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Bai H, Ding J, Wang S, Zhang S, Jiang N, Wu X, Chen G, Dang Q, Liu M, Tang B, Wang X. Murine skeletal muscle satellite cells isolation and preliminary study on regulation in immune microenvironment during nurse cells formation of Trichinella spiralis infection. Vet Parasitol 2024:110175. [PMID: 38614824 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
As an intracellular parasitic nematode, Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) can induce the formation of nurse cells (NC) in host muscles and keep it to survive within the NC for an extended period. The formation of NC is similar to muscle cell injury and repair which lead to the arrest of satellite cells in the G2/M phase and build a suitable parasitic environment for the muscle larvae of T. spiralis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle repair through skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSC) and the host immune response during T. spiralis infection have not been fully elucidated. In this study, histopathological examination revealed that the severity of damage increased as the infection progressed in the soleus muscle. SMSCs were isolated from BALB/c mice infected with T. spiralis at 4, 21 and 35 days post-infection (dpi). The immunological characteristics of these cells were analyzed by real-time PCR and flow cytometry (FCM). FCM analysis revealed a notable increase in the expression of B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1) in SMSCs following T. spiralis infection, while conversely, the expression of inducible costimulatory ligand (ICOSL) significantly decreased. Furthermore, real-time PCR results showed that toll like receptor 3 (TLR3) expression in SMSCs of the infected mice was upregulated at 21 dpi. The expression levels of three subtypes (PPARα, PPARβ and PPARγ) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) also increased in the cells. This study highlights the immunological regulation significance of SMSCs host during T. spiralis infection and suggests that SMSCs actively participant in the local immune response to T. spiralis by regulating the interaction between the parasite and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jing Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Saining Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qianqian Dang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Xuelin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:800-811. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Nakano Y, Uchiyama M, Arima T, Nagasaka S, Igarashi T, Shimizu A, Takahashi H. PPARα Agonist Suppresses Inflammation after Corneal Alkali Burn by Suppressing Proinflammatory Cytokines, MCP-1, and Nuclear Translocation of NF-κB. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010114. [PMID: 30597991 PMCID: PMC6337747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist after corneal alkali injury. Fenofibrate 0.05% (PPARα agonist group) or vehicle (Vehicle group) was topically instilled onto the rat cornea after injury. Histological, immunohistochemical, and real-time reverse transcription PCR analyses were performed. PPARα-positive cells were observed among basal cells of the corneal epithelium in normal and alkali-burned corneas. The number of infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages at the corneal limbus was lower in the PPARα agonist group. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor-An mRNA expression was suppressed in the PPARα agonist group compared to the Vehicle group. mRNA levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in corneal tissue were not different. However, NF-κB was expressed in the cytoplasm of basal cells in the PPARα agonist group and in the nucleus in the Vehicle group. MCP-1 was more weakly expressed in the PPARα agonist group. The PPARα agonist inhibited inflammation during the early phase after injury. Anti-inflammatory effects of the PPARα agonist included prevention of up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and MCP-1, and prevention of inflammatory cell infiltration into the injured cornea. Thus, a PPARα agonist may be a promising treatment for corneal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Nakano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Uchiyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Arima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
| | - Shinya Nagasaka
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Igarashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
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Borges TKS, Alves ÉAR, Vasconcelos HAR, Carneiro FP, Nicola AM, Magalhães KG, Muniz-Junqueira MI. Differences in the modulation of reactive species, lipid bodies, cyclooxygenase-2, 5-lipoxygenase and PPAR-γ in cerebral malaria-susceptible and resistant mice. Immunobiology 2016; 222:604-619. [PMID: 27887739 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory responses are associated with the severity of cerebral malaria. NO, H2O2, eicosanoid and PPAR-γ are involved in proinflammatory responses, but regulation of these factors is unclear in malaria. This work aimed to compare the expression of eicosanoid-forming-enzymes in cerebral malaria-susceptible CBA and C57BL/6 and -resistant BALB/c mice. Mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA, and the survival rates and parasitemia curves were assessed. On the sixth day post-infection, cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase in brain sections were assessed by immunohistochemistry, and, NO, H2O2, lipid bodies, and PPAR-γ expression were assessed in peritoneal macrophages. The C57BL/6 had more severe disease with a lower survival time, higher parasitemia and lower production of plasmodicidal NO and H2O2 molecules than BALB/c. Enhanced COX-2 and 5-LOX expression were observed in brain tissue cells and vessels from C57BL/6 mice, and these mice expressed higher constitutive PPAR-γ levels. There was no translocation of PPAR-γ from cytoplasm to nucleus in macrophages from these mice. CBA mice had enhanced COX-2 expression in brain tissue cells and vessels and also lacked PPAR-γ cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation. The resistant BALB/c mice presented higher survival time, lower parasitemia and higher NO and H2O2 production on the sixth day post-infection. These mice did not express either COX-2 or 5-LOX in brain tissue cells and vessels. Our data showed that besides the high parasite burden and lack of microbicidal molecules, an imbalance with high COX-2 and 5-LOX eicosanoid expression and a lack of regulatory PPAR-γ cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation in macrophages were observed in mice that develop cerebral malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana K S Borges
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, Distrito Federal 70.910.900, Brazil
| | - Érica A R Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, Distrito Federal 70.910.900, Brazil; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, René Rachou Research Center, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30.190.002 Brazil
| | - Henda A R Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, Distrito Federal 70.910.900, Brazil; National Direction of Public Health, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Angola, Luanda, Angola
| | - Fabiana P Carneiro
- Laboratory of Pathology, Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, Distrito Federal 70.910.900, Brazil
| | - André M Nicola
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, Distrito Federal 70.910.900, Brazil
| | - Kelly G Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, Distrito Federal 70.910.900, Brazil
| | - Maria Imaculada Muniz-Junqueira
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, Distrito Federal 70.910.900, Brazil.
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Zhou H, Zhang W, Bi M, Wu J. The molecular mechanisms of action of PPAR-γ agonists in the treatment of corneal alkali burns (Review). Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1003-11. [PMID: 27499172 PMCID: PMC5029963 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal alkali burns (CAB) are characterized by injury-induced inflammation, fibrosis and neovascularization (NV), and may lead to blindness. This review evaluates the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms responsible for CAB. The processes of cytokine production, chemotaxis, inflammatory responses, immune response, cell signal transduction, matrix metalloproteinase production and vascular factors in CAB are discussed. Previous evidence indicates that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) agonists suppress immune responses, inflammation, corneal fibrosis and NV. This review also discusses the role of PPAR-γ as an anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic agent in the treatment of CAB, as well as the potential role of PPAR-γ in the pathological process of CAB. There have been numerous studies evaluating the clinical profiles of CAB, and the aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence regarding the treatment of CAB with PPAR-γ agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Wensong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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Sethi G, Chopra G, Samudrala R. Multiscale modelling of relationships between protein classes and drug behavior across all diseases using the CANDO platform. Mini Rev Med Chem 2016; 15:705-17. [PMID: 25694071 DOI: 10.2174/1389557515666150219145148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the effect of eight different protein classes (channels, GPCRs, kinases, ligases, nuclear receptors, proteases, phosphatases, transporters) on the benchmarking performance of the CANDO drug discovery and repurposing platform (http://protinfo.org/cando). The first version of the CANDO platform utilizes a matrix of predicted interactions between 48278 proteins and 3733 human ingestible compounds (including FDA approved drugs and supplements) that map to 2030 indications/diseases using a hierarchical chem and bio-informatic fragment based docking with dynamics protocol (> one billion predicted interactions considered). The platform uses similarity of compound-proteome interaction signatures as indicative of similar functional behavior and benchmarking accuracy is calculated across 1439 indications/diseases with more than one approved drug. The CANDO platform yields a significant correlation (0.99, p-value < 0.0001) between the number of proteins considered and benchmarking accuracy obtained indicating the importance of multitargeting for drug discovery. Average benchmarking accuracies range from 6.2 % to 7.6 % for the eight classes when the top 10 ranked compounds are considered, in contrast to a range of 5.5 % to 11.7 % obtained for the comparison/control sets consisting of 10, 100, 1000, and 10000 single best performing proteins. These results are generally two orders of magnitude better than the average accuracy of 0.2% obtained when randomly generated (fully scrambled) matrices are used. Different indications perform well when different classes are used but the best accuracies (up to 11.7% for the top 10 ranked compounds) are achieved when a combination of classes are used containing the broadest distribution of protein folds. Our results illustrate the utility of the CANDO approach and the consideration of different protein classes for devising indication specific protocols for drug repurposing as well as drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ram Samudrala
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY), 923 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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Foroushani ABK, Brinkman FSL, Lynn DJ. Pathway-GPS and SIGORA: identifying relevant pathways based on the over-representation of their gene-pair signatures. PeerJ 2013; 1:e229. [PMID: 24432194 PMCID: PMC3883547 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation. Predominant pathway analysis approaches treat pathways as collections of individual genes and consider all pathway members as equally informative. As a result, at times spurious and misleading pathways are inappropriately identified as statistically significant, solely due to components that they share with the more relevant pathways. Results. We introduce the concept of Pathway Gene-Pair Signatures (Pathway-GPS) as pairs of genes that, as a combination, are specific to a single pathway. We devised and implemented a novel approach to pathway analysis, Signature Over-representation Analysis (SIGORA), which focuses on the statistically significant enrichment of Pathway-GPS in a user-specified gene list of interest. In a comparative evaluation of several published datasets, SIGORA outperformed traditional methods by delivering biologically more plausible and relevant results. Availability. An efficient implementation of SIGORA, as an R package with precompiled GPS data for several human and mouse pathway repositories is available for download from http://sigora.googlecode.com/svn/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir B K Foroushani
- Animal & Bioscience Research Department, AGRIC, Teagasc , Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath , Ireland ; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, British Columbia , Canada
| | - Fiona S L Brinkman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, British Columbia , Canada
| | - David J Lynn
- Animal & Bioscience Research Department, AGRIC, Teagasc , Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath , Ireland
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Shikani HJ, Freeman BD, Lisanti MP, Weiss LM, Tanowitz HB, Desruisseaux MS. Cerebral malaria: we have come a long way. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:1484-92. [PMID: 23021981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, cerebral malaria remains one of the most serious complications of Plasmodium infection and is a significant burden in Sub-Saharan Africa, where, despite effective antiparasitic treatment, survivors develop long-term neurological sequelae. Although much remains to be discovered about the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria, The American Journal of Pathology has been seminal in presenting original research from both human and experimental models. These studies have afforded significant insight into the mechanism of cerebral damage in this devastating disease. The present review highlights information gleaned from these studies, especially in terms of their contributions to the understanding of cerebral malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Shikani
- Division of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Abstract
Background The mortality of severe malaria [cerebral malaria (CM), severe malaria anemia (SMA), acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)] remains high despite the availability associated with adequate treatments. Recent studies in our laboratory and others have revealed a hitherto unknown correlation between chemokine CXCL10/CXCR3, Heme/HO-1 and STAT3 and cerebral malaria severity and mortality. Although Heme/HO-1 and CXCL10/CXCR3 interactions are directly involved in the pathogenesis of CM and fatal disease, the mechanism dictating how Heme/HO-1 and CXCL10/CXCR3 are expressed and regulated under these conditions is still unknown. We therefore tested the hypothesis that these factors share common signaling pathways and may be mutually regulated. Methods We first clarified the roles of Heme/HO-1, CXCL10/CXCR3 and STAT3 in CM pathogenesis utilizing a well established experimental cerebral malaria mouse (ECM, P. berghei ANKA) model. Then, we further determined the mechanisms how STAT3 regulates HO-1 and CXCL10 as well as mutual regulation among them in CRL-2581, a murine endothelial cell line. Results The results demonstrate that (1) STAT3 is activated by P. berghei ANKA (PBA) infection in vivo and Heme in vitro. (2) Heme up-regulates HO-1 and CXCL10 production through STAT3 pathway, and regulates CXCL10 at the transcriptional level in vitro. (3) HO-1 transcription is positively regulated by CXCL10. (4) HO-1 regulates STAT3 signaling. Conclusion Our data indicate that Heme/HO-1, CXCL10/CXCR3 and STAT3 molecules as well as related signaling pathways play very important roles in the pathogenesis of severe malaria. We conclude that these factors are mutually regulated and provide new opportunities to develop potential novel therapeutic targets that could be used to supplement traditional prophylactics and treatments for malaria and improve clinical outcomes while reducing malaria mortality. Our ultimate goal is to develop novel therapies targeting Heme or CXCL10-related biological signaling molecules associated with development of fatal malaria.
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Bongfen SE, Rodrigue-Gervais IG, Berghout J, Torre S, Cingolani P, Wiltshire SA, Leiva-Torres GA, Letourneau L, Sladek R, Blanchette M, Lathrop M, Behr MA, Gruenheid S, Vidal SM, Saleh M, Gros P. An N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced dominant negative mutation in the JAK3 kinase protects against cerebral malaria. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31012. [PMID: 22363534 PMCID: PMC3283600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a lethal neurological complication of malaria. We implemented a genome-wide screen in mutagenized mice to identify host proteins involved in CM pathogenesis and whose inhibition may be of therapeutic value. One pedigree (P48) segregated a resistance trait whose CM-protective effect was fully penetrant, mapped to chromosome 8, and identified by genome sequencing as homozygosity for a mis-sense mutation (W81R) in the FERM domain of Janus-associated kinase 3 (Jak3). The causative effect of Jak3(W81R) was verified by complementation testing in Jak3(W81R/-) double heterozygotes that were fully protected against CM. Jak3(W81R) homozygotes showed defects in thymic development with depletion of CD8(+) T cell, B cell, and NK cell compartments, and defective T cell-dependent production of IFN-γ. Adoptive transfer of normal splenocytes abrogates CM resistance in Jak3(W81R) homozygotes, an effect attributed to the CD8(+) T cells. Jak3(W81R) behaves as a dominant negative variant, with significant CM resistance of Jak3(W81R/+) heterozygotes, compared to CM-susceptible Jak3(+/+) and Jak3(+/-) controls. CM resistance in Jak3(W81R/+) heterozygotes occurs in presence of normal T, B and NK cell numbers. These findings highlight the pathological role of CD8(+) T cells and Jak3-dependent IFN-γ-mediated Th1 responses in CM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silayuv E. Bongfen
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ian-Gael Rodrigue-Gervais
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Joanne Berghout
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sabrina Torre
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pablo Cingolani
- School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sean A. Wiltshire
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gabriel A. Leiva-Torres
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Louis Letourneau
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert Sladek
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Mark Lathrop
- Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Marcel A. Behr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- The McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Samantha Gruenheid
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Silvia M. Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Maya Saleh
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Higgins SJ, Kain KC, Liles WC. Immunopathogenesis of falciparum malaria: implications for adjunctive therapy in the management of severe and cerebral malaria. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2012; 9:803-19. [PMID: 21905788 DOI: 10.1586/eri.11.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite optimal antimalarial treatment and advances in malaria eradication, the mortality rate associated with severe malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum infection, including cerebral malaria (CM), remains unacceptably high. This suggests that strategies directed solely at parasite eradication may be insufficient to prevent neurological complications and death in all cases of CM. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop innovative adjunctive therapeutic strategies to effectively reduce CM-associated mortality. CM pathogenesis is believed to be due, in part, to an aberrant host immune response to P. falciparum, resulting in deleterious consequences, including vascular activation and dysfunction. Development of effective and affordable therapeutic strategies that act to modulate the underlying host-mediated immunopathology should be explored to improve outcome. In this article, we summarize immunomodulatory therapies that have been assessed in clinical trials to date, and highlight novel and promising treatment strategies currently being investigated to address this major global health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Higgins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activator Receptor γ: A Link between Macrophage CD36 and Inflammation in Malaria Infection. PPAR Res 2012; 2012:640769. [PMID: 22287954 PMCID: PMC3263638 DOI: 10.1155/2012/640769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe malaria infection caused by Plasmodium falciparum is a global life-threatening disease and a leading cause of death worldwide. Intensive investigations have demonstrated that macrophages play crucial roles in control of inflammatory and immune responses and clearance of Plasmodium-falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes (PE). This paper focuses on how macrophage CD36 recognizes and internalizes PE and participates the inflammatory signaling in response to Plasmodium falciparum. In addition, recent advances in our current understanding of the biological actions of PPARγ on CD36 and malaria clearance from the hosts are highlighted.
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