue 2439, and alanine was substituted for valine at residue 2445. These changes lie adjacent to or within the fifth transmembrane domain (2440-2462). Although such changes in the amino acid sequences were different from the rat brain IP3R1 clone, they were conserved in human or mouse IP3R1. We produced a plasmid construct expressing the atrial IP3R1 together with green fluorescent protein (GFP), and successfully overexpressed the atrial IP3R1 in the adult atrial cell line HL-1. Further investigation is needed on the physiological significance of the new splice variant in atrial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna P. Subedi
- College of Pharmacy, IDRD, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764 South Korea
| | - Thoudam Debraj Singh
- College of Pharmacy, IDRD, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764 South Korea
| | - Joon-Chul Kim
- College of Pharmacy, IDRD, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764 South Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Woo
- College of Pharmacy, IDRD, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764 South Korea
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8
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Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor subtype-specific regulation of calcium oscillations. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:1175-85. [PMID: 21479917 PMCID: PMC3111726 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0457-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oscillatory fluctuations in the cytosolic concentration of free calcium ions (Ca2+) are considered a ubiquitous mechanism for controlling multiple cellular processes. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3R) are intracellular Ca2+ release channels that mediate Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores. The three IP3R subtypes described so far exhibit differential structural, biophysical, and biochemical properties. Subtype specific regulation of IP3R by the endogenous modulators IP3, Ca2+, protein kinases and associated proteins have been thoroughly examined. In this article we will review the contribution of each IP3R subtype in shaping cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations.
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9
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Metabolic profiling using HPLC allows classification of drugs according to their mechanisms of action in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 252:183-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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