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Alshehri B. The geranium genus: A comprehensive study on ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical compounds, and pharmacological importance. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103940. [PMID: 38371877 PMCID: PMC10873751 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The geranium genus consists of about 400 species, which have been utilized for a long time in ancient medical practices throughout the world. As a result, herbal medications based on species are commonly utilized to treat a range of illnesses. This investigation aims to provide an extensive assessment of the literature on the phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal and pharmacological importance of the genus Geranium. Data were collected through systemic computer searches among the most reputable scientific databases, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Occasionally, information published as peer-reviewed literature was added to data from sources that these databases do not include. This review includes all published works through the end of 2022. The assessment of the biological characteristics of medicinal plant species in the genus Geranium has received a great deal of attention, primarily in the last 20 years, in tandem with the growing interest in herbal remedies in general. The detailed and systematic comparative analysis presented here provides valuable information on the current Geranium species. It paves the way for other beneficial species of Geranium to be studied in the fields of ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and new drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Almajmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
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Antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity of Geraniaceae plant extracts against five tumor cell lines. Future Sci OA 2022; 8:FSO775. [PMID: 35070357 PMCID: PMC8765112 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine the antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of Geranium and Erodium species against human cancer and noncancer cell lines, respectively. Methods: Twenty-one species of Geranium and Erodium were extracted and screened against cancerous and noncancerous human cell lines. Results: In a dose-response manner, G. glaberrimum, G. asphodeloides, E. brandianum and E. leucanthum were able, with variable potency, to inhibit cellular proliferation. Except for E. brandianum, all extracts induced cellular autophagy in tumor cells with similar levels to that of rapamycin; but, only E. brandianum induced cellular apoptosis, likely through Bcl2 and BAX protein expressions. Discussion: This is the first study to report the potential antiproliferative effects of ethanol extracts of several Geraniaceae species.
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Shi P, Geng Q, Chen L, Du T, Lin Y, Lai R, Meng F, Wu Z, Miao X, Yao H. Schisandra chinensis bee pollen's chemical profiles and protective effect against H 2O 2-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:274. [PMID: 32912207 PMCID: PMC7487998 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill bee pollen extract (SCBPE) is often used as a functional food in China due to its good antioxidant property. However, its chemical compositions and effects on H9c2 cardiomyocytes against H2O2-induced cell injury still lacks of reports thus far. This study aimed to characterize the main components of SCBPE and investigate its protective effects against H2O2-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury. Methods The main components of SCBPE were analyzed via ultraperformance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–QTOF MS/MS). The three main nucleosides in SCBPE were quantitatively analyzed via ultraperformance liquid chromatography–diode array detection. Furthermore, the potential mechanism by which SCBPE exerts protective effects against H2O2-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury was explored for the first time via cell survival rate measurements; cell morphological observation; myocardial superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) level determination; flow cytometry; and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Two carbohydrates, three nucleosides, and nine quinic acid nitrogen-containing derivatives in SCBPE were identified or tentatively characterized via UPLC–QTOF MS/MS. The nine quinic acid nitrogen-containing derivatives were first reported in bee pollen. The contents of uridine, guanosine, and adenosine were 2.4945 ± 0.0185, 0.1896 ± 0.0049, and 1.8418 ± 0.0157 μg/mg, respectively. Results of in vitro experiments showed that cell survival rate, myocardial SOD activity, and GSH level significantly increased and myocardial MDA level significantly decreased in SCBPE groups compared with those in H2O2 group. Cell morphology in SCBPE groups also markedly improved compared with that in H2O2 group. Results indicated that SCBPE protected H9c2 cardiomyocytes from H2O2-induced apoptosis by downregulating the mRNA expressions of Bax, cytochrome C, and caspase-3 and upregulating the Bcl-2 mRNA expression. Conclusions This study is the first to report that SCBPE could protect against oxidative stress injury and apoptosis in H2O2-injured H9c2 cells. Results indicated that the nucleosides and quinic acid nitrogen-containing derivatives could be the main substances that exert protective effects against H2O2-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Geng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lifu Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Du
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongcai Lai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fei Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenhong Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Miao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xue Yuan Road, University Town, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China.
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Graça VC, Ferreira ICFR, Santos PF. Bioactivity of the Geranium Genus: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1838-1865. [PMID: 31942856 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200114110323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants from the Geranium genus, which comprises about 400 species, have been used since ancient times in the practice of traditional medicines throughout the world. Therefore, herbal preparations based on Geranium species have found wide usage for the treatment of a variety of ailments. The aim of this work is to present a review, as comprehensive as possible, of the studies concerning different biological activities of Geranium species. METHODS Relevant data were obtained through systematic computer searches from major reputed scientific databases, particularly Web of Science and Scopus. Occasionally, information issued in primary sources not covered by these databases was also included provided published as peer-reviewed literature. This review covers the literature disclosed till the end of 2018. RESULTS Accompanying the increasing interest in herbal medicines in general, the evaluation of the biological properties of medicinal plants from the Geranium genus has been addressed thoroughly, mostly over the last two decades. Geranium species are endowed with a number of different biological activities. Herein, we present a survey of the results of the studies concerning these different biological activities. CONCLUSION Most studies found in the literature effectively contribute to scientifically validate the beneficial properties of Geranium plants claimed by traditional medicines and medical herbalism and demonstrate that many of them possess evident therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia C Graça
- Centro de Quimica-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB) - Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Braganca, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Braganca, Portugal
| | - Paulo F Santos
- Centro de Quimica-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Zhou Q, Li Y, Gu T. Silencing of miR-223 expression inhibits the apoptosis of H 2O 2-induced cardiomyocytes by increasing the activity of the IGF-1R/PI3K/AKT pathway. EUR J INFLAMM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739220950871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the: (1) function of micro (mi)R-223 on H2O2-induced H9C2 cells; (2) relationship between miR-223 and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R); and (3) role of miR-223 on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway. H9C2 cells were selected to establish the H2O2-injury model. Overexpression/low expression of miR-223 in H9C2 cells was constructed, respectively. Flow cytometry and western blotting were applied to measure the apoptosis, cell activity, and expression of related proteins. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays (DLRGAs) were applied to test if miR-223 targeted IGF-1R. Overexpression/low expression of IGF-1R was constructed to test if miR-223 regulated IGF-1R expression negatively. Increases in miR-223 expression were observed in H2O2-induced H9C2 cells. miR-223 absence improved H2O2-induced H9C2-cell apoptosis accompanied by an increase in B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 expression and decrease in expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 ( P < 0.05). miR-223 silencing increased expression of IGF-1R, p-PI3K, and p-AKT in H2O2-induced H9C2 cells ( P < 0.05). miR-223 overexpression aggravated H2O2-induced H9C2-cell apoptosis and reduced expression of the proteins of IGF-1R, p-PI3K, and p-AKT. DLRGAs showed IGF-1R to be a downstream gene of miR-223. IGF-1R silencing significantly inhibited expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT proteins ( P < 0.05). miR-223 negatively regulated IGF-1R expression for H9C2-cell apoptosis and the PI3K/AKT pathway. miR-223 absence can ameliorate H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by targeting IGF-1R to regulate PI3K/AKT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Dongying, Dongying, China
| | - Yufen Li
- Medical Examination Center, The Second People’s Hospital of Dongying, Dongying, China
| | - Tianjin Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Dongying, Dongying, China
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Hwang JE, Kim KT, Paik HD. Improved Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Anti-adipogenic Properties of Hydroponic Ginseng Fermented by Leuconostoc mesenteroides KCCM 12010P. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183359. [PMID: 31527401 PMCID: PMC6767091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroponic ginseng (HPG) has been known to have various bio-functionalities, including an antioxidant effect. Recently, fermentation by lactic acid bacteria has been studied to enhance bio-functional activities in plants by biologically converting their chemical compounds. HPG roots and shoots were fermented with Leuconostoc mesenteroides KCCM 12010P isolated from kimchi. The total phenolic compounds, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-adipogenic effects of these fermented samples were evaluated in comparison with non-fermented samples (control). During 24 h fermentation of HPG roots and shoots, the viable number of cells increased to 7.50 Log colony forming unit (CFU)/mL. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the fermented HPG roots increased by 107.19% and 645.59%, respectively, compared to non-fermented HPG roots. The antioxidant activity of fermented HPG, as assessed by 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), β-carotene-linoleic, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, was also significantly enhanced. In an anti-inflammatory effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, the nitric oxide content and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) decreased when treated with fermented samples. Simultaneously, lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte was reduced when treated with fermented HPG. Fermentation by L. mesenteroides showed improved antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic HPG effects. These results show that fermented HPG has potential for applications in the functional food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Kee-Tae Kim
- Food Biotechnology Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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