1
|
Mubarak AG, Abd-Elhafeez HH, Mohamed HMA. Molecular characterization of Helicobacter pylori isolated from Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and fish handlers. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:250. [PMID: 38031127 PMCID: PMC10685712 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is a worldwide pathogen that affects both animals and humans with a wide environmental distribution, causing serious health problems in humans. This research has timely addressed the topic of new sources of H. pylori infection, which is currently a global issue, especially in developing countries. For this purpose, 115 Tilapia fish, 50 freshwater samples, and 88 fish-handlers' stool samples were investigated for the presence of H. pylori in Qena Governorate, Egypt. The applied techniques were antigen screening tests, culturing, and molecular methods through ureC gene amplification, and 16 S rRNA characterization. RESULTS Helicobacter pylori was detected in 7.83%, 14%, 4.35%, and 12% of the investigated fish and water samples by culture and PCR methods, respectively. Out of the total studied participants, 40 tested positive for H. pylori when screened by stool antigen test, of which 35 (39.77%), and 31 (35.23%) were confirmed by conventional and molecular techniques, respectively. The Fisher's exact test has shown a statistically significant correlation between H. pylori infection, sex, and age as risk factors, while the association was insignificant concerning the residence. Males contracted the infection at a higher rate than females (48.08% and 16.67%, respectively). Also, H. pylori infection rate was the highest among fish-handlers aged 36-45 years old (46.67%), followed by the 26-35 years old age group (39.53%). With regard to the residence, a higher occurrence rate was recorded in the rural (36.07%) than the urban population (33.33%). Helicobacter pylori isolates harbored the highest antimicrobial resistance against ampicillin (100%), metronidazole (95.24%), while the least antimicrobial resistance was recorded against levofloxacin (21.43%), and clarithromycin (26.20%). The phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of homology between the isolates selected from Tilapia fish, freshwater, and fish-handlers. CONCLUSIONS Our data emphasized the role that fish and freshwater play in disseminating H. pylori infection as one of the diseases that has a significant public health issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Gaber Mubarak
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| | - Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Hams M A Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zingre T, Bagatella S, Wenker C, Kittl S, Meli ML, Wyss F, Grau-Roma L. Fatal gastritis and enterocolitis due to concurrent Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni infection in a captive cheetah (Acinonyxjubatus). J Comp Pathol 2023; 201:81-86. [PMID: 36745967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A 3.5-year-old female cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) died after a 10-day history of anorexia, regurgitation and diarrhoea despite symptomatic therapy. At gross post-mortem examination, the stomach was blood-filled with mucosal thickening and multifocal ulcerations. The intestinal mucosa was thickened and reddened, and the intestinal lumen was filled with dark red to black pasty content. Gastric histological lesions were compatible with gastritis due to Helicobacter infection, which was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Histology of the intestines revealed a severe necrotizing neutrophilic enterocolitis with abundant intralesional curved to spiral bacteria, corresponding to Campylobacter jejuni, which were subsequently isolated from both small and large intestinal contents. No other intestinal pathogens were detected despite thorough investigations. These findings suggest that C. jejuni may have played an aetiological role in the enterocolitis. Such an association has not been previously reported in non-domestic felids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Zingre
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Stefano Bagatella
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Sonja Kittl
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marina L Meli
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Llorenç Grau-Roma
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tilahun M, Gedefie A, Belayhun C, Sahle Z, Abera A. Helicobacter pylori Pathogenicity Islands and Giardia lamblia Cysteine Proteases in Role of Coinfection and Pathogenesis. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:21-34. [PMID: 35023934 PMCID: PMC8747529 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s346705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a well-known human-specific stomach pathogen that infects more than half of the world’s population. The infection with this bacterium can cause a variety of gastrointestinal problems, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and even cancer. H. pylori is a highly infectious bacterium. H. pylori causes an increase in gastric mucosa pH or gastric mucosa intestinal metaplasia. These modifications in the stomach environment are necessary for G. lamblia colonization to occur. Giardia lamblia is a flagellate protozoan parasite that can cause giardiasis in humans and other mammals. It dwells in the duodenum and upper jejunum. Globally, over 280 million cases of human giardiasis are predicted to occur each year. Simultaneous human colonization by G. lamblia and H. pylori is a typical occurrence since the viruses’ predisposing factors are similar in both groups. Giardiasis is a parasitic infection that affects both children and adults worldwide. Infection with Giardia is more common in underdeveloped countries. Globally, more than 200 million cases of giardiasis are detected each year. In contrast, the presence of G. lamblia in the host body triggers an immunological response comparable to that of H. pylori, with lymphocytes strongly polarized towards Th1. As a result, their combined presence exacerbates host tissue damage. The major goal of this seminar is to describe the pathophysiology, immunology, and clinical aspects of G. lamblia and H. pylori coinfection using a comprehensive search of PubMed, Lancet, and Google Scholar sources. Upper gastrointestinal problems such as upper abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain/burning, and belching are all caused by both organisms. Differentiation by physical examination is impossible in people infected with both bacteria. For this coinfection distinction, a laboratory diagnosis is required. G. lamblia and H. pylori, when present together, have a synergistic effect on the host and can cause serious damage. As a result, researchers should delve deeper into the mechanics underlying this potential microbial interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihret Tilahun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Alemu Gedefie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Chernet Belayhun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Mehal Meda Hospital, North Showa, Ethiopia
| | - Zenawork Sahle
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Debre Birhan Health Science College, North Showa, Ethiopia
| | - Admasu Abera
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Debre Birhan Health Science College, North Showa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fulgione A, Di Matteo A, Contaldi F, Manco R, Ianniello F, Incerti G, De Seta M, Esposito N, Crasto A, Iannelli D, Capparelli R. Epistatic interaction betweenMyD88andTIRAPagainstHelicobacter pylori. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:2127-37. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
5
|
Peretz A, Paritsky M, Pastukh N, Koifman A, Brodsky D, Glyatman T, On A. Improvement and optimization of the classical gastric biopsy culture technique for Helicobacter pylori diagnosis using trypsin. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:642-645. [PMID: 25878170 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection represents a key factor in the aetiology of various gastrointestinal diseases. H. pylori infection diagnosis is generally achieved using both invasive (e.g. biopsy of the gastric epithelium) and non-invasive methods. Therefore, cultivation on a growth medium becomes complex. Trypsin is a proteinase enzyme that plays a role in an early stage of tissue digestion. In this study, we used trypsin in order to improve the diagnostic sensitivity of the H. pylori cultivation technique. We used 46 duplicate antrum biopsy specimens, divided into trypsin-treated and non-treated groups. The tissues were seeded on a selective H. pylori growth agar medium. We demonstrated that the classic H. pylori culture technique misses the growth of a large number of H. pylori colonies. Significantly more colonies were found in the trypsin-treated specimens group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avi Peretz
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Galilee, Israel
| | - Maya Paritsky
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Galilee, Israel
| | - Nina Pastukh
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Galilee, Israel
| | - Anna Koifman
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Galilee, Israel
| | - Diana Brodsky
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Galilee, Israel
| | - Tatyana Glyatman
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Galilee, Israel
| | - Avi On
- Pediatric Gastrointestinal Unit, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Galilee, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wisessombat S, Meethai C, Hamgo S. A new biphasic test for the detection of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsies. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 96:19-24. [PMID: 24200709 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to create a biphasic cultural method for the detection of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsy specimens. The biphasic systems were made by using a urea agar slant with overlaying broth in a single vessel. Initially, three different liquid media including brain-heart infusion broth, Brucella broth, and Bolton broth were tested for their ability to support the growth of H. pylori. Bolton broth with 10% defibrinated horse blood demonstrated a significant increase in the numbers of H. pylori (p<0.05). The result showed that positive urease was used to concentrate viable H. pylori cells where the numbers of bacteria were 10(5)cfu. In addition, the reliable incubation time was at least 36h. In total, 55 biopsies were comparatively studied using commercial rapid urease test and PCR. Seven samples (12.72%) were positive with H. pylori by the biphasic test. With the CLOtest, 6 (10.91%) samples were positive. In conclusion, the Hp biphasic test achieved more positive samples than did the commercial rapid urease test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sueptrakool Wisessombat
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
| | - Chatruthai Meethai
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Souvalak Hamgo
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bessa LJ, Correia DM, Cellini L, Azevedo NF, Rocha I. Optimization of culture conditions to improve Helicobacter pylori growth in Ham's F-12 medium by response surface methodology. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2013; 25:901-9. [PMID: 23298481 DOI: 10.1177/039463201202500408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a gastroduodenal pathogen that colonizes the human stomach and is the causal agent of gastric diseases. From the clinical and epidemiological point of view, enhancing and improving the growth of this bacterium in liquid media is an important goal to achieve in order to allow the performance of accurate physiological studies. The aim of this work was to optimize three culture conditions that influence the growth of H. pylori in the defined medium Ham s F-12 supplemented with 5 percent fetal bovine serum by using response surface methodology as a statistical technique to obtain the optimal conditions. The factors studied in this experimental design (Box-Behnken design) were the pH of the medium, the shaking speed (rpm) and the percentage of atmospheric oxygen, in a total of 17 experiments. The biomass specific growth rate was the response measured. The model was validated for pH and shaking speed. The percentage of atmospheric oxygen did not influence the growth for the range of values studied. At the optimal values found for pH and shaking speed, 8 and 130 rpm, respectively, a specific growth rate value of 0.164 h-1, corresponding to a maximal concentration of approximately 1.5x108 CFU/ml, was reached after 8 h. The experimental design strategy allowed, for the first time, the optimization of H. pylori growth in a semi-synthetic medium, which may be important to improve physiological and metabolic studies of this fastidious bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Bessa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bessa LJ, Grande R, Iorio DDI, Giulio MDI, Campli EDI, Cellini L. Helicobacter pylorifree-living and biofilm modes of growth: behavior in response to different culture media. APMIS 2012; 121:549-60. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda J. Bessa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University ‘G. d'Annunzio’ - Chieti-Pescara; Italy
| | - Rossella Grande
- Department of Pharmacy; University ‘G. d'Annunzio’ - Chieti-Pescara; Italy
| | - Donato DI Iorio
- Department of Medical Oral Science and Biotechnology; University ‘G. d'Annunzio’ - Chieti-Pescara; Italy
| | - Mara DI Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy; University ‘G. d'Annunzio’ - Chieti-Pescara; Italy
| | - Emanuela DI Campli
- Department of Pharmacy; University ‘G. d'Annunzio’ - Chieti-Pescara; Italy
| | - Luigina Cellini
- Department of Pharmacy; University ‘G. d'Annunzio’ - Chieti-Pescara; Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ankarklev J, Hestvik E, Lebbad M, Lindh J, Kaddu-Mulindwa DH, Andersson JO, Tylleskär T, Tumwine JK, Svärd SG. Common coinfections of Giardia intestinalis and Helicobacter pylori in non-symptomatic Ugandan children. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1780. [PMID: 22953010 PMCID: PMC3429385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis and the pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori are well known for their high prevalences in human hosts worldwide. The prevalence of both organisms is known to peak in densely populated, low resource settings and children are infected early in life. Different Giardia genotypes/assemblages have been associated with different symptoms and H. pylori with induction of cancer. Despite this, not much data are available from sub-Saharan Africa with regards to the prevalence of different G. intestinalis assemblages and their potential association with H. pylori infections. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Fecal samples from 427 apparently healthy children, 0-12 years of age, living in urban Kampala, Uganda were analyzed for the presence of H. pylori and G. intestinalis. G. intestinalis was found in 86 (20.1%) out of the children and children age 1<5 years had the highest rates of colonization. H. pylori was found in 189 (44.3%) out of the 427 children and there was a 3-fold higher risk of concomitant G. intestinalis and H. pylori infections compared to non-concomitant G. intestinalis infection, OR = 2.9 (1.7-4.8). No significant association was found in the studied population with regard to the presence of Giardia and gender, type of toilet, source of drinking water or type of housing. A panel of 45 G. intestinalis positive samples was further analyzed using multi-locus genotyping (MLG) on three loci, combined with assemblage-specific analyses. Giardia MLG analysis yielded a total of five assemblage AII, 25 assemblage B, and four mixed assemblage infections. The assemblage B isolates were highly genetically variable but no significant association was found between Giardia assemblage type and H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study shows that Giardia assemblage B dominates in children in Kampala, Uganda and that the presence of H. pylori is an associated risk factor for G. intestinalis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Ankarklev
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kaakoush NO, Deshpande NP, Wilkins MR, Tan CG, Burgos-Portugal JA, Raftery MJ, Day AS, Lemberg DA, Mitchell H. The pathogenic potential of Campylobacter concisus strains associated with chronic intestinal diseases. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29045. [PMID: 22194985 PMCID: PMC3237587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter concisus has garnered increasing attention due to its association with intestinal disease, thus, the pathogenic potential of strains isolated from different intestinal diseases was investigated. A method to isolate C. concisus was developed and the ability of eight strains from chronic and acute intestinal diseases to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells was determined. Features associated with bacterial invasion were investigated using comparative genomic analyses and the effect of C. concisus on host protein expression was examined using proteomics. Our isolation method from intestinal biopsies resulted in the isolation of three C. concisus strains from children with Crohn's disease or chronic gastroenteritis. Four C. concisus strains from patients with chronic intestinal diseases can attach to and invade host cells using mechanisms such as chemoattraction to mucin, aggregation, flagellum-mediated attachment, "membrane ruffling", cell penetration and damage. C. concisus strains isolated from patients with chronic intestinal diseases have significantly higher invasive potential than those from acute intestinal diseases. Investigation of the cause of this increased pathogenic potential revealed a plasmid to be responsible. 78 and 47 proteins were upregulated and downregulated in cells infected with C. concisus, respectively. Functional analysis of these proteins showed that C. concisus infection regulated processes related to interleukin-12 production, proteasome activation and NF-κB activation. Infection with all eight C. concisus strains resulted in host cells producing high levels of interleukin-12, however, only strains capable of invading host cells resulted in interferon-γ production as confirmed by ELISA. These findings considerably support the emergence of C. concisus as an intestinal pathogen, but more significantly, provide novel insights into the host immune response and an explanation for the heterogeneity observed in the outcome of C. concisus infection. Moreover, response to infection with invasive strains has substantial similarities to that observed in the inflamed mucosa of Crohn's disease patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem O. Kaakoush
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nandan P. Deshpande
- Systems Biology Initiative, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marc R. Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Systems Biology Initiative, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chew Gee Tan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jose A. Burgos-Portugal
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark J. Raftery
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Facility, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew S. Day
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago (Christchurch), Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel A. Lemberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hazel Mitchell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Park SA, Ko A, Lee NG. Stimulation of growth of the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori by atmospheric level of oxygen under high carbon dioxide tension. BMC Microbiol 2011; 11:96. [PMID: 21569333 PMCID: PMC3110553 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (Hp), a human pathogen that is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer, has been considered a microaerophile, but there is no general consensus about its specific O2 requirements. A clear understanding of Hp physiology is needed to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism(s) of Hp infection. RESULTS We cultured Hp under a range of O2 levels with or without 10% CO2 and evaluated growth profiles, morphology, intracellular pH, and energy metabolism. We found that, in the presence of 10% CO2, the normal atmospheric level of O2 inhibited Hp growth at low density but stimulated growth at a higher density. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy of Hp cells cultured under 20% O2 tension revealed live spiral-shaped bacteria with outer membrane vesicles on a rugged cell surface, which became smooth during the stationary phase. Fermentation products including acetate, lactate, and succinate were detected in cell culture media grown under microaerobic conditions, but not under the aerobic condition. CO2 deprivation for less than 24 h did not markedly change cytoplasmic or periplasmic pH, suggesting that cellular pH homeostasis alone cannot account for the capnophilic nature of Hp. Further, CO2 deprivation significantly increased intracellular levels of ppGpp and ATP but significantly decreased cellular mRNA levels, suggesting induction of the stringent response. CONCLUSIONS We conclude, unlike previous reports, that H. pylori may be a capnophilic aerobe whose growth is promoted by atmospheric oxygen levels in the presence of 10% CO2. Our data also suggest that buffering of intracellular pH alone cannot account for the CO2 requirement of H. pylori and that CO2 deprivation initiates the stringent response in H. pylori. Our findings may provide new insight into the physiology of this fastidious human pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ae Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Ko
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Gyong Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ferreira JA, Azevedo NF, Vieira MJ, Figueiredo C, Goodfellow BJ, Monteiro MA, Coimbra MA. Identification of cell-surface mannans in a virulent Helicobacter pylori strain. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:830-8. [PMID: 20227685 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With the intent of contributing to a carbohydrate-based vaccine against the gastroduodenal pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, we report here the structure of cell-surface mannans obtained from a virulent strain. Unlike other wild-type strains, this strain was found to express in good quantities this polysaccharide in vitro. Structural analysis revealed a branched mannan formed by a backbone of alpha-(1-->6)-linked mannopyranosyl residues with approximately 80% branching at the O-2 position. The branches were composed of O-2-linked Man residues in both alpha- and beta-configurations: [abstract: see text]. In addition, this strain also expressed cell-surface emblematic H. pylori lipopolysaccharides (LPS) containing partially fucosylated polyLacNAc O-chains. Affinity assays with polymyxin-B and concanavalin A revealed no association between the mannan and the LPS. The described mannans may be implicated in the mediation of host-microbial interactions and immunological modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José A Ferreira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Douraghi M, Saberi Kashani S, Zeraati H, Esmaili M, Oghalaie A, Mohammadi M. Comparative Evaluation of Three Supplements for Helicobacter pylori Growth in Liquid Culture. Curr Microbiol 2009; 60:254-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-009-9534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
14
|
Ferreira JA, Pires C, Paulo M, Azevedo NF, Domingues MR, Vieira MJ, Monteiro MA, Coimbra MA. Bioaccumulation of amylose-like glycans by Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2009; 14:559-70. [PMID: 19889074 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2009.00725.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori cell surface is composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) yielding structures homologous to mammalian Lewis O-chains blood group antigens. These structures are key mediators in the definition of host-microbial interactions and known to change their expression pattern in response to environmental pressure. AIMS The present work is focused on the identification of new H. pylori cell-surface glycosides. Special attention is further devoted to provide insights on the impact of in vitro subcultivation on H. pylori cell-surface phenotypes. METHODS Cell-surface glycans from H. pylori NCTC 11637 and two clinical isolates were recovered from the aqueous phase resulting from phenol:water extraction of intact bacteria. They were evaluated in relation to their sugars and glycosidic-linkages composition by CG-MS, size-exclusion chromatography, NMR, and Mass Spectrometry. H. pylori glycan profile was also monitored during subcultivation in vitro in agar and F12 liquid medium. RESULTS All three studied strains produce LPS expressing Lewis epitopes and express bioaccumulate amylose-like glycans. Bioaccumulation of amylose was found to be enhanced with the subcultivation of the bacterium on agar medium and accompanied by a decrease in the expression of LPS O-chains. In contrast, during exponential growth in F12 liquid medium, an opposite behavior is observed, that is, there is an increase in the overall amount of LPS and decrease in amylose content. CONCLUSIONS This work shows that under specific environmental conditions, H. pylori expresses a phase-variable cell-surface alpha-(1-->4)-glucose moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José A Ferreira
- Departamento de Química da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
The articles published this last year in the field of Helicobacter pylori diagnosis reported the development of in vivo histology, small improvements in some invasive methods (urease test, culture, and histology) and new kits for the stool antigen tests. They also contributed to increasing our knowledge, by further exploration into specific conditions for the urea breath test and into the significance of cagA antibodies. The role of serum markers of atrophy was also confirmed. Molecular methods are still being developed for direct genotyping, detection of H. pylori and its clarithromycin resistance, either by polymerase chain reaction or fluorescent in-situ hybridization. For the first time, there was a report on a possible interest of magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lurdes Monteiro
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|