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Hou X. Epoxidase inhibitor-aspirin resistance and the relationship with genetic polymorphisms: a review. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241230429. [PMID: 38420770 PMCID: PMC10903214 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241230429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Strokes are the leading cause of death in most regions of the world. Epoxidase inhibitors include the drug aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). Aspirin is widely used as first-line treatment for the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in at-risk patients. However, patients using conventional doses of aspirin can still develop ischaemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, a phenomenon known as aspirin resistance. The occurrence of aspirin resistance hinders the prevention and treatment of ischaemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. There are many factors affecting aspirin resistance, such as sex, drug dose, metabolic disease, genetic polymorphisms, drug interactions and pharmacokinetics. Genetic polymorphism refers to the simultaneous and frequent presence of two or more discontinuous variants or genotypes or alleles in a population of organisms. Platelets contain a large number of highly polymorphic transmembrane glycoprotein receptors encoded by two or more isomeric alleles. Changes in gene polymorphisms in various pathways during platelet aggregation can lead to aspirin resistance. This narrative review describes the gene polymorphisms that have been demonstrated to be significantly associated with aspirin resistance. Research on the mechanisms of aspirin resistance and increased knowledge should provide accurate drug guidance in individuals that require first-line antiplatelet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Hou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong City, China
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2
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Chloroplast-boosted photodynamic therapy for effective drug-resistant bacteria killing and biofilm ablation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 238:112622. [PMID: 36527964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Due to the misuse of various antibiotics, the problem of bacterial resistance has become more serious worldwide, and the associated diseases have significantly increased the medical burden of society. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received widespread attention because of its safety, efficiency, and facile implementation. Here, we report an oxygen-supply antibacterial agent (Ce6@CS/CP), which could enhance the efficacy of antibacterial PDT via photosynthesis of O2. Ce6@CS/CP displayed a robust interaction with bacteria, hence facilitating the delivery efficiency of Ce6. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the photodynamic bactericidal potency of Ce6@CS/CP was remarkably greater than that of free Ce6. Furthermore, Ce6@CS/CP also exhibited superior significant antibiofilm activity to free Ce6. As a live oxygen-supply antibacterial agent, Ce6@CS/CP possesses excellent bacteria delivery ability of Ce6 and could enhance the potency of antibacterial PDT by photosynthesis, offering a new strategy for fighting against drug-resistant bacteria.
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Zeng W, Chu TTW, Chow EYK, Hu M, Fok BSP, Chan JCN, Yan BPY, Tomlinson B. Factors Associated with Aspirin Resistance in Hong Kong Chinese Patients with Stable Coronary Heart Disease Using the Multiplate ® Analyzer and Serum Thromboxane B 2. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2099. [PMID: 36297534 PMCID: PMC9609623 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Aspirin resistance may be associated with various conditions. We measured serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and platelet function using the Multiplate® Analyzer with arachidonic acid (ASPI) in patients on long term aspirin therapy to identify aspirin resistance and associated factors. Materials and Methods: Chinese patients with stable coronary heart disease had samples for serum TXB2 and ASPI measurement taken before and 1 h after taking a morning dose of 80 mg aspirin. Results: In 266 patients with mean age 66.6 ± 10.7 years, 17% were female and 55% were current or previous smokers. TXB2 and ASPI measurements were significantly higher before the dose than at 1 h post dose, with 46% of subjects having high ASPI values (AUC > 300 AU*min) pre dose compared with 27% at 1 h post dose. TXB2 and ASPI measures of platelet aggregation showed weak correlations, which were only significant before the dose (r = 0.219, p = 0.001). Increased ASPI measurements were associated with white blood cell (WBC) count, haematocrit, platelet count and heart rate at 24 h post dose but only with WBC count, smoking history and heart rate at 1 h post dose. Diabetes was not associated with reduced platelet response to aspirin. The WBC count associated with aspirin resistance was over 6.55 × 109/L by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Conclusions: The antiplatelet response to aspirin was reduced in a large proportion of patients. Patients with higher WBC count within the normal range appear to be at increased risk of aspirin resistance. Higher or more frequent doses of aspirin may be needed in many patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zeng
- The Second People’s Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Tanya T. W. Chu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Elaine Y. K. Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Miao Hu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Benny S. P. Fok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Juliana C. N. Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Bryan P. Y. Yan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau 999078, China
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Lyu J, Gao Y, Wei R, Cai Y, Shen X, Zhao D, Zhao X, Xie Y, Yu H, Chai Y, Xie Y. Clinical effectiveness of Qilong capsule in patients with ischemic stroke: A prospective, multicenter, non-randomized controlled trial. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154278. [PMID: 35780589 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Qilong capsule (QLC) is a Chinese patented medicine characterized by an equal emphasis on replenishing Qi and activating blood circulation. In 2000, China's FDA approved the use of QLC for ischemic stroke (IS). However, there is not yet much high-quality evidence of the clinical effectiveness of QLC combined with conventional treatment (CT) for IS with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. PURPOSE In this study, we conducted a prospective, multicenter, non-randomized controlled trial at 7 hospitals in China to investigate the clinical effectiveness of QLC combined with CT for IS with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. METHODS Participants aged 35 to 80 years old diagnosed as IS with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in TCM were recruited. Participants were treated with QLC (intervention group) or non-QLC (control group). The intervention course of QLC was 12 weeks. All participants in two groups received standard treatment. All participants returned for in-person follow-up visits at the 12th week and 24th week. Primary outcome measures included a modified Rankin Scale (mRS), the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and the Barthel Index (BI). Secondary outcome measures included TCM syndromes (Qi deficiency syndrome score, blood stasis syndrome score), psychological index (self-rating depression scale, SDS; self-rating anxiety scale, SAS), blood lipid index, blood coagulation index, homocysteine, and favorable functional outcome (mRS 0 - 3). Multiple imputations were used for any missing data. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to deal with any confounding factors (age, gender, scale score, etc.). Rank alignment transformation variance analysis (ART ANOVA) and generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) were introduced to improve the scientific and accuracy of repeated measurement data. All statistical calculations were carried out with R 3.6.1 statistical analysis software. RESULTS A total of 2468 participants were screened from November 2016 to January 2019. Finally, 2302 eligible participants were included in the analysis. There were 1260 participants in the intervention group (QLC group) and 1042 participants in the control group (non-QLC group). After PSM matching, sub-samples of 300 participants in the QLC group and 300 participants in the non-QLC group were finally formed. The final results of clinical effectiveness are the same results shared by the total samples and sub-samples after PSM. In the 24th week after treatment, QLC combined with CT proved to be significantly better than CT alone in reducing the scores of mRS (p < 0.05), NIHSS (p < 0.001), Qi deficiency syndrome (p < 0.01), and blood stasis syndrome (p < 0.001), SAS (p < 0.05), as well as in improving BI score (p < 0.05). The favourable functional outcome (mRS score of 0 to 3 at week 12) was statistically different between QLC and non-QLC group in the sub-samples (p < 0.01, 97% vs 91.7%). The results of the ART ANOVA showed that the improvement of mRS (p < 0.01), BI (p < 0.05) and NIHSS (p < 0.001) in QLC group was better than non-QLC group when the interaction effect was considered. The results of GLMM showed that the reduction of mRS and NIHSS scores of patients in the QLC group were better than those of the non-QLC group (p < 0.001). The BI score of the QLC group in the sub-samples after PSM increased more than the non-QLC group (p < 0.001). There was no evidence showing that QLC can cause serious adverse reactions (ADRs) in treating patients with IS. CONCLUSION QLC combined with CT was better than CT alone in reducing mRS score, NIHSS score, Qi deficiency syndrome score, blood stasis syndrome score, and SAS score, as well as improving BI score after treatment. Further high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm the positive results. The study protocol was embedded in a registry study that registered in the Clinical Trials USA Registry (registration No. NCT03174535).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lyu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine & National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, XiYuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1 Xiyuan playground Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, PRChina; Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Nanxiaojie, Inner Dongzhimen, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, PRChina
| | - Yang Gao
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Fangxingyuan, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100078, PR China
| | - Ruili Wei
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Nanxiaojie, Inner Dongzhimen, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, PRChina
| | - Yefeng Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No.19 Renmin Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, PR China
| | - Dexi Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No.1478 Gongnong Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, PR China
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, PR China
| | - Yingzhen Xie
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.5 Hai Yun Cang, Dongcheng District, Beijing,100700, PR China
| | - Haiqing Yu
- Taiyuan Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 2 Baling South Street, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yan Chai
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Yanming Xie
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Nanxiaojie, Inner Dongzhimen, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, PRChina.
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Xu Y, Chen W, Jiang L, Wang Y, Zhao X, Liu L, Yao D, Guo L, Wang Y, Pan Y, Wang Y. Aspirin platelet reactivity on platelet function and clinical outcome in minor stroke or transient ischemic attack. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106683. [PMID: 35914511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whether aspirin platelet reactivity affects platelet function and clinical outcomes with different antiplatelet therapies in patients with mild stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) remains unclear. We conducted a subgroup analysis of the PRINCE trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with mild stroke or TIA were randomized into aspirin+ticagrelor, or aspirin+clopidogrel groups; aspirin reaction units (ARU) were measured at the baseline and after 7 ± 2 days to assess response to treatment. High on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) was defined as ≥550 ARU (poor response to aspirin). The platelet functions of ticagrelor and clopidogrel were measured using the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay for P2Y12 reaction units (PRU); HPR to P2Y12 was defined as >208 PRU (poor response to P2Y12). Clinical outcomes included stroke and clinical vascular and bleeding events after 90 days. RESULTS Among 628 enrolled patients, 69 (11%) were poor aspirin responders. After 7 ± 2 days, the proportion of poor P2Y12 responders for ticagrelor versus clopidogrel significantly reduced in poor (2.6% versus 27.4%) and good (14.3% versus 29.4%) aspirin responders. There were significant interactions between treatment groups, and between treatment groups and aspirin platelet reactivity for poor P2Y12 responders (P = 0.01). After 90 ± 7 days, there were no significant interactions between treatment groups and aspirin platelet reactivity for new stroke risk (good aspirin responders: 5.5% versus 8.8%, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32 to 1.16; P = 0.13; poor aspirin responders: 8.6% versus 8.8%, HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.20-4.81; P = 0.97; P for interaction = 0.60). Major bleeding was less frequent in poor than good aspirin responders (ticagrelor/aspirin: 0.4%/0%; clopidogrel/aspirin: 1.4%/0%). CONCLUSIONS In patients with minor stroke or TIA, clopidogrel, and particularly ticagrelor, decreased platelet function in poor versus good aspirin responders. The poor platelet reactivity of aspirin could not sufficiently reduce the risk of recurrent stroke with ticagrelor or clopidogrel; however, HPR (poor aspirin response) may have a protective effect on clinically relevant major bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Long Fu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yicong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxiao Yao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yuesong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
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Wang D, Wang X. Diosgenin and Its Analogs: Potential Protective Agents Against Atherosclerosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2305-2323. [PMID: 35875677 PMCID: PMC9304635 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s368836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the artery wall associated with lipid metabolism imbalance and maladaptive immune response, which mediates most cardiovascular events. First-line drugs such as statins and antiplatelet drug aspirin have shown good effects against atherosclerosis but may lead to certain side effects. Thus, the development of new, safer, and less toxic agents for atherosclerosis is urgently needed. Diosgenin and its analogs have gained importance for their efficacy against life-threatening diseases, including cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous system diseases, and cancer. Diosgenin and its analogs are widely found in the rhizomes of Dioscore, Solanum, and other species and share similar chemical structures and pharmacological effects. Recent data suggested diosgenin plays an anti-atherosclerosis role through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, plasma cholesterol-lowering, anti-proliferation, and anti-thrombotic effects. However, a review of the effects of diosgenin and its natural structure analogs on AS is still lacking. This review summarizes the effects of diosgenin and its analogs on vascular endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, migration and calcification, lipid metabolism, and inflammation, and provides a new overview of its anti-atherosclerosis mechanism. Besides, the structures, sources, safety, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and biological availability are introduced to reveal the limitations and challenges of current studies, hoping to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of diosgenin and its analogs and provide a new idea for developing new agents for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaolong Wang, Tel +86 13501991450, Fax +86 21 51322445, Email
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Kirac D, Yaman AE, Doran T, Mihmanli M, Keles EC. COX-1, COX-2 and CYP2C19 variations may be related to cardiovascular events due to acetylsalicylic acid resistance. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3007-3014. [PMID: 35000048 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In some stent implanted patients, cardiovascular events (CE) may occur. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is routinely administered to these patients in order to prevent the occurrence of CE. CE may be related to gene variations which cause ASA resistance (AR). Therefore, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between COX-1, COX-2, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 variations with CE due to AR. MATERIALS AND RESULTS Seventy-four stent implanted patients, using 100 mg of ASA per day during five years were enrolled into the study. Following stent implantation, thirty-eight patients who had a CE within five years due to AR and 36 patients without CE were enrolled in patient and control group, respectively. AR was confirmed by platelet aggregation testing. After DNA isolation from blood; COX-1, COX-2, CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 variations were investigated with real-time polymerase chain reaction. At the end of this study, heterozygous genotype of COX-1 was found statistically high in patients whereas heterozygous genotype of CYP2C19*17 was found statistically high in controls. The presence of C and G allele in COX-1 and COX-2 were found statistically high in patients, respectively. The presence of T allele in CYP2C19*17 was found statistically high in controls. Heterozygous genotype of COX-1 variation was found statistically high in patients who have AR. Additionally heterozygous genotype of CYP2C19*17 was found statistically high in patients who have low thrombosis risk. CONCLUSIONS COX-1 and COX-2 gene mutations may increase the risk of CE due to AR whereas CYP2C19*17 may have a protective effect in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Kirac
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Aysun Erdem Yaman
- Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tansu Doran
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mujgan Mihmanli
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Cigdem Keles
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Li Y, Jin Y, He X, Tang Y, Zhou M, Guo W, Miao W. Cyclo(RGD) peptide-decorated silver nanoparticles with anti-platelet potential for active platelet-rich thrombus targeting. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 41:102520. [PMID: 35038589 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of integrated nanomedicine for prevention and early diagnosis of thrombosis is highly significant. Platelet plays a vital role in thrombotic disorders, offering an ideal target for thromboprophylaxis and imaging of thrombi. We herein fabricated cyclo(RGD) peptide-decorated AgNPs (designated cRGD-AgNPs) for active targeting platelet-rich thrombi. In vitro cytotoxicity and hemolysis assays demonstrated that cRGD-AgNPs have acceptable biocompatibility pattern. Both PEG-AgNPs (non-targeted version) and cRGD-AgNPs can inhibit agonist-mediated platelet aggregation, whereas the latter exhibited significant attenuation on platelet activation and adhesion onto collagen and fibrinogen matrix. Furthermore, the superior binding ability of cRGD-AgNPs with platelet-rich thrombus was demonstrated in static/dynamic condition in vitro. In vivo studies revealed that cRGD-AgNPs could actively target thrombi in a mouse model of carotid artery thrombi with favorable safety. Our results here suggest that cRGD-AgNPs with intrinsic anti-platelet potential might be promising nano theranostics for thromboprophylaxis and active thrombus targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yangye Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yonghui Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wenjun Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China.
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Zhang L, Lv Y, Dong J, Wang N, Zhan Z, Zhao Y, Jiang S. Assessment of Risk Factors for Drug Resistance of Dual Anti Platelet Therapy After PCI. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2022; 28:10760296221083674. [PMID: 35275501 PMCID: PMC8921763 DOI: 10.1177/10760296221083674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since aspirin and clopidogrel are the widely and conventionally used drugs to treat acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), it is important to explore potential risk factors of their resistance. The platelet aggregation rate with arachidonic acid (AA, PAg-AA%) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP, PAg-ADP%) of 219 PCI patients were measured after standard treatment for 24 h. The disease history and laboratory data (before PCI) were obtained. We found 101 (46.12%) patients to be aspirin-resistant, and PAg-ADP% was the most prominent risk factor of aspirin resistance. Clopidogrel resistance was present in 157 of 219 patients. Patients in the clopidogrel-resistant group carried more CYP2C19*3 or *2, which was associated with higher clopidogrel resistance in this group (69.11%, 47/68) than in the control group (64.29%, 36/56). Platelet count (109/L) and hemoglobin (g/L) were the prominent risk factors of clopidogrel resistance. Among the 219 patients, 98 showed dual antiplatelet drug resistance, for which platelet count (109/L) and monocyte count (g/L) were the risk factors. Aspirin resistance was found to usually accompany clopidogrel resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhang
- Institute of Hematological Research, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Institute of Hematological Research, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianyu Dong
- Institute of Hematological Research, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Nana Wang
- Central laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhan Zhan
- Inspection Center of Hubei Medical Products Administration (Hubei Center for Vaccine Inspection), Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Institute of Hematological Research, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Institute of Hematological Research, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
- Shanshan Jiang, Institute of Hematological Research, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 256 West Youyi road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 71000, China.
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10
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Jia W, Jia Q, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Wang Y. Association between insulin resistance and aspirin or clopidogrel resistance in Chinese patients with recent ischemic stroke/TIA. Neurol Res 2021; 43:406-411. [PMID: 33455562 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1866371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to discover whether insulin resistance is an independent predictor for antiplatelet drug resistance in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease.Methods: This study used a prospective cohort method. Patients diagnosed as minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) were enrolled successively. All patients have been administrated aspirin and/or clopidogrel and were tested for fasting glucose and insulin and platelet aggregation inhibition tests which was detected by light transmission aggregometry (LTA). The maximum platelet aggregation rate (AA) of ≥20% or the maximum platelet aggregation rate (ADP) of ≥50% was defined as antiplatelet drug resistance. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate the association between HOMA-IR and antiplatelet drug resistance.Results: This study recruited successively 237 patients with mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke or TIA in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from 2018 to 2019. Of them 60 cases were recognized as having insulin resistance. There are 46 patients in insulin resistance group (76.7%) developed antiplatelet drug resistance, which was significantly more frequent than patients without insulin resistance (35%, P < 0.0001). Insulin resistance was an independent risk factor for antiplatelet drug resistance in patients with recent ischemic stroke/TIA after adjusted for confounding factors (Odds Ratio 5.281; 95%CI, 2.15 to 13.01, P < 0.0001).Conclusions: Insulin resistance was an independent predictor for development of antiplatelet drug resistance in patients with recent minor ischemic stroke or TIA. More attention should be paid to recognize these patients and antithrombotic effect should be monitored when antiplatelet drugs were applied to these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Jia
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of neurology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, China
| | - Qian Jia
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of neurology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of neurology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of neurology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of neurology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, China
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11
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O'Kennedy N, Duttaroy AK. Platelet hyperactivity in COVID-19: Can the tomato extract Fruitflow® be used as an antiplatelet regime? Med Hypotheses 2021; 147:110480. [PMID: 33421690 PMCID: PMC7781513 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is now considered a global public health threat. The primary focus has been on reducing the viral spread and treating respiratory symptoms; as time goes on, the impact of COVID-19 on neurological and haemostatic systems becomes more evident. The clinical data suggest that platelet hyperactivity plays a role in the pathology of COVID-19 from its onset and that platelets may serve critical functions during COVID‐19 progression. Hyperactivation of blood platelets and the coagulation system are emerging as important drivers of inflammation and may be linked to the severity of the ‘cytokine storm’ induced in severe cases of COVID-19, in which disseminated intravascular coagulation, and platelet hyperactivity are associated with poor prognosis and increased risk of mortality. We propose that targeting platelet hyperactivity in the early stages of COVID-19 infection may reduce the immunothrombotic complications of COVID-19 and subdue the systemic inflammatory response. Lowering baseline platelet activity may be of particular importance for higher-risk groups. As an alternative to antiplatelet drugs, an inappropriate intervention in public health, we propose that the dietary antiplatelet agent Fruitflow®, derived from tomatoes, may be considered a suitable therapy. Fruitflow® contains antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory compounds that target the mechanisms of platelet activation specific to COVID-19 and can be considered a safe and natural antiplatelet regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh O'Kennedy
- Provexis PLC, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
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12
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Ruzov VI, Goryachaya MN, Altynbaeva EN, Sharafutdinova RR, Peshne EN, Kostishko BB. [Serum concentration of phospholipase A2 and platelet aggregation during hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOI FIZICHESKOI KULTURY 2021; 98:32-39. [PMID: 34719906 DOI: 10.17116/kurort20219805132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) for correction of platelet haemostasis disorders in coronary heart disease (CHD) is reasonable due to the associated hypocoagulation. However, in practice, the baseline state of platelet activity is not considered when prescribing HBO therapy. Available publications lack information on structural changes in the platelet membrane associated with the of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, and on the HBO effect on the various steps of hemostasis. OBJECTIVE To study changes in serum PLA2 concentration and its relation to platelet aggregation activity during HBO in patients with stable CHD. MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined 42 patients with stable angina FC II-III, 27 received antiplatelet therapy (Cardiomagnyl 75 mg: acetylsalicylic acid + magnesium hydroxide), and 15 patients did not. All patients received a 10-day course of HBO at 1.2 atmosphere mode for 40 min. Platelet hemostasis and serum PLA2 concentration were evaluated. Platelet aggregation was tested using Biola LA-230-2 aggregation analyzer (Biola Scientific, Russia). The platelets count and mean platelet volume (MPV) were determined on a Mindray BS-3200 hematology analyzer (Mindray, China). PLA2 levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay using Model 680 microplate reader (Bio-Rad, USA). Residual platelet reactivity was evaluated by 5.0 ADP-induced aggregation. RESULTS Assessment of the HBO effect on the functional state of platelets depending on their aggregation activity and the therapy taken showed a significant increase in spontaneous aggregation and ADP-induced aggregation at inducer concentration of 1.0 μM (p=0.049) in patients with baseline hyperaggregation taking Cardiomagnyl after HBO. No significant changes in PLA2 concentration were observed. At the same time, patients with baseline hyperaggregation who did not take antiplatelet agents had no changes in platelet aggregation activity and a decreased serum PLA2. In patients with baseline normal aggregation receiving an antiplatelet drug, a course of HBO had no effect on platelet aggregation activity and PLA2 level. In patients with baseline normal aggregation who did not take antiplatelet agents, a course of HBO resulted in significant decrease in PLA2 levels and no changes in platelet aggregation activity. In patients with low aggregation activity (hypoaggregation) who took antiplatelet agents, a significant increase in spontaneous aggregation and no change of serum PLA2 after an HBO course was observed. CONCLUSION The study showed a divergent response to the hyperbaric oxygen, depending on the antiplatelet therapy and the background aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Ruzov
- Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | - E N Peshne
- Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russia
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13
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Ferreira M, Freitas-Silva M, Assis J, Pinto R, Nunes JP, Medeiros R. The emergent phenomenon of aspirin resistance: insights from genetic association studies. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:125-140. [PMID: 31957546 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical benefits of aspirin, the interindividual variation in response to this antiplatelet drug is considerable. The manifestation of aspirin resistance (AR) is frequently observed, although this complex process remains poorly understood. While AR etiology is likely to be multifactorial, genetic factors appear to be preponderant. According to several genetic association studies, both genome-wide and candidate gene studies, numerous SNPs in cyclooxygenase, thromboxane and platelet receptors-related genes have been identified as capable of negatively affecting aspirin action. Thus, it is essential to understand the clinical relevance of AR-related SNPs as potential predictive and prognostic biomarkers as they may be essential to defining the AR phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Ferreira
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group-Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Edifício Laboratórios, 4º piso, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-4072 Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Freitas-Silva
- FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, & Department of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal, Alameda Prof Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Assis
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group-Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Edifício Laboratórios, 4º piso, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-4072 Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, & Department of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal, Alameda Prof Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Pinto
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group-Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Edifício Laboratórios, 4º piso, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-4072 Porto, Portugal
| | - José P Nunes
- FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, & Department of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal, Alameda Prof Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group-Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Edifício Laboratórios, 4º piso, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-4072 Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, & Department of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal, Alameda Prof Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal.,Department of Research, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Estrada Interior da Circunvalação, 6657, 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
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14
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Effect of prediabetes on asprin or clopidogrel resistance in patients with recent ischemic stroke/TIA. Neurol Sci 2020; 42:2829-2835. [PMID: 33179196 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04881-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus (DM) had been discovered as an independent risk factor for high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) in patients with ischemic stroke. However, studies on the relationship between prediabetes and the occurrence of HPR remain scarce. This study is aimed at clarifying the association between prediabetes and HPR among patients with recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic stroke (TIA). METHODS Patients with ischemic stroke or TIA within 90 days after onset were recruited consecutively. All patients were divided into three groups: DM, prediabetes, and normal glucose tolerance according to fasting glucose, HbA1c, or OGTT. Three months later, all patients were performed platelet aggregation inhibition test and screened for high on-treatment platelet reactivity. The effect of prediabetes on HPR was analyzed in a multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS This study recruited 237 patients with ischemic stroke or TIA, including 57 cases with prediabetes, 108 with DM, and 72 with normal glucose tolerance. Aspirin and/or clopidogrel resistance was discovered in 28 cases among prediabetes group, which was significantly more frequent than normal glucose tolerance group(49.1% versus 33.3%, P = 0.046). After adjusting for confounding factors, prediabetes was found as an independent risk factor for high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) among patients with recent ischemic stroke or TIA (odds ratio 2.92; 95% CI, 1.29 to 6.63, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Prediabetes was an independent risk factor for high on-treatment platelet reactivity in patients with recent ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Patients with prediabetes should be highlighted for the efficacy test of antiplatelet drugs.
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15
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Zhang RL, Lo HH, Lei C, Ip N, Chen J, Law BYK. Current pharmacological intervention and development of targeting IVIG resistance in Kawasaki disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 54:72-81. [PMID: 32956895 PMCID: PMC7500898 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease is an acute childhood self-limited vasculitis, causing the swelling or inflammation of medium-sized arteries, eventually leading to cardiovascular problems such as coronary artery aneurysms. Acetylsalicylic acid combined with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the standard treatment of Kawasaki disease (KD). However, a rising number of IVIG resistant cases were reported with severe disease complications such as the KD Shock Syndrome or KD-Macrophage activation syndrome. Recent reports have depicted the overlapped number of children with SARS-CoV-2 and KD, which was called multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Simultaneously, the incidence rate of KD-like diseases are increased after the outbreak of COVID-19, suggesting the virus may be associated with KD. New intervention is important to overcome the problem of IVIG treatment resistance. This review aims to introduce the current pharmacological intervention and possible resistance genes for the discovery of new drug for IVIG resistant KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, SAR China
| | - Hang Hong Lo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, SAR China
| | - Cheng Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macao, SAR China
| | - Nikki Ip
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, SAR China
| | - Juan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Betty Yuen-Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, SAR China.
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16
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Cai H, Cai B, Sun L, Zhang H, Zhou S, Cao L, Guo H, Sun W, Yan B, Davis SM, Zhang Z, Liu X. Association between PTGS1 polymorphisms and functional outcomes in Chinese patients with stroke during aspirin therapy: Interaction with smoking. J Neurol Sci 2017; 376:211-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Advances in clinical neurology through the journal "Neurological Sciences" (2015-2016). Neurol Sci 2017; 38:9-18. [PMID: 28093657 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-2815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Pogue AI, Lukiw WJ. Natural and Synthetic Neurotoxins in Our Environment: From Alzheimer's Disease (AD) to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE & PARKINSONISM 2016; 6:249. [PMID: 27747136 PMCID: PMC5059837 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0460.1000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter J Lukiw
- Alchem Biotech, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA 70112, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA 70112, USA
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19
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O'Kennedy N, Raederstorff D, Duttaroy AK. Fruitflow ®: the first European Food Safety Authority-approved natural cardio-protective functional ingredient. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:461-482. [PMID: 27388464 PMCID: PMC5334395 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactive platelets, in addition to their roles in thrombosis, are also important mediators of atherogenesis. Antiplatelet drugs are not suitable for use where risk of a cardiovascular event is relatively low. It is therefore important to find alternative safe antiplatelet inhibitors for the vulnerable population who has hyperactive platelets in order to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Potent antiplatelet factors were identified in water-soluble tomato extract (Fruitflow®), which significantly inhibited platelet aggregation. Human volunteer studies demonstrated the potency and bioavailability of active compounds in Fruitflow®. Fruitflow® became the first product in Europe to obtain an approved, proprietary health claim under Article 13(5) of the European Health Claims Regulation 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods. Fruitflow® is now commercially available in different countries worldwide. In addition to its reduction in platelet reactivity, Fruitflow® contains anti-angiotensin-converting enzyme and anti-inflammatory factors, making it an effective and natural cardio-protective functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh O'Kennedy
- Provexis PLC, Reading, UK.,Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, POB 1046, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
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