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Wu S, Shang Y, Yan Y, Zhou A, Bing T, Zhao Z, Tan W. Aptamer-Based Enforced Phosphatase-Recruiting Chimeras Inhibit Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signal Transduction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22445-22454. [PMID: 39087949 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant phosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is usually involved in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. However, developing specific and efficient molecular tools to regulate RTK phosphorylation remains a considerable challenge. In this study, we reported novel aptamer-based chimeras to inhibit the phosphorylation of RTKs, such as c-Met and EGFR, by enforced recruitment of a protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type F (PTPRF). Our studies revealed that aptamer-based chimeras displayed a generic and potent inhibitory effect on RTK phosphorylation induced by growth factor or auto-dimerization in different cell lines and modulated cell biological behaviors by recruiting PTPRF. Furthermore, based on angstrom accuracy of the DNA duplex, the maximum catalytic radius of PTPRF was determined as ∼25.84 nm, providing a basis for the development of phosphatase-recruiting strategies. Taken together, our study provides a generic methodology not only for selectively mediating RTK phosphorylation and cellular biological processes but also for developing novel therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanchao Wu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxue Shang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Yan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Aili Zhou
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Bing
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
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2
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Tsuchikama K, Anami Y, Ha SYY, Yamazaki CM. Exploring the next generation of antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:203-223. [PMID: 38191923 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a promising cancer treatment modality that enables the selective delivery of highly cytotoxic payloads to tumours. However, realizing the full potential of this platform necessitates innovative molecular designs to tackle several clinical challenges such as drug resistance, tumour heterogeneity and treatment-related adverse effects. Several emerging ADC formats exist, including bispecific ADCs, conditionally active ADCs (also known as probody-drug conjugates), immune-stimulating ADCs, protein-degrader ADCs and dual-drug ADCs, and each offers unique capabilities for tackling these various challenges. For example, probody-drug conjugates can enhance tumour specificity, whereas bispecific ADCs and dual-drug ADCs can address resistance and heterogeneity with enhanced activity. The incorporation of immune-stimulating and protein-degrader ADCs, which have distinct mechanisms of action, into existing treatment strategies could enable multimodal cancer treatment. Despite the promising outlook, the importance of patient stratification and biomarker identification cannot be overstated for these emerging ADCs, as these factors are crucial to identify patients who are most likely to derive benefit. As we continue to deepen our understanding of tumour biology and refine ADC design, we will edge closer to developing truly effective and safe ADCs for patients with treatment-refractory cancers. In this Review, we highlight advances in each ADC component (the monoclonal antibody, payload, linker and conjugation chemistry) and provide more-detailed discussions on selected examples of emerging novel ADCs of each format, enabled by engineering of one or more of these components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Yasuaki Anami
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Summer Y Y Ha
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chisato M Yamazaki
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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3
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Yao HP, Hudson R, Wang MH. Progress and challenge in development of biotherapeutics targeting MET receptor for treatment of advanced cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188425. [PMID: 32961258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Advanced epithelial cancers such as gastric, lung, and pancreatic tumors are featured by invasive proliferation, distant metastasis, acquired chemoresistance, and tumorigenic stemness. For the last decade, molecular-targeted therapies using therapeutic antibodies, small molecule kinase inhibitors and immune-checkpoint blockades have been applied for these diseases with significant clinical benefits. Nevertheless, there is still a large gap to achieve curative outcomes. MET (mesenchymal-epithelial transition protein), a receptor tyrosine kinase, is a tumorigenic determinant that regulates epithelial cancer initiation, progression, and malignancy. Increased MET expression also has prognostic value for cancer progression and patient survival. These features provide the rationale to target MET for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the importance of MET in epithelial tumorigenesis and the development of antibody-based biotherapeutics, including bispecific antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates, for clinical application. The findings from both preclinical and clinical studies highlight the potential of MET-targeted biotherapeutics for cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Rachel Hudson
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Ming-Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Biology Research Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA.
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4
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Ghorbani F, Fathi F, Aghebati-Maleki L, Abolhasan R, Rikhtegar R, Dolatabadi JEN, Babaloo Z, Khalilzadeh B, Ebrahimi-Warkiani M, Sharifzadeh Z, Rashidi MR, Yousefi M. Kinetic and thermodynamic study of c-Met interaction with single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies using phage based surface plasmon resonance. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 150:105362. [PMID: 32416255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-Met) has been recently regarded as an attractive target for the treatment of cancer. Our previous study showed that c-Met-specific single chain fragment variables (scFvs) can be considered as a promising therapy for cancer, however, their molecular interaction with c-Met protein have not been assessed. Accordingly, in the current study we aim to evaluate the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of c-Met interaction with these scFvs as anticancer agents by means of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. Phage-scFvs were immobilized on the 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid gold chips after carboxylic groups activation by N-ethyl-N-(3-diethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide and, then the c-Met binding to each scFvs (ES1, ES2, and ES3) at different concentrations (ranging from 20 to 665 μM) was explored. Kinetic studies revealed that ES1 has the highest affinity (KD = 3.36 × 10-8) toward its target at 25°C. Calculation of thermodynamic parameters also showed positive values for enthalpy and entropy changes, which was representative of hydrophobic forces between c-Met and ES1. Furthermore, the positive value of Gibbs free energy indicated that c-Met binding to ES1 was enthalpy-driven. Taken together, we concluded that produced ES1 can be applied as promising scFv-based therapy for diagnosis or targeting of c-Met in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ghorbani
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (SCARM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student research committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fathi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Rozita Abolhasan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (SCARM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rikhtegar
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Zohreh Babaloo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Balal Khalilzadeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (SCARM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Ebrahimi-Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University Technology of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Zahra Sharifzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Hybridoma Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Rashidi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (SCARM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (SCARM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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5
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Fujita R, Blot V, Wong E, Stewart C, Lieuw V, Richardson R, Banah A, Villicana J, Timmer A, Coronella J, Newman R, Gymnopoulos M. A novel non-agonist c-Met antibody drug conjugate with superior potency over a c-Met tyrosine kinase inhibitor in c-Met amplified and non-amplified cancers. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:549-559. [PMID: 32192391 PMCID: PMC7515515 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1737490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Met is a well-characterized oncogene that is associated with poor prognosis in many solid tumor types. While responses to c-Met inhibitors have been observed in clinical trials, activity appears to be limited to those with MET gene amplifications or mutations. We developed a c-Met targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) with preclinical activity in the absence of MET gene amplification or mutation, and activity even in the context of moderate protein expression. The ADC utilized a high-affinity c-Met antibody (P3D12), that induced c-Met degradation with minimal activation of c-Met signaling, or mitogenic effect. P3D12 was conjugated to the tubulin inhibitor toxin MMAF via a cleavable linker (vc-MMAF). P3D12-vc-MMAF demonstrated potent in vitro activity in c-Met protein-expressing cell lines regardless of MET gene amplification or mutation status, and retained activity in cell lines with medium-low c-Met protein expression. In contrast, the c-Met tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) PHA-665752 slowed tumor cell growth in vitro only in the context of MET gene amplification or very high protein expression. This differential activity was even more marked in vivo. P3D12-vc-MMAF demonstrated robust inhibition of tumor growth in the MET gene amplified MKN-45 xenograft model, and similar results in H1975, which expresses moderate levels of wild type c-Met without genomic amplification. By comparison, the c-Met TKI, PHA-665752, demonstrated modest tumor growth inhibition in MKN-45, and no inhibition at all in H1975. Taken together, these data suggest that P3D12-vc-MMAF may have a superior clinical profile in treating c-Met positive malignancies in contrast to c-Met pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Fujita
- Research Department, Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Blot
- Research Department, Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eley Wong
- Research Department, Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christine Stewart
- Research Department, Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Lieuw
- Research Department, Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robyn Richardson
- Research Department, Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ammar Banah
- Research Department, Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jose Villicana
- Research Department, Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anjuli Timmer
- Research Department, Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Julia Coronella
- Research Department, Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Roland Newman
- Research Department, Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marco Gymnopoulos
- Research Department, Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
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6
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Yoo DK, Lee SR, Jung Y, Han H, Lee HK, Han J, Kim S, Chae J, Ryu T, Chung J. Machine Learning-Guided Prediction of Antigen-Reactive In Silico Clonotypes Based on Changes in Clonal Abundance through Bio-Panning. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E421. [PMID: 32182714 PMCID: PMC7175295 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Met is a promising target in cancer therapy for its intrinsic oncogenic properties. However, there are currently no c-Met-specific inhibitors available in the clinic. Antibodies blocking the interaction with its only known ligand, hepatocyte growth factor, and/or inducing receptor internalization have been clinically tested. To explore other therapeutic antibody mechanisms like Fc-mediated effector function, bispecific T cell engagement, and chimeric antigen T cell receptors, a diverse panel of antibodies is essential. We prepared a chicken immune scFv library, performed four rounds of bio-panning, obtained 641 clones using a high-throughput clonal retrieval system (TrueRepertoireTM, TR), and found 149 antigen-reactive scFv clones. We also prepared phagemid DNA before the start of bio-panning (round 0) and, after each round of bio-panning (round 1-4), performed next-generation sequencing of these five sets of phagemid DNA, and identified 860,207 HCDR3 clonotypes and 443,292 LCDR3 clonotypes along with their clonal abundance data. We then established a TR data set consisting of antigen reactivity for scFv clones found in TR analysis and the clonal abundance of their HCDR3 and LCDR3 clonotypes in five sets of phagemid DNA. Using the TR data set, a random forest machine learning algorithm was trained to predict the binding properties of in silico HCDR3 and LCDR3 clonotypes. Subsequently, we synthesized 40 HCDR3 and 40 LCDR3 clonotypes predicted to be antigen reactive (AR) and constructed a phage-displayed scFv library called the AR library. In parallel, we also prepared an antigen non-reactive (NR) library using 10 HCDR3 and 10 LCDR3 clonotypes predicted to be NR. After a single round of bio-panning, we screened 96 randomly-selected phage clones from the AR library and found out 14 AR scFv clones consisting of 5 HCDR3 and 11 LCDR3 AR clonotypes. We also screened 96 randomly-selected phage clones from the NR library, but did not identify any AR clones. In summary, machine learning algorithms can provide a method for identifying AR antibodies, which allows for the characterization of diverse antibody libraries inaccessible by traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duck Kyun Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seung Ryul Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yushin Jung
- Celemics, Inc., 131 Gasandigital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08506, Korea
| | - Haejun Han
- Celemics, Inc., 131 Gasandigital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08506, Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jerome Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jisu Chae
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Taehoon Ryu
- Celemics, Inc., 131 Gasandigital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08506, Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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7
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DiCara DM, Chirgadze DY, Pope AR, Karatt-Vellatt A, Winter A, Slavny P, van den Heuvel J, Parthiban K, Holland J, Packman LC, Mavria G, Hoffmann J, Birchmeier W, Gherardi E, McCafferty J. Characterization and structural determination of a new anti-MET function-blocking antibody with binding epitope distinct from the ligand binding domain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9000. [PMID: 28827556 PMCID: PMC5567289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and motility factor Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor (HGF/SF) and its receptor, the product of the MET proto-oncogene, promote invasion and metastasis of tumor cells and have been considered potential targets for cancer therapy. We generated a new Met-blocking antibody which binds outside the ligand-binding site, and determined the crystal structure of the Fab in complex with its target, which identifies the binding site as the Met Ig1 domain. The antibody, 107_A07, inhibited HGF/SF-induced cell migration and proliferation in vitro and inhibited growth of tumor xenografts in vivo. In biochemical assays, 107_A07 competes with both HGF/SF and its truncated splice variant NK1 for MET binding, despite the location of the antibody epitope on a domain (Ig1) not reported to bind NK1 or HGF/SF. Overlay of the Fab-MET crystal structure with the InternalinB-MET crystal structure shows that the 107_A07 Fab comes into close proximity with the HGF/SF-binding SEMA domain when MET is in the “compact”, InternalinB-bound conformation, but not when MET is in the “open” conformation. These findings provide further support for the importance of the “compact” conformation of the MET extracellular domain, and the relevance of this conformation to HGF/SF binding and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M DiCara
- MRC Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QH, UK.,Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.,Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, 94080, USA
| | - Dimitri Y Chirgadze
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Anthony R Pope
- IONTAS Ltd, Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridgeshire, CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Anja Winter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Peter Slavny
- IONTAS Ltd, Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridgeshire, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Joop van den Heuvel
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kothai Parthiban
- IONTAS Ltd, Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridgeshire, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Jane Holland
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Len C Packman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Georgia Mavria
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Jens Hoffmann
- Experimental Pharmacology & Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Walter Birchmeier
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ermanno Gherardi
- MRC Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QH, UK. .,Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK. .,Division of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, 1 via A Ferrata, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - John McCafferty
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK. .,IONTAS Ltd, Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridgeshire, CB22 3AT, UK.
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8
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Hwang DW, Bahng N, Ito K, Ha S, Kim MY, Lee E, Suga H, Lee DS. In vivo targeting of c-Met using a non-standard macrocyclic peptide in gastric carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2017; 385:144-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Sellmann C, Doerner A, Knuehl C, Rasche N, Sood V, Krah S, Rhiel L, Messemer A, Wesolowski J, Schuette M, Becker S, Toleikis L, Kolmar H, Hock B. Balancing Selectivity and Efficacy of Bispecific Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) × c-MET Antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25106-25119. [PMID: 27694443 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.753491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have already demonstrated benefits for the treatment of cancer in several clinical studies, showing improved drug selectivity and efficacy. In particular, simultaneous targeting of prominent cancer antigens, such as EGF receptor (EGFR) and c-MET, by bsAbs has raised increasing interest for potentially circumventing receptor cross-talk and c-MET-mediated acquired resistance during anti-EGFR monotherapy. In this study, we combined the selectivity of EGFR × c-MET bsAbs with the potency of cytotoxic agents via bispecific antibody-toxin conjugation. Affinity-attenuated bispecific EGFR × c-MET antibody-drug conjugates demonstrated high in vitro selectivity toward tumor cells overexpressing both antigens and potent anti-tumor efficacy. Due to basal EGFR expression in the skin, ADCs targeting EGFR in general warrant early safety assessments. Reduction in EGFR affinity led to decreased toxicity in keratinocytes. Thus, the combination of bsAb affinity engineering with the concept of toxin conjugation may be a viable route to improve the safety profile of ADCs targeting ubiquitously expressed antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Sellmann
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.,Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies and
| | | | - Christine Knuehl
- Merck Research and Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany, and
| | | | - Vanita Sood
- the EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821
| | - Simon Krah
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.,Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies and
| | - Laura Rhiel
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies and
| | - Annika Messemer
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - John Wesolowski
- the EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821
| | | | | | | | - Harald Kolmar
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany,
| | - Bjoern Hock
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies and
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10
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Gastrointestinal malignancies harbor actionable MET exon 14 deletions. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28211-22. [PMID: 26375439 PMCID: PMC4695055 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, MET exon 14 deletion (METex14del) has been postulated to be one potential mechanism for MET protein overexpression. We screened for the presence of METex14del transcript by multiplexed fusion transcript analysis using nCounter assay followed by confirmation with quantitative reverse transcription PCR with correlation to MET protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and MET amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We extracted RNAs from 230 patients enrolled onto the prospective molecular profiling clinical trial (NEXT-1) (NCT02141152) between November 2013 and August 2014. Thirteen METex14del cases were identified including 3 gastric cancer, 4 colon cancer, 5 non-small cell lung cancer, and one adenocarcinoma of unknown primary. Of these 13 METex14del cases, 11 were MET IHC 3+ and 2 were 2+. Only one out of the 13 METex14del cases was MET amplified (MET/CEP ratio > 2.0). Growths of two (gastric, colon) METex14del+ patient tumor derived cell lines were profoundly inhibited by both MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors and a monoclonal antibody targeting MET. In conclusion, METex14del is a unique molecular aberration present in gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies corresponding with overexpression of MET protein but rarely with MET amplification. Substantial growth inhibition of METex14del+ patient tumor derived cell lines by several MET targeting drugs strongly suggests METex14del is a potential actionable driver mutation in GI malignancies.
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11
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Lee JM, Lee SH, Hwang JW, Oh SJ, Kim B, Jung S, Shim SH, Lin PW, Lee SB, Cho MY, Koh YJ, Kim SY, Ahn S, Lee J, Kim KM, Cheong KH, Choi J, Kim KA. Novel strategy for a bispecific antibody: induction of dual target internalization and degradation. Oncogene 2016; 35:4437-46. [PMID: 26853467 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the extensive cross-talk among the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), particularly ErbB family-Met cross-talk, has emerged as a likely source of drug resistance. Notwithstanding brilliant successes were attained while using small-molecule inhibitors or antibody therapeutics against specific RTKs in multiple cancers over recent decades, a high recurrence rate remains unsolved in patients treated with these targeted inhibitors. It is well aligned with multifaceted properties of cancer and cross-talk and convergence of signaling pathways of RTKs. Thereby many therapeutic interventions have been actively developed to overcome inherent or acquired resistance. To date, no bispecific antibody (BsAb) showed complete depletion of dual RTKs from the plasma membrane and efficient dual degradation. In this manuscript, we report the first findings of a target-specific dual internalization and degradation of membrane RTKs induced by designed BsAbs based on the internalizing monoclonal antibodies and the therapeutic values of these BsAbs. Leveraging the anti-Met mAb able to internalize and degrade by a unique mechanism, we generated the BsAbs for Met/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Met/HER2 to induce an efficient EGFR or HER2 internalization and degradation in the presence of Met that is frequently overexpressed in the invasive tumors and involved in the resistance against EGFR- or HER2-targeted therapies. We found that Met/EGFR BsAb ME22S induces dissociation of the Met-EGFR complex from Hsp90, followed by significant degradation of Met and EGFR. By employing patient-derived tumor models we demonstrate therapeutic potential of the BsAb-mediated dual degradation in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Lee
- Open Innovation Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., Incheon, South Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - J-W Hwang
- Bioassay Group, Quality Evaluation Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., Incheon, South Korea
| | - S J Oh
- Open Innovation Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., Incheon, South Korea
| | - B Kim
- Open Innovation Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., Incheon, South Korea
| | - S Jung
- Open Innovation Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., Incheon, South Korea
| | - S-H Shim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - P W Lin
- Cell Engineering Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., Incheon, South Korea
| | - S B Lee
- Cell Engineering Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., Incheon, South Korea
| | - M-Y Cho
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Y J Koh
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - S Y Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K-M Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K H Cheong
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - J Choi
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - K-A Kim
- Open Innovation Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., Incheon, South Korea
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12
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Han C, Zhou Y, An Q, Li F, Li D, Zhang X, Yu Z, Zheng L, Duan Z, Kan Q. MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration by targeting MET. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6715-23. [PMID: 25874496 PMCID: PMC4644207 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are short endogenous non-coding RNAs that act as posttranscriptional regulatory factors of gene expression. Downregulation of miR-1 has been reported in gastric cancer; however, the mechanisms underlying its functions via target genes in gastric cancer remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which miR-1 inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration. The effects of miR-1 on gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration were determined by MTT and wound-healing assays. Cell protein expression of the miR-1 target gene MET was analyzed by Western blotting. Finally, MET expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a stomach tumor tissue microarray (TMA). Ectopic expression of miR-1 inhibited proliferation and migration in both AGS and SGC-7901 gastric cancer cell lines. miR-1 directly targets the MET gene and downregulates its expression. MET siRNA also inhibited proliferation and migration in both cell lines. Immunohistochemistry revealed significantly higher MET expression levels in gastric cancer tissues compared with matched adjacent non-cancer tissues. These findings indicate that the miR-1/MET pathway is a potential therapeutic target due to its crucial role in gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi An
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Duolu Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zujing Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Han Z, Harris PKW, Jones DE, Chugani R, Kim T, Agarwal M, Shen W, Wildman SA, Janetka JW. Inhibitors of HGFA, Matriptase, and Hepsin Serine Proteases: A Nonkinase Strategy to Block Cell Signaling in Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1219-24. [PMID: 25408834 DOI: 10.1021/ml500254r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activators (HGFA), matriptase, and hepsin are S1 family trypsin-like serine proteases. These proteases proteolytically cleave the single-chain zymogen precursors, pro-HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), and pro-MSP (macrophage stimulating protein) into active heterodimeric forms. HGF and MSP are activating ligands for the oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), c-MET and RON, respectively. We have discovered the first substrate-based ketothiazole inhibitors of HGFA, matriptase and hepsin. The compounds were synthesized using a combination of solution and solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Compounds were tested for protease inhibition using a kinetic enzyme assay employing fluorogenic peptide substrates. Highlighted HGFA inhibitors are Ac-KRLR-kt (5g), Ac-SKFR-kt (6c), and Ac-SWLR-kt (6g) with K is = 12, 57, and 63 nM, respectively. We demonstrated that inhibitors block the conversion of native pro-HGF and pro-MSP by HGFA with equivalent potency. Finally, we show that inhibition causes a dose-dependent decrease of c-MET signaling in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. This preliminary investigation provides evidence that HGFA is a promising therapeutic target in breast cancer and other tumor types driven by c-MET and RON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Peter K. W. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Darin E. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Ryan Chugani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Tommy Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Manjula Agarwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Scott A. Wildman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - James W. Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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14
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USP8 modulates ubiquitination of LRIG1 for Met degradation. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4980. [PMID: 24828152 PMCID: PMC4021411 DOI: 10.1038/srep04980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Met receptor tyrosine kinase is an attractive target for cancer therapy as it promotes invasive tumor growth. SAIT301 is a novel anti-Met antibody, which induces LRIG1-mediated Met degradation and inhibits tumor growth. However, detailed downstream mechanism by which LRIG1 mediates target protein down-regulation is unknown. In the present study, we discovered that SAIT301 induces ubiquitination of LRIG1, which in turn promotes recruitment of Met and LRIG1 complex to the lysosome through its interaction with Hrs, resulting in concomitant degradation of both LRIG1 and Met. We also identified USP8 as a LRIG1-specific deubiquitinating enzyme, reporting the interaction between USP8 and LRIG1 for the first time. SAIT301 triggers degradation of LRIG1 by inhibiting the interaction of LRIG1 and USP8, which regulates ubiquitin modification and stability of LRIG1. In summary, SAIT301 employs ubiquitination of LRIG1 for its highly effective Met degradation. This unique feature of SAIT301 enables it to function as a fully antagonistic antibody without Met activation. We found that USP8 is involved in deubiquitination of LRIG1, influencing the efficiency of Met degradation. The relation of Met, LRIG1 and USP8 strongly supports the potential clinical benefit of a combination treatment of a USP8 inhibitor and a Met inhibitor, such as SAIT301.
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15
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Met degradation by SAIT301, a Met monoclonal antibody, reduces the invasion and migration of nasopharyngeal cancer cells via inhibition of EGR-1 expression. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1159. [PMID: 24722284 PMCID: PMC5424102 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor with high invasive and metastatic potential. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-Met signaling pathway has a critical role in mediating the invasive growth of many different types of cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. HGF also stimulates NPC cell growth and invasion in the cell line model. In this study, we determined the inhibitory effect of Met, using a Met-targeting monoclonal antibody (SAIT301), on the invasive and growth potential of NPC cell lines. Met inhibition by SAIT301 resulted in highly significant inhibition of cell migration and invasion in both the HONE1 and HNE1 cell lines. In addition, we also found that co-treatment of SAIT301 and HGF decreased the anchorage-independent growth induced by HGF in HNE1 cell lines. After SAIT301 treatment, Met, together with its downstream signaling proteins, showed downregulation of p-Met and p-ERK, but not p-AKT, in both HONE1 and HNE1 cell lines. Interestingly, we found that HGF treatment of NPC cell lines induced early growth response protein (EGR-1) expression, which is involved in cell migration and invasion. In addition, co-treatment with SAIT301 and HGF inhibited the HGF-induced expression of EGR-1. Next, knockdown of EGR-1 using small-interfering RNA inhibited HGF-induced cell invasion in NPC cell lines, suggesting that the expression level of EGR-1 is important in HGF-induced cell invasion of NPC cells. Therefore, the results support that SAIT301 inhibited Met activation as well as the downstream EGR-1 expression and could have therapeutic potential in NPC. Taken together, we suggest that Met is an anticancer therapeutic target for NPC that warrants further investigation and clinical trials and SAIT301 may be a promising tool for NPC therapy.
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16
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Kim B, Wang S, Lee JM, Jeong Y, Ahn T, Son DS, Park HW, Yoo HS, Song YJ, Lee E, Oh YM, Lee SB, Choi J, Murray JC, Zhou Y, Song PH, Kim KA, Weiner LM. Synthetic lethal screening reveals FGFR as one of the combinatorial targets to overcome resistance to Met-targeted therapy. Oncogene 2014; 34:1083-93. [PMID: 24662823 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase that promotes cancer progression. In addition, Met has been implicated in resistance of tumors to various targeted therapies such as epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in lung cancers, and has been prioritized as a key molecular target for cancer therapy. However, the underlying mechanism of resistance to Met-targeting drugs is poorly understood. Here, we describe screening of 1310 genes to search for key regulators related to drug resistance to an anti-Met therapeutic antibody (SAIT301) by using a small interfering RNA-based synthetic lethal screening method. We found that knockdown of 69 genes in Met-amplified MKN45 cells sensitized the antitumor activity of SAIT301. Pathway analysis of these 69 genes implicated fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) as a key regulator for antiproliferative effects of Met-targeting drugs. Inhibition of FGFR3 increased target cell apoptosis through the suppression of Bcl-xL expression, followed by reduced cancer cell growth in the presence of Met-targeting drugs. Treatment of cells with the FGFR inhibitors substantially restored the efficacy of SAIT301 in SAIT301-resistant cells and enhanced the efficacy in SAIT301-sensitive cells. In addition to FGFR3, integrin β3 is another potential target for combination treatment with SAIT301. Suppression of integrin β3 decreased AKT phosphorylation in SAIT301-resistant cells and restored SAIT301 responsiveness in HCC1954 cells, which are resistant to SAIT301. Gene expression analysis using CCLE database shows that cancer cells with high levels of FGFR and integrin β3 are resistant to crizotinib treatment, suggesting that FGFR and integrin β3 could be used as predictive markers for Met-targeted therapy and provide a potential therapeutic option to overcome acquired and innate resistance for the Met-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kim
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - S Wang
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J M Lee
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Y Jeong
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - T Ahn
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - D-S Son
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - H W Park
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - H-s Yoo
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Y-J Song
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - E Lee
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Y M Oh
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - S B Lee
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - J Choi
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - J C Murray
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Y Zhou
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P H Song
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - K-A Kim
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - L M Weiner
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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17
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Teng L, Lu J. cMET as a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:1247-54. [PMID: 24141315 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Despite improvements in surgery and chemotherapy, the outcomes in patients with advanced gastric cancer remain poor. cMET is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, and plays a key role in tumor survival, growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. cMET overexpression and/or gene amplification occurs in a significant proportion of gastric cancers. cMET is associated with a high tumor stage and poor prognosis. Several cMET inhibitors have been investigated in clinical trials, and the initial results are encouraging. It has become increasingly apparent that cMET is a promising therapeutic target in gastric cancer. In this review, we summarize the development of cMET inhibitors in the preclinical and clinical environment. In addition, we discuss the challenges of cMET-targeted therapy in gastric cancer and explore possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
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