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Jin H, Zhao C, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Yong Z, Lei Y, Li Q, Yao X, Zhao M, Lu Q. Environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: An underestimated risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus onset and progression. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171841. [PMID: 38513863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the link between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) incidence and exposure to environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). METHODS A case-control study (ChiCTR2000038187) involving 316 SLE patients and 851 healthy controls (HCs) was executed. Environmental exposure was assessed via a questionnaire, stratified by gender and age (females <35 and ≥35 years, males). Blood samples collected from 89 HCs, 85 inactive, and 95 active SLE patients were used to measure serum benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide -albumin (BPDE-Alb) adducts and PAH concentrations, indicating long-term and short-term exposure respectively. Intergroup comparisons and statistical analyses were conducted using R version 4.3.1. RESULTS Diverse patterns were found in how environmental factors affect SLE onset across different demographics. Lifestyle exposure factors were found to be a stronger determinant of SLE onset than occupational exposure factors in women under 35. Indoor air pollution had a significant impact on SLE incidence, potentially comparable to outdoor air pollution. Lifestyle-related PAH exposure had a greater impact on SLE than occupational PAH exposure. PAH exposure levels progressively increase from HCs to inactive and active SLE patients. Active SLE patients show markedly higher BPDE-Alb levels than HCs. CONCLUSIONS Environmental PAH, particularly lifestyle-related, are significant, yet under-recognized, risk factors for SLE. STATEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION We examined the relationship between exposure to environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). PAH, prevalent in sources such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, and charred food, pose significant health hazards. This study is the first to investigate specific PAH exposure levels in SLE patients. We determined actual PAH exposure levels in both SLE patients and healthy individuals and indicated that long-term PAH exposure biomarker is more reliable for evaluating exposure in non-occupationally exposed groups like SLE, compared to short-term markers. These findings provide valuable insights for future research on similar non-occupationally exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jin
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiran Chen
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zeng Yong
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qilin Li
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Yao
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Ming Zhao
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China.
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Baroi A, Siddique MAB, Akbor MA, Chowdhury FN, Jamil MAR, Uddin MK, Rahman MM. Exposure and health risks of metals in imported and local brands' lipsticks and eye pencils from Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:46222-46233. [PMID: 36715797 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Elemental contamination in cosmetics is a serious health concern as it can pose a cumulative effect on the user's body over a long period. The prime motive of the study was to assess the concentration of 10 concerning chemical elements (Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn) in imported and local lipsticks and eye pencil samples collected from retail outlets in central Bangladesh (Dhaka city) and to assess their dynamic health risks for users. A total of 18 lipsticks and 24 eye pencils were studied and concentrations of chemical elements were examined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The health risk assessment was performed for dermal and ingestion routes of the contaminants. The results reveal that the concentrations of the examined elements vary with colors, brands, and origins. Pb and As concentrations were found below the permissible limit but Cr concentration in some samples exceeded the allowable limit in cosmetics. Cd was not detected in any samples; however, other examined elements such as Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe were detected in considerable concentrations. Elements like Mn, Zn, and Fe were found at high levels. In the case of lipstick samples, elemental concentrations followed the order of Fe > Zn > Mn > Ni > Cr > Cu > Pb > Co > As, while the order was Fe > Cu > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cr > Co > Pb > As for eye pencil samples. Results of the hazards quotient (HQ) indicate that there were no non-carcinogenic or carcinogenic risks of elements in samples for dermal exposure. But the cancer risk values of Cr (HQ > 1 for ingestion) in brown color lipsticks and Ni indicate that lipsticks have some carcinogenic effects if they enter the user's body. Dermal cancer risk for eye pencils has also been calculated and for Pb, Cr, Ni, and As; the values were found within the acceptable ranges of 10-6-10-4. It is suggested that the allowable limit of all toxic elements in cosmetics must be established. Furthermore, continuous monitoring is urgently needed for personal care products like lipsticks and eye pencils commonly available in the local markets in the country like Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anima Baroi
- Laboratory of Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Bakar Siddique
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ahedul Akbor
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Farah Noshin Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md A R Jamil
- Department of Natural Science (Chemistry), American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md Khabir Uddin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Laboratory of Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh. .,Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
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Wang X, Şengür-Taşdemir R, Koyuncu İ, Tarabara VV. Lip balm drying promotes virus attachment: Characterization of lip balm coatings and XDLVO modeling. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 581:884-894. [PMID: 32877879 PMCID: PMC7398005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Drying-induced decrease in lip balm surface energy enhances virus adhesion due to the emergence of strong hydrophobic colloid-surface interactions. EXPERIMENTS A protocol was developed for preparing lip balm coatings to enable physicochemical characterization and adhesion studies. Surface charge and hydrophobicity of four brands of lip balm (dry and hydrated) and human adenovirus 5 (HAdV5) were measured and used to calculate the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) energy of interactions between lip balm coatings and HAdV5 as well as four other colloids: HAdV40, MS2 and P22 bacteriophages, and SiO2. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) tests employed SiO2 colloids, HAdV5 and hydrated lip balms. FINDINGS Drying of lip balms results in a dramatic decrease of their surface energy (δΔGsws≥ 83.0 mJ/m2) making the surfaces highly hydrophobic. For dry lip balms, the interaction of the balm surface with all five colloids is attractive. For lip balms hydrated in 150 mM NaCl (ionic strength of human saliva), XDLVO calculations predict that hydrophilic colloids (MS2, P22, SiO2) may attach into shallow secondary minima. Due to the relative hydrophobicity of human adenoviruses, primary maxima in XDLVO profiles are low or non-existent making irreversible deposition into primary energy minima possible. Preliminary QCM-D tests with SiO2 colloids and HAdV5 confirm deposition on hydrated lip balms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunhao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Reyhan Şengür-Taşdemir
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - İsmail Koyuncu
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Volodymyr V Tarabara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Lu-Fritts PY, Kottyan LC, James JA, Xie C, Buckholz JM, Pinney SM, Harley JB. Association of systemic lupus erythematosus with uranium exposure in a community living near a uranium-processing plant: a nested case-control study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 66:3105-12. [PMID: 25103365 DOI: 10.1002/art.38786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the hypothesis that cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) would be found more frequently in community members with high prior uranium exposure in the Fernald Community Cohort (FCC). METHODS A nested case-control study was performed using data from the FCC, a volunteer population of individuals who had resided near a uranium ore-processing plant in Fernald, Ohio during the years of plant operation; uranium plant workers were excluded. Members of the FCC were monitored for 18 years. SLE cases were identified using the American College of Rheumatology 1997 revised classification criteria, laboratory testing, and medical record review. Each case was matched to 4 controls by age, race, and sex. Sera from potential cases and controls were screened for autoantibodies. Cumulative exposure to uranium particulates was calculated using a dosimetry model. Logistic regression with covariates was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the probability of an association between uranium exposure and SLE. RESULTS The FCC comprised 4,187 individuals with minimal levels of uranium exposure, 1,273 with moderate exposure, and 2,756 with high exposure. The diagnosis of SLE was confirmed in 23 of 31 individuals who had been assigned International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for lupus, and was also confirmed in 2 of 43 individuals who had been prescribed hydroxychloroquine. The female to male ratio was 5.25:1. Of the 25 confirmed SLE cases, 12 were in the high exposure group. The presence of SLE was associated with higher levels of uranium exposure (OR 3.92, 95% CI 1.13-13.59; P = 0.031). CONCLUSION High uranium exposure is associated with SLE, as compared to matched controls, in this sample of uranium-exposed individuals. Potential explanations for this relationship include possible autoimmune or estrogen effects of uranium, somatic mutation, epigenetic effects, or effects of some other unidentified accompanying exposure.
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Epidemiology and classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-09138-1.00124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
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Mak A, Tay SH. Environmental factors, toxicants and systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16043-56. [PMID: 25216337 PMCID: PMC4200809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an immune-complex-mediated multi-systemic autoimmune condition of multifactorial etiology, which mainly affects young women. It is currently believed that the onset of SLE and lupus flares are triggered by various environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. Various environmental agents and toxicants, such as cigarette smoke, alcohol, occupationally- and non-occupationally-related chemicals, ultraviolet light, infections, sex hormones and certain medications and vaccines, have been implicated to induce SLE onset or flares in a number case series, case-control and population-based cohort studies and very few randomized controlled trials. Here, we will describe some of these recognized environmental lupus triggering and perpetuating factors and explain how these factors potentially bias the immune system towards autoimmunity through their interactions with genetic and epigenetic alterations. Further in-depth exploration of how potentially important environmental factors mechanistically interact with the immune system and the genome, which trigger the onset of SLE and lupus flares, will certainly be one of the plausible steps to prevent the onset and to decelerate the progress of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselm Mak
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 10, NUHS Tower Block 119228, Singapore.
| | - Sen Hee Tay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 10, NUHS Tower Block 119228, Singapore.
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Vojdani A, Kharrazian D, Mukherjee PS. Elevated levels of antibodies against xenobiotics in a subgroup of healthy subjects. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:383-97. [PMID: 25042713 PMCID: PMC4365752 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In spite of numerous research efforts, the exact etiology of autoimmune diseases remains largely unknown. Genetics and environmental factors, including xenobiotics, are believed to be involved in the induction of autoimmune disease. Some environmental chemicals, acting as haptens, can bind to a high-molecular-weight carrier protein such as human serum albumin (HSA), causing the immune system to misidentify self-tissue as an invader and launch an immune response against it, leading to autoimmunity. This study aimed to examine the percentage of blood samples from healthy donors in which chemical agents mounted immune challenges and produced antibodies against HSA-bound chemicals. The levels of specific antibodies against 12 different chemicals bound to HSA were measured by ELISA in serum from 400 blood donors. We found that 10% (IgG) and 17% (IgM) of tested individuals showed significant antibody elevation against aflatoxin-HSA adduct. The percentage of elevation against the other 11 chemicals ranged from 8% to 22% (IgG) and 13% to 18% (IgM). Performance of serial dilution and inhibition of the chemical–antibody reaction by specific antigens but not by non-specific antigens were indicative of the specificity of these antibodies. Although we lack information about chemical exposure in the tested individuals, detection of antibodies against various protein adducts may indicate chronic exposure to these chemical haptens in about 20% of the tested individuals. Currently the pathological significance of these antibodies in human blood is still unclear, and this protein adduct formation could be one of the mechanisms by which environmental chemicals induce autoimmune reactivity in a significant percentage of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristo Vojdani
- Immunosciences Lab., Inc., 822 S. Robertson Blvd., Ste. 312, Los Angeles, CA, 90035, USA
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Hedrich CM, Crispin JC, Tsokos GC. Epigenetic regulation of cytokine expression in systemic lupus erythematosus with special focus on T cells. Autoimmunity 2014; 47:234-41. [PMID: 24762298 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2013.801462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic events play a central role in the priming, differentiation and subset determination of T lymphocytes. Through their influence on chromatin conformation and DNA-accessibility to transcription factors and RNA polymerases, epigenetic marks allow or prevent gene expression and control cellular functions including cytokine expression. CpG-DNA methylation and post-translational modifications to histone tails are the two most well accepted epigenetic mechanisms. The involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been suggested by the development of lupus-like symptoms by individuals who received procainamide or hydralazine treatment resulting in a reduction of CpG-DNA methylation. To date, a growing body of literature indicates that the deregulation of cytokine expression through epigenetic disturbances can result in altered immune responses and autoimmune reactions. Over the past decade, various global and regional epigenetic alterations have been reported in immune cells from patients with SLE and other autoimmune disorders. More recently, the molecular mechanisms that result in epigenetic disturbances have been addressed, and deregulated transcription factor networks have been demonstrated to mediate epigenetic alterations in B and T lymphocytes from SLE patients. A better understanding of the molecular events that contribute to epigenetic alterations and subsequent immune imbalance is essential for the establishment of disease biomarkers and identification of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Hedrich
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA
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Orisakwe OE, Otaraku JO. Metal concentrations in cosmetics commonly used in Nigeria. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:959637. [PMID: 24385889 PMCID: PMC3872107 DOI: 10.1155/2013/959637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trace amounts of potentially toxic metals can be either intentionally added to cosmetics or present as impurities in the raw materials. In the present study, the levels of lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium, and mercury have been assessed in 28 body creams and lotions, 10 powders, 3 soaps, 5 eye make-ups, and 4 lipsticks widely available on Nigerian markets. The increases over suggested or mandated levels of lead in these creams and lotions ranged from 6.1 to 45.9 and from 1.2 to 9.2 mg kg⁻¹ when compared with Cosmetic Ingredients Review Expert Panel 2007 and German safe maximum permissible limit of lead in cosmetics, respectively. About 61% of the body cosmetics, the lotions, and the creams contained detectable levels of nickel ranging from 1.1 to 6.4-9.2 mg kg⁻¹. Chromium and mercury were undetected in 100% of the cosmetic product. Taken together, lead and cadmium were high in creams and lotions. Most of the imported creams and creamy white coloured cosmetics contained higher levels of metal contaminants than the other colours. Regulatory Agencies in developing nations should take appropriate action for cosmetics that contain lead and cadmium beyond the reference limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Jonathan Oye Otaraku
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Sexual disparities in the incidence and course of SLE and RA. Clin Immunol 2013; 149:211-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Slae M, Heshin-Bekenstein M, Simckes A, Heimer G, Engelhard D, Eisenstein EM. Female polysomy-X and systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2013; 43:508-12. [PMID: 24012046 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) occurs more commonly in females than in males. Recent evidence suggests that genetic factors transmitted by the X-chromosome may confer increased risk for autoimmune disease in general, and for SLE in particular. It is therefore possible that X-chromosome polysomy might confer further increased risk for lupus. In addition to describing the clinical and immunologic features of a young woman with polysomy-X and SLE, we sought to review all other published cases associating female or male polysomy-X with SLE or other forms of autoimmunity. METHODS We report a case of a prepubertal girl with polysomy-X and SLE. We performed a systemic literature review for cases of polysomy-X and SLE and summarize previously published cases. In addition, we reviewed reports concerning the possible association between SLE and other connective tissue diseases and male polysomy-X. RESULTS An 11-year-old girl with tetrasomy-X (48 XXXX karyotype) presented with prolonged fever. Workup led to the diagnosis of SLE, and subsequent renal biopsy revealed mild diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Two additional cases of SLE in women with 47 XXX and one of 48 XXXX karyotype were found in a literature review and compared to the present case. We identified studies that found X-chromosome polysomy to be over-represented in male patients with SLE and case descriptions of connective tissue diseases occurring in patients with polysomy-X. CONCLUSION No consistent pattern of disease was observed in female polysomy patients with SLE. Taken together with the data concerning the frequency of polysomy-X among males with SLE, our findings provide additional support for the hypothesis that X-chromosome polysomy may confer increased susceptibility to SLE. Molecular mechanisms that might account for this phenomenon are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mordechai Slae
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Merav Heshin-Bekenstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital at Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ari Simckes
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital at Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gali Heimer
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital at Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Engelhard
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital at Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli M Eisenstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital at Mount-Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
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Tiniakou E, Costenbader KH, Kriegel MA. Sex-specific environmental influences on the development of autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol 2013; 149:182-91. [PMID: 23507400 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in autoimmune diseases are evolutionarily tied to the fact that the female immune system is confronted with intense alterations during menstrual cycles, pregnancy and childbirth. These events may be associated with breaches in the mucosal epithelial layers that are shielding us from environmental factors. Associations between environmental agents and autoimmune diseases have been described extensively in prior studies. Little evidence, however, exists for sex-specific environmental effects on autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize studies involving this often-neglected aspect. We give examples of environmental factors that may influence the sex bias in autoimmunity. We conclude that most studies do not give insight into sex-specific environmental effects due to the influence of gender-selective social, occupational or other exposures. Prospective studies are needed in order to determine true sex-biased environmental influences. Finally, humanized murine models might aid in better understanding the mechanisms involved in sex-specific environmental effects on autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Tiniakou
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06510, USA
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Ghazeeri G, Abdullah L, Abbas O. Immunological differences in women compared with men: overview and contributing factors. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66:163-9. [PMID: 21749547 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CITATION Ghazeeri G, Abdullah L, Abbas O. Immunological differences in women compared with men: overview and contributing factors. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66: 163-169 Gender differences in the innate and adaptive immune systems have long been observed in humans. These immunological differences in immune function manifest as diverse susceptibilities to different types of infections and varied risks of developing autoimmune disorders and maybe even, cancers. Several factors contribute to the development of this immunological dimorphism including sex hormones, genetic makeup, environmental causes, and more recently microchimerism. Although the aim behind this sexual immune dimorphism is still unclear, it is tempting to believe that the higher risk of developing autoimmune diseases in women somehow serves the higher evolutionary goal of reproduction and creating new life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghina Ghazeeri
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Sellner J, Kraus J, Awad A, Milo R, Hemmer B, Stüve O. The increasing incidence and prevalence of female multiple sclerosis—A critical analysis of potential environmental factors. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 10:495-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Simard JF, Costenbader KH. Epidemiology and classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06551-1.00122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Gondal MA, Nasr MM, Ahmed MM, Yamani ZH, Alsalhi MS. Detection of lead in paint samples synthesized locally using-laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2011; 46:42-9. [PMID: 21104494 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2011.526082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) setup was developed to detect lead and other toxic contaminants such as chromium in paint emulsion samples manufactured in Saudi Arabia. The lead concentration detected in these samples was in the 327.2-755.3 ppm range, which is much higher than the safe permissible limit set by Saudi regulatory agencies. Similarly, chromium concentration (98.1-149.5 ppm) was found in high concentrations as well. The results obtained with our LIBS setup are comparable with the sample analysis utilizing a standard technique such as ICP, and our LIBS results are comparable to ICP with in an accuracy limit of 2-4 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Gondal
- Laser Research Group, Physics Department & Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
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Cooper GS, Wither J, Bernatsky S, Claudio JO, Clarke A, Rioux JD, Fortin PR. Occupational and environmental exposures and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: silica, sunlight, solvents. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 49:2172-80. [PMID: 20675707 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined occupational and non-occupational exposures in relation to risk of SLE in a case-control study conducted through the Canadian Network for Improved Outcomes in SLE (CaNIOS). METHODS SLE cases (n = 258) were recruited from 11 rheumatology centres across Canada. Controls (without SLE, n = 263) were randomly selected from phone number listings and matched to cases by age, sex and area of residence. Data were collected using a structured telephone interview. RESULTS An association was seen with outdoor work in the 12 months preceding diagnosis [odds ratio (OR) 2.0; 95% CI 1.1, 3.8]; effect modification by sun reaction was suggested, with the strongest effect among people who reported reacting to midday sun with a blistering sunburn or a rash (OR 7.9; 95% CI 0.97, 64.7). Relatively strong but imprecise associations were seen with work as an artist working with paints, dyes or developing film (OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.3, 12.3) and work that included applying nail polish or nail applications (OR 10.2; 95% CI 1.3, 81.5). Patients were more likely than controls to report participation in pottery or ceramics work as a leisure activity, with an increased risk among individuals with a total frequency of at least 26 days (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.1, 3.9). Analyses of potential respirable silica exposures suggested an exposure-response gradient (OR 1.0, 1.4. and 2.1 for zero, one and two or more sources of exposure, respectively; trend test P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study supports the role of specific occupational and non-occupational exposures in the development of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glinda S Cooper
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, The George Washington University, School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington, DC, USA.
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Gondal MA, Seddigi ZS, Nasr MM, Gondal B. Spectroscopic detection of health hazardous contaminants in lipstick using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 175:726-732. [PMID: 19926220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique was applied to determine the concentrations of different toxic elements like lead, chromium, cadmium and zinc in four different lipstick brands sold at local markets in Saudi Arabia. These samples contain toxic elements like lead, cadmium and chromium which are carcinogen dermatitis, allergic and eczematous. Their extraction from human body takes over 40 years and accumulation in the body cause problems like disruption of nervous systems and kidney damage. They could trigger to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In order to test the validity of our LIBS results, standard technique like (ICP-AES) was also applied. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study where LIBS technique was applied for the measurement of toxic substances in lipsticks. The maximum concentration detected in four lipstick brands was much higher than the permissible safe limits for human use and could lead to serious health problems. It is worth mentioning that the lipstick is not a solid rather is in fluid state which is not trivial to analyze using LIBS technique. For this purpose, special treatment of the lipstick samples was necessary to analyze with our LIBS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gondal
- Physics Department & Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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Oliver JE, Silman AJ. Why are women predisposed to autoimmune rheumatic diseases? Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:252. [PMID: 19863777 PMCID: PMC2787267 DOI: 10.1186/ar2825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of autoimmune diseases predominate in females. In searching for an explanation for this female excess, most attention has focused on hormonal changes - both exogenous changes (for example, oral contraceptive pill) and fluctuations in endogenous hormone levels particularly related to menstruation and pregnancy history. Other reasons include genetic differences, both direct (influence of genes on sex chromosomes) and indirect (such as microchimerism), as well as gender differences in lifestyle factors. These will all be reviewed, focusing on the major autoimmune connective tissue disorders: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma.
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Oliver JE, Silman AJ. What epidemiology has told us about risk factors and aetiopathogenesis in rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:223. [PMID: 19490599 PMCID: PMC2714091 DOI: 10.1186/ar2585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This article will review how epidemiological studies have advanced our knowledge of both genetic and environmental risk factors for rheumatic diseases over the past decade. The major rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, osteoarthritis, gout, and fibromyalgia, and chronic widespread pain, will be covered. Advances discussed will include how a number of large prospective studies have improved our knowledge of risk factors, including diet, obesity, hormones, and smoking. The change from small-scale association studies to genome-wide association studies using gene chips to reveal new genetic risk factors will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Oliver
- Arthritis Research Campaign, Copeman House, St Mary's Court, St Mary's Gate, Chesterfield, Derbyshire S41 7TD, UK.
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Berbis P. [What's new in clinical dermatology]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2008; 135 Suppl 7:S317-25. [PMID: 19264207 DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(08)75484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This selection reviews several topics in the news: - in internal medicine, the cardiovascular and pulmonary risk factors in progressive systemic sclerosis (circulating lupus anticoagulant, smoking, NT-pro BNP marker); the relations between lupus erythematous and polymorphic light eruption, or Jessner-Kanof syndrome; the diagnostic score of autoinflammatory syndromes; and the dysmetabolism syndrome of psoriasis; - in infectious diseases, the return of epidemic typhus; the emergence of TIBOLA rickettsiosis; the development of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in both the nosocomial and community settings; and finally news on herpes group viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Berbis
- Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Nord, CHU de Marseille, Chemin des Bourrely, Marseille, France.
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Lipstick consumption and systemic lupus erythematosus: nothing to gloss over. Clin Rheumatol 2008; 27:1339-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-008-0962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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