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Lee S, Lee HY, Kang HJ, Seo YE, Lee JH, Choi D. Oomycete effector AVRblb2 targets cyclic nucleotide-gated channels through calcium sensors to suppress pattern-triggered immunity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1277-1291. [PMID: 38013595 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Transient and rapid increase in cytosolic Ca2+ plays a crucial role in plant-pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI). Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) have been implicated in mediating this Ca2+ influx; however, their regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we have found that AVRblb2 requires the calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins as co-factors to interact with the NbCNGCs, resulting in the formation of AVRblb2-CaM/CML-NbCNGCs complex. Furthermore, CaM and CML are dissociated from NbCNGC18 during PTI response to increase Ca2+ influx; however, Avrblb2 inhibits calcium channel activation by disrupting the release of CaM and CML from NbCNGC18. Following recognition of PAMP, NbCNGC18 forms active heteromeric channels with other NbCNGCs, which may give selectivity of CNGC complex against diverse signals for fine-tuning of cytosolic Ca2+ level to mediate appropriate responses. Silencing of multiple NbCNGCs compromised the function of AVRblb2 on the pathogenicity of Phytophthora infestans, confirming that AVRblb2 contributes to pathogen virulence by targeting CNGCs. Our findings provide new insights into the regulation of CNGCs in PTI and the role of pathogen effectors in manipulating host cell physiology to promote infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeui Lee
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Horticultural Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Lee
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hui Jeong Kang
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Seo
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Horticultural Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Lee
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Horticultural Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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2
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Lee HY, Choi J, Kang M, Lee JH, Kim MS, Choi D. Protein stability governed by α1-2 helices in Pvr4 is essential for localization and cell death. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:510-523. [PMID: 37433739 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich-repeat receptor (NLR) confers disease resistance to various pathogens by recognizing effectors derived from the pathogen. Previous studies have shown that overexpression of the CC domain in several NLRs triggers cell death, implying that the CC domain plays an important role as a signaling module. However, how CC domain transduces immune signals remains largely unknown. A Potyvirus-resistant NLR protein, Pvr4, possesses a CC domain (CCPvr4 ) that induces cell death upon transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana. In this study, loss-of-function mutants were generated by error-prone PCR-based random mutagenesis to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying CCPvr4 -mediated cell death. Cell biology and biochemical studies revealed that M16 and Q52 in the α1 and α2 helices, respectively, are crucial for protein stability, and mutation of these residues disrupts localization to the plasma membrane and oligomerization activity. The increase of the protein stability of these mutants by tagging a green fluorescent protein (GFP) variant led to restoration of cell death-inducing activity and plasma membrane localization. Another mutant, I7E in the very N-terminal region, lost cell death-inducing activity by weakening the interaction with plasma membrane H+ -ATPase compared to CCPvr4 , although the protein remained in the plasma membrane. Moreover, most of the mutated residues are on the outer surface of the funnel shape in the predicted pentameric CCPvr4 , implying that the disordered N-terminal region plays a crucial role in association with PMA as well as targeting to the plasma membrane. This work could provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of cell death induced by NLR immune receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Lee
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeen Choi
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Horticultural Science and Biotechnology Program, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kang
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Horticultural Science and Biotechnology Program, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Lee
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Kim
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Horticultural Science and Biotechnology Program, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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3
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Oh S, Kim S, Park HJ, Kim MS, Seo MK, Wu CH, Lee HA, Kim HS, Kamoun S, Choi D. Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat network underlies nonhost resistance of pepper against the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023. [PMID: 36912620 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonhost resistance (NHR) is a robust plant immune response against non-adapted pathogens. A number of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins that recognize non-adapted pathogens have been identified, although the underlying molecular mechanisms driving robustness of NHR are still unknown. Here, we screened 57 effectors of the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans in nonhost pepper (Capsicum annuum) to identify avirulence effector candidates. Selected effectors were tested against 436 genome-wide cloned pepper NLRs, and we identified multiple functional NLRs that recognize P. infestans effectors and confer disease resistance in the Nicotiana benthamiana as a surrogate system. The identified NLRs were homologous to known NLRs derived from wild potatoes that recognize P. infestans effectors such as Avr2, Avrblb1, Avrblb2, and Avrvnt1. The identified CaRpi-blb2 is a homologue of Rpi-blb2, recognizes Avrblb2 family effectors, exhibits feature of lineage-specifically evolved gene in microsynteny and phylogenetic analyses, and requires pepper-specific NRC (NLR required for cell death)-type helper NLR for proper function. Moreover, CaRpi-blb2-mediated hypersensitive response and blight resistance were more tolerant to suppression by the PITG_15 278 than those mediated by Rpi-blb2. Combined results indicate that pepper has stacked multiple NLRs recognizing effectors of non-adapted P. infestans, and these NLRs could be more tolerant to pathogen-mediated immune suppression than NLRs derived from the host plants. Our study suggests that NLRs derived from nonhost plants have potential as untapped resources to develop crops with durable resistance against fast-evolving pathogens by stacking the network of nonhost NLRs into susceptible host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Oh
- Plant Immunity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sejun Kim
- Plant Immunity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Park
- Plant Immunity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Kim
- Plant Immunity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Ki Seo
- Plant Immunity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chih-Hang Wu
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Hyun-Ah Lee
- Department of Horticulture, Division of Smart Horticulture, Yonam University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- Korean Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Doil Choi
- Plant Immunity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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4
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Seo YE, Yan X, Choi D, Mang H. Phytophthora infestans RxLR Effector PITG06478 Hijacks 14-3-3 to Suppress PMA Activity Leading to Necrotrophic Cell Death. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:150-158. [PMID: 36413345 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-22-0135-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens often induce cell death for their successful proliferation in the host plant. Plasma membrane H+-ATPases (PMAs) are targeted by either pathogens or plant immune receptors in immune response regulation. Although PMAs play pivotal roles in host cell death, the molecular mechanism of effector-mediated regulation of PMA activity has not been described. Here, we report that the Phytophthora infestans RxLR effector PITG06478 can induce cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana but the induced cell death is inhibited by fusicoccin (FC), an irreversible PMA activator. PITG06478, which is localized at the plasma membrane, is not directly associated with the PMA but is associated with Nb14-3-3s, a PMA activator. Immunoblot analyses revealed that the interaction between PITG06478 and Nb14-3-3s was disrupted by FC. PMA activity in PITG06478-expressing plants was eventually inhibited, and cell death likely occurred because the 14-3-3 protein was hijacked. Our results further confirm the significance of PMA activity in host cell death and provide new insight into how pathogens utilize essential host components to sustain their life cycle. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Eun Seo
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin Yan
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunggon Mang
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Miryang, Republic of Korea
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5
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Lee H, Seo Y, Lee JH, Lee SE, Oh S, Kim J, Jung S, Kim H, Park H, Kim S, Mang H, Choi D. Plasma membrane-localized plant immune receptor targets H + -ATPase for membrane depolarization to regulate cell death. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:934-947. [PMID: 34632584 PMCID: PMC9298278 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The hypersensitive response (HR) is a robust immune response mediated by nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs). However, the early molecular event that links activated NLRs to cell death is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that NLRs target plasma membrane H+ -ATPases (PMAs) that generate electrochemical potential, an essential component of living cells, across the plasma membrane. CCA 309, an autoactive N-terminal domain of a coiled-coil NLR (CNL) in pepper, is associated with PMAs. Silencing or overexpression of PMAs reversibly affects cell death induced by CCA 309 in Nicotiana benthamiana. CCA 309-induced extracellular alkalization causes plasma membrane depolarization, followed by cell death. Coimmunoprecipitation analyses suggest that CCA 309 inhibits PMA activation by preoccupying the dephosphorylated penultimate threonine residue of PMA. Moreover, pharmacological experiments using fusicoccin, an irreversible PMA activator, showed that inhibition of PMAs contributes to CNL-type (but not Toll interleukin-1 receptor NLR-type) resistance protein-induced cell death. We suggest PMAs as primary targets of plasma membrane-associated CNLs leading to HR-associated cell death by disturbing the electrochemical gradient across the membrane. These results provide new insight into NLR-mediated cell death in plants, as well as innate immunity in higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye‐Young Lee
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Korea
| | - Ye‐Eun Seo
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and BioresourcesPlant Genomics and Breeding InstituteSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Lee
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Korea
| | - So Eui Lee
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and BioresourcesPlant Genomics and Breeding InstituteSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Korea
| | - Soohyun Oh
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and BioresourcesPlant Genomics and Breeding InstituteSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and BioresourcesPlant Genomics and Breeding InstituteSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Korea
| | - Seungmee Jung
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Korea
| | - Haeun Kim
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and BioresourcesPlant Genomics and Breeding InstituteSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Korea
| | - Hyojeong Park
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and BioresourcesPlant Genomics and Breeding InstituteSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Korea
| | - Sejun Kim
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and BioresourcesPlant Genomics and Breeding InstituteSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Korea
| | - Hyunggon Mang
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and BioresourcesPlant Genomics and Breeding InstituteSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Korea
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Lee H, Mang H, Choi E, Seo Y, Kim M, Oh S, Kim S, Choi D. Genome-wide functional analysis of hot pepper immune receptors reveals an autonomous NLR clade in seed plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:532-547. [PMID: 32810286 PMCID: PMC7756659 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess hundreds of intracellular immune receptors encoding nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins. Full-length NLRs or a specific domain of NLRs often induce plant cell death in the absence of pathogen infection. In this study we used genome-wide transient expression analysis to identify a group of NLRs (ANLs; ancient and autonomous NLRs) carrying autoactive coiled-coil (CCA ) domains in pepper (Capsicum annuum). CCA -mediated cell death mimics hypersensitive cell death triggered by the interaction between NLRs and pathogen effectors. Sequence alignment and mutagenesis analyses revealed that the intact α1 helix of CCA s is critical for both CCA - and ANL-mediated cell death. Cell death induced by CCA s does not require NRG1/ADR1 or NRC type helper NLRs, suggesting ANLs may function as singleton NLRs. We also found that CCA s localize to the plasma membrane, as demonstrated for Arabidopsis singleton NLR ZAR1. Extended studies revealed that autoactive CCA s are well conserved in other Solanaceae plants as well as in rice, a monocot plant. Further phylogenetic analyses revealed that ANLs are present in all tested seed plants (spermatophytes). Our study not only uncovers the autonomous NLR clade in plants but also provides powerful resources for dissecting the underlying molecular mechanism of NLR-mediated cell death in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye‐Young Lee
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
| | - Hyunggon Mang
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
| | - Eunhye Choi
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
| | - Ye‐Eun Seo
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding InstituteResearch Institute for Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
| | - Myung‐Shin Kim
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
| | - Soohyun Oh
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding InstituteResearch Institute for Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
| | - Saet‐Byul Kim
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding InstituteResearch Institute for Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
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In S, Lee HA, Woo J, Park E, Choi D. Molecular Characterization of a Pathogen-Inducible Bidirectional Promoter from Hot Pepper ( Capsicum annuum). MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:1330-1339. [PMID: 32781924 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-20-0183-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In hot pepper, the sesquiterpene phytoalexin capsidiol is catalyzed by the two final-step enzymes, a sesquiterpene cyclase (EAS) and a hydroxylase (EAH), which are genetically linked and present as head-to-head orientation in the genome. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that a subset of EAS and EAH is highly induced following pathogen infection, suggesting the coregulation of EAS and EAH by a potential bidirectional activity of the promoter (pCaD). A series of the nested deletions of pCaD in both directions verified the bidirectional promoter activity of the pCaD. Promoter deletion analysis revealed that the 226 bp of the adjacent promoter region of EAS and GCC-box in EAH orientation were determined as critical regulatory elements for the induction of each gene. Based on promoter analyses, we generated a set of synthetic promoters to maximize reporter gene expression within the minimal length of the promoter in both directions. We found that the reporter gene expression was remarkably induced upon infection with Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora infestans, and bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 but not with necrotrophic fungi Botrytis cinerea. Our results confirmed the bidirectional activity of the pCaD located between the head-to-head oriented phytoalexin biosynthetic genes in hot pepper. Furthermore, the synthetic promoter modified in pCaD could be a potential tool for pathogen-inducible expression of target genes for developing disease-resistant crops.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solhee In
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ah Lee
- Division of Eco-Friendly Horticulture, Yonam College, Cheonan 31005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongchan Woo
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, U.S.A
| | - Eunsook Park
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, U.S.A
| | - Doil Choi
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Kim SB, Lee HY, Choi EH, Park E, Kim JH, Moon KB, Kim HS, Choi D. The Coiled-Coil and Leucine-Rich Repeat Domain of the Potyvirus Resistance Protein Pvr4 Has a Distinct Role in Signaling and Pathogen Recognition. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:906-913. [PMID: 29663867 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-17-0313-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The pepper Pvr4 protein encoding coiled-coil (CC) nucleotide-binding (NB) leucine-rich repeat (LRR) (NLR) confer hypersensitive response (HR) to potyviruses, including Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), by recognizing the viral avirulence protein NIb. To figure out the Pvr4-mediated HR mechanism, we analyzed signaling component genes and structure-function relationships of Pvr4, using chimeras and deletion mutants in Nicotiana benthamiana. Molecular chaperone components including HSP90, SGT1, and RAR1 were required, while plant hormones and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling components had little effect on Pvr4-NIb-mediated HR cell death. Domain swap analyses indicated that the LRR domain of Pvr4 determines recognition of PepMoV-NIb. Our deletion analysis further revealed that the CC domain or CC-NBARC domain alone can trigger autoactive cell death in N. benthamiana. However, the fragments having only an LRR domain could suppress CC-NBARC domain-induced cell death in trans. Further, C-terminal truncation analysis of Pvr4 revealed that a minimum three of five LRR exons showing high similarity was essential for Pvr4 function. The LRR domain may maintain Pvr4 in an inactive state in the absence of NIb. These results provide further insight into the structure and function of NLR protein signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saet-Byul Kim
- 1 Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Hye-Young Lee
- 1 Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Eun-Hye Choi
- 1 Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Eunsook Park
- 1 Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- 1 Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Ki-Beom Moon
- 2 Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, KRIBB, Yusung, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- 2 Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, KRIBB, Yusung, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- 1 Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; and
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9
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Lee HA, Kim S, Kim S, Choi D. Expansion of sesquiterpene biosynthetic gene clusters in pepper confers nonhost resistance to the Irish potato famine pathogen. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017. [PMID: 28631815 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical barriers contribute to nonhost resistance, which is defined as the resistance of an entire plant species to nonadapted pathogen species. However, the molecular basis of metabolic defense in nonhost resistance remains elusive. Here, we report genetic evidence for the essential role of phytoalexin capsidiol in nonhost resistance of pepper (Capsicum spp.) to potato late blight Phytophthora infestans using transcriptome and genome analyses. Two different genes for capsidiol biosynthesis, 5-epi-aristolochene synthase (EAS) and 5-epi-aristolochene-1,3-dihydroxylase (EAH), belong to multigene families. However, only a subset of EAS/EAH gene family members were highly induced upon P. infestans infection, which was associated with parallel accumulation of capsidiol in P. infestans-infected pepper. Silencing of EAS homologs in pepper resulted in a significant decrease in capsidiol accumulation and allowed the growth of nonadapted P. infestans that is highly sensitive to capsidiol. Phylogenetic and genomic analyses of EAS/EAH multigene families revealed that the emergence of pathogen-inducible EAS/EAH genes in Capsicum-specific genomic regions rendered pepper a nonhost of P. infestans. This study provides insights into evolutionary aspects of nonhost resistance based on the combination of a species-specific phytoalexin and sensitivity of nonadapted pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ah Lee
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Division of Eco-Friendly Horticulture, Yonam College, Cheonan, 31005, Korea
| | - Sejun Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Seungill Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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10
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Kim SB, Kang WH, Huy HN, Yeom SI, An JT, Kim S, Kang MY, Kim HJ, Jo YD, Ha Y, Choi D, Kang BC. Divergent evolution of multiple virus-resistance genes from a progenitor in Capsicum spp. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:886-899. [PMID: 27612097 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved hundreds of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich domain proteins (NLRs) as potential intracellular immune receptors, but the evolutionary mechanism leading to the ability to recognize specific pathogen effectors is elusive. Here, we cloned Pvr4 (a Potyvirus resistance gene in Capsicum annuum) and Tsw (a Tomato spotted wilt virus resistance gene in Capsicum chinense) via a genome-based approach using independent segregating populations. The genes both encode typical NLRs and are located at the same locus on pepper chromosome 10. Despite the fact that these two genes recognize completely different viral effectors, the genomic structures and coding sequences of the two genes are strikingly similar. Phylogenetic studies revealed that these two immune receptors diverged from a progenitor gene of a common ancestor. Our results suggest that sequence variations caused by gene duplication and neofunctionalization may underlie the evolution of the ability to specifically recognize different effectors. These findings thereby provide insight into the divergent evolution of plant immune receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saet-Byul Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Won-Hee Kang
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
- Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Hoang Ngoc Huy
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Seon-In Yeom
- Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Jeong-Tak An
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Seungill Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Min-Young Kang
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Eco-Friendly Horticulture, Cheonan Yonam College, Cheonan, 331-709, Korea
| | - Yeong Deuk Jo
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 580-185, Korea
| | - Yeaseong Ha
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Byoung-Cheorl Kang
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
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11
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Jia Q, Liu N, Xie K, Dai Y, Han S, Zhao X, Qian L, Wang Y, Zhao J, Gorovits R, Xie D, Hong Y, Liu Y. CLCuMuB βC1 Subverts Ubiquitination by Interacting with NbSKP1s to Enhance Geminivirus Infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005668. [PMID: 27315204 PMCID: PMC4912122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses interfere with and usurp host machinery and circumvent defense responses to create a suitable cellular environment for successful infection. This is usually achieved through interactions between viral proteins and host factors. Geminiviruses are a group of plant-infecting DNA viruses, of which some contain a betasatellite, known as DNAβ. Here, we report that Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) uses its sole satellite-encoded protein βC1 to regulate the plant ubiquitination pathway for effective infection. We found that CLCuMu betasatellite (CLCuMuB) βC1 interacts with NbSKP1, and interrupts the interaction of NbSKP1s with NbCUL1. Silencing of either NbSKP1s or NbCUL1 enhances the accumulation of CLCuMuV genomic DNA and results in severe disease symptoms in plants. βC1 impairs the integrity of SCFCOI1 and the stabilization of GAI, a substrate of the SCFSYL1 to hinder responses to jasmonates (JA) and gibberellins (GA). Moreover, JA treatment reduces viral accumulation and symptoms. These results suggest that CLCuMuB βC1 inhibits the ubiquitination function of SCF E3 ligases through interacting with NbSKP1s to enhance CLCuMuV infection and symptom induction in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwan Dai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojie Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xijuan Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lichao Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rena Gorovits
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daoxin Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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12
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Kim SB, Lee HY, Seo S, Lee JH, Choi D. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NIb) of the potyviruses is an avirulence factor for the broad-spectrum resistance gene Pvr4 in Capsicum annuum cv. CM334. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119639. [PMID: 25760376 PMCID: PMC4356556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Potyviruses are one of the most destructive viral pathogens of Solanaceae plants. In Capsicum annuum landrace CM334, a broad-spectrum gene, Pvr4 is known to be involved in resistance against multiple potyviruses, including Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), Pepper severe mosaic virus (PepSMV), and Potato virus Y (PVY). However, a potyvirus avirulence factor against Pvr4 has not been identified. To identify the avirulence factor corresponding to Pvr4 in potyviruses, we performed Agrobacterium-mediated transient expressions of potyvirus protein coding regions in potyvirus-resistant (Pvr4) and -susceptible (pvr4) pepper plants. Hypersensitive response (HR) was observed only when a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NIb) of PepMoV, PepSMV, or PVY was expressed in Pvr4-bearing pepper leaves in a genotype-specific manner. In contrast, HR was not observed when the NIb of Tobacco etch virus (TEV), a virulent potyvirus, was expressed in Pvr4-bearing pepper leaves. Our results clearly demonstrate that NIbs of PepMoV, PepSMV, and PVY serve as avirulence factors for Pvr4 in pepper plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saet-Byul Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Lee
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungyeon Seo
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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13
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Wang J, Xu R, Liu A. IRDL cloning: a one-tube, zero-background, easy-to-use, directional cloning method improves throughput in recombinant DNA preparation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107907. [PMID: 25243603 PMCID: PMC4171505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and efficient construction of expression vectors and subsequent transformation are basic recombinant methods for the investigation of gene functionality. Although novel cloning methods have recently been developed, many laboratories worldwide continue to use traditional restriction digestion-ligation methods to construct expression vectors owing to financial constraints and the unavailability of appropriate vectors. We describe an improved restriction digestion-ligation (IRDL) cloning method that combines the advantage of directional cloning from double digestion-ligation with that of a low background observed by using a positive selection marker gene ccdB to facilitate digestion and ligation in a single tube. The IRDL cloning overcomes the time-consuming and laborious limits of traditional methods, thereby providing an easy-to-use, low-cost, and one-step strategy for directional cloning of target DNA fragments into an expression vector. As a proof-of-concept example, we developed two yeast vectors to demonstrate the feasibility and the flexibility of the IRDL cloning method. This method would provide an effective and easy-to-use system for gene cloning and functional genomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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14
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Tran PT, Choi H, Kim SB, Lee HA, Choi D, Kim KH. A simple method for screening of plant NBS-LRR genes that confer a hypersensitive response to plant viruses and its application for screening candidate pepper genes against Pepper mottle virus. J Virol Methods 2014; 201:57-64. [PMID: 24552951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant NBS-LRR genes are abundant and have been increasingly cloned from plant genomes. In this study, a method based on agroinfiltration and virus inoculation was developed for the simple and inexpensive screening of candidate R genes that confer a hypersensitive response to plant viruses. The well-characterized resistance genes Rx and N, which confer resistance to Potato virus X (PVX) and tobamovirus, respectively, were used to optimize a transient expression assay for detection of hypersensitive response in Nicotiana benthamiana. Infectious sap of PVX and Tobacco mosaic virus were used to induce hypersensitive response in Rx- and N-infiltrated leaves, respectively. The transient expression of the N gene induced local hypersensitive response upon infection of another tobamovirus, Pepper mild mottle virus, through both sap and transcript inoculation. When this method was used to screen 99 candidate R genes from pepper, an R gene that confers hypersensitive response to the potyvirus Pepper mottle virus was identified. The method will be useful for the identification of plant R genes that confer resistance to viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phu-Tri Tran
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoseong Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Saet-Byul Kim
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ah Lee
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Hyung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Kim SM, Bae C, Oh SK, Choi D. A pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) metacaspase 9 (Camc9) plays a role in pathogen-induced cell death in plants. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2013; 14:557-66. [PMID: 23522353 PMCID: PMC6638822 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Metacaspases, which belong to the cysteine-type C14 protease family, are most structurally similar to mammalian caspases than any other caspase-like protease in plants. Atmc9 (Arabidopsis thaliana metacaspase 9) has a unique domain structure, and distinct biochemical characteristics, such as Ca²⁺ binding, pH, redox status, S-nitrosylation and specific protease inhibitors. However, the biological roles of Atmc9 in plant-pathogen interactions remain largely unknown. In this study, a metacaspase gene present as a single copy in the pepper genome, and sharing 54% amino acid sequence identity with Atmc9, was isolated and named Capsicum annuum metacaspase 9 (Camc9). Camc9 encodes a 318-amino-acid polypeptide with an estimated molecular weight of 34.6 kDa, and shares approximately 40% amino acid sequence identity with known type II metacaspases in plants. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that the expression of Camc9 was induced by infections of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria race 1 and race 3 and treatment with methyl jasmonate. Suppression of Camc9 expression using virus-induced gene silencing enhanced disease resistance and suppressed cell death symptom development following infection with virulent bacterial pathogens. By contrast, overexpression of Camc9 by transient or stable transformation enhanced disease susceptibility and pathogen-induced cell death by regulation of reactive oxygen species production and defence-related gene expression. These results suggest that Camc9 is a possible member of the metacaspase gene family and plays a role as a positive regulator of pathogen-induced cell death in the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea
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16
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TMV-Gate vectors: gateway compatible tobacco mosaic virus based expression vectors for functional analysis of proteins. Sci Rep 2012; 2:874. [PMID: 23166857 PMCID: PMC3500846 DOI: 10.1038/srep00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viral expression vectors are advantageous for high-throughput functional characterization studies of genes due to their capability for rapid, high-level transient expression of proteins. We have constructed a series of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) based vectors that are compatible with Gateway technology to enable rapid assembly of expression constructs and exploitation of ORFeome collections. In addition to the potential of producing recombinant protein at grams per kilogram FW of leaf tissue, these vectors facilitate either N- or C-terminal fusions to a broad series of epitope tag(s) and fluorescent proteins. We demonstrate the utility of these vectors in affinity purification, immunodetection and subcellular localisation studies. We also apply the vectors to characterize protein-protein interactions and demonstrate their utility in screening plant pathogen effectors. Given its broad utility in defining protein properties, this vector series will serve as a useful resource to expedite gene characterization efforts.
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17
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Seo E, Yeom SI, Jo S, Jeong H, Kang BC, Choi D. Ectopic expression of Capsicum-specific cell wall protein Capsicum annuum senescence-delaying 1 (CaSD1) delays senescence and induces trichome formation in Nicotiana benthamiana. Mol Cells 2012; 33:415-22. [PMID: 22441673 PMCID: PMC3887797 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-0017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted proteins are known to have multiple roles in plant development, metabolism, and stress response. In a previous study to understand the roles of secreted proteins, Capsicum annuum secreted proteins (CaS) were isolated by yeast secretion trap. Among the secreted proteins, we further characterized Capsicum annuum senescence-delaying 1 (CaSD1), a gene encoding a novel secreted protein that is present only in the genus Capsicum. The deduced CaSD1 contains multiple repeats of the amino acid sequence KPPIHNHKPTDYDRS. Interestingly, the number of repeats varied among cultivars and species in the Capsicum genus. CaSD1 is constitutively expressed in roots, and Agrobacterium-mediated transient overexpression of CaSD1 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves resulted in delayed senescence with a dramatically increased number of trichomes and enlarged epidermal cells. Furthermore, senescence- and cell division-related genes were differentially regulated by CaSD1-overexpressing plants. These observations imply that the pepper-specific cell wall protein CaSD1 plays roles in plant growth and development by regulating cell division and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Seo
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
| | - Seon-In Yeom
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
| | | | - Heejin Jeong
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
| | - Byoung-Cheorl Kang
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
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18
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Yeom SI, Seo E, Oh SK, Kim KW, Choi D. A common plant cell-wall protein HyPRP1 has dual roles as a positive regulator of cell death and a negative regulator of basal defense against pathogens. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 69:755-68. [PMID: 22023393 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although hybrid proline-rich proteins (HyPRPs) are ubiquitous in plants, little is known about their roles other than as cell-wall structural proteins. We identified the gene HyPRP1 in Capsicum annuum and Nicotiana benthamiana, which encodes a protein containing proline-rich domain and eight-cysteine motif (8CM) that is constitutively expressed in various organs, mostly in the root, but is down-regulated upon inoculation with either incompatible or compatible pathogens. Ectopic expression of HyPRP1 in plants accelerated cell death, showing developmental abnormality with down-regulation of ROS-scavenging genes, and enhanced pathogen susceptibility suppressing expression of defense-related genes. Conversely, silencing of HyPRP1 suppressed pathogen-induced cell death, but enhanced disease resistance, with up-regulation of defense-related genes and inhibition of in planta growth of bacterial pathogens independently of signal molecule-mediated pathways. Furthermore, the secreted 8CM was sufficient for these HyPRP1 functions. Together, our results suggest that a common plant cell-wall structural protein, HyPRP1, performs distinct dual roles in positive regulation of cell death and negative regulation of basal defense against pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-In Yeom
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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19
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De Rybel B, van den Berg W, Lokerse A, Liao CY, van Mourik H, Möller B, Peris CL, Weijers D. A versatile set of ligation-independent cloning vectors for functional studies in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:1292-9. [PMID: 21562332 PMCID: PMC3135924 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.177337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
With plant molecular biology entering the omics era, there is a need for simple cloning strategies that allow high throughput to systematically study the expression and function of large numbers of genes. Such strategies would facilitate the analysis of gene (sub)families and/or sets of coexpressed genes identified by transcriptomics. Here, we provide a set of 34 ligation-independent cloning (LIC) binary vectors for expression analysis, protein localization studies, and misexpression that will be made freely available. This set of plant LIC vectors offers a fast alternative to standard cloning strategies involving ligase or recombination enzyme technology. We demonstrate the use of this strategy and our new vectors by analyzing the expression domains of genes belonging to two subclades of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family. We show that neither the closest homologs of TARGET OF MONOPTEROS7 (TMO7/ATBS1) nor the members of the ATBS1 INTERACTING FACTOR subclade of putative TMO7 interactors are expressed in the embryo and that there is very limited coexpression in the primary root meristem. This suggests that these basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors are most likely not involved in TMO7-dependent root meristem initiation.
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