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Li J, Yang G, Liu J, Li G, Zhou H, He Y, Fei X, Zhao D. Integrating transcriptomics, eQTL, and Mendelian randomization to dissect monocyte roles in severe COVID-19 and gout flare. Front Genet 2024; 15:1385316. [PMID: 39385934 PMCID: PMC11461236 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1385316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are considerable similarities between the pathophysiology of gout flare and the dysregulated inflammatory response in severe COVID-19 infection. Monocytes are the key immune cells involved in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Therefore, it is critical to elucidate the molecular basis of the function of monocytes in gout and COVID-19 in order to develop more effective therapeutic approaches. Methods The single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data of gout and severe COVID-19 were comprehensively analyzed. Cellular heterogeneity and intercellular communication were identified using the scRNA-seq datasets, and the monocyte-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between COVID-19, gout and normal subjects were screened. In addition, the correlation of the DEGs with severe COVID-19 and gout flare was analyzed through GWAS statistics and eQTL data. Results The scRNA-seq analysis exhibited that the proportion of classical monocytes was increased in both severe COVID-19 and gout patient groups compared to healthy controls. Differential expression analysis and MR analysis showed that NLRP3 was positively associated with the risk of severe COVID-19 and involved 11 SNPs, of which rs4925547 was not significantly co-localized. In contrast, IER3 was positively associated with the risk of gout and involved 9 SNPs, of which rs1264372 was significantly co-localized. Discussion Monocytes have a complex role in gout flare and severe COVID-19, which underscores the potential mechanisms and clinical significance of the interaction between the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guixian Yang
- Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Junnan Liu
- Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guofeng Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huiling Zhou
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuan He
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinru Fei
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dongkai Zhao
- Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Patel H, Basra M, Muralidhar R, Demory Beckler M, Kesselman MM. Exploring the Relationship of SARS-CoV-2 and Uric Acid Levels With a Focus on Gout Patients: A Scoping Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e57138. [PMID: 38686242 PMCID: PMC11057641 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases are a group of conditions including arthritis and various other conditions that can lead to chronic inflammation within the musculoskeletal system, which can have negative effects on soft tissues, bones, muscles, joints, and connective tissue. One form of arthritis is gout, which is an inflammatory condition in which urate acid crystals build up in joints. Gout is associated with joint swelling, pain, redness, and joint mobility issues. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent joint degradation and other adverse complications. The condition has been shown to increase the incidence of diseases outside the musculoskeletal system, including the renal and cardiovascular systems. Comorbid conditions associated with gout include but are not limited to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and heart failure. This systematic review aims to provide insight into the relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, uric acid levels, and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemangi Patel
- Sports Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Mahi Basra
- Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Clearwater, USA
| | - Rohit Muralidhar
- Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Michelle Demory Beckler
- Microbiology and Immunology, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Marc M Kesselman
- Rheumatology, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Davie, USA
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Sun ZG, Wu KX, Ullah I, Zhu HL. Recent Advances in Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1177-1186. [PMID: 37711003 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230913091558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid is a product of purine nucleotide metabolism, and high concentrations of uric acid can lead to hyperuricemia, gout and other related diseases. Xanthine oxidase, the only enzyme that catalyzes xanthine and hypoxanthine into uric acid, has become a target for drug development against hyperuricemia and gout. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase can reduce the production of uric acid, so xanthine oxidase inhibitors are used to treat hyperuricemia and related diseases, including gout. In recent years, researchers have obtained new xanthine oxidase inhibitors through drug design, synthesis, or separation of natural products. This paper summarizes the research on xanthine oxidase inhibitors since 2015, mainly including natural products, pyrimidine derivatives, triazole derivatives, isonicotinamide derivatives, chalcone derivatives, furan derivatives, coumarin derivatives, pyrazole derivatives, and imidazole derivatives, hoping to provide valuable information for the research and development of novel xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Sun
- Central Laboratory, Linyi Central Hospital, No. 17 Jiankang Road, Linyi, 276400, China
| | - Kai-Xiang Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, No. 133 Hehua Road, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Inam Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Linyi Central Hospital, No. 17 Jiankang Road, Linyi, 276400, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Li D, Zhao B, Zhuang P, Mei X. Development of nanozymes for promising alleviation of COVID-19-associated arthritis. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5781-5796. [PMID: 37475700 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00095h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been identified as a culprit in the development of a variety of disorders, including arthritis. Although the emergence of arthritis following SARS-CoV-2 infection may not be immediately discernible, its underlying pathogenesis is likely to involve a complex interplay of infections, oxidative stress, immune responses, abnormal production of inflammatory factors, cellular destruction, etc. Fortunately, recent advancements in nanozymes with enzyme-like activities have shown potent antiviral effects and the ability to inhibit oxidative stress and cytokines and provide immunotherapeutic effects while also safeguarding diverse cell populations. These adaptable nanozymes have already exhibited efficacy in treating common types of arthritis, and their distinctive synergistic therapeutic effects offer great potential in the fight against arthritis associated with COVID-19. In this comprehensive review, we explore the potential of nanozymes in alleviating arthritis following SARS-CoV-2 infection by neutralizing the underlying factors associated with the disease. We also provide a detailed analysis of the common therapeutic pathways employed by these nanozymes and offer insights into how they can be further optimized to effectively address COVID-19-associated arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Testing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China.
| | - Pengfei Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
| | - Xifan Mei
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Testing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China.
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Kim JH, Kwon MJ, Choi HG, Lee SJ, Hwang S, Lee J, Lee SH, Lee JW. Changes in the mean incidence and variance of orthopedic diseases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea: a retrospective study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:540. [PMID: 37393227 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the amount of moderate- to high-intensity physical activity significantly decreased. Therefore, the epidemiology of musculoskeletal diseases could possibly have changed. We assessed changes in the incidence of and variance in non-traumatic orthopedic diseases before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. METHODS This study included data from the Korea National Health Insurance Service, which covers the entire Korean population (approximately 50 million), from January 2018 to June 2021. Using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes, 12 common orthopedic diseases were evaluated, including cervical disc disorders, lumbar disc disorders, forward head posture, myofascial pain syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome, tennis elbow, frozen shoulder, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, hip fracture, distal radius fracture, and spine fracture diseases. "Pre-COVID-19" was the period until February 2020, and "COVID-19 pandemic period" was the period starting March 2020. Differences in the mean incidence and variance of diseases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were compared. RESULTS In most cases, the incidence of orthopedic diseases decreased at the beginning of the pandemic and then increased thereafter. Among the 12 diseases, the incidence of three diseases showed a statistically significant change. The incidence of myofascial pain syndrome (P < 0.001) was lower during the COVID-19 pandemic than during the pre-COVID-19 period. The incidences of frozen shoulder (P < 0.001) and gout (P = 0.043) were higher during the COVID-19 pandemic than during the pre-COVID-19 period. However, no statistical difference in disease variations was observed between the two periods. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of orthopedic diseases varied during the COVID-19 pandemic among the Korean population. Although the incidence of myofascial pain syndrome was lower, that of frozen shoulder and gout was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic than during the pre-COVID-19 period. No disease variations during the COVID-19 pandemic were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hee Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | | | - Sang Jun Lee
- Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20, Ilsan-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Sangwon Hwang
- Artificial Intelligence Bigdata Medical Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20, Ilsan-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20, Ilsan-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - San-Hui Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20, Ilsan-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Jung Woo Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20, Ilsan-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea.
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Singh JA, Edwards NL. Gout management and outcomes during established COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021: a cross-sectional Internet survey. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2022; 14:1759720X221096381. [PMID: 35586516 PMCID: PMC9109485 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x221096381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the management of gout in established COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We assessed medication use, health care utilization, gout-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL), psychological distress using Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), resilience, illness perception, and health literacy in people with physician-diagnosed self-reported gout in established COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional Internet survey. Results Among the 130 survey respondents with gout, the mean age was 62.8 years, 65% were male, 83% were White, 59% were prescribed urate-lowering therapy (ULT), and health literacy was adequate in 80%. A third of survey respondents reported more difficulty with their gout management since September 2020. Gout-specific HRQOL deficits were evident. Moderate-severe psychological distress was seen in 22%, and resilience score was 6.5 [standard deviation (SD), 1.9; range, 0-8]. Adjusted for age and sex, compared with no/mild psychological distress, moderate-severe psychological distress was associated with significantly higher odds ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval) of more difficulty with (1) getting health care for gout in clinic, 3.7 (1.0, 13.2); emergency room/urgent care, 8.1 (1.4, 45.0); and in the hospital, 9.8 (1.6, 59.6); (2) getting gout flares treated, 6.6 (1.6, 26.8); (3) avoiding gout complications, 4.5 (1.2, 16.7); and (4) daily activities at home, 4.2 (1.3, 14.1), and performing work, 4.1 (1.2, 13.6). Conclusion Respondents with gout reported health care gaps, low rates of ULT prescription, high psychological distress, and HRQOL deficits during established COVID-19 pandemic. Moderate-severe psychological distress was associated with difficulties in health care access and gout management. Interventions to address these challenges in gout management are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder A. Singh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine,
University of Alabama, Faculty Office Tower 805B, 510 20th Street S,
Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Medicine Service, Birmingham VA Medical Center,
Birmingham, AL, USA
- Division of Epidemiology at School of Public
Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - N. Lawrence Edwards
- Department of Medicine, Division of
Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, University of Florida, Gainesville,
FL, USA
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