1
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Bauer C, Ciesielski E, Pekar L, Krah S, Toleikis L, Zielonka S, Sellmann C. Facile One-Step Generation of Camelid VHH and Avian scFv Libraries for Phage Display by Golden Gate Cloning. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2681:47-60. [PMID: 37405642 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3279-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Since its development in the 1980s, the Nobel Prize-awarded phage display technology has been one of the most commonly used in vitro selection technologies for the discovery of therapeutic and diagnostic antibodies. Besides the importance of selection strategy, one key component of the successful isolation of highly specific recombinant antibodies is the construction of high-quality phage display libraries. However, previous cloning protocols relied on a tedious multistep process with subsequent cloning steps for the introduction of first heavy and then light chain variable genetic antibody fragments (VH and VL). This resulted in reduced cloning efficiency, higher frequency of missing VH or VL sequences, as well as truncated antibody fragments. With the emergence of Golden Gate Cloning (GGC) for the generation of antibody libraries, the possibility of more facile library cloning has arisen. Here, we describe a streamlined one-step GGC strategy for the generation of camelid heavy chain only variable phage display libraries as well as the simultaneous introduction of heavy chain and light chain variable regions from the chicken into a scFv phage display vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bauer
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies (PEAT), Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Elke Ciesielski
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies (PEAT), Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lukas Pekar
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies (PEAT), Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies (PEAT), Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lars Toleikis
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies (PEAT), Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies (PEAT), Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Carolin Sellmann
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies (PEAT), Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
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2
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Hofmann T, Krah S, Sellmann C, Zielonka S, Doerner A. Greatest Hits-Innovative Technologies for High Throughput Identification of Bispecific Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6551. [PMID: 32911608 PMCID: PMC7554978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have shown a tremendous increase and diversification in antibody-based therapeutics with advances in production techniques and formats. The plethora of currently investigated bi- to multi-specific antibody architectures can be harnessed to elicit a broad variety of specific modes of actions in oncology and immunology, spanning from enhanced selectivity to effector cell recruitment, all of which cannot be addressed by monospecific antibodies. Despite continuously growing efforts and methodologies, the identification of an optimal bispecific antibody as the best possible combination of two parental monospecific binders, however, remains challenging, due to tedious cloning and production, often resulting in undesired extended development times and increased expenses. Although automated high throughput screening approaches have matured for pharmaceutical small molecule development, it was only recently that protein bioconjugation technologies have been developed for the facile generation of bispecific antibodies in a 'plug and play' manner. In this review, we provide an overview of the most relevant methodologies for bispecific screening purposes-the DuoBody concept, paired light chain single cell production approaches, Sortase A and Transglutaminase, the SpyTag/SpyCatcher system, and inteins-and elaborate on the benefits as well as drawbacks of the different technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hofmann
- Advanced Cell Culture Technologies, Merck Life Sciences KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Simon Krah
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.K.); (C.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Carolin Sellmann
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.K.); (C.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.K.); (C.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Achim Doerner
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.K.); (C.S.); (S.Z.)
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3
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Sellmann C, Pekar L, Bauer C, Ciesielski E, Krah S, Becker S, Toleikis L, Kügler J, Frenzel A, Valldorf B, Hust M, Zielonka S. A One-Step Process for the Construction of Phage Display scFv and VHH Libraries. Mol Biotechnol 2020; 62:228-239. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4
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Bönisch M, Sellmann C, Maresch D, Halbig C, Becker S, Toleikis L, Hock B, Rüker F. Novel CH1:CL interfaces that enhance correct light chain pairing in heterodimeric bispecific antibodies. Protein Eng Des Sel 2017; 30:685-696. [PMID: 28981885 PMCID: PMC5914326 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzx044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting two unique antigens with a single bispecific antibody is an attractive approach with potential broad therapeutic applicability. However, the production of heterodimeric bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) presents a challenge, requiring the co-expression and accurate pairing of two distinct heavy and light chain units. Several undesirable by-products can be formed in the production process, including heavy chain homodimers and non-cognate light chain pairings. Although additional downstream purification methods exist, they are often time consuming and restrict practical large-scale production. In this study, we identify and validate novel Fab interface mutations that increase cognate light chain pairing efficiencies within heterodimeric bsAbs. Importantly, the variable domains remain unaltered as interface mutations were restricted to the CH1 and CL domains. We performed several biochemical assays to demonstrate that the novel engineered interfaces do not adversely impact bispecific antibody expression, stability, affinity and biological function. The designs reported here can easily be applied in a generic manner to use existing antibodies as building blocks for bsAbs which will help to accelerate the identification and production of next generation bispecific antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Bönisch
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Antibody Engineering at Department of Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Carolin Sellmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of Chemistry, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Halbig
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Antibody Engineering at Department of Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Becker
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lars Toleikis
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Björn Hock
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Rüker
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Antibody Engineering at Department of Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Krah S, Schröter C, Eller C, Rhiel L, Rasche N, Beck J, Sellmann C, Günther R, Toleikis L, Hock B, Kolmar H, Becker S. Generation of human bispecific common light chain antibodies by combining animal immunization and yeast display. Protein Eng Des Sel 2017; 30:291-301. [PMID: 28062646 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzw077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) pave the way for novel therapeutic modes of action along with potential benefits in several clinical applications. However, their generation remains challenging due to the necessity of correct pairings of two different heavy and light chains and related manufacturability issues. We describe a generic approach for the generation of fully human IgG-like bsAbs. For this, heavy chain repertoires from immunized transgenic rats were combined with either a randomly chosen common light chain or a light chain of an existing therapeutic antibody and screened for binders against tumor-related targets CEACAM5 and CEACAM6 by yeast surface display. bsAbs with subnanomolar affinities were identified, wherein each separate binding arm mediated specific binding to the respective antigen. Altogether, the described strategy represents a combination of in vivo immunization with an in vitro selection method, which allows for the integration of existing therapeutic antibodies into a bispecific format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Krah
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.,Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Schröter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.,Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Carla Eller
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Rhiel
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rasche
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan Beck
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Carolin Sellmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.,Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ralf Günther
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lars Toleikis
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Björn Hock
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
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6
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Krah S, Sellmann C, Rhiel L, Schröter C, Dickgiesser S, Beck J, Zielonka S, Toleikis L, Hock B, Kolmar H, Becker S. Engineering bispecific antibodies with defined chain pairing. N Biotechnol 2017; 39:167-173. [PMID: 28137467 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bispecific IgG-like antibodies can simultaneously interact with two epitopes on the same or on different antigens. Therefore, these molecules facilitate novel modes of action, which cannot be addressed by conventional monospecific IgGs. However, the generation of such antibodies still appears to be demanding due to their specific architecture comprising four different polypeptide chains that need to assemble correctly. This review focusses on different strategies to circumvent this issue or to enforce a correct chain association with a focus on common-chain bispecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Krah
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany; Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Carolin Sellmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany; Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Rhiel
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Schröter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany; Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stephan Dickgiesser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany; Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan Beck
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany; Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lars Toleikis
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Björn Hock
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Stefan Becker
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
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7
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Könning D, Zielonka S, Grzeschik J, Empting M, Valldorf B, Krah S, Schröter C, Sellmann C, Hock B, Kolmar H. Camelid and shark single domain antibodies: structural features and therapeutic potential. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 45:10-16. [PMID: 27865111 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In addition to canonical antibodies composed of heavy and light chains, the adaptive immune systems of camelids and cartilaginous fish comprise heavy-chain only isotypes (HcAb) devoid of light chains, where antigen-binding is mediated exclusively by one variable domain. Due to their inherent favorable attributes, such as high affinity and specificity for their cognate antigen, extraordinary stability, small size and, most importantly, the possibility to complement classical antibodies in terms of 'drugable' target-space, HcAb-derived entities evolved as promising candidates for biomedical applications of which many have already proven to be successful in early stage clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Könning
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julius Grzeschik
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Martin Empting
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department Drug Design and Optimization, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bernhard Valldorf
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Schröter
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Carolin Sellmann
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Björn Hock
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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8
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Sellmann C, Doerner A, Knuehl C, Rasche N, Sood V, Krah S, Rhiel L, Messemer A, Wesolowski J, Schuette M, Becker S, Toleikis L, Kolmar H, Hock B. Balancing Selectivity and Efficacy of Bispecific Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) × c-MET Antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25106-25119. [PMID: 27694443 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.753491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have already demonstrated benefits for the treatment of cancer in several clinical studies, showing improved drug selectivity and efficacy. In particular, simultaneous targeting of prominent cancer antigens, such as EGF receptor (EGFR) and c-MET, by bsAbs has raised increasing interest for potentially circumventing receptor cross-talk and c-MET-mediated acquired resistance during anti-EGFR monotherapy. In this study, we combined the selectivity of EGFR × c-MET bsAbs with the potency of cytotoxic agents via bispecific antibody-toxin conjugation. Affinity-attenuated bispecific EGFR × c-MET antibody-drug conjugates demonstrated high in vitro selectivity toward tumor cells overexpressing both antigens and potent anti-tumor efficacy. Due to basal EGFR expression in the skin, ADCs targeting EGFR in general warrant early safety assessments. Reduction in EGFR affinity led to decreased toxicity in keratinocytes. Thus, the combination of bsAb affinity engineering with the concept of toxin conjugation may be a viable route to improve the safety profile of ADCs targeting ubiquitously expressed antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Sellmann
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.,Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies and
| | | | - Christine Knuehl
- Merck Research and Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany, and
| | | | - Vanita Sood
- the EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821
| | - Simon Krah
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.,Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies and
| | - Laura Rhiel
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies and
| | - Annika Messemer
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - John Wesolowski
- the EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821
| | | | | | | | - Harald Kolmar
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany,
| | - Bjoern Hock
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies and
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9
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Sellmann C. Balancing selectivity and efficacy of bispecific antibodies. N Biotechnol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.06.927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Könning D, Zielonka S, Sellmann C, Schröter C, Grzeschik J, Becker S, Kolmar H. Isolation of a pH-Sensitive IgNAR Variable Domain from a Yeast-Displayed, Histidine-Doped Master Library. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2016; 18:161-167. [PMID: 26838965 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-016-9690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, engineering of pH-sensitivity into antibodies as well as antibody-derived fragments has become more and more attractive for biomedical and biotechnological applications. Herein, we report the isolation of the first pH-sensitive IgNAR variable domain (vNAR), which was isolated from a yeast-displayed, semi-synthetic master library. This strategy enables the direct identification of pH-dependent binders from a histidine-enriched CDR3 library. Displayed vNAR variants contained two histidine substitutions on average at random positions in their 12-residue CDR3 loop. Upon screening of seven rounds against the proof-of-concept target EpCAM (selection for binding at pH 7.4 and decreased binding at pH 6.0), a single clone was obtained that showed specific and pH-dependent binding as characterized by yeast surface display and biolayer interferometry. Potential applications for such pH-dependent vNAR domains include their employment in tailored affinity chromatography, enabling mild elution protocols. Moreover, utilizing a master library for the isolation of pH-sensitive vNAR variants may be a generic strategy to obtain binding entities with prescribed characteristics for applications in biotechnology, diagnostics, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Könning
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Carolin Sellmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Schröter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julius Grzeschik
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck-Serono, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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11
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Valldorf B, Fittler H, Deweid L, Ebenig A, Dickgiesser S, Sellmann C, Becker J, Zielonka S, Empting M, Avrutina O, Kolmar H. Ein Apoptose-induzierendes Heptamer, das effizient den Todesrezeptor 5 bündelt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Valldorf
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Heiko Fittler
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Lukas Deweid
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Aileen Ebenig
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Stephan Dickgiesser
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Carolin Sellmann
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Janine Becker
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Martin Empting
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmacological Research Saarland (HIPS); Universitätscampus E8 1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Olga Avrutina
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
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Valldorf B, Fittler H, Deweid L, Ebenig A, Dickgiesser S, Sellmann C, Becker J, Zielonka S, Empting M, Avrutina O, Kolmar H. An Apoptosis-Inducing Peptidic Heptad That Efficiently Clusters Death Receptor 5. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5085-9. [PMID: 26991930 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent ligands of death receptors hold particular promise as tumor cell-specific therapeutic agents because they induce an apoptotic cascade in cancerous cells. Herein, we present a modular approach to generate death receptor 5 (DR5) binding constructs comprising multiple copies of DR5 targeting peptide (DR5TP) covalently bound to biomolecular scaffolds of peptidic nature. This strategy allows for efficient oligomerization of synthetic DR5TP-derived peptides in different spatial orientations using a set of enzyme-promoted conjugations or recombinant production. Heptameric constructs based on a short (60-75 residues) scaffold of a C-terminal oligomerization domain of human C4b binding protein showed remarkable proapoptotic activity (EC50=3 nm) when DR5TP was ligated to its carboxy terminus. Our data support the notion that inter-ligand distance, relative spatial orientation and copy number of receptor-binding modules are key prerequisites for receptor activation and cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Valldorf
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Heiko Fittler
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lukas Deweid
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Aileen Ebenig
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stephan Dickgiesser
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Carolin Sellmann
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Janine Becker
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Martin Empting
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmacological Research Saarland (HIPS), Universitätscampus E8 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Olga Avrutina
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Landmann M, Sellmann C, Jin CJ, Ziegenhardt D, Hellerbrand C, Bergheim I. P-13ISO-ALPHA-ACIDS FROM HOPS ATTENUATE ACUTE ALCOHOL-INDUCED LIVER STEATOSIS IN MICE. Alcohol Alcohol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv080.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Engstler AJ, Degen C, Dürr M, Sellmann C, Jin CJ, Schattenberg JM, Bergheim I. P-14ROLE OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA IN THE REGULATION OF ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN THE LIVER: STUDIES IN OB/OB MICE. Alcohol Alcohol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv080.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Landmann M, Sellmann C, Engstler AJ, Zetschmer A, Ziegenhardt D, Bergheim I. P-12HOPS IN BEER PARTIALLY ATTENUATED ACUTE BEER-INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN MICE. Alcohol Alcohol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv080.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Sellmann C, Villarín Pildaín L, Schmitt A, Leonardi-Essmann F, Durrenberger PF, Spanagel R, Arzberger T, Kretzschmar H, Zink M, Gruber O, Herrera-Marschitz M, Reynolds R, Falkai P, Gebicke-Haerter PJ, Matthäus F. Gene expression in superior temporal cortex of schizophrenia patients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2014; 264:297-309. [PMID: 24287731 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-013-0473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated gene expression pattern obtained from microarray data of 10 schizophrenia patients and 10 control subjects. Brain tissue samples were obtained postmortem; thus, the different ages of the patients at death also allowed a study of the dynamic behavior of the expression patterns over a time frame of many years. We used statistical tests and dimensionality reduction methods to characterize the subset of genes differentially expressed in the two groups. A set of 10 genes were significantly downregulated, and a larger set of 40 genes were upregulated in the schizophrenia patients. Interestingly, the set of upregulated genes includes a large number of genes associated with gene transcription (zinc finger proteins and histone methylation) and apoptosis. We furthermore identified genes with a significant trend correlating with age in the control (MLL3) or the schizophrenia group (SOX5, CTRL). Assessments of correlations of other genes with the disorder (RRM1) or with the duration of medication could not be resolved, because all patients were medicated. This hypothesis-free approach uncovered a series of genes differentially expressed in schizophrenia that belong to a number of distinct cell functions, such as apoptosis, transcriptional regulation, cell motility, energy metabolism and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sellmann
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Tóth K, Böhm V, Sellmann C, Danner M, Hanne J, Berg M, Barz I, Gansen A, Langowski J. Histone- and DNA sequence-dependent stability of nucleosomes studied by single-pair FRET. Cytometry A 2013; 83:839-46. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Tóth
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division Biophysics of Macromolecules; Heidelberg; D-69120; Germany
| | - Vera Böhm
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division Biophysics of Macromolecules; Heidelberg; D-69120; Germany
| | - Carolin Sellmann
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division Biophysics of Macromolecules; Heidelberg; D-69120; Germany
| | - Maria Danner
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division Biophysics of Macromolecules; Heidelberg; D-69120; Germany
| | - Janina Hanne
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division Biophysics of Macromolecules; Heidelberg; D-69120; Germany
| | - Marina Berg
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division Biophysics of Macromolecules; Heidelberg; D-69120; Germany
| | - Ina Barz
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division Biophysics of Macromolecules; Heidelberg; D-69120; Germany
| | - Alexander Gansen
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division Biophysics of Macromolecules; Heidelberg; D-69120; Germany
| | - Jörg Langowski
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division Biophysics of Macromolecules; Heidelberg; D-69120; Germany
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