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Roy S, Sarkar T, Upadhye VJ, Chakraborty R. Comprehensive Review on Fruit Seeds: Nutritional, Phytochemical, Nanotechnology, Toxicity, Food Biochemistry, and Biotechnology Perspective. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:4472-4643. [PMID: 37755640 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Fruit seeds are leftovers from a variety of culinary sectors. They are generally unutilized and contribute greatly to global disposals. These seeds not only possess various nutritional attributes but also have many heath-beneficial properties. One way to make use of these seeds is to extract their bioactive components and create fortified food items. Nowadays, researchers are highly interested in creating innovative functional meals and food components from these unconventional resources. The main objective of this manuscript was to determine the usefulness of seed powder from 70 highly consumed fruits, including Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Banana, Blackberry, Blackcurrant, Blueberry, Cherry, Common plum, Cranberry, Gooseberry, Jackfruit, Jamun, Kiwi, Lemon, Mahua, Mango, Melon, Olive, Orange, and many more have been presented. The nutritional attributes, phytochemical composition, health advantages, nanotechnology applications, and toxicity of these fruit seeds have been fully depicted. This study also goes into in-depth detailing on creating useful food items out of these seeds, such as bakery goods, milk products, cereal-based goods, and meat products. It also identifies enzymes purified from these seeds along with their biochemical applications and any research openings in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Roy
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Govt. of West Bengal, Malda, 732102, India.
| | | | - Runu Chakraborty
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Mustafa I, Chin NL. Antioxidant Properties of Dried Ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong. Foods 2023; 12:foods12010178. [PMID: 36613394 PMCID: PMC9818862 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a popular culinary herb used in the Eastern culture. The essential cultivar of the Zingiber genus is rich in antioxidants and is crucial in the fight against oxidative stress-related diseases. The antioxidant properties of dried ginger were evaluated and compared for their efficacy from different drying processes (sun-, oven-, vacuum- and freeze-drying) and using three extraction solvents: hot water, aqueous ethanol (80%, v/v) and ethanol. The drying process demonstrated a positive effect on the antioxidant activities of ginger. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the extracting ability of each solvent. Sun-dried ginger extracted with ethanol performed better than the fresh ginger extract in the form of increased yield (3.04-fold), TFC values (12.25-fold), reducing power (FRAP) (15.35-fold), total antioxidant activity (TAA) (6.82-fold) and inhibition of ABTS•+ radical cation (3.51-fold) and DPPH• radical (95%). Meanwhile, freeze-dried aqueous ginger extracts demonstrated significantly higher TPC (1.66-fold), TFC (3.71-fold), FRAP (3.26-fold), TAA (2.97-fold), ABTS•+ scavenging activity (1.48-fold) and DPPH• radical inhibition (77%), compared to fresh ginger extracts. In addition, it was found that ethanol was significantly superior to aqueous ethanol in phenolic content recovery, despite the lower yield. Furthermore, ethanol ginger extracts exhibited higher antioxidant activity than aqueous ethanol extracts. On the other hand, hot water was the least potent solvent for extraction. In summary, there was an excellent correlation between TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity. Sun-drying is the most desirable method for preserving and enhancing ginger quality due to its cost effectiveness and bioactive compound efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iswaibah Mustafa
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Terengganu, Bukit Besi Campus, Dungun 23200, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nyuk Ling Chin
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-89766353; Fax: +60-3-89464440
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Investigation on Nutritional, Phytochemical, and Antioxidant Abilities of Various Traditional Rice Varieties. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2719-2742. [PMID: 36435898 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a popular grain that is consumed by almost half of the world's population. Rice has several distinct breeds classified as traditional and ancient grains. The consumption of rice by 60% of the world's population is a staple food. Entire grain rice, often known as brown rice, is the unpolished counterpart of white rice, containing bran, germ, and endosperm. Eating whole-grain rice is linked to many health benefits; thus, scientists have focused on identifying and quantifying bioactive chemicals in this meal. The present study assessed the physio-chemical, cooking attributes, mineral contents, phytochemicals, and free radical scavenging capabilities of conventional rice cultivars using known approaches according to particle size analysis. Rice grain lengths varied between 4.10 ± 16 and 6.20 ± 007. The length and thickness ratios of rice were not substantially different (p > 0.05). Kattuyanam has the maximum protein content (9.99 ± 06%) of all the rice varieties that were physio-chemical investigated. It also has highest phenolic content and antioxidant properties compared to gallic acid equivalent (334.900 ± 61 g) (GAE)/100 g, followed by anthocyanins and flavonoids. Total phenolic content and phenolic fractions of the HPLC profile in tested landraces indicate the presence of bioactive substances derived from traditional rice cultivars and a range of phytonutrients, including phenol, revealing their healthy potentials in the present study.
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Rahman SS, Chowdhury SN, Salauddin M, Hosen Z, Karim MR, Rouf SMA. Comparative studies on nutrient content and antidiabetic effects of sugar palm (Borassus flabellifer) fruit pulp & endosperm on rats. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2021.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Mahendiran B, Muthusamy S, Selvakumar R, Rajeswaran N, Sampath S, Jaisankar SN, Krishnakumar GS. Decellularized natural 3D cellulose scaffold derived from Borassus flabellifer (Linn.) as extracellular matrix for tissue engineering applications. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118494. [PMID: 34420749 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Borassus flabellifer (Linn.) (BF) immature endosperm was decellularized to produce three dimensional (3D) cellulose scaffolds that can support mammalian 3D cell culture. To this regard, we first evaluated the chemical composition, nutritive profile and pharmacological activities of BF endosperm. The results demonstrated that the BF tissue represented a complex concoction of polysaccharides with intrinsic phyto-ingredients which provide excellent pharmacological properties. Furthermore cellulosic scaffolds (CS) obtained from BF was treated with chitosan to produce cellulose-chitosan (CS/CHI) hybrid scaffolds. The comparative investigation on both scaffolds exhibited adequate swelling with controlled porosity and pore-size distribution. The physiochemical characterization showed reduced biodegradation, improved thermal stability and enhanced compressive strength in CS/CHI group. Biological studies reported favorable adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts with evident cellular penetration and colonization on the both scaffolds. Taken together, plant derived cellulosic scaffolds could be used as an alternative scaffolding material in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Mahendiran
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shalini Muthusamy
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Selvakumar
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narmadha Rajeswaran
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowndarya Sampath
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S N Jaisankar
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Tusskorn O, Pansuksan K, Machana K. Borassus flabellifer L. crude male flower extracts alleviate cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in rat kidney cells. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.303607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Rahman SS, Yasmin N, Kamruzzaman M, Islam MR, Karim MR, Rouf SM. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of the immature endosperm of sugar palm (Borassus flabellifer) fruit on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients-a case study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1317-1322. [PMID: 32755829 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the nutrient contents and the anti-hyperglycemic effect of the immature endosperm of sugar palm (IESP) (Borassus flabellifer L.) fruit on type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS This is a short type case study where patients (n = 30) with T2DM were randomly selected and fed IESP (100 mL) twice a day after a regular meal and continued this experiment up to 4th weeks. RESULT The mean fasting blood glucose (FBG) level was markedly reduced from 1st week (15.74 mmol/L) to 4th week (10.53 mmol/L) among the patients who had normal body mass index (18.5-24.9). Only 16.67% diabetic patients had irregular FBG levels where 10% were in the previous stages after finishing the experimental period, and exceptionally in the case of 6.67% diabetic patients, this therapeutic juice was unsuccessful because of their irregular intake of insulin. The IESP was more effective on female (p ≤ 0.001) patients than males (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION The IESP could be considered as anti-hyperglycemic fruit, and this might be due to its nutrient contents, especially phytochemicals, fiber, sodium, potassium, copper, and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh Shahinur Rahman
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Nilufar Yasmin
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamruzzaman
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezwanul Islam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Karim
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Shakh Ma Rouf
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh.
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Yong Y, Haiqal Ismail M, Rasyidah Badrulhisham N, Lim V, Nurdin A, Harith H. Comparison of antioxidant levels and anti-inflammatory activities of kelulut honey harvested at different month of intervals and its chemical compositions. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_451_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Optimisation of enzymatic extraction and characterization of palm (Borassus flabellifer) juice. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Alamelumangai M, Dhanalakshmi J, Mathumitha M, Renganayaki RS, Muthukumaran P, Saraswathy N. In vitro studies on phytochemical evaluation and antimicrobial activity of Borassus flabellifer Linn against some human pathogens. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7S1:S182-5. [PMID: 25312117 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect preliminary phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of seed coat of Borassus flabellifer (B. flabellifer) against some human pathogens. METHODS The antimicrobial activity of the organic solvent extracts of seed coat of B. flabellifer against various test microorganisms including bacteria and fungi was investigated using agar well diffusion technique. RESULTS The preliminary phytochemical screening of the aqueous, methanoic and ethanolic extracts of seed coat of B. flabellifer revealed the presence of certain phytochemicals like tannins, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides and terpenoids. The zone of inhibition of methanolic extracts varied from 16 to 23 mm where as with ethanol extracts from 14 to 23 mm and aqueous extracts from 10 to 15 mm at 50 mg/mL concentrations. Among all tested organisms, Aspergillus brasiliensis and Bacillus subtilis showed a higher rate of inhibition with ethanolic and methanolic extracts of B. flabellifer. CONCLUSIONS B. flabellifer exhibited higher rate of growth inhibition against some human pathogens, so it can be used for treatment of some infectious diseases. Further studies are being carried out to separate and purify the individual compounds that are present in seed coat of B. flabellifer by using various chromatographic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumar Alamelumangai
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641 049, India
| | - Jothi Dhanalakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641 049, India
| | - Manohar Mathumitha
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641 049, India
| | | | - Peraman Muthukumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641 049, India.
| | - Nachimuthu Saraswathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641 049, India
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