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Català A, Hernández DG. AEDV Expert Recommendations on the Management of Suppurative Sexually Transmitted Infections. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2024:S0001-7310(24)00340-5. [PMID: 38663731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2024.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is increasing in Spain. Suppurative STIs are one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in specialized centers. The reason for suppurative STIs is multiple and their empirical treatment varies with the currently growing problem of antimicrobial resistance. Dermatologists are trained and prepared to treat these diseases, but their correct management requires active knowledge of national and international guidelines. The present document updates, reviews and summarizes the main expert recommendations on the management and treatment of these STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Català
- Servicio de Dermatología y Venereología, Grupo Español de Investigación en ITS y VIH de la Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología, España; Programa de Salud Sexual, Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Grupo Español de Investigación en ITS y VIH de la Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología,spaña.
| | - D García Hernández
- Programa de Salud Sexual, Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Grupo Español de Investigación en ITS y VIH de la Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología,spaña
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2
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Shah S, Kumar B, Narang T. Letter to the editor regarding "Laboratory detection of bacterial pathogens and clinical and laboratory response of syndromic management in patients with cervical discharge: A retrospective study". Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2024; 90:256-257. [PMID: 38595021 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_913_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Shah
- Department of Dermatology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bhushan Kumar
- Department of Dermatology, Shalby Hospital, Punjab, India
| | - Tarun Narang
- Department of Dermatology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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Wang S, Ding L, Liu Y, Sun Z, Jiang W, Miao Y, Wang S, Meng J, Zhao H. Characteristics of common pathogens of urogenital tract among outpatients in Shanghai, China from 2016 to 2021. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1228048. [PMID: 38089034 PMCID: PMC10711282 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1228048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the prevalent causes of several genital diseases worldwide; however, their characteristics in different genders have not been well documented in Shanghai. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of common pathogens among outpatients, considering variations by gender and age. Methods From January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2021, the urogenital swabs of 16216 outpatients aged 3-95 years from two general hospitals in Shanghai were collected. All participants' swabs were investigated for U. urealyticum, C. trachomatis, and N. gonorrhoeae by isothermal RNA-based simultaneous amplification and testing. The basic information of all participants was also recorded, including age and gender. The chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence between different genders, age groups, and infection patterns. Results There were 5,744 patients (35.42%) with positive samples whose ages ranged from 7 to 80 years (33.23 ± 8.63 years), and 62.14% of them were women. The most common pathogen detected was U. urealyticum (85.08%). The highest prevalence rate of all three pathogens was found in patients aged ≤ 20 years (40.53%, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 33.80%-47.63%). The prevalent rate of U. urealyticum was higher in men (33.36%, 95% CI: 32.19%-34.55%). The overall prevalence rates of U. urealyticum, C. trachomatis, and N. gonorrhoeae were 30.14% (95% CI: 29.44%-30.85%), 6.00% (95% CI: 5.64%-6.38%), and 2.10% (95% CI: 1.89%-2.33%). Conclusions Ureaplasma urealyticum was the most prevalent pathogen in the population, and its prevalence decreased with age. Young men aged ≤ 20 years were more frequently infected. Regular screening for sexually transmitted pathogens in different genders and age groups are warranted, particularly in young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Centre on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Centre on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Centre on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenrong Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Centre on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxin Miao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Centre on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Centre on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Centre on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Rak K, Kiecka A, Białecka J, Kawalec A, Krzyściak P, Białecka A. Retrospective Analysis of the Ureaplasma spp. Prevalence with Reference to Other Genital Tract Infections in Women of Reproductive Age. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:509-518. [PMID: 36401536 PMCID: PMC9944971 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ureaplasma spp. are frequently isolated from the genital tract of women of reproductive age. To date, it remains unclear whether they are commensal or pathogenic. In our study, we assessed the prevalence of Ureaplasma spp. in a group of 1,155 women of childbearing age. In addition, we assessed how often women with positive Ureaplasma spp. develop genital tract co-infections and how the vaginal pH changes. This study showed a relationship between colonization by Ureaplasma spp. and presenting symptoms. In fact, we showed that colonization of the genital tract by Ureaplasma spp. can affect the occurrence of co-infections such as Gardnerella vaginalis. We also observed a relationship between increased pH values and the presence of Ureaplasma spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Rak
- Centre of Microbiological Research and Autovaccines, Cracow, Poland, K. Rak, Centre of Microbiological Research and Autovaccines, Cracow, Poland
| | - Aneta Kiecka
- Centre of Microbiological Research and Autovaccines, Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Białecka
- Centre of Microbiological Research and Autovaccines, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Kawalec
- Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland
| | - Paweł Krzyściak
- Department of Infections Control and Mycology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Białecka
- Centre of Microbiological Research and Autovaccines, Cracow, Poland
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Onywera H, Mabunda SA, Williamson AL, Mbulawa ZZA. Microbiological and behavioral determinants of genital HPV infections among adolescent girls and young women warrant the need for targeted policy interventions to reduce HPV risk. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2022; 4:887736. [PMID: 36303664 PMCID: PMC9580722 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2022.887736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus in most populations globally. Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) remain a key population group at risk for HPV infection. However, the risk factors of HPV infection among AGYW, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, are a subject of little investigation in published literature. Here, we investigated the factors associated with HPV infection among unvaccinated South African AGYW with a high HPV burden (prevalence: 76.1%). METHODS We retrospectively recruited 213 AGYW learners (aged 15-25 years) from a previous cross-sectional study, the HPV Education Intervention Study, conducted in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), bacterial pathobionts, genital ulcers (due to infectious causes), candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis (BV) in the self-collected vaginal specimens were determined using the Allplex™ Panel Assays. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA v16.1. Continuous and categorical variables were computed by t-test /Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Chi-square/Fisher's exact tests, respectively. Logistic regression was used to determine the univariable predictors of HPV infection. RESULTS The overall detection rate of any viral STI, bacterial STI, pathobiont, genital ulcer, candidiasis, and BV among the AGYW was 75.0, 34.4, 90.7, 14.4, 26.9, and 43.6%, respectively. The main factors associated with HPV infection were alcohol consumption (p = 0.005), infection with any and multiple Candida species (p = 0.011 and 0.006, respectively), Candida albicans infection (p = 0.010), Ureaplasma urealyticum pathobiont infection (p = 0.044), BV-associated bacteria (specifically Atopobium vaginae: p = 0.039, BV-associated bacteria 2: p = 0.021, Gardnerella vaginalis: p = 0.021, Megasphaera type 1: p = 0.037), and BV (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Our study, albeit not necessarily generalizable, found social behavior as well as specific vaginal microbes as correlates of HPV infection among AGYW in South Africa. There is a need to investigate HPV epidemiology in other AGYW populations. The factors associated with genital HPV infection among AGYW burdened with HPV infection necessitate the need to formulate and implement population-specific public health strategies for creating HPV awareness and reducing its risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris Onywera
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Research, Innovations, and Academics Unit, Tunacare Services Health Providers Limited, Nairobi, Kenya
- Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
| | - Sikhumbuzo A. Mabunda
- SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zizipho Z. A. Mbulawa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital, Mthatha, South Africa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
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Taku O, Onywera H, Mbulawa ZZA, Businge CB, Meiring TL, Williamson AL. Molecular Identification of Cervical Microbes in HIV-Negative and HIV-Positive Women in an African Setting Using a Customized Bacterial Vaginosis Microbial DNA Quantitative PCR (qPCR) Array. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0222921. [PMID: 35647888 PMCID: PMC9241767 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02229-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common polymicrobial vaginal disorder that is associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Several studies have utilized broad-range 16S rRNA gene PCR assays with sequence analysis to characterize cervicovaginal bacterial communities of women with healthy and diseased conditions. With the high burden of BV and STIs among African women, there is a need for targeted PCR assays that can rapidly determine the true epidemiological profile of key cervical microbes, including BV-associated bacteria, and a need to explore the utility of such assays for microbiological diagnosis of BV. Here, we used a taxon-directed 16S rRNA gene quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to examine the prevalences and determinants of specific cervical microbes among African women with and without HIV infection. Cervical samples were collected using a cytobrush from 162 women (aged ≥30 years) attending a community-based clinic in Eastern Cape, South Africa. The samples were screened for specific microbes (i.e., STIs, emerging sexually transmitted pathogens [pathobionts], and BV-associated bacteria) using a customized bacterial vaginosis microbial DNA qPCR array. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism v6.01. Chi-square/Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate the determinants associated with specific cervical microbes. Only 145 women had any detectable microbes and were included in the analysis. Lactobacillus iners (62.8%) and specific BV-associated bacteria, namely, Gardnerella vaginalis (58.6%), Atopobium vaginae (40.7%), and the pathobiont Ureaplasma parvum (37.9%), were the most prevalent microbes. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that 42.8% of the women (62/145) had a diverse array of heterogeneously distributed bacteria typically linked to BV. Women with detectable Lactobacillus species, specifically Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus jensenii, and to a lesser extent L. iners, had very low prevalence of BV-associated bacteria. Although the cumulative burden of STIs/pathobionts was 62.8%, Chlamydia trachomatis (3.4%), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (4.8%), and Trichomonas vaginalis (4.8%) were detected at low rates. HIV infection was associated with the presence of STIs/pathobionts (P = 0.022) and L. iners (P = 0.003). Prevalent STIs/pathobionts were associated with having multiple partners in the past 12 months (n ≥ 2, P = 0.015), high number of lifetime sexual partners (n ≥ 3, P = 0.007), vaginal sex in the past month (P = 0.010), and decreasing age of women (P = 0.005). C. trachomatis was associated with increasing age among HIV-positive women (P = 0.016). The pathobiont Ureaplasma urealyticum was inversely associated with age of women in the whole cohort (P = 0.018). The overall prevalence of STIs/pathobionts was high and was associated with HIV infection and sexual behavior. Our study helps us to understand the epidemiological trend of STIs and pathobionts and highlights the need to understand the impact of sexual networks on STI and pathobiont transmission and prevention among women in an African setting. IMPORTANCE Bacterial vaginosis (BV), whose etiology remains a matter of controversy, is a common vaginal disorder among reproductive-age women and can increase the risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). African women bear a disproportionately high burden of STIs and BV. Using a targeted quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay, a customized bacterial vaginosis microbial DNA qPCR array, we examined the prevalences and determinants of key cervical microbes, including BV-associated bacteria and emerging sexually transmitted pathogens (pathobionts) among women of African descent aged between 30 and 75 years. High-risk behaviors were associated with a higher prevalence of STIs/pathobionts, suggesting the need to better understand the influence of sexual networks on STI and pathobiont transmission and prevention among women. Our molecular assay is important in the surveillance of BV-associated bacteria, pathobionts, and STIs as well as diagnostic microbiology of BV. Furthermore, our research contributes to a better understanding of the epidemiology of STIs and pathobionts in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ongeziwe Taku
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses (CHARM), National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Harris Onywera
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Research, Innovations, and Academics Unit, Tunacare Services Health Providers Limited, Nairobi, Kenya
- Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
| | - Zizipho Z. A. Mbulawa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- UCT-MRC Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital, Mthatha, South Africa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Charles B. Businge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital, Mthatha, South Africa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Tracy L. Meiring
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
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Kacerovsky M, Kukla R, Bolehovska R, Bostik P, Matulova J, Mls J, Stranik J, Jacobsson B, Musilova I. Prevalence and Load of Cervical Ureaplasma Species With Respect to Intra-amniotic Complications in Women With Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes Before 34 weeks. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:860498. [PMID: 35431965 PMCID: PMC9008458 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.860498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the prevalence and load of Ureaplasma spp. DNA in the cervical fluid of women with singleton pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) with respect to intra-amniotic infection, sterile intra-amniotic inflammation, and colonization of the amniotic fluid. Methods: A total of 217 women with PPROM between gestational ages 24 + 0 and 33 + 6 weeks were included in this study. Paired amniotic and cervical fluid samples were collected at the time of admission via transabdominal amniocentesis and using a Dacron polyester swab, respectively. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity was diagnosed using a combination of culture and molecular biology methods. Intra-amniotic inflammation was determined based on the concentration of interleukin-6 in the amniotic fluid. Based on the presence or absence of these conditions, the women were stratified into the following subgroups: intra-amniotic infection (with both), sterile intra-amniotic inflammation (with inflammation only), colonization (with microorganisms only), and negative amniotic fluid (without either). The Ureaplasma spp. DNA load in the cervical fluid was assessed using PCR. Results:Ureaplasma spp. DNA in the cervical fluid was found in 61% (133/217) of the women. Women with negative amniotic had similar prevalence of Ureaplasma spp. DNA in cervical fluid (55%) to those with sterile intra-amniotic inflammation (54%) but lower than those with intra-amniotic infection (73%) and colonization (86%; p < 0.0001). Women with negative amniotic fluid had a lower load of Ureaplasma spp. DNA in their cervical fluid (median: 4.7 × 103 copies of DNA/ml) than those with intra-amniotic infection (median: 2.8 × 105 copies DNA/ml), sterile intra-amniotic inflammation (median: 5.3 × 104 copies DNA/ml), and colonization (median: 1.2 × 105 copies DNA/mL; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In conclusion, in PPROM at <34 weeks, the presence of intra-amniotic infection, sterile intra-amniotic inflammation, or colonization of the amniotic fluid was associated with a higher prevalence and/or load of Ureaplasma spp. DNA in the cervical fluid than the absence of intra-amniotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Kacerovsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- *Correspondence: Marian Kacerovsky, z
| | - Rudolf Kukla
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Bolehovska
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bostik
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Matulova
- Department of Social Medicine, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mls
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Stranik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalization, Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivana Musilova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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8
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Carbone L, Conforti A, La Marca A, Cariati F, Vallone R, Raffone A, Buonfantino C, Palese M, Mascia M, DI Girolamo R, Capuzzo M, Esteves SC, Alviggi C. The negative impact of most relevant infections on fertility and assisted reproduction technology. Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2022; 74:83-106. [PMID: 34137567 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-606x.21.04870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Infections may act with variable impact on the physiopathology of the reproductive organs, determining infertility or reducing the outcomes of assisted reproduction technology. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the existing evidence regarding the pathogens with a supposed or recognized role in reproductive medicine. Viral hepatitis, as well as HIV, can reduce sperm quality. Syphilis carries a risk of erectile dysfunction and increased endometrial thickness. Chlamydia is the main cause of pelvic inflammatory disease. In relation to Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp., only few species seem to show a correlation with infertility and poor in-vitro fertilization outcomes. There is evidence of a role for bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy loss. HPV infection in males seems to determine infertility. Herpesviruses are more a risk for fetuses than for fertility itself. Zika virus is responsible for altered early embryo development and waiting to conceive is recommended in suspected or confirmed cases. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 is yet to be elucidated. Rubella and toxoplasmosis can provoke important congenital defects and therefore screening is mandatory before conception; a vaccine for Rubella is recommended. Further and well-designed studies are still needed to better elucidate the role of some infectious agents, to improve fertility and its treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Carbone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy -
| | - Alessandro Conforti
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio La Marca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Vallone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Raffone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cira Buonfantino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Palese
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marika Mascia
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella DI Girolamo
- Center for High-Risk Pregnancy and Fetal Care, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Martina Capuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sandro C Esteves
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- ANDROFERT - Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Charity Ezeanya-Bakpa C, Regina Agbakoba N, Blanche Oguejiofor C, Bessie Enweani-Nwokelo I. Sequence analysis reveals asymptomatic infection with Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum possibly leads to infertility in females: A cross-sectional study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2022; 19:951-958. [PMID: 34977452 PMCID: PMC8717075 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v19i11.9910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic evidence of asymptomatic Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) infection associated with infertility among females is lacking because suitable high throughput molecular methods have not been applied. Objective This study aimed to explore the occurrence of M. hominis and U. urealyticum in the genital tract of females with asymptomatic infection and infertility as well as determine their genetic relatedness. Materials and Methods The study group included 100 asymptomatic females and 31 females diagnosed with infertility. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene following DNA extraction was performed directly from endo-cervical swabs. Phylogenetic analysis established the genetic linkage between the isolates from both groups. Results In asymptomatic females, M. hominis and U. urealyticum were detected with a prevalence of 8% and 2% respectively. Among females with infertility, the prevalence was 6.45% and 3.23% for M. hominis and U. urealyticum respectively. In both groups, M. hominis occurred significantly more frequently. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three distinct clusters in both groups: two with already characterized M. hominis and Ureaplasma species (28.6% of the overall Mycoplasma spp.) and one distinct cluster matched with U. urealyticum. Furthermore, all M. hominis from asymptomatic females clustered significantly with infertility contrary to U. urealyticum. The M. hominis cluster was significantly linked to two strains from China. Conclusion The sequence analysis of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma in the genital tract of asymptomatic and infertile females showed significant association; therefore, it is paramount to consider them as possible etiologic agents of infertility and genital infection, especially when the etiology of infertility is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinyere Charity Ezeanya-Bakpa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.,Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Caleb University Lagos, Nigeria
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10
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Bae J, Kim S, Hwang I, Park J. Comparison between Cervical Ureaplasma spp. Colonization and the Intensity of Inflammatory Mediators in the Amniotic Fluid Retrieved during Cesarean Delivery in Preterm Birth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:107. [PMID: 35010366 PMCID: PMC8750097 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether cervical Ureaplasma spp. colonization affects the intensity of inflammatory mediators in amniotic fluid retrieved during cesarean delivery in singleton preterm birth. One hundred fifty-three cases in singleton preterm birth with 24-34 weeks' gestation were enrolled. The intensities of seven inflammatory mediators (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, and matrix metalloproteins (MMP)-8, MMP-9) of amniotic fluid were measured. We tested cervical swab specimens using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to detect Ureaplasma spp. colonization. Histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) was diagnosed when acute inflammation was observed in any of the placental tissues. Mean gestational age at delivery and birth weight were 30.9 ± 2.4 weeks and 1567 ± 524 g, respectively. Cervical Ureaplasma spp. colonization was detected 78 cases. The incidence of HCA was 32.3% (43/133). Although the intensities of all inflammatory mediators were significantly different according to presence or absence of HCA, there were no significant differences according to cervical Ureaplasma spp. colonization. In all 43 cases with HCA and 90 cases without HCA, there were no significant differences between cervical Ureaplasma spp. colonization and the intensity of inflammatory mediators. Cervical Ureaplasma spp. colonization did not affect the intensity of inflammatory mediators in the amniotic fluid retrieved during cesarean delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingon Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of Immunology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea;
- Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Ilseon Hwang
- Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Jaehyun Park
- Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
- Department of Pediatrics, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea
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11
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Taku O, Brink A, Meiring TL, Phohlo K, Businge CB, Mbulawa ZZA, Williamson AL. Detection of sexually transmitted pathogens and co-infection with human papillomavirus in women residing in rural Eastern Cape, South Africa. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10793. [PMID: 33717675 PMCID: PMC7936566 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background South African women of reproductive age have a high burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, there is limited information on the prevalence of sexually transmitted pathogens in women from rural Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The study aims at determining the prevalence of sexually transmitted pathogens and co-infection with high-risk (HR) HPV among women from rural Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Methods A total of 205 cervical specimens were collected from women aged ≥ 30 years from a rural community-based clinic. The samples were tested for a panel of pathogenic STIs [Chlamydia trachomatis (serovars A-K & L1-L3), Haemophilus ducreyi, Herpes Simplex Virus (Types 1 & 2), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), and pathobionts [Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Mycoplasma hominis (MH) and Ureaplasma spp. (UP)] using a multiplex PCR STD direct flow chip assay through a manual Hybrispot platform (Master Diagnostica, Granada, Spain). HR-HPV detection was performed by Hybrid Capture-2 assay. Results High-risk HPV prevalence was 32.2% (66/205) and HIV-1 prevalence was 38.5% (79/205). The overall prevalence of six pathogenic STIs was 22.9% (47/205), with TV having the highest prevalence (15.6%; 32/205). UP (70.2%, 144/205) and MH (36.6%, 75/205) were the most frequently detected pathobionts. Co-infection with ≥ 2 pathogens pathobionts was observed among 52.7% (108/205) participants. Of the six pathogenic STIs, three participants had more than one STI (1.46%) with the presence of MH and UP. HSV-2 (OR: 4.17, CI [1.184-14.690]) and HIV infection (OR: 2.11, CI [1.145-3.873]) were independent STIs associated with HR-HPV infection. Conclusions The high prevalence of pathogenic STIs underscores the need to improve syndromic management policy by implementing effective strategies of prevention, screening tests, and management. HSV-2 and HIV positive remain strongly associated with HR-HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ongeziwe Taku
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of health sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Adrian Brink
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tracy L Meiring
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of health sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Keletso Phohlo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of health sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Charles B Businge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital, Mthatha, South Africa.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Zizipho Z A Mbulawa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of health sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,SAMRC Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Service, Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of health sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.,SAMRC Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Silva Oliveira MT, Oliveira CNT, da Silva LSC, Braga Martins Oliveira H, Sousa Freire R, Marques LM, Santos MLC, de Melo FF, Souza CL, Oliveira MV. Relationship between Mollicutes and spontaneous abortion: An epidemiological analysis. World J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 10:1-15. [DOI: 10.5317/wjog.v10.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abortion is of great importance in public health, as it is among the main causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. In addition to sociodemographic- and lifestyle-related factors, studies have associated infections of the genital tract with higher rates of abortion. Therefore, the exacerbated presence and rise of Mollicutes in the genitourinary tract may be related to higher rates of abortion.
AIM To perform an epidemiological analysis of women who had spontaneous abor-tions and placental colonization by Mollicutes in a maternity hospital.
METHODS This cross-sectional study involved the collection of data and biological material from women hospitalized due to spontaneous abortion or term delivery. The sample consisted of 89 women who miscarried and 20 women who had full term pregnancy. Data collection was carried out in three stages: (1) Conducting research on the information and clinical data in medical records of patients hospitalized due to abortion; (2) Application of a semi-structured questionnaire to identify the patient's epidemiological profile and (3) Collection of placental tissue. Placental samples were collected after the curettage procedure (abortion) and after placental expulsion (delivery), both performed by an obstetrician. Microbial identification in the fragments was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In this study, the following explanatory variables were considered: (1) Sociodemographic variables; (2) Variables related to access to health services; (3) Variables related to lifestyle; and (4) Variables related to sexual and reproductive health, all of which were used to perform descriptive, univariate and multivariate analyses.
RESULTS In the final model, placental colonization by Mollicutes was independently associated with the variables age [odds ratio (OR) = 7.55; CI: 2.37-24.03] and menarche (OR = 3.43; CI: 1.03-11.44). In this investigation, the prevalence of Mollicutes colonization by at least one of the following three species: Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum in women who had spontaneous abortion was 73.0%. When comparing colonization between the two groups of participating women, there was an 8.12-fold risk of placental colonization by at least one Mollicutes species in the women who had an abortion, compared to those who completed pregnancy. The final multivariate analysis model revealed a statistically significant association between placental colonization by Mollicutes in abortion with the following variables: age, as women up to 29 years old had a 7.55-fold risk of spontaneous abortion, compared to those who were older than 29 years; menarche, where women who had menarche up to 13 years old had a 3.43-fold risk of miscarriage compared to those who had menarche over 13 years old; and a change in eating habits, after the discovery of pregnancy, was a protective factor (OR = 0.16).
CONCLUSION These findings revealed a positive association between spontaneous abortion and placental colonization by Mollicutes. This indicates the need for further investigation of this issue, to guide decision-making for the prevention of abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tânia Silva Oliveira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Raquel Sousa Freire
- Universidade Estadual Santa Cruz, Universidade Estadual Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Marques
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Lima Souza
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Márcio Vasconcelos Oliveira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029094, Bahia, Brazil
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13
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Detection of Ureaplasma Biovars and Subtyping of Ureaplasma parvum among Women Referring to a University Hospital in Morocco. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2020; 2020:7286820. [PMID: 32565672 PMCID: PMC7298260 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7286820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Ureaplasma biovars and Ureaplasma parvum (U. parvum) serovars, their associated risk factors, and genital STI-related symptoms. Methods DNA obtained from cervical samples of 1053 women attending the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the laboratory of pathological anatomy of Hassan II university hospital of Fez, Morocco, was used to detect Ureaplasma biovars (U. urealyticum and U. parvum) and to subtype U. parvum by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Of the 1053 women examined, 25.4% (268/1053) were Ureaplasma positives. The rates of U. urealyticum and U. parvum were 12.1% (128/1053) and 7% (74/1053), respectively, and the copresence of these biovars was noted in 6.3% (66/1053) cases. The U. parvum subtyping revealed a predominance of the serovar 3/14 (61.4%). The association of demographics variables with Ureaplasma biovars was studied and shows that the age (“<30” years) seems to be a risk factor of Ureaplasma spp. and U. urealyticum carriage (OR 1.729, 95% CI [1.113-2.687] and OR 1.848, 95% CI [1.026-3.330], respectively). There was no difference in the prevalence of Ureaplasma type regarding symptoms. However, a significant association was found between U. parvum serovar 1 and infertility (P = 0.011). Conclusion This first study conducted in Morocco provides an idea on Ureaplasma biovars and U. parvum serovars circulating in this region, their associated risk factors, and genital STI-related symptoms. Therefore, further studies are required to clarify and confirm the pathogenic role of these Ureaplasma species.
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14
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Siles-Guerrero V, Cardona-Benavides I, Liébana-Martos C, Vázquez-Alonso F, Expósito-Ruiz M, Navarro-Marí JM, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. Recent clinical relevance of mono-genital colonization/infection by Ureaplasma parvum. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:1899-1905. [PMID: 32436116 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ureaplasma parvum is the most prevalent genital mycoplasma in women of childbearing age. There is debate around the relevance of its presence in male or female genitals for disease development and as a cofactor. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of colonization/infection by U. parvum and its possible relationship with reproductive tract infections. We retrospectively analyzed the presence of U. parvum in patients referred by specialist clinicians for suspicion of genitourinary tract infection. U. parvum was detected in 23.8% of samples, significantly more frequently in females (39.9%) than in males (6%). Among the males, U. parvum was found alone in 68.4% of episodes, with Ct < 30. Among the females, U. parvum was detected in 88.6% of cases, with Ct < 30, including 22 cases with premature rupture of membranes and 6 cases with threat of preterm labor. Co-infection was significantly more frequent in females (62.6%) than in males (31.6%). Given the high prevalence of U. parvum as sole isolate in males and females with genitourinary symptoms, it should be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of genital infections, although its pathogenic role in some diseases has not been fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Siles-Guerrero
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada-Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada.ibs, Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Cardona-Benavides
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Liébana-Martos
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Ciudad de Jaén -Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs Granada, Jaén, Spain
| | - Fernando Vázquez-Alonso
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves-Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuela Expósito-Ruiz
- Research and Biostatistics Methodology Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José María Navarro-Marí
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves-Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada-Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada.ibs, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves-Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs Granada, Granada, Spain.
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15
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Lewis AL, Gilbert NM. Roles of the vagina and the vaginal microbiota in urinary tract infection: evidence from clinical correlations and experimental models. GMS INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 8:Doc02. [PMID: 32373427 PMCID: PMC7186798 DOI: 10.3205/id000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that the vagina can harbor uropathogenic bacteria. Here, we consider three roles played by the vagina and its bacterial inhabitants in urinary tract infection (UTI) and urinary health. First, the vagina can serve as a reservoir for Escherichia coli, the most common cause of UTI, and other recognized uropathogens. Second, several vaginal bacterial species are frequently detected upon urine culture but are underappreciated as uropathogens, and other vaginal species are likely under-reported because of their fastidious nature. Third, some vaginal bacteria that are not widely viewed as uropathogens can transit briefly in the urinary tract, cause injury or immunomodulation, and shift the balance of host-pathogen interactions to influence the outcomes of uropathogenesis. This chapter describes the current literature in these three areas and summarizes the impact of the vaginal microbiota on susceptibility to UTI and other urologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Lewis
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, St. Louis, United States
| | - Nicole M. Gilbert
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, United States
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16
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Alicja E, Małgorzata R, Małgorzata A, Elżbieta SG, Paweł C, Dominika S, Jarosław J, Michał H, Gayane M. Prevalence of urogenital mycoplasmas in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): preliminary study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 39:717-721. [PMID: 31832807 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of urogenital mycoplasmas in urogenital tract of women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The study group included 36 women diagnosed with SLE and 100 healthy controls. Mycoplasmas were detected with microculture and PCR in 13/36 (36.1%) women with SLE and in 25/100 (25%) controls. In both groups, U. parvum occurred significantly more frequently. M. genitalium was detected in 3/36 (8.3%) SLE patients and in 3/100 (3%) controls. FVU as a material decreased the number of positive results from 33.3% to 30.6% compared with swabs.Although the incidence of mycoplasmas in urogenital tract of women with SLE and controls did not differ statistically, it is important to consider them as a potential etiology of urogenital infection when clinical symptoms are present, but etiology is unknown or uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekiel Alicja
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Romanik Małgorzata
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aptekorz Małgorzata
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Semik-Grabarczyk Elżbieta
- Department of Internal, Autoimmune and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Cieślik Paweł
- Department of Internal, Autoimmune and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Smolec Dominika
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jóźwiak Jarosław
- Department of Histology and Embryology Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Holecki Michał
- Department of Internal, Autoimmune and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Martirosian Gayane
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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17
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Martinelli M, Musumeci R, Sechi I, Sotgiu G, Piana A, Perdoni F, Sina F, Fruscio R, Landoni F, Cocuzza CE. Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among Italian Women Referred for a Colposcopy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16245000. [PMID: 31818033 PMCID: PMC6950209 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a major cause of morbidity in women and men worldwide. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections are among the most prevalent STIs and persistent infections with high-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes can cause cervical dysplasia and invasive cervical cancer. The association of other STIs with HPV cervical infection and/or dysplasia has however not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HPV and other STIs among women presenting with an abnormal cervical cytology. Cervical infections with 28 HPV genotypes and seven other sexually transmitted pathogens were evaluated in 177 women referred for a colposcopy after an abnormal Pap smear. Positivity for at least one hrHPV genotype was shown in 87% of women; HPV 16 was the most prevalent (25.0%), followed by HPV 31 and HPV 51. The overall positivity for other STIs was 49.2%, with Ureaplasma parvum being the most prevalent microrganism (39.0%). Co-infections between hrHPV and other STIs were demonstrated in 17.5% of women; no significant association was demonstrated between multiple infections and the colposcopy findings. This study provides new epidemiological data on the prevalence of cervical infections associated with HPV and seven other common sexually transmitted pathogens in a population of women presenting with an abnormal cervical cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Martinelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.M.); (R.M.); (F.P.); (R.F.); (F.L.)
| | - Rosario Musumeci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.M.); (R.M.); (F.P.); (R.F.); (F.L.)
| | - Illari Sechi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (I.S.); (G.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (I.S.); (G.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Piana
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (I.S.); (G.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Federica Perdoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.M.); (R.M.); (F.P.); (R.F.); (F.L.)
| | - Federica Sina
- ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Robert Fruscio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.M.); (R.M.); (F.P.); (R.F.); (F.L.)
- ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Fabio Landoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.M.); (R.M.); (F.P.); (R.F.); (F.L.)
- ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Clementina E. Cocuzza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.M.); (R.M.); (F.P.); (R.F.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Lopez-Arias M, Vazquez-Jimenez S, Martinez-Abundis E, Gomez-Crisostomo NP, Chavez-Blanco A, Contreras-Paredes A, De la Cruz-Hernandez E. Genital association of human papillomavirus with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. in Mexican women with precancerous lesions. Int J STD AIDS 2019; 30:969-977. [PMID: 31284837 DOI: 10.1177/0956462419855508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The genital colonization of certain Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. has been associated with an increased the risk of acquisition and persistence of human papillomavirus. However, its association with high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes is not entirely clear, and the prevalence of such coinfections in cervical precancerous lesions has been poorly explored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of high-risk human papillomavirus with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. in 258 women recruited during their routine gynecological inspection at an outpatient clinic in Tabasco, Mexico. Among the Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. evaluated in the present study, the highest peak of prevalence was attributed to Ureaplasma parvum (32.9%), followed by Mycoplasma hominis (14%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (6.6%), and Mycoplasma genitalium (0.8%). The overall prevalence rates of papillomavirus DNA and high-risk human papillomavirus were 25.6% and 17.1%, respectively. The overall association showed that M. hominis and U. urealyticum correlated significantly with high-risk human papillomavirus infection. According to the cytological results, the distribution of coinfection with high-risk human papillomavirus and U. urealyticum did not show significant differences with respect to severity of cervical lesions. Conversely, the association of high-risk human papillomavirus with M. hominis was more frequent in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions ( P = 0.037).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lopez-Arias
- 1 Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco City, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Silvia Vazquez-Jimenez
- 1 Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco City, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Martinez-Abundis
- 1 Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco City, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Nancy P Gomez-Crisostomo
- 1 Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco City, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Alma Chavez-Blanco
- 2 Laboratory of Epigenetics, Division of Basic Research, National Cancer Institute of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Contreras-Paredes
- 3 Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Biology of Oncogenic Virus Division of Basic Research, National Cancer Institute of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erick De la Cruz-Hernandez
- 1 Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco City, Tabasco, Mexico
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López-Olmos J. Detección de ITS (infecciones de trasmisión sexual) en mujeres afectas de ASCUS y LSIL en la citología cervicovaginal. Estudio prospectivo de 4 meses. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gine.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Xiao B, Wu C, Song W, Niu X, Qin N, Liu Z, Xu Q. Association Analysis on Recurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis Revealed Microbes and Clinical Variables Important for Treatment Outcome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:189. [PMID: 31245300 PMCID: PMC6579829 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the parameters associated with post-treatment recurrence of bacterial vaginosis (BV), clinical factors and vaginal microbiota were examined and analyzed for BV patients who received standard metronidazole therapy. The variables associated with BV recurrence included clinical factors of past BV history, use of intravaginal device, and D7 Nugent score as well as many microbial genera, with Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Ureaplasma, and Aerococcus being the top contributors. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that whereas overwhelming majority of interbacterial interactions were positive, negative interactions were present and connected mostly to Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and to a less extent Ureaplasma, suggesting the importance of interbacterial antagonism for treatment outcome. The patients who were cured and recurrent also exhibited clear differences in the species composition of Lactobacillus: although L. iners remained the dominant species at all time points, L. crispatus, L. gasseri, and L. jensenii displayed apparent differences in relative abundance between the cure and recurrent groups. Based on these results, we developed a 5-component panel comprising Enterococcus, L. crispatus, Ureaplasma, Aerococcus, and L. jensenii for predicting recurrence using D7 data and showed that it generated the specificity, sensitivity, and AUC values of 0.80, 0.66, and 0.73 for the discovery cohort and 0.80, 0.67, and 0.69 for the validation cohort. Our findings highlighted key microbial components for BV recurrence and suggested that they could be used to monitor the treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiaoxi Niu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Qin
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, China.,Shenzhen Jinrui Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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21
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Taylor J, Sampene Ossei PP, Pradhan K, Adjah J, Agyeman-Duah E, Afranie BO, Donkor S, Ayibor W. Detecting Ureaplasma urealyticum among HIV-infected women with or without human papillomavirus using real-time PCR with the ANYPLEX™ II STI-7 assay system. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2019; 14:295-299. [PMID: 31435420 PMCID: PMC6695007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections increase the chances of women contracting human papillomavirus (HPV), the prime causative agent of cervical cancer. Additionally, Ureaplasma urealyticum is the most frequent pathogen prevailing in sexually transmitted diseases in HIV-infected women. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of U. urealyticum among HIV-infected women with or without HPV in Ghana. Methods DNA samples were extracted from cervico-vaginal swabs obtained from 96 HIV-infected women attending the Kumasi South Hospital. U. urealyticum in the DNA samples was detected by real-time PCR with the Anyplex™ II STI-7 detection assay. Microsoft Excel was used to analyze the data, and the Chi-square test was used to determine associations and dependence among the variables. Results Among the study population, 93.75% (90/96) were positive for at least one pathogen.In total, 36.5% (35/96) of the women were infected by U. urealyticum, with 30.21% (29/96) being co-infected with HPV. There was no significant association (95% CI, p > 0.05) between U. urealyticum and HPV status among the HIV-infected women. Conclusion U. urealyticum and HPV are highly pathogenic, and their prevalence in this study reiterates the need for their routine screening in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Taylor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Assam, India
- Corresponding address: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Assam, India.
| | - Paul P. Sampene Ossei
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology/Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Krishna Pradhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Assam, India
| | - Joshua Adjah
- West Africa Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Legon, Ghana
| | - Eric Agyeman-Duah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Bright O. Afranie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Sampson Donkor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - William Ayibor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Oh KJ, Hong JS, Romero R, Yoon BH. The frequency and clinical significance of intra-amniotic inflammation in twin pregnancies with preterm labor and intact membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 32:527-541. [PMID: 29020827 PMCID: PMC5899042 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1384460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate the frequency and clinical significance of intra-amniotic inflammation in twin pregnancies with preterm labor and intact membranes. STUDY DESIGN Amniotic fluid (AF) was retrieved from both sacs in 90 twin gestations with preterm labor and intact membranes (gestational age between 20 and 34 6/7 weeks). Preterm labor was defined as the presence of painful regular uterine contractions, with a frequency of at least 2 every 10 min, requiring hospitalization. Fluid was cultured and assayed for matrix metalloproteinase-8. Intra-amniotic inflammation was defined as an AF matrix metalloproteinase-8 concentration >23 ng/mL. RESULTS The prevalence of intra-amniotic inflammation for at least 1 amniotic sac was 39% (35/90), while that of proven intra-amniotic infection for at least one amniotic sac was 10% (9/90). Intra-amniotic inflammation without proven microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity was found in 29% (26/90) of the cases. Intra-amniotic inflammation was present in both amniotic sacs for 22 cases, in the presenting amniotic sac for 12 cases, and in the non-presenting amniotic sac for one case. Women with intra-amniotic inflammation observed in at least one amniotic sac and a negative AF culture for microorganisms had a significantly higher rate of adverse pregnancy outcome than those with a negative AF culture and without intra-amniotic inflammation (lower gestational age at birth, shorter amniocentesis-to-delivery interval, and significant neonatal morbidity). Importantly, there was no significant difference in pregnancy outcome between women with intra-amniotic inflammation and a negative AF culture and those with a positive AF culture. CONCLUSION Intra-amniotic inflammation is present in 39% of twin pregnancies with preterm labor and intact membranes and is a risk factor for impending preterm delivery and adverse outcome, regardless of the presence or absence of bacteria detected using cultivation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Joon Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Bo Hyun Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and herpes simplex virus in Beijing, China. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 147:e59. [PMID: 30501682 PMCID: PMC6518584 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818003163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of sexually transmitted infection (STI) pathogens in Beijing, China, is rarely reported. In this study, 34 911 symptomatic outpatients with suspected genital infections who attended outpatient clinics in a tertiary care hospital were included to investigate the updated prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2016 in Beijing, China. Results indicated that a decrease trend (UU, CT, NG and HSV) in male and an increase trend (UU, CT and NG) in female were observed during the period. Patients aged 20–39 years old were mostly affected by these pathogens, while the prevalence in patients aged 20–29 years old was the highest, The prevalence of UU in male was significantly lower than in female (31.5% vs. 49.3%, P < 0.05), while the prevalence of NG in male was significantly higher than in female (2.5% vs. 0.8%, P < 0.05). In patients with co-infections, 60.6% of male and 71.4% of female were co-infected by UU + CT. In total, 11.9% and 88.1% of patients with HSV infections were confirmed to be infected by HSV-1 and HSV-2. This study could contribute to a better understanding of the current epidemiological features of UU, NG, CT and HSV among symptomatic patients attending an outpatient clinic in Beijing, China, and thus facilitate to develop more effective intervention, prevention and treatment of STI.
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Rumyantseva T, Khayrullina G, Guschin A, Donders G. Prevalence of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis in healthy women and patients with flora alterations. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 93:227-231. [PMID: 30344067 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to estimate the prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum, and Ureaplasma urealyticum in healthy women and patients with altered vaginal microflora. Vaginal samples from 2594 unselected female patients were divided into normal, bacterial vaginosis (BV), and aerobic vaginitis (AV) groups and tested for U. parvum, U. urealyticum and M. hominis. Normal flora was detected in 1773 patients (68.4%), BV in 754 patients (29.1%), and AV in 67 patients (2.6%). In the control group, 771 (43.5%) patients were U. parvum positive, 104 (5.9%) were U. urealyticum positive, and 158 (8.9%) were M. hominis positive. In the BV group, those bacteria were detected in 452 (59.9%), 102 (13.5%), and 202 (26.8%) patients, respectively (P < 0.001); in the AV group, those were detected in 16 (23.9%), 3 (4.5%), and 4 (6.0%) patients, respectively (P < 0.001; 0.63 and 0.40, respectively). This study demonstrated that mycoplasmas may be a marker or a symbiont of the BV flora but not AV flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Rumyantseva
- Laboratory of molecular diagnostics of reproductive tract infections, Federal Budget Institute of Science "Central Research Institute for Epidemiology" of Rospotrebnadzor, 111123, Novogireevskaya st. 3a, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Guzel Khayrullina
- Laboratory for studying pathogenesis and clinics of socially important infectious and parasitic diseases, Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia, 117198, Moscow Miklukho-Maklaya str.6, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Guschin
- Laboratory of molecular diagnostics of reproductive tract infections, Federal Budget Institute of Science "Central Research Institute for Epidemiology" of Rospotrebnadzor, 111123, Novogireevskaya st. 3a, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gilbert Donders
- Femicare Clinical Research for Women, 3300, Gasthuismolenstraat 31, Tienen, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Antwerp University, 2000, Prinsstraat 13, Antwerp, Belgium
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25
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Horner P, Donders G, Cusini M, Gomberg M, Jensen JS, Unemo M. Should we be testing for urogenital Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum in men and women? - a position statement from the European STI Guidelines Editorial Board. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:1845-1851. [PMID: 29924422 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
At present, we have no evidence that we are doing more good than harm detecting and subsequently treating Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum colonizations/infections. Consequently, routine testing and treatment of asymptomatic or symptomatic men and women for M. hominis, U. urealyticum and U. parvum are not recommended. Asymptomatic carriage of these bacteria is common, and the majority of individuals do not develop any disease. Although U. urealyticum has been associated with urethritis in men, it is probably not causal unless a high load is present (likely carriage in 40-80% of detected cases). The extensive testing, detection and subsequent antimicrobial treatment of these bacteria performed in some settings may result in the selection of antimicrobial resistance, in these bacteria, 'true' STI agents, as well as in the general microbiota, and substantial economic cost for society and individuals, particularly women. The commercialization of many particularly multiplex PCR assays detecting traditional non-viral STIs together with M. hominis, U. parvum and/or U. urealyticum has worsened this situation. Thus, routine screening of asymptomatic men and women or routine testing of symptomatic individuals for M. hominis, U. urealyticum and U. parvum is not recommended. If testing of men with symptomatic urethritis is undertaken, traditional STI urethritis agents such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, M. genitalium and, in settings where relevant, Trichomonas vaginalis should be excluded prior to U. urealyticum testing and quantitative species-specific molecular diagnostic tests should be used. Only men with high U. urealyticum load should be considered for treatment; however, appropriate evidence for effective treatment regimens is lacking. In symptomatic women, bacterial vaginosis (BV) should always be tested for and treated if detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Horner
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - G Donders
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - M Cusini
- Department of Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - M Gomberg
- Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Moscow, Russia
| | - J S Jensen
- Infection Preparedness, Research Unit for Reproductive Tract Microbiology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Unemo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Kletzel HH, Rotem R, Barg M, Michaeli J, Reichman O. Ureaplasma urealyticum: the Role as a Pathogen in Women's Health, a Systematic Review. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2018; 20:33. [PMID: 29959546 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-018-0640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To evaluate the role of Ureaplasma urealyticum as a genital pathogen in women's health. Three aspects were analyzed: (1) preterm delivery (PTD); (2) female infertility; and (3) lower genital tract pathology including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), cervicitis, and genital discomfort (discharge, burning). RECENT FINDINGS A systematic review was performed. Searching PUBMED and EMBASE for published articles from January 2003 to September 2017 using the key word "Ureaplasma urealyticum" yielded 1835 manuscripts. These were further screened using defined inclusion criteria: (1) original peer-reviewed observational studies; (2) English language; (3) U. urealyticum was specifically isolated; (4) present "cases"/"exposed" and "controls"/"unexposed" to enable calculating an association between U. urealyticum and the outcome studied. Altogether, 32 studies were included that underwent quality scoring based on methodology, sample size, study population, and method of identification of U. urealyticum. The association of U. urealyticum and PTD was inconsistent between the studies. Eight of the ten prospective studies failed to show an association between U. urealyticum and PTD, yet four of the six case control studies found a positive association. Regarding female infertility and genital discomfort, five of the six studies for each of these topics failed to find an association. Only two studies met the inclusion criteria for cervicitis with conflicting conclusions. Unfortunately, none of the studies met the inclusion criteria for PID. It seems that U. urealyticum has a limited role as a pathogen in female infertility, cervicitis, PID, and genital discomfort. The role as a pathogen in PTD is unclear and future studies are needed to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Hershko Kletzel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reut Rotem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moshe Barg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jennia Michaeli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orna Reichman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Prevalence of cervical colonization by Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum , Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma genitalium in childbearing age women by a commercially available multiplex real-time PCR: An Italian observational multicentre study. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2018; 51:220-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Glaser K, Silwedel C, Fehrholz M, Henrich B, Waaga-Gasser AM, Claus H, Speer CP. Ureaplasma isolates stimulate pro-inflammatory CC chemokines and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in neonatal and adult monocytes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194514. [PMID: 29558521 PMCID: PMC5860755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Being generally regarded as commensal bacteria, the pro-inflammatory capacity of Ureaplasma species has long been debated. Recently, we confirmed Ureaplasma–driven pro-inflammatory cytokine responses and a disturbance of cytokine equilibrium in primary human monocytes in vitro. The present study addressed the expression of CC chemokines and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in purified term neonatal and adult monocytes stimulated with serovar 8 of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) and serovar 3 of U. parvum (Up). Using qRT-PCR and multi-analyte immunoassay, we assessed mRNA and protein expression of the monocyte chemotactic proteins 1 and 3 (MCP-1/3), the macrophage inflammatory proteins 1α and 1β (MIP-1α/β) as well as MMP-9. For the most part, both isolates stimulated mRNA expression of all given chemokines and MMP-9 in cord blood and adult monocytes (p<0.05 and p<0.01). These results were paralleled by Uu and Up-induced secretion of MCP-1 protein in both cells (neonatal: p<0.01, adult: p<0.05 and p<0.01). Release of MCP-3, MIP-1α, MIP-1β and MMP-9 was enhanced upon exposure to Up (neonatal: p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively; adult: p<0.05). Co-stimulation of LPS-primed monocytes with Up increased LPS-induced MCP-1 release in neonatal cells (p<0.05) and aggravated LPS-induced MMP-9 mRNA in both cell subsets (neonatal: p<0.05, adult: p<0.01). Our results document considerable expression of pro-inflammatory CC chemokines and MMP-9 in human monocytes in response to Ureaplasma isolates in vitro, adding to our previous data. Findings from co-stimulated cells indicate that Ureaplasma may modulate monocyte immune responses to a second stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Glaser
- University Children´s Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Christine Silwedel
- University Children´s Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fehrholz
- University Children´s Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Henrich
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University Clinic of Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology & Immunology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Claus
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian P. Speer
- University Children´s Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Xu WH, Chen JJ, Sun Q, Wang LP, Jia YF, Xuan BB, Xu B, Sheng HM. Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among Chinese women with urinary tract infections in Shanghai: A community-based cross-sectional study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2017; 44:495-502. [PMID: 29271025 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study explored chlamydia trachomatis (CT), ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and/or neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) in 5893 women with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Shanghai. METHODS From January 2009 to December 2014, 5893 women with UTIs in Shanghai were selected to undergo CT, UU and NG detection. Baseline characteristics including age, education level, occupation, reproductive history, sexual behavior and contraceptive method were obtained for epidemiological analysis. RESULTS The total CT, UU and/or NG infection rate in the urine samples of 5893 patients was 50.69% (2987/5893), while the infection rate in vaginal secretion samples was 56.22% (3313/5893). The two detection methods were consistent. Patients aged 21-30, service personnel and unemployed persons had the highest rates of CT, UU and/or NG infection, while patients with higher education levels exhibited lower rates. As the number of previous pregnancies, natural births, abortions, sexual partners and the frequency of sexual intercourse increased, the rates of CT, UU and/or NG infection were elevated. Sexual intercourse during the menstruation period, a lack of cleaning before sexual intercourse and the use of intrauterine devices could all lead to an increased rate of CT, UU and/or NG infection. CONCLUSIONS These data revealed that the rate of CT, UU and/or NG infection may be associated with age, education level, occupation, reproductive history, sexual behavior and type of contraceptive method in female patients with UTI in Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hong Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jie Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Fei Jia
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin-Bin Xuan
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ming Sheng
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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30
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Méndez-Martínez S, García-Carrasco M, Cedillo-Ramírez ML, Mendoza-Pinto C, Etchegaray-Morales I, Gil-Juárez C, Montiel-Jarquín ÁJ, Taboada-Cole A, Jiménez-Herrera EA, Muñóz-Guarneros M, Cervera R. Genital Mycoplasma infection among Mexican women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2017; 138:17-22. [PMID: 28295282 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of genital Mycoplasma spp. among women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to identify factors associated with such infection. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with SLE and healthy women who attended a hospital in Puebla, Mexico, between July 29, 2014, and January 4, 2015. All participants were aged 18 years or older and sexually active. A structured interview assessed sociodemographic, obstetric, gynecologic, and clinical characteristics. Disease activity was evaluated using the Mexican SLE Disease Activity Index. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the presence of Mycoplasma spp. in genital samples. RESULTS Ureaplasma urealyticum was the only genital mycoplasma detected; it was present in 32 (24.6%) of 130 patients with SLE and 12 (12.8%) of 94 healthy women. Patients with SLE had increased odds of infection (odds ratio 2.120, 95% confidence interval 1.046-4.296). Among patients with SLE, multiparity was more common in those with U. urealyticum infection (P=0.043). CONCLUSION One-quarter of women with SLE had genital infection with U. urealyticum. An association was found between infection and multiparity among women with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Socorro Méndez-Martínez
- Coordination Research, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico.,Science Institute, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Mario García-Carrasco
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Regional General Hospital #36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico.,Department of Rheumatology, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - María L Cedillo-Ramírez
- Centre of Biomolecular Detection and Research of Microbiological Sciences, Science Institute, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Claudia Mendoza-Pinto
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Regional General Hospital #36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico.,Department of Rheumatology, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ivet Etchegaray-Morales
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Regional General Hospital #36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Constantino Gil-Juárez
- Centre of Biomolecular Detection and Research of Microbiological Sciences, Science Institute, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Álvaro J Montiel-Jarquín
- Division of Health Research, High Specialty Medical Unit, Orthopedics and Traumatology Hospital, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Taboada-Cole
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Regional General Hospital #36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Erick A Jiménez-Herrera
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Regional General Hospital #36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Ricard Cervera
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Effect of Genital Sampling Site on the Detection and Quantification of Ureaplasma Species with Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction during Pregnancy. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2017; 2017:6725168. [PMID: 28260847 PMCID: PMC5316449 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6725168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. This study aimed to compare the qualitative and quantitative reproducibility of quantitative PCR (qPCR) for Ureaplasma species (Ureaplasma spp.) throughout pregnancy and according to the genital sampling site. Study Design. Between 5 and 14 weeks of gestation (T1), vaginal, fornix, and two cervical samples were taken. Sampling was repeated during the 2nd (T2) and 3rd (T3) trimester in randomly selected T1 positive and negative women. Qualitative and quantitative reproducibility were evaluated using, respectively, Cohen's kappa (κ) and interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and repeated measures ANOVA on the log-transformed mean number of DNA copies for each sampling site. Results. During T1, 51/127 women were positive for U. parvum and 8 for U. urealyticum (4 patients for both). Sampling was repeated for 44/55 women at T2 and/or T3; 43 (97.7%) remained positive at the three timepoints. κ ranged between 0.83 and 0.95 and the ICC for cervical samples was 0.86. Conclusions. Colonization by Ureaplasma spp. seems to be very constant during pregnancy and vaginal samples have the highest detection rate.
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Sweeney EL, Dando SJ, Kallapur SG, Knox CL. The Human Ureaplasma Species as Causative Agents of Chorioamnionitis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2017; 30:349-379. [PMID: 27974410 PMCID: PMC5217797 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00091-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human Ureaplasma species are the most frequently isolated microorganisms from the amniotic fluid and placentae of women who deliver preterm and are also associated with spontaneous abortions or miscarriages, neonatal respiratory diseases, and chorioamnionitis. Despite the fact that these microorganisms have been habitually found within placentae of pregnancies with chorioamnionitis, the role of Ureaplasma species as a causative agent has not been satisfactorily explained. There is also controversy surrounding their role in disease, particularly as not all women infected with Ureaplasma spp. develop chorioamnionitis. In this review, we provide evidence that Ureaplasma spp. are associated with diseases of pregnancy and discuss recent findings which demonstrate that Ureaplasma spp. are associated with chorioamnionitis, regardless of gestational age at the time of delivery. Here, we also discuss the proposed major virulence factors of Ureaplasma spp., with a focus on the multiple-banded antigen (MBA), which may facilitate modulation/alteration of the host immune response and potentially explain why only subpopulations of infected women experience adverse pregnancy outcomes. The information presented within this review confirms that Ureaplasma spp. are not simply "innocent bystanders" in disease and highlights that these microorganisms are an often underestimated pathogen of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Sweeney
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samantha J Dando
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suhas G Kallapur
- Division of Neonatology, the Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Christine L Knox
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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33
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Xie QZ, Xu WM, Qi QR, Luo ZL, Dong L. Patients with cervical Ureaplasma Urealyticum and Chlamydia Trachomatis infection undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET: The need for new paradigm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 36:716-722. [PMID: 27752891 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-016-1650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genital tract infections with ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and chlamydia trachomatis (CT) are the most frequent sexually-transmitted disease worldwide. UU and CT infections are considered to be the leading cause for infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, little is known about the specific effect of cervical UU and CT infections on the etiology of female infertility, as well as the pregnancy outcomes of the patients undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET). In order to find the association between cervical UU and/or CT infection and pregnancy outcomes, we conducted a retrospective case-control study on the patients undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET with cervical UU and/or CT infection. A total of 2208 patients who received IVF/ICSI-ET were enrolled in this study. Data on the general conditions, pregnancy history and clinical pregnant outcomes were analyzed in terms of the cervical UU and CT detection. Our results revealed that cervical UU and CT infections were the risk factors for ectopic pregnancy and tubal factor-induced infertility. Moreover, the pregnancy rate, abortion rate, ectopic pregnancy rate and premature birth rate in patients with UU and/or CT infections showed no significant difference when compared with the control group. We recommend that cervical UU and CT detection should be an optional item for infertility patients and clinical UU detection should differentiate the subtypes of cervical UU. Positive cervical UU and CT infections should not be taken as strict contraindications for IVF/ICSI-ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Zhen Xie
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wang-Ming Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Qian-Rong Qi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zeng-Li Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lan Dong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
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Mycoplasmataceae Colonizations in Women With Urethral Pain Syndrome: A Case-Control Study. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2016; 20:272-4. [DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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