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Mansi, Balyan U, Bhutani C, Khanna L, Rao S, Singh R, Khanna P. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Optimization, Phytochemical Screening and Analysis of Phenolics from Cycas Zeylanica and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301436. [PMID: 38358064 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The present study focuses on investigating the phytochemical screening of indigenous species, C. zeylanica, for the first time. The leaf extracts have been prepared using ultrasound-assisted methods to obtain the best extraction results using different time and temperature conditions such as 30, 60, and 90 min. and 30, 40, and 60 °C, respectively. The results have been optimized using response surface methodology. Under the optimal extraction conditions of 60 °C for 43.57 minutes, an extract was produced with a yield of 0.238 g and a high total phenolic content of 181.1965 mg GAE/g. The total phenolic content has been evaluated and the presence of gallic acid has been confirmed through the HPLC technique. The optimal extract (OE) showed excellent antioxidant activity for the DPPH assay, with an IC50 of 3.1 μg/ml. Finally, GC-MS profiling has been done to screen the volatile component of the plant extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Upasna Balyan
- University School of Chemical Technology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Charu Bhutani
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Leena Khanna
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Satya Rao
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Rita Singh
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Pankaj Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, -110019, India
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Badrillah N, Susanti D, Kamil TKTM, Swandiny GF, Widyastuti Y, Zaini E, Taher M. Silver nanoparticles biogenically synthesised using Maclurodendron porteri extract and their bioactivities. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25454. [PMID: 38379964 PMCID: PMC10877187 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticle is widely used in various field including medical, cosmetic, food and industrial purposes due to their unique properties in electrical conductivity, thermal, and biological activities. In the medical field, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been reported to have strong antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Maclurodendron porteri (MP) extract and to evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the synthesised MP-AgNPs. Green method of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) was used to extract the leaves of M. porter. Liquid Chromatography -Mass Spectrometry/Quadrupole time-of-flight (LC-MS/QTOF) was used to identify the compounds in the leaf extract of M. porteri. Characterisation of the synthesised nanoparticles involved ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), scanning electromagnetic microscopy (SEM), Zeta potential Analyzer and Particle Size Analyzer. The cytotoxic assay was conducted on MCF-7 and Caco-2 cell lines by MTT assay. Antimicrobial activity was tested on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria using the disc diffusion method. Based on LC-MS/QTOF analysis, 430 compounds were found. The identified major compounds consist of amino acids, polyphenols, steroids, terpenoids and heterocyclic compounds which possibly act as reducing agents. 1 mM, 5 mM and 10 mM of silver nitrate solution were mixed with the leaf extract to form silver nanoparticles. 1.2 mg/ml of MP-AgNPs were found to have antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa with inhibitory zones of 8.0 ± 0.36 mm, 8.5 ± 0.45 mm, 7.5 ± 0.36 mm, and 9.0 ± 0.40 mm respectively. MP-AgNPs showed no cytotoxic activity against Caco-2 and MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, the presence of major amine compounds such as 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxyprotriptyline and harderoporphyrin in the extract facilitated the synthesis of AgNPs and the nanoparticle showed weak bioactivities in the assay conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadhirah Badrillah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Deny Susanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Srengseng Sawah, 12630, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tengku Karmila Tengku Mohd Kamil
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | | | - Yuli Widyastuti
- Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Lawu 11, 10 Tawangmangu, Karanganyar, Central Java, 57792, Indonesia
| | - Erizal Zaini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, 25175, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Srengseng Sawah, 12630, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Pharmaceutics and Translational Research Group, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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3
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Bitwell C, Sen IS, Luke C, Kakoma MK. A review of Modern and Conventional Extraction Techniques and their Applications for Extracting Phytochemicals from Plants. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
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Mevada JS, Rajput YN, Chowdhary S, Kokane S, Dias F, Doke RB, Kulkarni RD, Pratap AP, Pandit AB. Large scale strategy for the extraction of oil from sesame seed: scalable approach. Chem Ind 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2022.2162448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yogeshsing N. Rajput
- Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactant Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Shaziya Chowdhary
- Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactant Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Shirley Kokane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Faith Dias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Ranjeet B. Doke
- Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactant Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Ravindra D. Kulkarni
- Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactant Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Amit P. Pratap
- Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactant Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Aniruddha B. Pandit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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Karanje P, Ghorpade V, Namdeo A, Doijad R, Karanje A. Comparison of techniques for the extraction of Camptothecin from Tabernaemontana species. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:322-327. [PMID: 34319175 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1957886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Extraction methods like maceration, ultrasonication, vortex mixer, soxhlet extraction and microwave assisted extraction (MAE), were evaluated for the extraction of Camptothecin (CPT) from the leaves and stem of Tabernaemontana alternifolia, Tabernaemontana divaricata and Tabernaemontana citrifolia. The extracts were analyzed by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). The results show that the leaves of Tabernaemontana alternifolia exhibited highest yield of CPT as compared to the other species. MAE was the most efficient extraction method with CPT extraction yield of 0.154 ± 0.004% w/w from Tabernaemontana alternifolia leaves followed by Soxhlet extraction, sonication, maceration, and vortex extraction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Karanje
- Department of Pharmacognosy, KIMSDTU's Krishna Institute of Pharmacy, Karad, India
| | - Vishwajeet Ghorpade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, India
| | - Ajay Namdeo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, BVP's Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Rajendra Doijad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, KIMSDTU's Krishna Institute of Pharmacy, Karad, India
| | - Abhijit Karanje
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Marathwada Mitra Mandal's College of Pharmacy, Thergaon, Pune, India
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Donn P, Prieto MA, Mejuto JC, Cao H, Simal-Gandara J. Functional foods based on the recovery of bioactive ingredients from food and algae by-products by emerging extraction technologies and 3D printing. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Effects of Zedo gum edible coating enriched with microwave-agitated bed extracted bioactive compounds from lemon verbena leaves on oxidative stability of Oncorhynchus mykiss. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01516-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Assessment of eight Morus indica cultivars for 1-deoxynojirmycin content, antioxidant and anti-diabetic potential: optimization of ultrasound assisted process for bioactive enriched leaf extract. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Seasonal Fluctuations of Crop Yield, Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Fresh or Cooked Borage (Borago officinalis L.), Mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) and Buck’s-Horn Plantain (Plantago coronopus L.) Leaves. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The interest for wild edible plants as functional food is increasing among consumers in the Mediterranean countries because of their high content of antioxidants. However, a critical point is the seasonality of wild edible species due to their spontaneity and the cultivation results necessary to satisfy market requests. Moreover, cooking may be necessary for most wild edible species to enhance their palatability. In the present experiment, the crop yield, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of leaves were determined in three wild edible species (Borago officinalis L., Malva sylvestris L. and Plantago coronopus L.), which were hydroponically cultivated in winter and in spring. Plants were recurrently harvested three times and the leaves were analyzed raw or after boiling in water for different times based on their palatability as evaluated by a hedonic test (2 min for B. officinalis, 2.5 min for M. sylvestris and 8 min for P. coronopus). The total crop yield was promising, especially for P. coronopus, with small differences between winter and spring (9.3 and 13.8 kg m−2, respectively). The boiling treatment caused a loss of TPC and, in some cases, of the AA in B. officinalis and M. sylvestris due to the solubilization of phenolic and other antioxidant compounds in boiling water. Conversely, in P. coronopus, TPC and AA were higher in boiled leaves than in fresh leaves, likely due to the strong binding of phenolic compounds to the cell wall. This binding might lead to the inefficient extraction of these compounds through the boiling treatment.
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Ghafarifarsani H, Hoseinifar SH, Adorian TJ, Goulart Ferrigolo FR, Raissy M, Van Doan H. The effects of combined inclusion of Malvae sylvestris, Origanum vulgare, and Allium hirtifolium boiss for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet: Growth performance, antioxidant defense, and immunological parameters. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:670-677. [PMID: 34653666 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a mixture of three medicinal plants extracts (COP: common mallow (Malvae sylvestris), oregano (Origanum vulgare), and Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium boiss)) on growth, hematological indices, immunological parameters, liver antioxidant, and digestive enzyme activity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Accordingly, 540 common carp fingerlings were randomly allotted to 18 fiberglass tanks, including six treatments each in triplicate. Fish were fed with experimental diets supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 5% of the herbal mixture. After 60 days, the effects on growth performance, antioxidant, and immunological parameters were evaluated. According to the results, the highest final weight was observed in the fish fed 2 and 3% of the herbal mixture. Also, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed a significant decrease in fish treated with the herbal mix, so that the lowest FCR was observed in the treatment 1%. Hematological examinations such as red blood cells (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), and hemoglobin showed significant changes between different parameters compared to the control group. The highest protein content was observed in the fish supplemented with 2, 3, and 5% herbs. Besides, in contrast to glucose, the cortisol level showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. The digestive enzymes (Amylase, Lipase, and Protease) were significantly higher in 2 and 3% treatments than in the control group. Also, a significant difference was found in Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content between the experimental and control treatments. Examination of liver enzymes (and alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) showed a significant difference in herbal mixture treatments with the control group, according to which the lowest amount of these enzymes was recorded in 2 and 3% herb supplemented fish. Herbal mix resulted in higher mucosal and intestinal immunity parameters, including total immunoglobulin (total Ig), lysozyme, alternative complement activities (ACH50), protease, and ALP. According to the results, supplementing the diet with a mixture of the COP can significantly improve growth parameters, stimulate the innate immune system, and improve antioxidant defenses and liver health of common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Taida Juliana Adorian
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Cidade Universitária, Rio Grande Do Sul. AV. Roraima nº 1000, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, CEP: 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Mehdi Raissy
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekrd Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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11
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Zakaria F, Tan JK, Mohd Faudzi SM, Abdul Rahman MB, Ashari SE. Ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions optimisation using response surface methodology from Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil leaves. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 81:105851. [PMID: 34864545 PMCID: PMC8649887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The optimisation of the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method was investigated by employing the Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The UAE method was based on a simple ultrasound treatment using methanol as the extraction medium to facilitate the cell disruption of Mitragyna speciosa leaves for optimum extraction yield and Total Phenolic Content (TPC). Three different parameters comprising extraction temperature (X1: 25-50 °C), sonication time (X2: 15-50 min), and solvent to solid ratio (X3: 10-30 mL/g), and were selected as the independent variables, while two response variables were selected, namely extraction yield (Y1) and TPC (Y2). Based on the results, the developed quadratic polynomial model correlated with the experimental data is based on the coefficient of determination (R2) of extraction yield (0.9972, p < 0.0001) and TPC (0.9553, p < 0.0001). At 25 °C, 15 min sonication time, and 10 mL/g of solvent to solid ratio, the optimal conditions recorded an extraction yield and TPC of 22.69% and 143.51 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, respectively. Furthermore, the actual response and the predicted values of the developed models correlated with each other as the Residual Standard Error (RSE) values were <5%. Meanwhile, the Liquid Chromatography- tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed to characterise the optimised M. speciosa extract and revealed the presence of major phytochemicals, including catechin, rutin, kaempferol, coumarin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid. These compounds could exhibit certain therapeutic effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant. Therefore, the findings in this study supported the suggestion that the various available bioactive compounds besides alkaloids contributed to the bioactive properties in M. speciosa, making it an effective traditional herbal medicine to treat various illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazila Zakaria
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jen-Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Efliza Ashari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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12
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Espro C, Paone E, Mauriello F, Gotti R, Uliassi E, Bolognesi ML, Rodríguez-Padrón D, Luque R. Sustainable production of pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and bioactive compounds from biomass and waste. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11191-11207. [PMID: 34553208 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00524c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this tutorial review is to provide a general overview of processes, technologies and challenges in the production of pharmaceutical and bioactive compounds from food waste and lignocellulosic residues. Particular attention is given to benign-by-design processes instinctively devoted to environmental sustainability for the recovery of bioactive compounds from food waste as well as for the production of alcohols, acids, polyols, furans and aromatic compounds from lignocellulosic residues. At the same time, novel green synthetic routes for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients and the development of novel bioactive compounds are discussed. Recent success industrial stories on the use of food waste and lignocellulosic residues for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Espro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emilia Paone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIEF), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy.,Dipartimento DICEAM, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesco Mauriello
- Dipartimento DICEAM, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elisa Uliassi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daily Rodríguez-Padrón
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra. Nnal. IV-A, Km 396, E14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra. Nnal. IV-A, Km 396, E14014, Córdoba, Spain.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho Maklaya str., 117198, Moscow, Russian Federation
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13
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Carreira-Casais A, Otero P, Garcia-Perez P, Garcia-Oliveira P, Pereira AG, Carpena M, Soria-Lopez A, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA. Benefits and Drawbacks of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for the Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Marine Algae. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9153. [PMID: 34501743 PMCID: PMC8431298 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The increase in life expectancy has led to the appearance of chronic diseases and interest in healthy aging, in turn promoting a growing interest in bioactive compounds (BCs) and functional ingredients. There are certain foods or products rich in functional ingredients, and algae are one of them. Algae consumption has been nominal in Europe until now. However, in recent years, it has grown significantly, partly due to globalization and the adoption of new food trends. With the aim of obtaining BCs from foods, multiple methods have been proposed, ranging from conventional ones, such as maceration or Soxhlet extraction, to more innovative methods, e.g., ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). UAE constitutes a novel method, belonging to so-called green chemistry, that enables the extraction of BCs requiring lower amounts of solvent and energy costs, preserving the integrity of such molecules. In recent years, this method has been often used for the extraction of different BCs from a wide range of algae, especially polysaccharides, such as carrageenans and alginate; pigments, including fucoxanthin, chlorophylls, or β-carotene; and phenolic compounds, among others. In this way, the application of UAE to marine algae is an efficient and sustainable strategy to pursue their deep characterization as a new source of BCs, especially suitable for vegetarian and vegan diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anxo Carreira-Casais
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (P.O.); (P.G.-P.); (P.G.-O.); (A.G.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (P.O.); (P.G.-P.); (P.G.-O.); (A.G.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - Pascual Garcia-Perez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (P.O.); (P.G.-P.); (P.G.-O.); (A.G.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - Paula Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (P.O.); (P.G.-P.); (P.G.-O.); (A.G.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.-L.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Antia G. Pereira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (P.O.); (P.G.-P.); (P.G.-O.); (A.G.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.-L.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (P.O.); (P.G.-P.); (P.G.-O.); (A.G.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - Anton Soria-Lopez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (P.O.); (P.G.-P.); (P.G.-O.); (A.G.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (P.O.); (P.G.-P.); (P.G.-O.); (A.G.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (P.O.); (P.G.-P.); (P.G.-O.); (A.G.P.); (M.C.); (A.S.-L.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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14
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Luque de Castro MD. Misused terms in analytical chemistry with emphasis on ultrasound application. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:166-171. [PMID: 34403200 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A wide number of analytical terms have been applied erroneously for many years by analytical chemists, and they apply at present yet, by considering the time makes their use correct. The question is, may precedents validate the present use of incorrect scientific terms? Misused terms are found along the analytical process, starting with giving the name of the sample to the exiguous fraction of the original sample that reaches the detector or the high-resolution equipment after sample pretreatment and sample preparation. All the steps of the analytical process are considered in this article, with special emphasis on sample preparation and, within this, on the use of ultrasound, mainly for assisting extraction more unequivocally named as leaching or lixiviation. A call of attention in this respect is considered by the author to be of help to the analytical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Luque de Castro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research Maimónides (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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15
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Ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from ciriguela (Spondias purpurea L.) peel: Optimization and comparison with conventional extraction and microwave. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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16
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Kanu AB. Recent developments in sample preparation techniques combined with high-performance liquid chromatography: A critical review. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1654:462444. [PMID: 34380070 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review article compares and contrasts sample preparation techniques coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and describes applications developed in biomedical, forensics, and environmental/industrial hygiene in the last two decades. The proper sample preparation technique can offer valued data for a targeted application when coupled to HPLC and a suitable detector. Improvements in sample preparation techniques in the last two decades have resulted in efficient extraction, cleanup, and preconcentration in a single step, thus providing a pathway to tackle complex matrix applications. Applications such as biological therapeutics, proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, environmental/industrial hygiene, forensics, glycan cleanup, etc., have been significantly enhanced due to improved sample preparation techniques. This review looks at the early sample preparation techniques. Further, it describes eight sample preparation technique coupled to HPLC that has gained prominence in the last two decades. They are (1) solid-phase extraction (SPE), (2) liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), (3) gel permeation chromatography (GPC), (4) Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged, Safe (QuEChERS), (5) solid-phase microextraction (SPME), (6) ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction (UASE), and (7) microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MWASE). SPE, LLE, GPC, QuEChERS, and SPME can be used offline and online with HPLC. UASE and MWASE can be used offline with HPLC but have also been combined with the online automated techniques of SPE, LLE, GPC, or QuEChERS for targeted analysis. Three application areas of biomedical, forensics, and environmental/industrial hygiene are reviewed for the eight sample preparation techniques. Three hundred and twenty references on the eight sample preparation techniques published over the last two decades (2001-2021) are provided. Other older references were included to illustrate the historical development of sample preparation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bakarr Kanu
- Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC 27110, United States.
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17
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A short time bioactive compounds extraction from Cucurbita pepo seed using continuous ultrasound‐assisted extraction. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Environmentally Friendly Techniques and Their Comparison in the Extraction of Natural Antioxidants from Green Tea, Rosemary, Clove, and Oregano. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071869. [PMID: 33810281 PMCID: PMC8036828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many current food and health trends demand the use of more ecological, sustainable, and environmentally friendly techniques for the extraction of bioactive compounds, including antioxidants. However, extraction yields and final antioxidant activities vary between sources and are highly influenced by the given extraction method and nature and ratio of the employed solvent, especially for total polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, which are well recognized as natural antioxidants with food applications. This review focused on the most common extraction techniques and potential antioxidant activity in the food industry for various natural antioxidant sources, such as green tea, rosemary, clove, and oregano. Green extraction techniques have been proven to be far more efficient, environmentally friendly, and economical. In general, these techniques include the use of microwaves, ultrasound, high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields, enzymes, and deep eutectic solvents, among others. These extraction methods are described here, including their advantages, disadvantages, and applications.
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19
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Boy FR, Casquete R, Martínez A, Córdoba MDG, Ruíz-Moyano S, Benito MJ. Antioxidant, Antihypertensive and Antimicrobial Properties of Phenolic Compounds Obtained from Native Plants by Different Extraction Methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052475. [PMID: 33802307 PMCID: PMC7967609 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of two methods (agitation and ultra-sound) for extracting phenolic compounds from 15 native plants. Plant species collected in the Dehesa of Extremadura were used. The antioxidant, antihypertensive and antimicrobial activity of the phenolic extracts was investigated. Significantly different results were obtained when comparing the two extraction methods, with the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds found for ultrasound extraction. In addition, the extracts obtained for Cistus albidus, Cistus salviifolius, Rubus ulmifolius and Quercus ilex showed the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds. The antioxidant activity was higher in the extracts of Cistus and Q. ilex obtained by ultrasound, as was the antihypertensive activity. Antimicrobial activity was also higher in the extracts obtained by ultrasound from C. salviifolius and Q. ilex plants against bacteria and from Cistus ladanifer against yeasts. Therefore, it can be concluded that, with the ultrasound extraction of phenolic compounds from C. ladanifer, C. albidus and Q. ilex plants, it is possible to obtain extracts with important functional properties, so they could be studied for their use in food with the aim of obtaining healthy and safe products, favouring the sustainability of the environment of the Dehesa Extremeña.
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20
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Rosa ACS, Stevanato N, Santos Garcia VA, Silva C. Simultaneous extraction of the oil from the kernel and pulp of macauba fruit using a green solvent. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natália Stevanato
- Departamento de Engenharia Química Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) Maringá Brasil
| | - Vitor Augusto Santos Garcia
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Pirassununga Brasil
| | - Camila Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) Maringá Brasil
- Departamento de Tecnologia Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) Umuarama Brasil
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21
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Shen SF, Zhu LF, Wu Z, Wang G, Ahmad Z, Chang MW. Extraction of triterpenoid compounds from Ganoderma Lucidum spore powder through a dual-mode sonication process. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:963-974. [PMID: 32363953 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1764022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Development of drug products from natural sources enable advantageous treatment and therapy options. Bioactive compounds in Ganoderma lucidum spore powder (GLSP) are known for vast antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. Herein, we studied the use of dual-probe ultrasound to extract triterpenoids from GLSP and further investigated the bioactivity of resulting products. FTIR results confirm the presence of key peaks although dual-probe ultrasound varied extraction efficacy. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize extraction conditions (55:28 for solvent to solid ratio, 10.38 s of ultrasound time and 94% v/v of ethanol concentration). HPLC-Q-TOF-MS confirmed the presence of nine different compounds and in vitro tests confirm good biocompatibility. Extracts are shown to inhibit DPPH radicals, reaching a maximum (61.09 ± 1.38%) at triterpenoid concentrations of 600 µg/mL. Dual-mode assisted extraction provides an enhanced approach for active embedded fiber production on a scale favorable to industry when using optimized process parameters. Furthermore, triterpenoid extracts show antibacterial properties on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with potential in antibacterial and anticancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Fei Shen
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Li-Fang Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zijing Wu
- Tianhe Agricultural Group, Longquan City, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Guangkun Wang
- Tianhe Agricultural Group, Longquan City, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Ming-Wei Chang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UK
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22
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Ntourtoglou G, Tsapou EA, Drosou F, Bozinou E, Lalas S, Tataridis P, Dourtoglou V. Pulsed Electric Field Extraction of α and β-Acids From Pellets of Humulus lupulus (Hop). Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:297. [PMID: 32363185 PMCID: PMC7180209 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates the process of extracting hop pellets (hops) utilizing the pulsed electric field (PEF) technique and the contrasting effects of the technique between two distinct hop varieties (one bitter and one aromatic). The effect of PEF on the extraction was evaluated by measuring the concentration of α-acids and β-acids (humulones and lupulones). Regarding the aromatic character, the hop’s volatile caryophyllene, humulene and β-myrcene were analyzed both with and without employing the PEF treatment. In order to analyze the acids and the volatile fraction, the analytical method of UV–vis spectrophotometry was applied followed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. For the second technique, the extracts were previously purified through a Graphitized Carbon Black syringe for Solid Phase Extraction. The results revealed that PEF had a positive impact on the alpha acids of bitter hops by increasing the extraction rate of these acids by 20%, while the volatiles demonstrated an increase of 5.6 and 7.4% for humulene and caryophyllene, respectively. Concerning the aromatic variety of hops, the PEF treatment appeared to have no noteworthy effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Ntourtoglou
- Department of Wine, Vine and Beverage Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Fotini Drosou
- Department of Wine, Vine and Beverage Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Bozinou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Stavros Lalas
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tataridis
- Department of Wine, Vine and Beverage Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Dourtoglou
- Department of Wine, Vine and Beverage Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
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23
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Ghendov-Moşanu A, Sturza R, Opriş O, Lung I, Popescu L, Popovici V, Soran ML, Patraş A. Effect of lipophilic sea buckthorn extract on cream cheese properties. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:628-637. [PMID: 32116372 PMCID: PMC7016077 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04094-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical, microbiological, sensory properties and antioxidant activity of the functional cream cheese prepared with lipophilic extracts of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.). The first step of the research consisted of an evaluation of the physico-chemical characteristics and the antioxidant capacity of the sea buckthorn lipophilic extracts. The sea buckthorn extracts had a significant antioxidant capacity (67.04 ± 2.67%), a content of total carotenoids of 8.27 ± 0.01 mg L-1 and a content of total polyphenols of 1842.86 ± 1.41 mg/100 g dry vegetal material. The addition of the sea buckthorn extracts did not negatively affect the fresh cream cheese's sensory characteristics. The addition of sea buckthorn extracts to the cream cheese resulted in an increase of antiradical activity and dry matter content, a decrease in acidity and higher growth inhibitition of germs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliona Ghendov-Moşanu
- Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 168 Ştefan cel Mare Street, 2004 Chişinău, Republic of Moldova
| | - Rodica Sturza
- Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 168 Ştefan cel Mare Street, 2004 Chişinău, Republic of Moldova
| | - Ocsana Opriş
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67 - 103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ildiko Lung
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67 - 103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liliana Popescu
- Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 168 Ştefan cel Mare Street, 2004 Chişinău, Republic of Moldova
| | - Violina Popovici
- Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 168 Ştefan cel Mare Street, 2004 Chişinău, Republic of Moldova
| | - Maria-Loredana Soran
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67 - 103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Antoanela Patraş
- “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iaşi, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iaşi, Romania
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24
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Mujeeb M, Kausar H, Abidin L, Aqil M, Alam O. Factorial design-guided optimization of extraction of therapeutically active furanocoumarin khellin from Ammi majus L. fruits. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_295_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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25
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Birsan RI, Wilde P, Waldron KW, Rai DK. Recovery of Polyphenols from Brewer's Spent Grains. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090380. [PMID: 31500308 PMCID: PMC6769810 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The recovery of antioxidant polyphenols from light, dark and mix brewer’s spent grain (BSG) using conventional maceration, microwave and ultrasound assisted extraction was investigated. Total polyphenols were measured in the crude (60% acetone), liquor extracts (saponified with 0.75% NaOH) and in their acidified ethyl acetate (EtOAc) partitioned fractions both by spectrophotometry involving Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. Irrespective of the extraction methods used, saponification of BSG yielded higher polyphenols than in the crude extracts. The EtOAc fractionations yielded the highest total phenolic content (TPC) ranging from 3.01 ± 0.19 to 4.71 ± 0.28 mg gallic acid equivalent per g of BSG dry weight. The corresponding total polyphenols quantified by LC-MS/MS ranged from 549.9 ± 41.5 to 2741.1 ± 5.2 µg/g of BSG dry weight. Microwave and ultrasound with the parameters and equipment used did not improve the total polyphenol yield when compared to the conventional maceration method. Furthermore, the spectrophotometric quantification of the liquors overestimated the TPC, while the LC-MS/MS quantification gave a closer representation of the total polyphenols in all the extracts. The total polyphenols were in the following order in the EtOAc fractions: BSG light > BSG Mix > BSG dark, and thus suggested BSG light as a sustainable, low cost source of natural antioxidants that may be tapped for applications in food and phytopharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rares I Birsan
- Department of Food BioSciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15KN3K Dublin, Ireland.
- Food Innovation and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - Peter Wilde
- Food Innovation and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - Keith W Waldron
- Anglia Science Writing Ltd., Wramplingham NR18 0RU, Norfolk, UK.
| | - Dilip K Rai
- Department of Food BioSciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15KN3K Dublin, Ireland.
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26
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Modified Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Biologically Active Compounds from Feijoa Sellowiana Leaves. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2018-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
For the first time, the modified supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (MSCE) of biologically active compounds from Feijoa sellowiana leaves was investigated. Total yield (TY) and bioactivity of biocompounds in terms of DPPH• (%DPPHsc) and HO• (%HOsc) radicals scavenging were maximized via multivariate optimization. The optimized conditions were the pressure of 272.34 bar, supercritical carbon dioxide flow rate of 1.58 mL min−1, temperature of 52.48 °C, and dynamic extraction time of 110.62 min. The predicted values of the TY, %DPPHsc, and %HOsc were 81.12 mg g−1, 85.16 %, and 75.66 %, respectively. The chromatographic analysis demonstrated gallic acid as the main biophenolic (136.20 ± 0.16 mg g−1). The scanning electron microscopy images showed dramatic disruption of cells treated with MSCE. A comprehensive comparison was made between current findings and other techniques (conventional and ultrasonic waves assisted extraction). More TY was achieved using conventional method but the bioactivity of MSCE products was considerably better.
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