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Lin IF, Kondo HM. Brain circuits in autonomous sensory meridian response and related phenomena. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230252. [PMID: 39005041 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) is characterized by a tingling sensation with a feeling of relaxation and a state of flow. We explore the neural underpinnings and comorbidities of ASMR and related phenomena with altered sensory processing. These phenomena include sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), synaesthesia, Alice in Wonderland syndrome and misophonia. The objective of this article is to uncover the shared neural substrates and distinctive features of ASMR and its counterparts. ASMR, SPS and misophonia exhibit common activations in the brain regions associated with social cognition, emotion regulation and empathy. Nevertheless, ASMR responders display reduced connectivity in the salience network (SN), while individuals with SPS exhibit increased connectivity in the SN. Furthermore, ASMR induces relaxation and temporarily reduces symptoms of depression, in contrast to SPS and misophonia, which are linked to depression. These observations lead us to propose that ASMR is a distinct phenomenon owing to its attention dispatch mechanism and its connection with emotion regulation. We suggest that increased activations in the insula, along with reduction in connectivity within the salience and default mode networks in ASMR responders, may account for their experiences of relaxation and flow states. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sensing and feeling: an integrative approach to sensory processing and emotional experience'.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Fan Lin
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hirohito M Kondo
- School of Psychology, Chukyo University, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8666, Japan
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2
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Kobayashi Y, Tazawa KI, Mochizuki Y, Kondo Y, Yamamoto K, Sekijima Y. Two Cases of Alice in Wonderland Syndrome with a Right Occipital Lobe Lesion Caused by Isolated Cortical Venous Thrombosis. Intern Med 2024; 63:2083-2087. [PMID: 38044156 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2092-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alice in Wonderland syndrome (AIWS) is extremely rare, occurring more often in young individuals than in older adults. Symptoms of this syndrome typically include an altered body image, size perception, and time perception. However, the pathophysiology and lesions responsible for this syndrome remain unclear. In most cases, specific lesions cannot be identified using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Two patients with isolated cortical venous thrombosis in the right occipital area experienced transient visual symptoms of AIWS. Furthermore, a literature search indicated that AIWS with visual distortions is associated with right occipital lobe lesions, supporting the findings of our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, Nagano Municipal Hospital, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Ina Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Ko-Ichi Tazawa
- Department of Neurology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Yasufumi Kondo
- Department of Neurology, Nagano Municipal Hospital, Japan
| | - Kanji Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, Nagano Municipal Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sekijima
- Department of Medicine (Neurology & Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan
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3
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Spierer R. Lewis Carroll's personality and the possibility of epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 158:109909. [PMID: 39003946 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Lewis Carroll's classic Alice in Wonderland describes Alice's fantastical experiences so similarly to the actual phenomenology of the eponymous syndrome, that it has been previously suggested that Carroll himself experienced it. The syndrome is mostly associated with migrainous aura, and naturally, Carroll was postmortemly "diagnosed" as a migraineur. However, when considering his unique personality profile, it appears that he might have had temporal lobe epilepsy.
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4
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Friedrich MU, Baughan EC, Kletenik I, Younger E, Zhao CW, Howard C, Ferguson MA, Schaper FLWVJ, Chen A, Zeller D, Piervincenzi C, Tommasin S, Pantano P, Blanke O, Prasad S, Nielsen JA, Fox MD. Lesions Causing Alice in Wonderland Syndrome Map to a Common Brain Network Linking Body and Size Perception. Ann Neurol 2024. [PMID: 38949221 DOI: 10.1002/ana.27015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alice in Wonderland syndrome (AIWS) profoundly affects human perception of size and scale, particularly regarding one's own body and the environment. Its neuroanatomical basis has remained elusive, partly because brain lesions causing AIWS can occur in different brain regions. Here, we aimed to determine if brain lesions causing AIWS map to a distributed brain network. METHODS A retrospective case-control study analyzing 37 cases of lesion-induced AIWS identified through systematic literature review was conducted. Using resting-state functional connectome data from 1,000 healthy individuals, the whole-brain connections of each lesion were estimated and contrasted with those from a control dataset comprising 1,073 lesions associated with 25 other neuropsychiatric syndromes. Additionally, connectivity findings from lesion-induced AIWS cases were compared with functional neuroimaging results from 5 non-lesional AIWS cases. RESULTS AIWS-associated lesions were located in various brain regions with minimal overlap (≤33%). However, the majority of lesions (≥85%) demonstrated shared connectivity to the right extrastriate body area, known to be selectively activated by viewing body part images, and the inferior parietal cortex, involved in size and scale judgements. This pattern was uniquely characteristic of AIWS when compared with other neuropsychiatric disorders (family-wise error-corrected p < 0.05) and consistent with functional neuroimaging observations in AIWS due to nonlesional causes (median correlation r = 0.56, interquartile range 0.24). INTERPRETATION AIWS-related perceptual distortions map to one common brain network, encompassing regions critical for body representation and size-scale processing. These findings lend insight into the neuroanatomical localization of higher-order perceptual functions, and may inform future therapeutic strategies for perceptual disorders. ANN NEUROL 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian U Friedrich
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Isaiah Kletenik
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ellen Younger
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charlie W Zhao
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Calvin Howard
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Michael A Ferguson
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Frederic L W V J Schaper
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amalie Chen
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel Zeller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Silvia Tommasin
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pantano
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sashank Prasad
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Jared A Nielsen
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Michael D Fox
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Ceriani CEJ. Beyond Vertigo: Vestibular, Aural, and Perceptual Symptoms in Vestibular Migraine. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024; 28:633-639. [PMID: 38780828 PMCID: PMC11271338 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-024-01245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the vestibular, aural, and perceptual symptoms of vestibular migraine (VM) that may present alongside vertigo. RECENT FINDINGS Increased research attention to the wide spectrum of symptoms presenting in VM patients has improved understanding of this disorder, with recent identification of five different VM phenotypes. Research into the clinical overlap between VM and other chronic vestibular syndromes such as persistent postural-perceptual dizziness and mal-de-debarquement syndrome reveals a range of vestibular symptoms and hints at pathophysiological connections between migraine and vestibular dysfunction. Studies of migraine treatment for hearing loss suggest patients presenting with aural symptoms may have an underlying diagnosis of migraine and deserve a trial of migraine preventives. Research into the neurologic basis of the perceptual disorder Alice in Wonderland syndrome has revealed brain areas that are likely involved and may help explain its prevalence in VM patients. VM is a sensory processing disorder that presents with more than just vertigo. Understanding the range of potential symptoms improves diagnosis and treatment for migraine patients whose diagnosis may be missed when only the symptoms identified in the diagnostic criteria are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E J Ceriani
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Headache Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut St., Ste 200, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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Fitzek MP, Mecklenburg J, Overeem LH, Lange KS, Siebert A, Triller P, Neeb L, Dreier JP, Kondziella D, Reuter U, Raffaelli B. Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS): prevalence and characteristics in adults with migraine. J Neurol 2024:10.1007/s00415-024-12471-5. [PMID: 38822148 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS) is a sensory disorder characterized by a distorted somatosensory and/or visual perception. Additionally, distortion of time perception and symptoms of derealization/depersonalization may occur. AIWS is frequently associated with migraine. However, its prevalence, and clinical characteristics remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the prevalence and features of AIWS in individuals with migraine. We hypothesized AIWS is more frequent in migraine patients with aura than in those without aura. METHODS This was a prospective cross-sectional cohort study, conducted at a tertiary headache center. Participants with migraine filled out questionnaires, providing details on demographics, headache, AIWS characteristics and the occurrence of transient visual phenomena such as fragmented vision. RESULTS Of 808 migraine patients, 133 individuals (16.5%, mean age 44.4 ± 13.3 years, 87% women) reported AIWS symptoms throughout their lives. Micro- and/or telopsia (72.9%) were most frequent, followed by micro- and/or macrosomatognosia (49.6%), and macro- and/or pelopsia (38.3%), lasting on average half an hour. AIWS symptoms occurred in association with headache in 65.1% of individuals, and 53.7% had their first AIWS episode at the age of 18 years or earlier. Migraine patients with aura were more likely to report AIWS symptoms than those without aura (19.5% vs. 14.1%, p = 0.04). Participants with AIWS reported a higher incidence of 17 out of the 22 investigated visual phenomena. CONCLUSION AIWS symptoms appear to be a common lifetime phenomenon in migraine patients. The correlation and clinical parallels between AIWS and migraine aura could indicate shared underlying pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira P Fitzek
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Junior Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasper Mecklenburg
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucas H Overeem
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin S Lange
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Siebert
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Triller
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Neeb
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Helios Global Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens P Dreier
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, GermanyUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Kondziella
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Uwe Reuter
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bianca Raffaelli
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
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Hosokawa K, Oi K, Hitomi T, Mitsueda T, Nakagawa T, Ikeda A. [A case of Alice in Wonderland syndrome after Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encephalitis: a mimicry of focal epileptic seizure]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2024; 64:99-104. [PMID: 38281750 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
A 30-year-old man who received infliximab for treatment of Crohn's disease developed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encephalitis, which responded well to therapy; however, he had left lower visual field loss following treatment. The patient noticed peculiar symptoms 9 months after recovery from encephalitis; objects in his view appeared smaller or larger than their actual size (micropsia/macropsia). Moreover, it appeared that objects outside moved faster or slower than their actual speed of movements and moving objects appeared as a series of many consecutive snap shots. His vision was blurred, and he had visual difficulties and a sensation that his body was floating. These symptoms mainly appeared following fatigue and persisted over approximately 10 years. Based on cerebrospinal fluid analysis, brain MRI, N-isopropyl-p-123I-iodoamphetamine with single photon emission computed tomography, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and electroencephalography, we excluded both recurrent encephalitis and focal epileptic seizures. By taking all symptoms and other evaluation findings into account, the patient most likely suffered from "Alice in Wonderland syndrome" which is primarily associated with cortical dysfunction in the right temporo-parieto-occipital area as the consequence of previous acute EBV encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Hosokawa
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
- Present address: Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Minami Kyoto Hospital
| | - Kazuki Oi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
- Present address: Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Nara Medical Center
| | - Takefumi Hitomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Tomokazu Nakagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tazuke Kofukai, Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital
- Present address: Department of Neurology, Takatsuki Red Cross Hospital
| | - Akio Ikeda
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
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Biggi M, Contento M, Magliani M, Giovannelli G, Barilaro A, Bessi V, Lombardo I, Massacesi L, Rosati E. Alice in wonderland syndrome "through the looking-glass" in a rare presentation of non-convulsive status epilepticus in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and COVID-19. Cortex 2023; 167:218-222. [PMID: 37572532 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS) is a rare perceptual disorder, rarely associated with epileptic etiology. We report the case of a 23-year-old man with subacute onset of right peri-orbital headache and visual misperceptions consistent with AIWS Type B, who underwent laboratory tests, brain CT with venography, ophthalmic examination, and neurological assessment that turned out to be normal except for visuospatial difficulties and constructional apraxia. A nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV2 swab taken as screening protocol was positive. The EEG performed because of the persistence of AIWS showed a focal right temporo-occipital non-convulsive status epilepticus; a slow resolution of clinical and EEG alterations was achieved with anti-seizure medications. Brain MRI showed right cortical temporo-occipital signal abnormalities consistent with peri-ictal changes and post-contrast T1 revealed a superior sagittal sinus thrombosis, thus anticoagulant therapy was initiated. AIWS is associated with temporo-parieto-occipital carrefour abnormalities, where visual and somatosensory inputs are integrated to generate the representation of body schema. In this patient, AIWS is caused by temporo-occipital status epilepticus without anatomical and electroencephalographic involvement of the parietal region, consistent with the absence of somatosensory symptoms of the syndrome. Status epilepticus can be the presenting symptom of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) which, in this case, is possibly due to the hypercoagulable state associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Biggi
- Department of Neurosciences, Drug and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M Contento
- Department of Neurosciences, Drug and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Neurology, Pordenone Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - M Magliani
- Department of Neurosciences, Drug and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - G Giovannelli
- Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - A Barilaro
- Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - V Bessi
- Department of Neurosciences, Drug and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - I Lombardo
- Department of Neuroradiology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - L Massacesi
- Department of Neurosciences, Drug and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - E Rosati
- Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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Piervincenzi C, Petsas N, Viganò A, Mancini V, Mastria G, Puma M, Giannì C, Di Piero V, Pantano P. Functional connectivity alterations in migraineurs with Alice in Wonderland syndrome. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:305-317. [PMID: 36114397 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Alice in Wonderland syndrome (AIWS) is a neurological disorder characterized by erroneous perception of the body schema or surrounding space. Migraine is the primary cause of AIWS in adults. The pathophysiology of AIWS is largely unknown, especially regarding functional abnormalities. In this study, we compared resting-state functional connectivity (FC) of migraine patients experiencing AIWS, migraine patients with typical aura (MA) and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Twelve AIWS, 12 MA, and 24 HCs were enrolled and underwent 3 T MRI scanning. Independent component analysis was used to identify RSNs thought to be relevant for AIWS: visual, salience, basal ganglia, default mode, and executive control networks. Dual regression technique was used to detect between-group differences in RSNs. Finally, AIWS-specific FC alterations were correlated with clinical measures. RESULTS With respect to HCs, AIWS and MA patients both showed significantly lower (p < 0.05, FDR corrected) FC in lateral and medial visual networks and higher FC in salience and default mode networks. AIWS patients alone showed higher FC in basal ganglia and executive control networks than HCs. When directly compared, AIWS patients showed lower FC in visual networks and higher FC in all other investigated RSNs than MA patients. Lastly, AIWS-specific FC alterations in the executive control network positively correlated with migraine frequency. CONCLUSIONS AIWS and MA patients showed similar FC alterations in several RSNs, although to a different extent, suggesting common pathophysiological underpinnings. However, AIWS patients showed additional FC alterations, likely due to the complexity of AIWS symptoms involving high-order associative cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valentina Mancini
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Mastria
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,My Space Lab, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marta Puma
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Costanza Giannì
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Vittorio Di Piero
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pantano
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
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