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Assessment and Scientific Progresses in the Analysis of Olfactory Evoked Potentials. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9060252. [PMID: 35735495 PMCID: PMC9219708 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9060252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human sense of smell is important for many vital functions, but with the current state of the art, there is a lack of objective and non-invasive methods for smell disorder diagnostics. In recent years, increasing attention is being paid to olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) of the brain, as a viable tool for the objective assessment of olfactory dysfunctions. The aim of this review is to describe the main features of OERPs signals, the most widely used recording and processing techniques, and the scientific progress and relevance in the use of OERPs in many important application fields. In particular, the innovative role of OERPs is exploited in olfactory disorders that can influence emotions and personality or can be potential indicators of the onset or progression of neurological disorders. For all these reasons, this review presents and analyzes the latest scientific results and future challenges in the use of OERPs signals as an attractive solution for the objective monitoring technique of olfactory disorders.
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Raggi A, Lanza G, Ferri R. Auditory mismatch negativity in bipolar disorder: a focused review. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:17-30. [PMID: 33837681 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The auditory mismatch negativity, a component of the event-related potential elicited by an unexpected stimulus in a sequence of acoustic stimuli, provides an objective measure of the accuracy of the echoic information processing of the human brain in vivo. Auditory mismatch negativity is also a useful probe of cortical glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activity and disturbance. Notably, auditory mismatch negativity is consistently impaired in schizophrenia. Because of the wide spectrum extending from bipolar affective illness and schizoaffective psychosis to typical schizophrenia, we examined the literature on auditory mismatch negativity in bipolar disorder with the aim to find any neurophysiological dysfunction concerning pre-attentive information processing shared by these clinical conditions. This focused review includes 26 original articles published in peer-reviewed journals and indexed in the National Institutes of Health National Library of Medicine (PubMed) search system. Overall, evidence is consistent with the finding that auditory mismatch negativity is impaired in bipolar disorder with psychotic features, even though to a lesser extent than in schizophrenia. It must be acknowledged that, in a few twin and family studies, mismatch negativity abnormalities were not specifically associated with bipolar disorder. In conclusion, auditory mismatch negativity research supports the involvement of the N-methyl-d-aspartate system in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, as previously assessed for schizophrenia, thus creating an intriguing trait d'union between these two mental illnesses and stimulating the development of novel therapeutic agents. With additional replication and validation, auditory mismatch negativity may be further considered as a correlate of a common psychopathology of schizophrenia and bipolar spectrum illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Raggi
- Unit of Neurology, G.B. Morgagni - L. Pierantoni Hospital, Via Carlo Forlanini 34, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Department of Neurology IC, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Department of Neurology IC, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy
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Effect of lighting illuminance and colour temperature on mental workload in an office setting. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15284. [PMID: 34315983 PMCID: PMC8316362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94795-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mental workload of subjects was tested under different lighting conditions, with colour temperatures ranging from 3000 to 6500 K and illuminance ranging from 300 to 1000 lx. We used both psychological and physiological responses for evaluation. The former was based on NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX, NASA), and the latter was based on the electroencephalogram (EEG) P3b analysis of event-related potentials using the “oddball” paradigm experimental task. The results show that as illuminance increases, and the response time becomes longer with a colour temperature of 3000 K (P < 0.01). However, when the colour temperature is set at 6500 K, the response time becomes shorter as the illuminance increases (P < 0.01). P3b amplitudes were significantly affected by colour temperature (P = 0.009) and illuminance (P = 0.038) levels. The highest amplitudes occurred at 3000 K and 750 lx, which is consistent with the trend shown by the subjective scale. The data analysis of error rates is not significant. These results suggest that an office environment with a colour temperature of 3000 K and illumination of 750 lx, which exerts the lowest mental workload, is the most suitable for working. However, the interaction between colour temperature and illuminance in affecting the mental workload of participants is not clear. This work provides more appropriate lighting choices with colour temperature and illuminance to reduce people’s mental workload in office settings.
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Paolicelli D, Manni A, Iaffaldano A, Tancredi G, Ricci K, Gentile E, Viterbo RG, Quitadamo SG, de Tommaso M, Trojano M. Magnetoencephalography and High-Density Electroencephalography Study of Acoustic Event Related Potentials in Early Stage of Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study on Cognitive Impairment and Fatigue. Brain Sci 2021; 11:481. [PMID: 33918861 PMCID: PMC8069556 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common and disabling symptom of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) with a negative impact on daily living. In this pilot study, we applied magnetoencephalography (MEG) and high density (hd) electroencephalography (EEG) study to evaluate acoustic P300 features in a cohort of early MS. Sixteen MS patients (pwMS) and 19 healthy controls (HCs) matched for age and gender underwent an MEG-/(hd)-EEG-co-recording, using 306-channel Vectorview and 64 scalp electrodes. CI was assessed using Rao's Brief Repeatable Battery (BRB). Moreover, we performed psychometric tests to assess depression and fatigue. In pwMS, we observed a slight latency prolongation of P300 peak compared to HCs, while P300 amplitude and scalp distribution were similar in the two groups. pwMS did not show an amplitude reduction and different scalp distribution of Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) and Event Related Fields (ERFs) related to an acoustic oddball paradigm. We found an inverse correlation between P300 amplitude and fatigue (r Spearman = -0.4; p = 0.019). In pwMS, phenomena of cortical adaptation to early dysfunction could preserve the cognitive performance of the P300 acoustic task, while the development of fatigue could prospectively lead to amplitude decline of P300, suggesting its possible role as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Paolicelli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.I.); (G.T.); (K.R.); (R.G.V.); (S.G.Q.); (M.d.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Alessia Manni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.I.); (G.T.); (K.R.); (R.G.V.); (S.G.Q.); (M.d.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Antonio Iaffaldano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.I.); (G.T.); (K.R.); (R.G.V.); (S.G.Q.); (M.d.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Giusy Tancredi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.I.); (G.T.); (K.R.); (R.G.V.); (S.G.Q.); (M.d.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Katia Ricci
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.I.); (G.T.); (K.R.); (R.G.V.); (S.G.Q.); (M.d.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Eleonora Gentile
- Basic Health District, Family Counseling Center, ASP (Local Health Company), 85038 Senise, Italy;
| | - Rosa Gemma Viterbo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.I.); (G.T.); (K.R.); (R.G.V.); (S.G.Q.); (M.d.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Silvia Giovanna Quitadamo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.I.); (G.T.); (K.R.); (R.G.V.); (S.G.Q.); (M.d.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Marina de Tommaso
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.I.); (G.T.); (K.R.); (R.G.V.); (S.G.Q.); (M.d.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Maria Trojano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.I.); (G.T.); (K.R.); (R.G.V.); (S.G.Q.); (M.d.T.); (M.T.)
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