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Shen C, Chen X, Cao Y, Du Y, Xu X, Wu Q, Lin L, Qin Y, Meng R, Gan L, Zhang J. Alpha-lipoic Acid Protects Against Chronic Alcohol Consumption-induced Cardiac Damage by the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2-associated PINK/Parkin Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 82:407-418. [PMID: 37657070 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic alcohol intake contributes to high mortality rates due to ethanol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction, which are accompanied by increased oxidative stress and disrupted mitophagy. Alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA), a well-known antioxidant, has been shown to protect against cardiac hypertrophy and inflammation. However, little is known about its role and mechanism in the treatment of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Here, we evaluated the role of α-LA in alcohol-induced cardiac damage by feeding mice a 4.8% (v/v) alcohol diet with or without α-LA for 6 w. Our results suggested that chronic alcohol consumption increased mortality, blood alcohol concentrations, and serum aldehyde levels, but a-LA attenuated the elevations in mortality and aldehydes. Chronic alcohol intake also induced cardiac dysfunction, including enlarged left ventricles, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, enhanced cardiomyocyte size, and increased serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase myocardial isoenzyme. Moreover, alcohol intake led to the accumulation of collagen fiber and mitochondrial dysfunction, the effects of which were alleviated by α-LA. In addition, α-LA intake also prevented the increase in reactive oxygen species production and the decrease in mitochondrial number that were observed after alcohol consumption. Chronic alcohol exposure activated PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. These effects were diminished by α-LA intake by the activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2. Our data indicated that α-LA helps protect cardiac cells against the effects of chronic alcohol intake, likely by inhibiting PINK1/Parkin-related mitophagy through the activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Jining Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xueheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- Jining Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- Jining Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yanyan Du
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- Jining Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Qingjing Wu
- Deprartment of Cardiology, Jinxiang People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Lizhi Lin
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China; and
| | - Yiran Qin
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Runqi Meng
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China; and
| | - Lijun Gan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- Jining Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Jinguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- Jining Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jining, Shandong, China
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PPARγ Gene as a Possible Link between Acquired and Congenital Lipodystrophy and its Modulation by Dietary Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224742. [PMID: 36432429 PMCID: PMC9693235 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophy syndromes are rare diseases that could be of genetic or acquired origin. The main complication of lipodystrophy is the dysfunction of adipose tissue, which leads to an ectopic accumulation of triglycerides in tissues such as the liver, pancreas and skeletal muscle. This abnormal fat distribution is associated with hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, liver steatosis, cardiomyopathies and chronic inflammation. Although the origin of acquired lipodystrophies remains unclear, patients show alterations in genes related to genetic lipodystrophy, suggesting that this disease could be improved or aggravated by orchestrating gene activity, for example by diet. Nowadays, the main reason for adipose tissue dysfunction is an imbalance in metabolism, caused in other pathologies associated with adipose tissue dysfunction by high-fat diets. However, not all dietary fats have the same health implications. Therefore, this article aims to summarize the main genes involved in the pathophysiology of lipodystrophy, identify connections between them and provide a systematic review of studies published between January 2017 and January 2022 of the dietary fats that can modulate the development of lipodystrophy through transcriptional regulation or the regulation of protein expression in adipocytes.
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Tan B, Wang Y, Zhang X, Sun X. Recent Studies on Protective Effects of Walnuts against Neuroinflammation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204360. [PMID: 36297047 PMCID: PMC9609811 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the aging process and the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Accordingly, possible therapeutic strategies aimed at anti-inflammatory effects may be beneficial to brain health. Walnut kernels contain large quantities of unsaturated fatty acids, peptides, and phenolic compounds that have anti-inflammatory effects. The long-term intake of walnuts has been found to improve cognitive function and memory in rats and humans. However, the modulatory effect of walnuts on neuroinflammation has received much less attention. This review focuses on the potential influence and main regulating mechanisms of walnuts and their active ingredients on neuroinflammation, including the regulation of microglia activation induced by amyloid β or lipopolysaccharides, inhibition of peripheral inflammation mediated by macrophages, reduction in oxidative stress by decreasing free radical levels and boosting antioxidant defenses, and control of gut microbes to maintain homeostasis. However, the majority of evidence of the beneficial effects of walnuts or their components on neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration comes from experimental work, whereas evidence from clinical studies on the beneficial effects is scarcer and less conclusive. This review aims to provide new insights into the neuroinflammation-regulating mechanisms and natural active ingredients of walnuts and the development of walnut-based functional foods for the alleviation of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence:
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Pagano G, Manfredi C, Pallardó FV, Lyakhovich A, Tiano L, Trifuoggi M. Potential roles of mitochondrial cofactors in the adjuvant mitigation of proinflammatory acute infections, as in the case of sepsis and COVID-19 pneumonia. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:159-170. [PMID: 33346851 PMCID: PMC7750159 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitochondrial cofactors α-lipoic acid (ALA), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and carnitine (CARN) play distinct and complementary roles in mitochondrial functioning, along with strong antioxidant actions. Also termed mitochondrial nutrients (MNs), these cofactors have demonstrated specific protective actions in a number of chronic disorders, as assessed in a well-established body of literature. METHODS Using PubMed, the authors searched for articles containing information on the utilization of MNs in inflammatory disorders as assessed from in vitro and animal studies, and in clinical trials, in terms of exerting anti-inflammatory actions. RESULTS The retrieved literature provided evidence relating acute pathologic conditions, such as sepsis and pneumonia, with a number of redox endpoints of biological and clinical relevance. Among these findings, both ALA and CARN were effective in counteracting inflammation-associated redox biomarkers, while CoQ10 showed decreased levels in proinflammatory conditions. MN-associated antioxidant actions were applied in a number of acute disorders, mostly using one MN. The body of literature assessing the safety and the complementary roles of MNs taken together suggests an adjuvant role of MN combinations in counteracting oxidative stress in sepsis and other acute disorders, including COVID-19-associated pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS The present state of art in the use of individual MNs in acute disorders suggests planning adjuvant therapy trials utilizing MN combinations aimed at counteracting proinflammatory conditions, as in the case of pneumonia and the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pagano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Carla Manfredi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia-INCLIVA, CIBERER, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics of the "Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine", 630117, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnical University of Marche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy
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