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Minervini G, Marrapodi MM, La Verde M, Meto A, Siurkel Y, Ronsivalle V, Cicciù M. Pregnancy related factors and temporomandibular disorders evaluated through the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) axis II: a cross sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:226. [PMID: 38350935 PMCID: PMC10863208 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a multifaceted condition impacting the chewing system, with its frequency varying across different age groups and showing a higher incidence in women. The involvement of estrogen in TMD has been examined due to the presence of estrogen receptors in the TMJ area. However, the exact effect of estrogen on TMD is complex. During pregnancy, marked by significant hormonal fluctuations, the impact on TMD has been hypothesized but remains unclear due to inconsistent results from various studies. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 32 pregnant women consecutively. We gathered information on demographics, TMD evaluations (using the Graded Chronic Pain Scale, Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-20, and Oral Behaviors Checklist), and mental health assessments (including Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-15, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7). We employed descriptive statistics to summarize continuous and categorical data and used t-tests and chi-square tests for comparisons. We also conducted multivariate linear regression, adjusted for demographic factors, to investigate correlations. RESULTS The study group mainly consisted of women aged 30-35 (40.6%) and 25-30 (18.8%). Most participants had completed high school (50%) and were married (71.9%). A notable association was found between younger women (under 30) and higher levels of somatic symptoms (p = 0.008) and generalized anxiety (p = 0.015). Women in their second trimester showed lower severity of somatic symptoms (p = 0.04). A significant link was also observed between depression severity and somatic symptom severity (p = 0.01). However, we found no significant correlations with other TMD-related health aspects. DISCUSSION Our study identified significant associations between psychosomatic and psychological symptoms with variables like age and pregnancy trimester in pregnant women. However, it notably failed to establish a clear relationship between pregnancy-related factors and the severity of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). More comprehensive studies with larger participant pools are necessary to further validate and expand these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Minervini
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, 80121, Italy.
| | - Maria Maddalena Marrapodi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie 1, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Marco La Verde
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie 1, Naples, 80138, Italy.
| | - Aida Meto
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Aldent, Tirana, Albania
- Clinical Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Yuliia Siurkel
- International European University School of Medicine, Akademika Hlushkova Ave, 42В, Kyiv, 03187, Ukraine.
| | - Vincenzo Ronsivalle
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, Catania, 95123, Italy
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Viglianisi G, Polizzi A, Grippaudo C, Cocuzza S, Leonardi R, Isola G. Chemopreventive and Biological Strategies in the Management of Oral Potentially Malignant and Malignant Disorders. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:65. [PMID: 38247942 PMCID: PMC10813134 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represent a significant global health burden due to their potential for malignant transformation and the challenges associated with their diagnosis and treatment. Chemoprevention, an innovative approach aimed at halting or reversing the neoplastic process before full malignancy, has emerged as a promising avenue for mitigating the impact of OPMD and OSCC. The pivotal role of chemopreventive strategies is underscored by the need for effective interventions that go beyond traditional therapies. In this regard, chemopreventive agents offer a unique opportunity to intercept disease progression by targeting the molecular pathways implicated in carcinogenesis. Natural compounds, such as curcumin, green tea polyphenols, and resveratrol, exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties that could make them potential candidates for curtailing the transformation of OPMD to OSCC. Moreover, targeted therapies directed at specific molecular alterations hold promise in disrupting the signaling cascades driving OSCC growth. Immunomodulatory agents, like immune checkpoint inhibitors, are gaining attention for their potential to harness the body's immune response against early malignancies, thus impeding OSCC advancement. Additionally, nutritional interventions and topical formulations of chemopreventive agents offer localized strategies for preventing carcinogenesis in the oral cavity. The challenge lies in optimizing these strategies for efficacy, safety, and patient compliance. This review presents an up to date on the dynamic interplay between molecular insights, clinical interventions, and the broader goal of reducing the burden of oral malignancies. As research progresses, the synergy between early diagnosis, non-invasive biomarker identification, and chemopreventive therapy is poised to reshape the landscape of OPMD and OSCC management, offering a glimpse of a future where these diseases are no longer insurmountable challenges but rather preventable and manageable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Viglianisi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 68, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.V.); (A.P.); (R.L.); (G.I.)
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 68, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.V.); (A.P.); (R.L.); (G.I.)
| | - Cristina Grippaudo
- Head and Neck Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cocuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia” ENT Section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 68, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Rosalia Leonardi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 68, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.V.); (A.P.); (R.L.); (G.I.)
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 68, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.V.); (A.P.); (R.L.); (G.I.)
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Hysa E, Lercara A, Cere A, Gotelli E, Gerli V, Paolino S, Pizzorni C, Sulli A, Smith V, Cutolo M. Temporomandibular disorders in immune-mediated rheumatic diseases of the adult: A systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2023; 61:152215. [PMID: 37167773 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2023.152215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the literature concerning temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRDs) of the adult. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) outcomes used in clinical studies, the prevalence of TMDs in IMRDs and the risk factors for their development were qualitatively synthetized. METHODS A literature search on PubMed Central, Embase and Cochrane Library databases was performed for studies including TMJ outcomes in IMRDs patients compared with healthy controls, other rheumatic diseases or in the assessed IMRDs patients after follow-up and treatment. Among the IMRDs of the adult, original articles investigating TMJ involvement in inflammatory polyarthritides and/or autoimmune connective tissue diseases were considered. The quality of the studies was scored using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). RESULTS Of the 3259 screened abstracts, 56 papers were included in the systematic review. Most of the papers (77%) investigated TMDs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with a prevalence of signs and symptoms varying from 8% to 70%. The risk factors for TMDs development in RA were female sex, younger age, anti-citrulline peptide autoantibodies (ACPA) positivity, higher disease activity, cervical spine involvement, cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Ten papers (18%) evaluated TMDs in spondylarthritides (SpA) reporting a prevalence of symptoms and signs in 12%-80% of patients with higher TMDs prevalence in patients with radiographic spine involvement, skin psoriasis and HLADRB1×01 positivity. Among autoimmune connective tissue diseases (CTDs), systemic sclerosis (SSc) displayed the highest evidence of TMDs patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and clinical findings (20-93%), followed by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 18-85%, primary Sjogren's syndrome (24-54%) and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (4-26%). In SSc and SLE, TMDs were more frequent in patients with higher disease activity and duration, correlating with the extent of skin fibrosis in SSc and with renal involvement in SLE. CONCLUSION TMDs in IMRDs display a significant relevance in the rheumatological clinical practice even if often misdiagnosed. This burden is epidemiologically important in terms of PROs and clinical findings which correlate with disease activity in RA, SpA, SSc and SLE. The early recognition and multidisciplinary management of TMDs is warranted and should be aimed at hindering the TMJ structural damage maximizing the quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Hysa
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Adriano Lercara
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Andrea Cere
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Emanuele Gotelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Veronica Gerli
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Sabrina Paolino
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Carmen Pizzorni
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Alberto Sulli
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Rheumatology, Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, Genova 16132, Italy.
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Farronato M, Farronato D, Giannì AB, Inchingolo F, Nucci L, Tartaglia GM, Maspero C. Effects on Muscular Activity after Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion: A Prospective Observational Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9080361. [PMID: 36004886 PMCID: PMC9404753 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the modifications in the temporalis and the masseter activity in adult patients before and after SARPE (Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion) by measuring electromyographic and electrokinesographic activity. 24 adult patients with unilateral posterior crossbite on the right side were selected from the Orthodontic Department of the University of Milan. Three electromyographic and electrokinesographic surface readings were taken respectively before surgery (T0) and 8 months after surgery (T1). The electromyographic data of both right and left masseter and anterior temporalis muscles were recorded during multiple tests: standardized maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)s, after transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and at rest. T0 and T1 values were compared with paired Student’s t-test (p < 0.05). Results: Significant differences were found in the activity of right masseter (p = 0.03) and right temporalis (p = 0.02) during clench, in the evaluation of right masseter at rest (p = 0.03), also the muscular activity of masseters at rest after TENS from T0 to T1 (pr = 0.04, pl = 0.04). No significant differences were found in the activity of left masseter (p = 0.41) and left temporalis (p = 0.39) during clench and MVC, in the evaluation of left masseter at rest (p = 0.57) and in the activity during MVC of right masseter (p = 0.41), left masseter (p = 0.34), right temporalis (p = 0.51) and left temporalis (p = 0.77). Results showed that the activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles increased significantly after SARPE during rest and clenching on the side where the cross-bite was treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Farronato
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan, 20142 Milano, Italy; (G.M.T.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Davide Farronato
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via G. Piatti 10, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Aldo Bruno Giannì
- Facial Surgery and Dentistry Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, UOC Maxillo, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20142 Milan, Italy;
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Ludovica Nucci
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi de Crecchio 6, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan, 20142 Milano, Italy; (G.M.T.); (C.M.)
- Facial Surgery and Dentistry Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, UOC Maxillo, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20142 Milan, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Maspero
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan, 20142 Milano, Italy; (G.M.T.); (C.M.)
- Facial Surgery and Dentistry Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, UOC Maxillo, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20142 Milan, Italy;
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Isola G, Lombardi T. Advances in Clinical and Molecular Research of Biomaterials in Dentistry: The New Era for Dental Applications. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154512. [PMID: 35956127 PMCID: PMC9369395 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials in dentistry play a fundamental role in the quality of regeneration mechanisms and in healing following different rehabilitation techniques [...]
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.I.); (T.L.); Tel.: +39-095-378-2638 (G.I.)
| | - Teresa Lombardi
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.I.); (T.L.); Tel.: +39-095-378-2638 (G.I.)
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Class III Orthodontic Camouflage: Is the “Ideal” Treatment Always the Best Option? A Documented Case Report. Case Rep Dent 2022; 2022:9200469. [PMID: 35865552 PMCID: PMC9296280 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9200469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angle's Class III is one of the most complex malocclusions to treat. In nongrowing skeletal class III malocclusions, the choice between orthognathic surgery and camouflage treatment remains a challenge to the orthodontist. In class III borderline cases, clinicians are called to find the best compromise between functional and aesthetics outcomes, with the latter which often turns in avoiding worsening of profile characteristics, which makes the treatment of these patients quite challenging. This case report describes a borderline nongrowing patient with skeletal class III malocclusion, upper incisor proclination and spacing, lower crowding, and arch width discrepancy, which has already undergone previous orthodontic treatment. The orthodontic treatment involved the mandibular first premolar extraction, resulting in class I canine relation with good overjet and overbite as well as good arch coordination. The orthodontic camouflage improved the dental relationship with normalization of upper incisor inclination without a relevant retroclination of lower incisors; the skeletal facial pattern of the patient experienced a slight improvement. The tendency to skeletal class III has remained nearly unaffected. Treatment outcomes were stable after 1-year posttreatment follow-up.
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Lo Giudice A, Ronsivalle V, Gastaldi G, Leonardi R. Assessment of the accuracy of imaging software for 3D rendering of the upper airway, usable in orthodontic and craniofacial clinical settings. Prog Orthod 2022; 23:22. [PMID: 35691961 PMCID: PMC9189077 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-022-00413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several semi-automatic software are available for the three-dimensional reconstruction of the airway from DICOM files. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the segmentation of the upper airway testing four free source and one commercially available semi-automatic software. A total of 20 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were selected to perform semi-automatic segmentation of the upper airway. The software tested were Invesalius, ITK-Snap, Dolphin 3D, 3D Slicer and Seg3D. The same upper airway models were manually segmented (Mimics software) and set as the gold standard (GS) reference of the investigation. A specific 3D imaging technology was used to perform the superimposition between the upper airway model obtained with semi-automatic software and the GS model, and to perform the surface-to-surface matching analysis. The accuracy of semi-automatic segmentation was evaluated calculating the volumetric mean differences (mean bias and limits of agreement) and the percentage of matching of the upper airway models compared to the manual segmentation (GS). Qualitative assessments were performed using color-coded maps. All data were statistically analyzed for software comparisons. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found in the volumetric dimensions of the upper airway models and in the matching percentage among the tested software (p < 0.001). Invesalius was the most accurate software for 3D rendering of the upper airway (mean bias = 1.54 cm3; matching = 90.05%) followed by ITK-Snap (mean bias = - 2.52 cm3; matching = 84.44%), Seg 3D (mean bias = 3.21 cm3, matching = 87.36%), 3D Slicer (mean bias = - 4.77 cm3; matching = 82.08%) and Dolphin 3D (difference mean = - 6.06 cm3; matching = 78.26%). According to the color-coded map, the dis-matched area was mainly located at the most anterior nasal region of the airway. Volumetric data showed excellent inter-software reliability (GS vs semi-automatic software), with coefficient values ranging from 0.904 to 0.993, confirming proportional equivalence with manual segmentation. CONCLUSION Despite the excellent inter-software reliability, different semi-automatic segmentation algorithms could generate different patterns of inaccuracy error (underestimation/overestimation) of the upper airway models. Thus, is unreasonable to expect volumetric agreement among different software packages for the 3D rendering of the upper airway anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Dentistry, Unit of Orthodontics, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario "Gaspare Rodolico - San Marco", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Ronsivalle
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Dentistry, Unit of Orthodontics, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario "Gaspare Rodolico - San Marco", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gastaldi
- Department Orthodontics, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosalia Leonardi
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Dentistry, Unit of Orthodontics, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario "Gaspare Rodolico - San Marco", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Di Stefano M, Polizzi A, Santonocito S, Romano A, Lombardi T, Isola G. Impact of Oral Microbiome in Periodontal Health and Periodontitis: A Critical Review on Prevention and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095142. [PMID: 35563531 PMCID: PMC9103139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin, oral cavity, digestive and reproductive tracts of the human body harbor symbiotic and commensal microorganisms living harmoniously with the host. The oral cavity houses one of the most heterogeneous microbial communities found in the human organism, ranking second in terms of species diversity and complexity only to the gastrointestinal microbiota and including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses. The accumulation of microbial plaque in the oral cavity may lead, in susceptible individuals, to a complex host-mediated inflammatory and immune response representing the primary etiological factor of periodontal damage that occurs in periodontitis. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting about 20-50% of people worldwide and manifesting clinically through the detection of gingival inflammation, clinical attachment loss (CAL), radiographic assessed resorption of alveolar bone, periodontal pockets, gingival bleeding upon probing, teeth mobility and their potential loss in advanced stages. This review will evaluate the changes characterizing the oral microbiota in healthy periodontal tissues and those affected by periodontal disease through the evidence present in the literature. An important focus will be placed on the immediate and future impact of these changes on the modulation of the dysbiotic oral microbiome and clinical management of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Di Stefano
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.I.)
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.I.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (S.S.); Tel.: +39-095-3782638 (A.P. & S.S.)
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.I.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (S.S.); Tel.: +39-095-3782638 (A.P. & S.S.)
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Unit of Hematology, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Teresa Lombardi
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.I.)
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Leonardi RM. 3D Imaging Advancements and New Technologies in Clinical and Scientific Dental and Orthodontic Fields. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082200. [PMID: 35456293 PMCID: PMC9031999 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Maria Leonardi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties-Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario "G. Rodolico- San Marco", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Teleorthodontics: Where Are We Going? From Skepticism to the Clinical Applications of a New Medical Communication and Management System. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:7301576. [PMID: 35154324 PMCID: PMC8825573 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7301576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleorthodontics represents the orthodontic care system involving remote management of orthodontic treatment. Despite skepticism, there are several advantages of including teleorthodontics in the clinical orthodontic practice. In the present review, we discuss the lights and shadows of this new communication healthcare system and its applications in the field of orthodontics that is destined to change the future of our clinical practice. For this purpose, we have provided a point-to-point analysis based on data from the most valuable scientific evidence on this topic. The information and data discussed in the present paper were obtained from the most relevant studies evaluating the performance of teleorthodontics and remote monitoring systems in clinical practice.
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Relationship between Clinical Symptoms and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) Patients Utilizing the Piper MRI Diagnostic System. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204698. [PMID: 34682820 PMCID: PMC8539230 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical problems of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the masticatory musculature are both included in the term temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The purpose of the present study was to examine the pathology of the joints of patients diagnosed with TMD utilizing the dedicated Piper MRI-based classification, and to link these pathologies with various symptoms while considering their severity. In total, 64 patients with clinical TMD were examined. Symptoms were recorded using a questionnaire. The clinical examination included diagnosing the occlusion in centric relation, which was followed by a standardized MRI. It was confirmed that, although they occurred in a high percentage in all classes, muscle pain and occlusal interference are not indicators of TMJ damage. The results indicate that the progressive degradation of the TMJ, represented by qualification to the higher Piper classes, is associated with an increase in TMJ pain only up to a certain stage. For the highest Piper classes, the joint pain occurs in a smaller percentage of patients, but sounds are more frequent.
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De Luca R, Maresca M, Orlandi M, Bruni C, Solanki K, Wang Y, Lepri G, Guiducci S, Melchiorre D, Moggi-Pignone A, Rossi W, De Paulis A, Dzhus M, Matucci-Cerinic M, Bellando-Randone S. The Emerging Challenge of Pain in Systemic Sclerosis: Similarity to the Pain Experience Reported by Sjőgren's Syndrome Patients. RHEUMATOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 2:113-119. [PMID: 36465974 PMCID: PMC9524780 DOI: 10.2478/rir-2021-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the importance of pain in systemic sclerosis (SSc), the characteristics of pain reported by patients with SSc were analyzed and compared with the characteristics of pain reported by patients with primary Sjőgren's syndrome (pSS). Pain was reported by 56 patients (80%) in a group of 70 patients with SSc and by 25 patients (78%) in a group of 32 patients with pSS. Pain severity was assessed by the Pain Rating Index (PRI) and the Present Pain Intensity (PPI) of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and by values obtained by a visual analog scale (VAS) indicating the intensity of pain felt in the moment of the examination and the intensity of pain felt in the week preceding the moment of the examination. No significant difference was detected in the comparison of mean values of pain indices between patients with SSc and patients with pSS and in the comparison among subgroups of patients with SSc. The data indicate that pain is a frequent and important cause of suffering in SSc as in other chronic diseases. The association of different methods may be especially useful to obtain a careful evaluation of pain in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella De Luca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, & Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Maresca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, & Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Orlandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, & Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
| | - Cosimo Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, & Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
| | - Kamal Solanki
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, & Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
- Department of Rheumatology, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Yukai Wang
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, & Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gemma Lepri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, & Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Guiducci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, & Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Melchiorre
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, & Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Moggi-Pignone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, & Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
| | - Wanda Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Amato De Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marta Dzhus
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, & Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, O. Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, & Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bellando-Randone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, & Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
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13
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Benz K, Baulig C, Knippschild S, Strietzel FP, Hunzelmann N, Jackowski J. Prevalence of Oral and Maxillofacial Disorders in Patients with Systemic Scleroderma-A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105238. [PMID: 34069099 PMCID: PMC8156713 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic scleroderma is a rare chronic autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of orofacial pathognomonic conditions in patients with systemic scleroderma using only randomised prospective studies that investigated the treatment of oral and maxillofacial changes, highlighted associations between the disease and Sjogren's syndrome, and/or analysed the effect of oral hygiene. METHODS The literature was systematically reviewed based on Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science articles published up to March 2020. The primary endpoint of this analysis was defined as an estimation of the prevalence of oral mucosal changes in different areas of the oral cavity (oral mucosa, tongue, lip, periodontal status, bones, and other regions) in patients suffering from scleroderma. Therefore, a systematic literature search (Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) was conducted and limited by the publication date (1950-03/2020) and the publication language (English). Extracted frequencies were pooled using methods for meta-analysis. In order to obtain the highest level of evidence, only prospective study reports were considered to be eligible. RESULTS After full-text screening, 14 (766 patients) out of 193 publications were eligible for the final analysis. Twelve studies produced reliable results in the final data sets. Calculation of the pooled effect estimate (random effects model) revealed a prevalence of 57.6% (95% CI: 40.8-72.9%) for the main area "lip". For the area "oral mucosa", a prevalence of 35.5% (95% CI: 15.7-62.0%) was calculated. The prevalence for "other regions" was only based on studies with salivary changes and was calculated to be 25.4% (95% CI: 14.2-41.3%). CONCLUSION The most pathognomonic conditions in the orofacial region in patients with systemic scleroderma affect the lips, oral mucosa, and salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korbinian Benz
- Department of Oral Surgery and Policlinical Ambulance, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 45, 58448 Witten, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-2302-926-678; Fax: +49-2302-926-680
| | - Christine Baulig
- Faculty of Health, Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58448 Witten, Germany; (C.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Stephanie Knippschild
- Faculty of Health, Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58448 Witten, Germany; (C.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Frank Peter Strietzel
- Charité Centre for Dentistry, Department Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité-University Berlin, Assmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Nicolas Hunzelmann
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany;
| | - Jochen Jackowski
- Department of Oral Surgery and Policlinical Ambulance, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 45, 58448 Witten, Germany;
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14
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Fichera G, Ronsivalle V, Zappalà G, Campagna P, Quinzi V, Lo Giudice A. Mandibular Advancement Devices (MAD) as a Treatment Alternative for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Continuous Positive Airways Pressure therapy (CPAP) is the gold standard treatment of the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS), however, the scarce adherence to the therapy requires the evaluation of other therapeutic alternatives.
Objective:
The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of Mandibular Advancement Devices (MAD) in subjects affected by OSAS who had interrupted the treatment with CPAP and to make comparative evaluations.
Methods:
Eighteen subjects (15 males and 3 females), aged between 27 and 60 years, with a diagnosis of moderate to severe OSAS were included. Inclusion criteria: polysomnographic examination before treatment (T0) and after 1 month from the beginning of the therapy with CPAP(T1), interruption of the treatment due to loss of compliance, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaire filled out at T0 and T1. Subjects started the treatment with MAD and polysonnographic examination was prospectively executed after 3 months (T2) and 1 year (T3). One-way analysis of the variance (ANOVA) was used to compare data of polysonnographic examination performed at T0, T1, T2 and T3 as well as the differences of ESS scores recorded at different timing.
Results:
Compared to baseline (T0), all functional parameters tested showed statistically significant differences at T1, T2 and T3 (p < 0.001), meanwhile no differences were found between data recorded after therapy with MAD (T2 and T3) and with CPAP (T1). Similar results were also found with the score of ESS among different timelines (p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that MAD could be a valid alternative for the treatment of OSAS in those patients with scarce adherence to the CPAP therapy.
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de Araújo Vitor CA, de Oliveira Lira Ortega A, Ferreira ACFM, da Silva CAAL, Gallottini MHC, Santos MTBR. Pressure pain threshold of masticatory muscles in children and adolescents with and without intellectual disability: a pilot study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:587-593. [PMID: 33389623 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pain is considered a stressful experience, related to real or possible tissue damage with emotional, sensory, social and cognitive components. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare, using a digital algometer, the pressure pain threshold of temporal and masseter muscles of children and adolescents with and without intellectual disability. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data regarding gender and age were collected from the caregiver of children and adolescents with and without intellectual disability. The evaluations followed this sequence: pressure pain threshold of the masseter and temporal muscles, evaluation of pain on touch using the visual analog scale and signs and symptoms of Temporomandibular disorder. The χ2 test, the Kolgomorov-Smirnov test, Student t test and Mann-Whitney test were performed. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS Two homogeneous groups by gender (P = 0.258) and age (P = 0.727) were evaluated, of which 25 children and adolescents presented intellectual disability and another 25 did not have intellectual disability. No significant difference was observed between groups on the pressure pain threshold of the masseter and temporal muscles, nor pressure average or exam time (P > 0.05). Regarding Temporomandibular dysfunction, no difference in signs or symptoms frequency was found (P > 0.05). However, the range of maximum mouth opening was smaller in the intellectual disability group (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Children and adolescents with intellectual disability and preserved basic functionalities do not present alterations in pain perception when evaluated with computerized pressure algometer and visual analog scale. They present similar threshold of pain to pressure as those reported by normative children and adolescents. These results emphasize the importance to treat these children and adolescents with intellectual disability with respect to their pain threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A de Araújo Vitor
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A de Oliveira Lira Ortega
- Pediatric Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A C F M Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C A-A L da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M H C Gallottini
- The Discipline of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M T B R Santos
- Individuals with Special Needs, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Constantino de Sousa, 454, apto 141, São Paulo, SP, 04605-001, Brazil.
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16
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Branco T, Oliveira LF, Palinkas M, de Vasconcelos PB, Oliveira MC, Simões BP, Regalo IH, Siéssere S, Regalo SCH. Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Therapy of the Subjects with Systemic Sclerosis: Electromyographic Results of the Masticatory Muscles. Prague Med Rep 2020; 121:163-171. [PMID: 33030145 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2020.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal system impairment is a major cause of functional alterations in subjects with systemic sclerosis. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell therapy (AHSCT) may have an important role in the treatment functional of systemic sclerosis patients. The aim of this pilot study was to assess whether AHSCT interferes with the electromyographic activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles of subjects with systemic sclerosis. Before transplantation, seven subjects with systemic sclerosis (mean age [± SD], 40.1 ± 9.6 years) underwent electromyographic analysis of the masseter and temporalis muscles in mandibular tasks at rest, right and left laterality, protrusion and maximum voluntary contraction. Two months after AHSCT, the subjects re-evaluated using the same methods. Data were analyzed using the repeated-measure test, with p<0.05 considered to be statistically significant. Two months after AHSCT, there was reduction in normalized electromyographic activity in the dental clenching in maximal voluntary contraction, with significant differences, for the left temporal muscle (p=0.04). AHSCT in subjects with systemic sclerosis promotes alterations in stomatognathic system function, especially those related to electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamyres Branco
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Palinkas
- Faculty Anhanguera, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. .,National Institute and Technology - Translational Medicine (INCT.TM), São Paulo, Brazil. .,School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Carolina Oliveira
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Belinda Pinto Simões
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Selma Siéssere
- National Institute and Technology - Translational Medicine (INCT.TM), São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Cecilio Hallak Regalo
- National Institute and Technology - Translational Medicine (INCT.TM), São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Lo Giudice A, Quinzi V, Ronsivalle V, Farronato M, Nicotra C, Indelicato F, Isola G. Evaluation of Imaging Software Accuracy for 3-Dimensional Analysis of the Mandibular Condyle. A Comparative Study Using a Surface-to-Surface Matching Technique. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134789. [PMID: 32635238 PMCID: PMC7370104 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of 3D rendering of the mandibular condylar region obtained from different semi-automatic segmentation methodology. A total of 10 Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were selected to perform semi-automatic segmentation of the condyles by using three free-source software (Invesalius, version 3.0.0, Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer, Campinas, SP, Brazil; ITK-Snap, version2.2.0; Slicer 3D, version 4.10.2) and one commercially available software Dolphin 3D (Dolphin Imaging, version 11.0, Chatsworth, CA, USA). The same models were also manually segmented (Mimics, version 17.01, Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) and set as ground truth. The accuracy of semi-automatic segmentation was evaluated by (1) comparing the volume of each semi-automatic 3D rendered condylar model with that obtained with manual segmentation, (2) deviation analysis of each 3D rendered mandibular models with those obtained from manual segmentation. No significant differences were found in the volumetric dimensions of the condylar models among the tested software (p > 0.05). However, the color-coded map showed underestimation of the condylar models obtained with ITK-Snap and Slicer 3D, and overestimation with Dolphin 3D and Invesalius. Excellent reliability was found for both intra-observer and inter-observer readings. Despite the excellent reliability, the present findings suggest that data of condylar morphology obtained with semi-automatic segmentation should be taken with caution when an accurate definition of condylar boundaries is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.L.G.); (V.R.); (C.N.)
| | - Vincenzo Quinzi
- Post Graduate School of Orthodontics, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, V.le San Salvatore, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Ronsivalle
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.L.G.); (V.R.); (C.N.)
| | - Marco Farronato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Carmelo Nicotra
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.L.G.); (V.R.); (C.N.)
| | - Francesco Indelicato
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Section of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Section of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-3782453
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18
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Lo Giudice A, Ronsivalle V, Grippaudo C, Lucchese A, Muraglie S, Lagravère MO, Isola G. One Step before 3D Printing-Evaluation of Imaging Software Accuracy for 3-Dimensional Analysis of the Mandible: A Comparative Study Using a Surface-to-Surface Matching Technique. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13122798. [PMID: 32575875 PMCID: PMC7345160 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The accuracy of 3D reconstructions of the craniomaxillofacial region using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is important for the morphological evaluation of specific anatomical structures. Moreover, an accurate segmentation process is fundamental for the physical reconstruction of the anatomy (3D printing) when a preliminary simulation of the therapy is required. In this regard, the objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of four different types of software for the semiautomatic segmentation of the mandibular jaw compared to manual segmentation, used as a gold standard. Twenty cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with a manual approach (Mimics) and a semi-automatic approach (Invesalius, ITK-Snap, Dolphin 3D, Slicer 3D) were selected for the segmentation of the mandible in the present study. The accuracy of semi-automatic segmentation was evaluated: (1) by comparing the mandibular volumes obtained with semi-automatic 3D rendering and manual segmentation and (2) by deviation analysis between the two mandibular models. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate differences in mandibular volumetric recordings and for a deviation analysis among the different software types used. Linear regression was also performed between manual and semi-automatic methods. No significant differences were found in the total volumes among the obtained 3D mandibular models (Mimics = 40.85 cm3, ITK-Snap = 40.81 cm3, Invesalius = 40.04 cm3, Dolphin 3D = 42.03 cm3, Slicer 3D = 40.58 cm3). High correlations were found between the semi-automatic segmentation and manual segmentation approach, with R coefficients ranging from 0,960 to 0,992. According to the deviation analysis, the mandibular models obtained with ITK-Snap showed the highest matching percentage (Tolerance A = 88.44%, Tolerance B = 97.30%), while those obtained with Dolphin 3D showed the lowest matching percentage (Tolerance A = 60.01%, Tolerance B = 87.76%) (p < 0.05). Colour-coded maps showed that the area of greatest mismatch between semi-automatic and manual segmentation was the condylar region and the region proximate to the dental roots. Despite the fact that the semi-automatic segmentation of the mandible showed, in general, high reliability and high correlation with the manual segmentation, caution should be taken when evaluating the morphological and dimensional characteristics of the condyles either on CBCT-derived digital models or physical models (3D printing).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario “Vittorio Emanuele—G. Rodolico”, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.L.G.); (V.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Ronsivalle
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario “Vittorio Emanuele—G. Rodolico”, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.L.G.); (V.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Cristina Grippaudo
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Sacred Heart of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Lucchese
- Department of Orthodontics, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 10,090 Milan, Italy;
| | - Simone Muraglie
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario “Vittorio Emanuele—G. Rodolico”, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.L.G.); (V.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Manuel O. Lagravère
- Orthodontic Graduate Program, ECHA 5-524, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G1Z1, Canada;
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario “Vittorio Emanuele—G. Rodolico”, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.L.G.); (V.R.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0953-782-453
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19
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Fichera G, Polizzi A, Scapellato S, Palazzo G, Indelicato F. Craniomandibular Disorders in Pregnant Women: An Epidemiological Survey. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2020; 5:E36. [PMID: 33467252 PMCID: PMC7739292 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk5020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder has been reported to be 1.5 to two times more common in women than men. Such a gender-based difference could be attributed to behavioral, hormonal, anatomical, and psychological characteristics. Physiological hormonal differences between genders could be one of the possible explanations for the higher incidence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in women. As the plasma level of certain female hormones increases during gestation, it could be assumed that there is a higher prevalence of dysfunctional signs and symptoms in pregnant women. We performed an epidemiological survey based on screening for TMD in a group of 108 pregnant women and found that 72% of young women reported significant signs of TMJ disorders, 9% of the young women reported mild signs of TMJ disorders, and 19% of the included subjects reported no signs or symptoms of TMD. The presence of estrogen receptors in the temporomandibular joint of female baboons could be the basis of an explanation for the increased prevalence of dysfunction in young women reported in the literature and the high feedback we have seen of joint noises in pregnant women. On the basis of the present findings, it could be assumed that gestation period could represent a risk factor for craniomandibular dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Fichera
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.F.); (S.S.); (G.P.); (F.I.)
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.F.); (S.S.); (G.P.); (F.I.)
| | - Simone Scapellato
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.F.); (S.S.); (G.P.); (F.I.)
- Department of Biomedical, Odontostomatological Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palazzo
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.F.); (S.S.); (G.P.); (F.I.)
| | - Francesco Indelicato
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.F.); (S.S.); (G.P.); (F.I.)
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20
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Lanteri V, Farronato M, Ugolini A, Cossellu G, Gaffuri F, Parisi FMR, Cavagnetto D, Abate A, Maspero C. Volumetric Changes in the Upper Airways after Rapid and Slow Maxillary Expansion in Growing Patients: A Case-Control Study. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13102239. [PMID: 32414070 PMCID: PMC7287613 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim is to evaluate changes in the volume of the upper airways before and after slow maxillary expansion (SME) obtained with the flexible properties of a nickel titanium leaf spring and rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with a conventional Hyrax appliance in growing patients. The records of 1200 orthodontic patients undergoing maxillary expansion from 2018 to 2019 were analyzed; among these pre and post treatment CBCT scans of 22 patients (mean age 8.2 ± 0.6 years old) treated by SME were compared with those obtained from 22 patients (mean age 8.1 ± 0.7 years old) treated by RME banded on the second primary molars. The following inclusion criteria were used: Maxillary transverse constriction, good general health, and no previous orthodontic treatment. Volumes of nasal cavity (NCavV), nasopharynx (NsPxV), and right and left maxillary sinuses (MSV) were calculated with ITK-SNAP. Shapiro–Wilk test revealed a normal distribution of data in each group. Paired t-test was used for within-group comparisons and independent t-test for between-group comparisons. Statistically significant increases occurred in NCavV, NsPxV, and MSVs after treatment with both appliances. No statistically significant difference between the appliances occurred in NCavV, NsPxV, and MSVs. Method error was considered negligible (mean intra-operator and inter-operator intraclass correlation coefficient were 0.928 and 0.911, respectively). It appears that both appliances produce similar effects on the different segments of the upper airway tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lanteri
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (V.L.); (M.F.); (G.C.); (F.G.); (F.M.R.P.); (D.C.); (A.A.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Farronato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (V.L.); (M.F.); (G.C.); (F.G.); (F.M.R.P.); (D.C.); (A.A.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ugolini
- Department of Sciences Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Gianguido Cossellu
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (V.L.); (M.F.); (G.C.); (F.G.); (F.M.R.P.); (D.C.); (A.A.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Gaffuri
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (V.L.); (M.F.); (G.C.); (F.G.); (F.M.R.P.); (D.C.); (A.A.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Rita Parisi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (V.L.); (M.F.); (G.C.); (F.G.); (F.M.R.P.); (D.C.); (A.A.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Cavagnetto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (V.L.); (M.F.); (G.C.); (F.G.); (F.M.R.P.); (D.C.); (A.A.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Abate
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (V.L.); (M.F.); (G.C.); (F.G.); (F.M.R.P.); (D.C.); (A.A.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Maspero
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (V.L.); (M.F.); (G.C.); (F.G.); (F.M.R.P.); (D.C.); (A.A.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-338-334-4999
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Lo Giudice A, Rustico L, Ronsivalle V, Spinuzza P, Polizzi A, Bellocchio AM, Scapellato S, Portelli M, Nucera R. A Full Diagnostic Process for the Orthodontic Treatment Strategy: A Documented Case Report. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8020041. [PMID: 32384632 PMCID: PMC7346007 DOI: 10.3390/dj8020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for extractions in orthodontic treatment has always been a controversial topic. However, to date there is not a specific clinical guideline that can help the clinicians deciding to plan an extractive or a non-extractive orthodontic treatment. In this respect, clinicians must deal with patients’ occlusal, functional, periodontal and aesthetics characteristics before planning an orthodontic treatment including extraction. Considering the absence of specific guidelines, the choice to extract teeth or not is complicated, particularly in borderline cases. In this case report, we present a borderline case of a patient with the skeletal Class III pattern and significant crowding in both arches that could be treated with or without extraction, illustrating the diagnostic and decision-making processes that were conducted for the orthodontic treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties—Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario “V. Emanuele,” Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.L.G.); (V.R.); (A.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Rustico
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario “G. Martino,” Via Consolare Valeria, 98123 Messina, Italy; (P.S.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (R.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vincenzo Ronsivalle
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties—Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario “V. Emanuele,” Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.L.G.); (V.R.); (A.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Paola Spinuzza
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario “G. Martino,” Via Consolare Valeria, 98123 Messina, Italy; (P.S.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (R.N.)
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties—Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario “V. Emanuele,” Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.L.G.); (V.R.); (A.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Angela Mirea Bellocchio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario “G. Martino,” Via Consolare Valeria, 98123 Messina, Italy; (P.S.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (R.N.)
| | - Simone Scapellato
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties—Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario “V. Emanuele,” Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.L.G.); (V.R.); (A.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Marco Portelli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario “G. Martino,” Via Consolare Valeria, 98123 Messina, Italy; (P.S.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (R.N.)
| | - Riccardo Nucera
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario “G. Martino,” Via Consolare Valeria, 98123 Messina, Italy; (P.S.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (R.N.)
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22
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The Efficacy of Retention Appliances after Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10093107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to evaluate the amount of the relapse of anterior crowding and the efficacy of retention appliances by reviewing the best available scientific evidence. A survey of articles published up to November 2019 about the stability of dental alignment and retention after fixed orthodontic treatment was performed using seven electronic databases. Study Selection: Only randomized clinical trials investigating patients previously treated with multi-bracket appliances with a follow-up period longer than 6 months were included. Data Extraction: Two authors independently performed the study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. All pooled data analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated. In total, eight randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included, grouping data from 987 patients. The ages of the patients varied across the studies, ranging between 13 and 17 years. The observation period ranged between 6 and 24 months. The data showed no significant intercanine width modifications during the retention period with both fixed and removable retainers. A significant modification of Little’s Index was found for the mandibular removable retainers with a mean difference of 0.72 mm (95% Cl, 0.47 to 0.98) and for the maxillary removable retainers with a mean difference of 0.48 mm (95% Cl, 0.27 to 0.68). No significant changes were found by evaluating Little’s Index modification for the mandibular fixed retainers. The results of this meta-analysis showed that all the considered retainers were effective in maintaining dental alignment after fixed orthodontic treatment. However, fixed retainers showed greater efficacy compared to removable retainers.
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Evaluation of condylar cortical bone thickness in patient groups with different vertical facial dimensions using cone-beam computed tomography. Odontology 2020; 108:669-675. [PMID: 32236830 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate through computed tomography differences in cortical plate thickness of condyle in patients with a different facial vertical skeletal pattern. The final sample of this retrospective study included CBCT exams of 60 adult subjects (mean age 33.2 ± 5.6), selected from the digital archive of a private practice. The subjects were assigned to 3 different groups according to the values of the Frankfurt-mandibular plane angle: hyper-, normo-, and hypodivergent groups. The volume rendering of the mandible was obtained and three condylar points were marked on it: median pole, lateral pole and the most cranial point. For each considered reference point, the minimum distance between external and internal cortical surface was measured, obtaining three different outcomes: condylar cortical bone thickness of median pole (CCBToMP), lateral pole (CCBToLP) and cranial pole (CCBToCP). The measurements were executed by means of Mimics software by the same expert operator in specific scan views. The cortical bone thickness of hyperdivergent patients was found to be statistically thicker than normodivergent patients and hypodivergent patients. Cortical bone thickness of normodivergent patients was found thicker than hypodivergent patients. All the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The Pearson correlation coefficient showed a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.001) between the Frankfurt-mandibular plane angle and the evaluated cortical bone thickness outcomes. Facial biotype characteristics that define vertical facial skeletal pattern affect the cortical bone thickness of mandibular condyle.
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A Comparative Assessment of Pain Caused by the Placement of Banded Orthodontic Appliances with and without Low-Level Laser Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Prospective Study. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8010024. [PMID: 32143365 PMCID: PMC7148524 DOI: 10.3390/dj8010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients still refuse or discontinue orthodontic treatment due to related pain and discomfort. In this study, we investigate if low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can reduce pain caused by orthodontic bands. Sixty subjects who needed bands placed on the upper permanent first molars were assigned randomly to the LLLT group, placebo, and control groups. Inclusion criteria were: age range 10–14 years, fully erupted upper first molars in healthy condition, presence of tight mesial proximal contact. Exclusion criteria were: systemic or metabolic diseases, chronic pain or neurological or psychiatric disorders, use of pharmacological agents interfering with pain perception, previous orthodontic treatment or the simultaneous presence of other devices in the patient’s mouth. The assessment of pain was performed by using a numeric rating scale (NRS) considering different time intervals, i.e., immediately after bands placement, 6 h, 24 h, and from day 2 to day 5. Differences in the maximum pain and in pain experienced at each time-point, among the three groups, was assessed by using the Kruskal–Wallis H. The final sample included 56 patients, 29 males, and 27 females, with a mean age of 12.03 ± 1.3 years. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups (tested, control, and placebo group) with each group consisting respectively of 19, 20, and 17 individuals. Subjects in the LLLT experienced less pain at each time interval as well as the maximum pain score being lower in the LLLT compared to control and placebo groups. These findings were all statistically significant (p < 0.05). LLLT can alleviate the intensity of pain after the placement of orthodontic bands.
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Isola G. Antibiotics and Antimicrobials for Treatment of the Oral Microbiota: Myths and Facts in Research and Clinical Practice. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9020095. [PMID: 32098288 PMCID: PMC7167861 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the dental field, the most common oral diseases include periodontitis, apical periodontitis, abscesses, phlegmons and pulpits, all of which are determined by the same aetiological factor, bacterial infections. For these reasons, it is important to choose the right approach through a target antibiotic therapy against oral bacteria. More specifically, during periodontitis, antibiotics are used, often in association with periodontal debridement, to reduce disease-associated periodontopathogens. However, international guidelines are not unanimous in recommending the use of local and/or systemic antimicrobials to reduce infection by oral bacteria, especially in cases in which there is a danger of spreading systemic infection such as cellulitis, diffuse swelling, and abscesses. The lack of consensus is mainly due to the side effects of antibiotic therapy in dentistry, maybe due to recent scientific evidence regarding the development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, the purpose of this editorial is to analyze the therapeutic effects of antibiotics against the main forms of oral and periodontal diseases, and whether there is a significant clinical benefit, especially in the long term, of antimicrobial therapies in dentistry. The most recent evidence regarding antimicrobial agents will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Unit of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
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Frequency and type of ponticulus posticus in a longitudinal sample of nonorthodontically treated patients: relationship with gender, age, skeletal maturity, and skeletal malocclusion. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 126:291-297. [PMID: 29937361 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and type of ponticulus posticus and to evaluate its relationship to gender, chronologic age, skeletal maturity, and skeletal malocclusion. STUDY DESIGN The sample included the longitudinal lateral cephalograms of 734 patients (378 males and 356 females) retrieved from the American Association of Orthodontists Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collection. The presence of ponticulus posticus (complete and partial forms) was assessed by visual inspection, and the cervical vertebral maturation method was used to determine the skeletal maturation stage. The presence and type (complete or partial) of ponticulus posticus were assessed by gender, age at first appearance of ponticulus posticus, skeletal maturation stage as determined by the cervical vertebral maturation method, and skeletal malocclusion. RESULTS The overall prevalence of ponticulus posticus was 12.6% (93 of 734) with complete and partial forms observed respectively in 8.7% (64 of 734) and 3.9% (29 of 734) of the sample. Both forms of ponticulus posticus occurred mainly in the age range of 7 to 13 years (P = .04). No differences were found in groups based on gender, skeletal maturity stages, or skeletal malocclusion (P > .05). However, approximately 90% of ponticulus posticus occurred before and after the circumpubertal stage. CONCLUSIONS Ponticulus posticus should be expected mainly during childhood and the pubertal age. This may support the theory of a genetic cause of this vertebral anomaly.
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