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Vaikutyte-Ramanauskiene R, Puslys T, Pukenyte E, Mickiene A. The first case of invasive S. suis infection in a human in Lithuania: Case report and literature review. IDCases 2024; 37:e02050. [PMID: 39220425 PMCID: PMC11363833 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that can cause infections in pigs and humans, usually after ingestion of raw pork meat or wound contamination. We report the first S. suis meningitis and sepsis case in a human in Lithuania. 51 y.o. man with no relevant comorbidities, but with a history of alcohol abuse was admitted to the emergency department due to new-onset tonic-clonic seizures. The patient became agitated, aggressive and hypotensive, later sensible contact was lost (GCS of 8 points). Blood tests and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis were consistent with bacterial meningitis, thus ceftriaxone and ampicillin were empirically started. S. suis, susceptible to penicillin and ceftriaxone, was identified in blood and CSF cultures. The patient recovered without any immediate significant sequels, but later developed cognitive impairment. The route of infection for our patient was not clear because he had no contact with pigs or raw pork, although he lived in the countryside, helped farmers with non-pig related work, had some scabs on his shins and ate home-cooked pork. The paper presents the case report and review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Vaikutyte-Ramanauskiene
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Hospital, Baltijos str. 120, Kaunas LT-47144, Lithuania
| | - Tautvydas Puslys
- Department of Neurology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių str. 2, Kaunas LT-50161, Lithuania
| | - Evelina Pukenyte
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Hospital, Baltijos str. 120, Kaunas LT-47144, Lithuania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A.Mickevičiaus str. 9, Kaunas LT-44307, Lithuania
| | - Aukse Mickiene
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Hospital, Baltijos str. 120, Kaunas LT-47144, Lithuania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A.Mickevičiaus str. 9, Kaunas LT-44307, Lithuania
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Yang Y, Xie S, He F, Xu Y, Wang Z, Ihsan A, Wang X. Recent development and fighting strategies for lincosamide antibiotic resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0016123. [PMID: 38634634 PMCID: PMC11237733 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00161-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYLincosamides constitute an important class of antibiotics used against a wide range of pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However, due to the misuse of lincosamide and co-selection pressure, the resistance to lincosamide has become a serious concern. It is urgently needed to carefully understand the phenomenon and mechanism of lincosamide resistance to effectively prevent and control lincosamide resistance. To date, six mobile lincosamide resistance classes, including lnu, cfr, erm, vga, lsa, and sal, have been identified. These lincosamide resistance genes are frequently found on mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as plasmids, transposons, integrative and conjugative elements, genomic islands, and prophages. Additionally, MGEs harbor the genes that confer resistance not only to antimicrobial agents of other classes but also to metals and biocides. The ultimate purpose of discovering and summarizing bacterial resistance is to prevent, control, and combat resistance effectively. This review highlights four promising strategies, including chemical modification of antibiotics, the development of antimicrobial peptides, the initiation of bacterial self-destruct program, and antimicrobial stewardship, to fight against resistance and safeguard global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiyu Xie
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fangjing He
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yindi Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Awais Ihsan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Hatrongjit R, Fittipaldi N, Gottschalk M, Kerdsin A. Genomic epidemiology in Streptococcus suis: Moving beyond traditional typing techniques. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27818. [PMID: 38509941 PMCID: PMC10951601 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a bacterial gram-positive pathogen that causes invasive infections in swine and is also a zoonotic disease agent. Traditional molecular typing techniques such as ribotyping, multilocus sequence typing, pulse-field gel electrophoresis, or randomly amplified polymorphic DNA have been used to investigate S. suis population structure, evolution, and genetic relationships and support epidemiological and virulence investigations. However, these traditional typing techniques do not fully reveal the genetically heterogeneous nature of S. suis strains. The high-resolution provided by whole-genome sequencing (WGS), which is now more affordable and more commonly available in research and clinical settings, has unlocked the exploration of S. suis genetics at full resolution, permitting the determination of population structure, genetic diversity, identification of virulent clades, genetic markers, and other bacterial features of interest. This approach will likely become the new gold standard for S. suis strain typing as WGS instruments become more widely available and traditional typing techniques are gradually replaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
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Brizuela J, Roodsant TJ, Hasnoe Q, van der Putten BCL, Kozakova J, Slotved HC, van der Linden M, de Beer-Schuurman IGA, Sadowy E, Sáez-Nieto JA, Chalker VJ, van der Ark KCH, Schultsz C. Molecular Epidemiology of Underreported Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis in Europe. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:413-422. [PMID: 38407169 PMCID: PMC10902550 DOI: 10.3201/eid3003.230348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a zoonotic bacterial pathogen circulated through swine, can cause severe infections in humans. Because human S. suis infections are not notifiable in most countries, incidence is underestimated. We aimed to increase insight into the molecular epidemiology of human S. suis infections in Europe. To procure data, we surveyed 7 reference laboratories and performed a systematic review of the scientific literature. We identified 236 cases of human S. suis infection from those sources and an additional 87 by scanning gray literature. We performed whole-genome sequencing to type 46 zoonotic S. suis isolates and combined them with 28 publicly available genomes in a core-genome phylogeny. Clonal complex (CC) 1 isolates accounted for 87% of typed human infections; CC20, CC25, CC87, and CC94 also caused infections. Emergence of diverse zoonotic clades and notable severity of illness in humans support classifying S. suis infection as a notifiable condition.
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Lin C, Feng Y, Xie X, Zhang H, Wu J, Zhu Y, Yu J, Feng J, Su W, Lai S, Zhang A. Antimicrobial resistance characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus isolates from different environmental samples along a laying hen production chain. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:195-205. [PMID: 37980008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance in the laying hen production industry has become a serious public health problem. The antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic relationships of the common conditional pathogen Enterococcus along the laying hen production chain have not been systematically clarified. 105 Enterococcus isolates were obtained from 115 environmental samples (air, dust, feces, flies, sewage, and soil) collected along the laying hen production chain (breeding chicken, chick, young chicken, and commercial laying hen). These Enterococcus isolates exhibited resistance to some clinically relevant antibiotics, such as tetracycline (92.4%), streptomycin (92.4%), and erythromycin (91.4%), and all strains had multidrug resistance phenotypes. Whole genome sequencing characterized 29 acquired antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that conferred resistance to 11 classes of antibiotics in 51 pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus isolates, and lsa(E), which mediates resistance to pleuromutilins, always co-occurred with lnu(B). Alignments with the Mobile Genetic Elements database identified four transposons (Tn554, Tn558, Tn6261, and Tn6674) with several ARGs (erm(A), ant(9)-la, fex(A), and optrA) that mediated resistance to many clinically important antibiotics. Moreover, we identified two new transposons that carried ARGs in the Tn554 family designated as Tn7508 and Tn7492. A complementary approach based on conventional multi-locus sequence typing and whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism analysis showed that phylogenetically related pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus isolates were widely distributed in various environments on different production farms. Our results indicate that environmental contamination by antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus requires greater attention, and they highlight the risk of pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus and ARGs disseminating along the laying hen production chain, thereby warranting effective disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lin
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuxuan Feng
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xianjun Xie
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yixiao Zhu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jingyi Feng
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wen Su
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shanming Lai
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Anyun Zhang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Uruén C, Gimeno J, Sanz M, Fraile L, Marín CM, Arenas J. Invasive Streptococcus suis isolated in Spain contain a highly promiscuous and dynamic resistome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1329632. [PMID: 38317790 PMCID: PMC10839070 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1329632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Streptococcus suis is a major pathogen for swine and human. Here we aimed to know the rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in invasive S. suis isolates recovered along Spain between 2016 - 2021 and elucidate their genetic origin. Methods Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed for 116 isolates of different genetic backgrounds and geographic origins against 18 antibiotics of 9 families. The association between AMR and genotypes and the origin of the isolates were statistically analyzed using Pearson´s chi-square test and the likelihood ratio. The antimicrobial resistant genes were identified by whole genome sequencing analysis and PCR screenings. Results High AMR rates (>80%) were detected for tetracyclines, spectinomycin, lincosamides, and marbofloxacin, medium (20-40%) for sulphonamides/trimethoprim, tiamulin, penicillin G, and enrofloxacin, and low (< 20%) for florfenicol, and four additional β-lactams. The occurrence of multidrug resistance was observed in 90% of isolates. For certain antibiotics (penicillin G, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, tilmicosin, and erythromycin), AMR was significantly associated with particular sequence types (STs), geographic regions, age of pigs, and time course. Whole genome sequencing comparisons and PCR screenings identified 23 AMR genes, of which 19 were previously reported in S. suis (aph(3')-IIIa, sat4, aadE, spw, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, fexA, optrA, erm(B), mef(A/E), mrs(D), mph(C), lnu(B), lsa(E), vga(F), tet(M), tet(O), tet(O/W/32/O), tet(W)), and 4 were novel (aph(2'')-IIIa, apmA, erm(47), tet(T)). These AMR genes explained the AMR to spectinomycin, macrolides, lincosamides, tiamulin, and tetracyclines. Several genes were located on mobile genetic elements which showed a variable organization and composition. As AMR gene homologs were identified in many human and animal pathogens, the resistome of S. suis has a different phylogenetic origin. Moreover, AMR to penicillin G, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim related to mutations in genes coding for target enzymes (pbp1a, pbp2b, pbp2x, mraY, gyrA, parC, and dhfr). Bioinformatic analysis estimated traits of recombination on target genes, also indicative of gene transfer events. Conclusions Our work evidences that S. suis is a major contributor to AMR dissemination across veterinary and human pathogens. Therefore, control of AMR in S. suis should be considered from a One Health approach in regions with high pig production to properly tackle the issue of antimicrobial drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Uruén
- Unit of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute Agrofood of Aragón-IA2, University of Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Gimeno
- Unit of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute Agrofood of Aragón-IA2, University of Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marina Sanz
- Unit of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute Agrofood of Aragón-IA2, University of Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Fraile
- Department of Animal Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecno, Lleida, Spain
| | - Clara M. Marín
- Institute Agrofood of Aragón-IA2, University of Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Animal Production and Health, CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Arenas
- Unit of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute Agrofood of Aragón-IA2, University of Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
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Petrocchi Rilo M, Gutiérrez Martín CB, Acebes Fernández V, Aguarón Turrientes Á, González Fernández A, Miguélez Pérez R, Martínez Martínez S. Streptococcus suis Research Update: Serotype Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Distribution in Swine Isolates Recovered in Spain from 2020 to 2022. Vet Sci 2024; 11:40. [PMID: 38250946 PMCID: PMC10819597 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to update the Streptococcus suis serotype distribution in Spain by analysing 302 clinical isolates recovered from diseased pigs between 2020 and 2022. The main objectives were to identify prevalent serotypes, differentiate specific serotypes 1, 14, 2, and 1/2, investigate specific genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance features, and explore associations between resistance genes and phenotypic resistances. Serotypes 9 (21.2%), 1 (16.2%), 2 (15.6%), 3 (6%), and 7 (5.6%) were the most prevalent, whereas serotypes 14 and 1/2 corresponded with 4.3% and 0.7% of all isolates. Antimicrobial resistance genes, including tet(O), erm(B), lnu(B), lsa(E), tet(M), and mef(A/E), were analysed, which were present in 85.8%, 65.2%, 7%, 7%, 6.3%, and 1% of the samples, respectively. Susceptibility testing for 18 antimicrobials revealed high resistance levels, particularly for clindamycin (88.4%), chlortetracycline (89.4%), and sulfadimethoxine (94.4%). Notably, seven significant associations (p < 0.0001) were detected, correlating specific antimicrobial resistance genes to the observed phenotypic resistance. These findings contribute to understanding the S. suis serotype distribution and its antibiotic resistance profiles in Spain, offering valuable insights for veterinary and public health efforts in managing S. suis-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máximo Petrocchi Rilo
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.R.); (C.B.G.M.); (V.A.F.); (A.G.F.); (R.M.P.)
| | - César Bernardo Gutiérrez Martín
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.R.); (C.B.G.M.); (V.A.F.); (A.G.F.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Vanessa Acebes Fernández
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.R.); (C.B.G.M.); (V.A.F.); (A.G.F.); (R.M.P.)
| | | | - Alba González Fernández
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.R.); (C.B.G.M.); (V.A.F.); (A.G.F.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Rubén Miguélez Pérez
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.R.); (C.B.G.M.); (V.A.F.); (A.G.F.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Sonia Martínez Martínez
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.R.); (C.B.G.M.); (V.A.F.); (A.G.F.); (R.M.P.)
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Lee CY, Zakaria Z, Selvarajah GT, Mustaffa-Kamal F, Voon KGL, Fong MWC, Ooi PT. Screening of Streptococcus suis in swine workers of selected states in Peninsular Malaysia. Vet World 2024; 17:1-7. [PMID: 38406356 PMCID: PMC10884579 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that is highly associated with contact between live pigs and raw pig material. In view of the recent reports of human infections in Malaysia, epidemiological data on the status of S. suis in the human population, especially among people working closely with pigs and/or raw pork, should be provided. The aim of this study was to detect S. suis among individuals working in the swine industry in several major pig production areas in Peninsular Malaysia. Materials and Methods Demographic information, exposure determinants, and oral swabs were collected from swine personnel, including farmers, butchers, and veterinarians. Oral swabs were subjected to bacterial isolation and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for S. suis detection. Results The study included 40 participants working in the swine industry, with a predominant representation of males (62.5%) and Malaysian Chinese individuals (60.0%) who consumed pork (92.5%). Notably, none of the participants reported consuming raw or partially cooked pork. In spite of their occupational exposure risk, none of the oral swabs showed positive results for S. suis infection. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report and detection study of S. suis using oral swabs obtained from swine personnel in Peninsular Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Yien Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zunita Zakaria
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gayathri Thevi Selvarajah
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- UPM - MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farina Mustaffa-Kamal
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kenny Gah Leong Voon
- Division of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Michelle Wai Cheng Fong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Peck Toung Ooi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Dechêne-Tempier M, Jouy E, Bayon-Auboyer MH, Bougeard S, Chauvin C, Libante V, Payot S, Marois-Créhan C. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Streptococcus suis isolated from pigs, wild boars, and humans in France between 1994 and 2020. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0016423. [PMID: 37655935 PMCID: PMC10512786 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00164-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, an emerging zoonotic pathogen, causes invasive infections and substantial economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance against 22 antibiotics was studied for 200 S. suis strains collected in different geographical regions of France. Most of the strains (86%) showed resistance to at least one antibiotic with a low rate of resistance to fluoroquinolones, penicillins, pleuromutilin, and diaminopyrimidine-sulfonamides, and a higher rate to macrolides-lincosamides and tetracycline. Multi-resistance patterns were observed in 138 strains; three of them being resistant to six antibiotic families. Statistical analyses highlighted a decrease in the resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, in our collection, between the two periods studied-before 2010 and after 2015-as well as an impact of the geographical origin with a higher rate of resistance to macrolides-lincosamides and penicillin in Brittany than in the other French regions. Furthermore, macrolides-lincosamides and tetracycline resistance patterns were more likely to be found in pig isolates than in human and wild boar isolates. A difference in resistance was also observed between serotypes. Most of the penicillin-resistant strains belong to serotypes 1, 5, 9, 11, 12, 15, 27, and 29. Finally, penicillin and pleuromutilin resistances were mostly found in "non-clinical" isolates. The empirical treatment of human and porcine infections due to S. suis in France can therefore still be carried out with beta-lactams. However, this study emphasizes the need to monitor antimicrobial resistance in this zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dechêne-Tempier
- ANSES, Mycoplasmology, Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, Nancy, France
| | - Eric Jouy
- ANSES, Mycoplasmology, Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Bougeard
- ANSES, Epidemiology, Health and Welfare Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | - Claire Chauvin
- ANSES, Epidemiology, Health and Welfare Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Sophie Payot
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, Nancy, France
| | - Corinne Marois-Créhan
- ANSES, Mycoplasmology, Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
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Hatrongjit R, Boueroy P, Jenjaroenpun P, Wongsurawat T, Meekhanon N, Chopjitt P, Zheng H, Fittipaldi N, Chareonsudjai S, Segura M, Gottschalk M, Kerdsin A. Genomic characterization and virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 4 clonal complex 94 recovered from human and swine samples. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288840. [PMID: 37498866 PMCID: PMC10374156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes invasive infections in humans and pigs. Herein, we performed genomic analysis of seven S. suis serotype 4 strains belonging to clonal complex (CC) 94 that were recovered from a human patient or from diseased and clinically healthy pigs. Genomic exploration and comparisons, as well as in vitro cytotoxicity tests, indicated that S. suis CC94 serotype 4 strains are potentially virulent. Genomic analysis revealed that all seven strains clustered within minimum core genome group 3 (MCG-3) and had a high number of virulence-associated genes similar to those of virulent serotype 2 strains. Cytotoxicity assays showed that both the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line and HeLa cells rapidly lost viability following incubation for 4 h with the strains at a concentration of 106 bacterial cells. The human serotype 4 strain (ID36054) decreased cell viability profoundly and similarly to the control serotype 2 strain P1/7. In addition, strain ST1689 (ID34572), isolated from a clinically healthy pig, presented similar behaviour in an adenocarcinoma cell line and HeLa cells. The antimicrobial resistance genes tet(O) and ermB that confer resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, and lincosamides were commonly found in the strains. However, aminoglycoside and streptothricin resistance genes were found only in certain strains in this study. Our results indicate that S. suis CC94 serotype 4 strains are potentially pathogenic and virulent and should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of General Sciences, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Parichart Boueroy
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Piroon Jenjaroenpun
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Department of Research and Development, Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thidathip Wongsurawat
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Department of Research and Development, Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattakan Meekhanon
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peechanika Chopjitt
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Han Zheng
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sorujsiri Chareonsudjai
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Mariela Segura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
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11
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Hatrongjit R, Fittipaldi N, Jenjaroenpun P, Wongsurawat T, Visetnan S, Zheng H, Gottschalk M, Kerdsin A. Genomic comparison of two Streptococcus suis serotype 1 strains recovered from porcine and human disease cases. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5380. [PMID: 37009816 PMCID: PMC10068604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes invasive infections in humans and pigs. Although S. suis serotype 2 strains are most prevalent worldwide, other serotypes are also occasionally detected. Herein, we investigated the genomes of two S. suis serotype 1 strains belonging to the clonal complex 1, which were recovered from a human patient and an asymptomatic pig, respectively. The genomes differed in pathotype, virulence-associated gene (VAG) profile, minimum core genome (MCG) typing, and antimicrobial resistance gene content. The porcine serotype 1 strain was sequence type (ST) 237 and MCG1, whereas the human serotype 1 strain was ST105 and MCG ungroupable. Both strains were susceptible to several antibiotics consisting of β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and chloramphenicol. Resistance to tetracycline, macrolides, and clindamycin was observed, which was attributed to the genes tet(O) and erm(B). Analysis of 99 VAG revealed Hhly3, NisK, NisR, salK/salR, srtG, virB4, and virD4 were absent in both serotype 1. However, the porcine strain lacked sadP (Streptococcal adhesin P), whereas the human strain harbored sadP1. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that human S. suis ST105 strains from Vietnam were genetically the closest to the human serotype 1 strain, whereas porcine S. suis ST11 strains from China and Thailand were genetically the closest to the porcine strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Department of General Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand.
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Piroon Jenjaroenpun
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thidathip Wongsurawat
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suwattana Visetnan
- Department of General Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand.
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12
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Azpiroz MF, Burger N, Mazza M, Rodríguez G, Camou T, García Gabarrot G. Characterization of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolates containing lnuB gene responsible for the L phenotype. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284869. [PMID: 37115801 PMCID: PMC10146458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the framework of the β-hemolytic streptococci surveillance carried out by the National Reference Laboratory from Uruguay, three putative Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) were received from different health centers. Being these the first reports associated with human infections in Uruguay, the objective of this work was to confirm their identification, to determine their genetic relationship and to study their antibiotic susceptibility. Using four different methods, they were identified as SEZ, a subspecies which has been described as the etiologic agent of rare and severe zoonosis in a few cases in other countries. The three isolates presented different pulsotypes by PFGE; however, two of them appeared to be related and were confirmed as ST431 by MLST, while the remaining isolate displayed ST72. Their resistance profile exhibited an unexpected feature: despite all of them were susceptible to macrolides, they showed different levels of resistance to clindamycin, i.e. they had the so-called "L phenotype". This rare trait is known to be due to a nucleotidyl-transferase, encoded by genes of the lnu family. Although this phenotype was previously described in a few SEZ isolates, its genetic basis has not been studied yet. This was now analyzed by PCR in the three isolates and they were found to contain a lnuB gene. The lnuB sequence was identical among the three isolates and with many lnuB sequences deposited in data banks. In conclusion, for the first time in Uruguay, three SEZ isolates recovered from non-epidemiologically related cases of human invasive infection were identified. Moreover, this is the first report about the presence of a lnu gene in the S. equi species, revealing the active lateral spread of the lnuB in a new streptococcal host.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Azpiroz
- Facultad de Ciencias, Fisiología y Genética Bacterianas, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | - Teresa Camou
- Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Montevideo, Uruguay
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13
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Uruén C, García C, Fraile L, Tommassen J, Arenas J. How Streptococcus suis escapes antibiotic treatments. Vet Res 2022; 53:91. [DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractStreptococcus suis is a zoonotic agent that causes sepsis and meningitis in pigs and humans. S. suis infections are responsible for large economic losses in pig production. The lack of effective vaccines to prevent the disease has promoted the extensive use of antibiotics worldwide. This has been followed by the emergence of resistance against different classes of antibiotics. The rates of resistance to tetracyclines, lincosamides, and macrolides are extremely high, and resistance has spread worldwide. The genetic origin of S. suis resistance is multiple and includes the production of target-modifying and antibiotic-inactivating enzymes and mutations in antibiotic targets. S. suis genomes contain traits of horizontal gene transfer. Many mobile genetic elements carry a variety of genes that confer resistance to antibiotics as well as genes for autonomous DNA transfer and, thus, S. suis can rapidly acquire multiresistance. In addition, S. suis forms microcolonies on host tissues, which are associations of microorganisms that generate tolerance to antibiotics through a variety of mechanisms and favor the exchange of genetic material. Thus, alternatives to currently used antibiotics are highly demanded. A deep understanding of the mechanisms by which S. suis becomes resistant or tolerant to antibiotics may help to develop novel molecules or combinations of antimicrobials to fight these infections. Meanwhile, phage therapy and vaccination are promising alternative strategies, which could alleviate disease pressure and, thereby, antibiotic use.
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14
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Kerdsin A. Human Streptococcus suis Infections in Thailand: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Genotypes, and Susceptibility. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:359. [PMID: 36355901 PMCID: PMC9695567 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen causing substantial economic losses to the pig industry, as well as being a human health burden due to infections worldwide, especially in Southeast Asia. In Thailand, there was high cumulative incidence in humans during 1987-2021, mostly in males. At least five large outbreaks have been documented after the largest outbreak in China in 2005, which was related to the consumption of raw pork or dishes containing pig's blood. The major clinical features are sepsis or meningitis, with hearing loss a major complication of S. suis disease. Thai human S. suis isolates have shown diversity in serotypes and sequence types (STs), with serotype 2 and STs 1 and 104 being major genotypes. β-Lactam antibiotics can be used in empirical treatment for human S. suis infections; however, intermediate resistance to penicillin has been reported. Reducing S. suis incidence in Thailand requires a multidimensional approach, with combined efforts from the government and public health sectors through policy, regulations, education, and active surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
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15
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Kittiwan N, Calland JK, Mourkas E, Hitchings MD, Murray S, Tadee P, Tadee P, Duangsonk K, Meric G, Sheppard SK, Patchanee P, Pascoe B. Genetic diversity and variation in antimicrobial-resistance determinants of non-serotype 2 Streptococcus suis isolates from healthy pigs. Microb Genom 2022; 8:mgen000882. [PMID: 36326658 PMCID: PMC9836093 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis in South-East Asia, with frequent zoonotic transfer to humans associated with close contact with pigs. A small number of invasive lineages are responsible for endemic infection in the swine industry, causing considerable global economic losses. A lack of surveillance and a rising trend in clinical treatment failure has raised concerns of growing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among invasive S. suis. Gene flow between healthy and disease isolates is poorly understood and, in this study, we sample and sequence a collection of isolates predominantly from healthy pigs in Chiang Mai province, Northern Thailand. Pangenome characterization identified extensive genetic diversity and frequent AMR carriage in isolates from healthy pigs. Multiple AMR genes were identified, conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, lincosamides, tetracycline and macrolides. All isolates were non-susceptible to three or more different antimicrobial classes, and 75 % of non-serotype 2 isolates were non-susceptible to six or more classes (compared to 37.5 % of serotype 2 isolates). AMR genes were found on integrative and conjugative elements previously observed in other species, suggesting a mobile gene pool that can be accessed by invasive disease isolates. This article contains data hosted by Microreact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattinee Kittiwan
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,Integrative Research Centre for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,Veterinary Research and Development Center (Upper Northern Region), Hang Chat, Lampang 52190, Thailand
| | - Jessica K. Calland
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Evangelos Mourkas
- Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew D. Hitchings
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Susan Murray
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK,Present address: Pathogen Genomics Unit, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Pakpoom Tadee
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,Integrative Research Centre for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Phacharaporn Tadee
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Kwanjit Duangsonk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Guillaume Meric
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK,Present address: Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel K. Sheppard
- Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK,Faculty of Allied Medical Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Prapas Patchanee
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,Integrative Research Centre for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,*Correspondence: Prapas Patchanee,
| | - Ben Pascoe
- Integrative Research Centre for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK,Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK,Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK,*Correspondence: Ben Pascoe,
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16
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Kerdsin A, Hatrongjit R, Wongsurawat T, Jenjaroenpun P, Chopjitt P, Boueroy P, Fittipaldi N, Zheng H, Gottschalk M. Genomic Characterization of Streptococcus suis Serotype 24 Clonal Complex 221/234 From Human Patients. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:812436. [PMID: 35003043 PMCID: PMC8733411 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.812436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes invasive infections in humans and pigs. Although S. suis serotype 2 is prevalent among patient and swine infections, other serotypes are occasionally detected in humans. Of these, serotype 24 clonal complex (CC) 221/234 are recognized as emerging clones of human infection. Genomic exploration of three S. suis serotype 24 CC221/234 strains revealed antimicrobial resistance genes, pathotyping, virulence-associated gene (VAG) profiles, minimum core genome (MCG) typing, and comparison of the genomes. Based on these analyzes, all three serotype 24 strains were MCG7-3 and should be classified in the intermediate/weakly virulent (I/WV) group. All selected serotype 24 strains were susceptible to several antibiotics including β-lactam, fluoroquinolone, and chloramphenicol. Resistance to tetracycline, macrolide, and clindamycin was observed and attributed to the genes tet(O) and erm(B). Genomic comparison revealed the strains S12X, LSS66, LS0L, LS0E, 92–4,172, and IMT40201 that had phylogenetic affinity with serotype 24 CC221/234. Analysis of 80 virulence-associated genes (VAG) showed that all three serotype 24 strains lacked 24 genes consisting of adhesin P, epf, hyl, ihk, irr, mrp, nadR, neuB, NisK/R, ofs, permease (SSU0835), rgg, revS, salK/R, sao, sly, spyM3_0908, srtBCD, srtF, srtG, SSU05_0473, virA, virB4, and virD4. Eleven specific sequences were identified in the 3 serotype 24 genomes that differed from the genomes of the representative strains of epidemic (E; SC84), highly virulent (HV; P1/7), I/WV (89–1,591), and avirulent (T15 and 05HAS68).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Department of General Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Thidathip Wongsurawat
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piroon Jenjaroenpun
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peechanika Chopjitt
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Parichart Boueroy
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, QC, Canada
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17
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Bamphensin N, Chopjitt P, Hatrongjit R, Boueroy P, Fittipaldi N, Gottschalk M, Kerdsin A. Non-Penicillin-Susceptible Streptococcus suis Isolated from Humans. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091178. [PMID: 34578210 PMCID: PMC8471365 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a pathogen that causes invasive infections in humans and pigs. In this study, 448 S. suis isolates recovered from human infections in Thailand were characterized with regard to their antimicrobial susceptibility and antimicrobial resistance genes, including, for non-penicillin-susceptible isolates, sequence analyses of five genes encoding penicillin-binding proteins (pbp1a, pbp1b, pbp2a, pbp2b, and pbp2x). All 448 isolates were susceptible to cefepime and ceftriaxone, whereas 99.6%, 91.7%, and 72.9% of the isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin, penicillin, and chloramphenicol, respectively. Almost all isolates were resistant to tetracycline (98.2%), clindamycin (94%), erythromycin (92.4%), and azithromycin (82.6%). Genes tet(O) and ermB were the predominant resistance genes detected among macrolide- and tetracycline-resistant isolates. A total of 37 out of 448 isolates (8.2%) showed intermediately resistance to penicillin. Most of these isolates (59.5%) belonged to serotype 2-ST233. Comparison of the predicted translated sequences of five PBP proteins of a penicillin-susceptible isolate (strain P1/7) to the respective PBP sequences of ten non-penicillin-susceptible isolates revealed multiple amino acid substitutions. Isolates of CC221/234 showed highly variable amino acid substitutions in all PBP proteins. An ST104 isolate had a higher number of amino acid substitutions in PBP2X. Isolates belonging to CC233/379 had numerous substitutions in PBP2B and PBP2X. ST25 isolates exhibited fewer amino acid substitutions than isolates of other STs in all five PBPs. The antimicrobial resistance of S. suis is increasing worldwide; therefore, restrictions on antimicrobial use, continuous control, and the surveillance of this bacterium throughout the pork supply chain are crucial for ensuring public health and must be a priority concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichari Bamphensin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (N.B.); (P.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Peechanika Chopjitt
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (N.B.); (P.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Department of General Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
| | - Parichart Boueroy
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (N.B.); (P.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (N.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (N.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (N.B.); (P.C.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-42-725-025
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18
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Hadjirin NF, Miller EL, Murray GGR, Yen PLK, Phuc HD, Wileman TM, Hernandez-Garcia J, Williamson SM, Parkhill J, Maskell DJ, Zhou R, Fittipaldi N, Gottschalk M, Tucker AW(D, Hoa NT, Welch JJ, Weinert LA. Large-scale genomic analysis of antimicrobial resistance in the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis. BMC Biol 2021; 19:191. [PMID: 34493269 PMCID: PMC8422772 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the gravest threats to human health and food security worldwide. The use of antimicrobials in livestock production can lead to emergence of AMR, which can have direct effects on humans through spread of zoonotic disease. Pigs pose a particular risk as they are a source of zoonotic diseases and receive more antimicrobials than most other livestock. Here we use a large-scale genomic approach to characterise AMR in Streptococcus suis, a commensal found in most pigs, but which can also cause serious disease in both pigs and humans. RESULTS We obtained replicated measures of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for 16 antibiotics, across a panel of 678 isolates, from the major pig-producing regions of the world. For several drugs, there was no natural separation into 'resistant' and 'susceptible', highlighting the need to treat MIC as a quantitative trait. We found differences in MICs between countries, consistent with their patterns of antimicrobial usage. AMR levels were high even for drugs not used to treat S. suis, with many multidrug-resistant isolates. Similar levels of resistance were found in pigs and humans from regions associated with zoonotic transmission. We next used whole genome sequences for each isolate to identify 43 candidate resistance determinants, 22 of which were novel in S. suis. The presence of these determinants explained most of the variation in MIC. But there were also interesting complications, including epistatic interactions, where known resistance alleles had no effect in some genetic backgrounds. Beta-lactam resistance involved many core genome variants of small effect, appearing in a characteristic order. CONCLUSIONS We present a large dataset allowing the analysis of the multiple contributing factors to AMR in S. suis. The high levels of AMR in S. suis that we observe are reflected by antibiotic usage patterns but our results confirm the potential for genomic data to aid in the fight against AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazreen F. Hadjirin
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric L. Miller
- grid.256868.70000 0001 2215 7365Microbial Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Haverford College, Haverford, USA
| | - Gemma G. R. Murray
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Phung L. K. Yen
- grid.412433.30000 0004 0429 6814Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ho D. Phuc
- grid.412433.30000 0004 0429 6814Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thomas M. Wileman
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juan Hernandez-Garcia
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susanna M. Williamson
- grid.13689.350000 0004 0426 1697Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), London, UK
| | - Julian Parkhill
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Duncan J. Maskell
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XChancellery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rui Zhou
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - A. W. ( Dan) Tucker
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ngo Thi Hoa
- grid.412433.30000 0004 0429 6814Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - John J. Welch
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucy A. Weinert
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Dechêne-Tempier M, Marois-Créhan C, Libante V, Jouy E, Leblond-Bourget N, Payot S. Update on the Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance and the Mobile Resistome in the Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081765. [PMID: 34442843 PMCID: PMC8401462 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen causing important economic losses in swine production. The most commonly used antibiotics in swine industry are tetracyclines, beta-lactams, and macrolides. Resistance to these antibiotics has already been observed worldwide (reaching high rates for macrolides and tetracyclines) as well as resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, amphenicols, and glycopeptides. Most of the resistance mechanisms are encoded by antibiotic resistance genes, and a large part are carried by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that can be transferred through horizontal gene transfer. This review provides an update of the resistance genes, their combination in multidrug isolates, and their localization on MGEs in S. suis. It also includes an overview of the contribution of biofilm to antimicrobial resistance in this bacterial species. The identification of resistance genes and study of their localization in S. suis as well as the environmental factors that can modulate their dissemination appear essential in order to decipher the role of this bacterium as a reservoir of antibiotic genes for other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dechêne-Tempier
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, F-22440 Ploufragan, France; (M.D.-T.); (C.M.-C.); (E.J.)
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.L.); (N.L.-B.)
| | - Corinne Marois-Créhan
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, F-22440 Ploufragan, France; (M.D.-T.); (C.M.-C.); (E.J.)
| | - Virginie Libante
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.L.); (N.L.-B.)
| | - Eric Jouy
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, F-22440 Ploufragan, France; (M.D.-T.); (C.M.-C.); (E.J.)
| | | | - Sophie Payot
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.L.); (N.L.-B.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Dong X, Chao Y, Zhou Y, Zhou R, Zhang W, Fischetti VA, Wang X, Feng Y, Li J. The global emergence of a novel Streptococcus suis clade associated with human infections. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13810. [PMID: 34137500 PMCID: PMC8261479 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a ubiquitous bacterial colonizer in pigs, has recently extended host range to humans, leading to a global surge of deadly human infections and three large outbreaks since 1998. To better understand the mechanisms for the emergence of cross-species transmission and virulence in human, we have sequenced 366 S. suis human and pig isolates from 2005 to 2016 and performed a large-scale phylogenomic analysis on 1,634 isolates from 14 countries over 36 years. We show the formation of a novel human-associated clade (HAC) diversified from swine S. suis isolates. Phylogeographic analysis identified Europe as the origin of HAC, coinciding with the exportation of European swine breeds between 1960s and 1970s. HAC is composed of three sub-lineages and contains several healthy-pig isolates that display high virulence in experimental infections, suggesting healthy-pig carriers as a potential source for human infection. New HAC-specific genes are identified as promising markers for pathogen detection and surveillance. Our discovery of a human-associated S. suis clade provides insights into the evolution of this emerging human pathogen and extend our understanding of S. suis epidemics worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative DietologyInterdisciplinary Sciences InstituteCollege of Food Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National R&D Center for Se‐rich Agricultural Products ProcessingHubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se‐rich Agricultural ProductsSchool of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and EngineeringWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yanjie Chao
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health (CMDH)CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and ImmunologyInstitut Pasteur of ShanghaiChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of FisheriesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Vincent A. Fischetti
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and ImmunologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative DietologyInterdisciplinary Sciences InstituteCollege of Food Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ye Feng
- Institute of Translational MedicineSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jinquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative DietologyInterdisciplinary Sciences InstituteCollege of Food Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and ImmunologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
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21
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Yan H, Yu R, Li D, Shi L, Schwarz S, Yao H, Li XS, Du XD. A novel multiresistance gene cluster located on a plasmid-borne transposon in Listeria monocytogenes. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:868-872. [PMID: 31971232 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the genetic context and the transferability of the multiresistance gene lsa(E) in Listeria monocytogenes. METHODS MICs were determined by broth microdilution. Transferability of lsa(E) was investigated by conjugation, electrotransformation and natural transformation. The lsa(E)-carrying plasmid was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq and PacBio RSII platforms. The presence of translocatable units (TUs) was examined by PCR. RESULTS The 85 555 bp non-conjugative multiresistance plasmid pNH1 from L. monocytogenes harboured nine antimicrobial resistance genes including a multiresistance gene cluster, consisting of the genes aphA3, erm(B), aadE, spw, lsa(E) and lnu(B), and in addition the genes dfrG, tet(S) and catA8 were also located on plasmid pNH1 The multiresistance gene cluster, and each of the genes tet(S), catA8 and cadA were flanked by IS1216 elements. PCR identified four types of TUs, consisting of either the multiresistance gene cluster and one copy of IS1216, the catA8 gene and one copy of IS1216, or both, but also the tet(S) gene and one copy of IS1216, respectively. Natural transformation into Streptococcus mutans UA159 yielded transformants that harboured a novel 13 208 bp transposon, designated Tn6659. This transposon consisted of the multiresistance gene cluster bounded by IS1216 copies. All transformants displayed elevated MICs of the respective antimicrobial agents. At the integration site in the transformants, 8 bp direct target duplications (5'-ATTCAAAC-3') were found immediately up- and downstream of Tn6659. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this novel multiresistance gene cluster and the gene catA8, flanked by IS1216 elements located on a plasmid of L. monocytogenes. Moreover, a novel functionally active multiresistance transposon was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Runhao Yu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Dexi Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hong Yao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Sheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Dang Du
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
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22
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Chen L, Huang J, Huang X, He Y, Sun J, Dai X, Wang X, Shafiq M, Wang L. Horizontal Transfer of Different erm(B)-Carrying Mobile Elements Among Streptococcus suis Strains With Different Serotypes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:628740. [PMID: 33841355 PMCID: PMC8032901 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.628740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrolide-resistant Streptococcus suis is highly prevalent worldwide. The acquisition of the erm(B) gene mediated by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in particular integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) is recognized as the main reason for the rapid spread of macrolide-resistant streptococcal strains. However, knowledge about different erm(B)-carrying elements responsible for the widespread of macrolide resistance and their transferability in S. suis remains poorly understood. In the present study, two erm(B)- and tet(O)-harboring putative ICEs, designated as ICESsuYSB17_rplL and ICESsuYSJ15_rplL, and a novel erm(B)- and aadE-spw-like-carrying genomic island (GI), named GISsuJHJ17_rpsI, were identified to be excised from the chromosome and transferred among S. suis strains with different serotypes. ICESsuYSB17_rplL and ICESsuYSJ15_rplL were integrated downstream the rplL gene, a conserve locus of the ICESa2603 family. GISsuJHJ17_rpsI, with no genes belonging to the conjugation module, was integrated into the site of rpsI. All transconjugants did not exhibit obvious fitness cost by growth curve and competition assays when compared with the recipient. The results demonstrate that different erm(B)-carrying elements were presented and highlight the role of these elements in the dissemination of macrolide resistance in S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhu Huang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Technical Center for Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine of Shanghai Customs, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuping He
- Technical Center for Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine of Shanghai Customs, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Sun
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyang Dai
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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23
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Zhu Y, Ma J, Zhang Y, Zhong X, Bai Q, Dong W, Pan Z, Liu G, Zhang C, Yao H. CrfP, a fratricide protein, contributes to natural transformation in Streptococcus suis. Vet Res 2021; 52:50. [PMID: 33762005 PMCID: PMC7992943 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00917-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes septicaemia, meningitis and streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome in its host, and recent studies have shown that S. suis could be competent for natural genetic transformation. Transformation is an important mechanism for the horizontal transfer of DNA, but some elements that affect the transformation process need to be further explored. Upon entering the competent state, Streptococcus species stimulate the transcription of competence-related genes that are responsible for exogenous DNA binding, uptake and processing. In this study, we performed conserved promoter motif and qRT-PCR analyses and identified CrfP as a novel murein hydrolase that is widespread in S. suis and stimulated with a peptide pheromone in the competent state through a process controlled by ComX. A bioinformatics analysis revealed that CrfP consists of a CHAP hydrolase domain and two bacterial Src homology 3-binding (SH3b) domains. Further characterization showed that CrfP could be exported to extracellular bacterial cells and lytic S. suis strains of different serotypes, and this finding was verified by TEM and a turbidity assay. To investigate the potential effect of CrfP in vivo, a gene-deletion mutant (ΔcrfP) was constructed. Instead of stopping the natural transformation process, the inactivation of CrfP clearly reduced the effective transformation rate. Overall, these findings provide evidence showing that CrfP is important for S. suis serovar 2 competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchu Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiale Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qiankun Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenyang Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zihao Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guangjin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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24
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Wang G, Gao Y, Xu X, Zhang P, Wang J, Li G, Lv Q, Niu X, Liu H. Mode of action and structural modelling of the interaction of formononetin with suilysin. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2010-2018. [PMID: 33639036 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Suilysin is a critical pore-forming virulence factor of Streptococcus suis that has been demonstrated to substantially contribute to its pathogenicity. We have demonstrated that formononetin alleviates S. suis infection both in vivo and in vitro by targeting suilysin. However, the molecular mechanism of the effect is unclear. Our aim was to determine the molecular mechanism of the effect of formononetin on suilysin. METHODS AND RESULTS The mechanism of interaction between formononetin and suilysin was investigated by molecular modelling. The results indicated that formononetin was bound at the junction of domain two and domain four of suilysin. The binding free energy values indicated that the A415, Y412, E414, N413, T61, T62 and G416 residues are critical for this binding, this observation was confirmed by the changes in the flexibility of these residues and the distances between these residues and formononetin. The inhibitory effect of formononetin on the pore-forming activity of suilysin, binding constant and binding free energy were significantly decreased by site-specific mutagenesis of Y412 and N413. Finally, we analysed the spatial configuration of suilysin before and after formononetin binding, the results indicated that the binding changed the conformation of suilysin, especially the angle between domain two and domain four, resulting in the disruption of cholesterol binding to suilysin and in the loss of pore-forming activity. CONCLUSIONS Formononetin is located at the junction of domain two and domain four of suilysin, and Y412 and N413 play critical roles in the binding. Formononetin binding changes the angle between domain two and domain four of suilysin, resulting in the loss of the pore-inducing activity of suilysin. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work will promote the application of formononetin to combat S. suis infections and may contribute to the development of new inhibitors or modification of existing inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.,College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Y Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - P Zhang
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - G Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Q Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
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25
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Ágoston Z, Terhes G, Hannauer P, Gajdács M, Urbán E. Fatal case of bacteremia caused by Streptococcus suis in a splenectomized man and a review of the European literature. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2020; 67:148-155. [PMID: 32223305 DOI: 10.1556/030.2020.01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic human pathogen, which is a causative agent of invasive infections in people who are in close contact with infected pigs or contaminated pork products. It is associated with severe systemic infections, most commonly meningitis and sepsis, which may lead to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Serotype 2 is the most prevalent type in S. suis infections in humans. We have reported a case of a very rapidly proceeding fatal human S. suis infection in a splenectomized, but otherwise immunocompetent patient in Hungary. We would like to highlight the attention for this pathogen for the risk group patients, not only pig breeders, veterinarians, abattoir workers, meat processing and transport workers, butchers and cooks, that those persons who are immunocompromised including those with spleen removed, persons with diabetes mellitus, cancer and alcoholism, are also at greater risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Ágoston
- 1Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Terhes
- 2Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Hannauer
- 1Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márió Gajdács
- 3Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720, Eötvös utca 6, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Urbán
- 4Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720, Dóm tér 10, Szeged, Hungary
- 5Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, 7624, Szigeti utca 12, Pécs, Hungary
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26
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Wang G, Liu H, Liu Y, Li H, Li Z, Shao G, Lv X. Formononetin alleviates Streptococcus suis infection by targeting suilysin. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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27
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Antibiotic resistance related to biofilm formation in Streptococcus suis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8649-8660. [PMID: 32897417 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important zoonotic agent, which seriously impacts the pig industry and human health in various countries. Biofilm formation is likely contributing to the virulence and drug resistance in S. suis. A better knowledge of biofilm formation as well as to biofilm-dependent drug resistance mechanisms in S. suis can be of great significance for the prevention and treatment of S. suis infections. This literature review updates the latest scientific data related to biofilm formation in S. suis and its impact on drug tolerance and resistance.Key points• Biofilm formation is the important reasons for drug resistance of SS infections.• The review includes the regulatory mechanism of SS biofilm formation.• The review includes the drug resistance mechanisms of SS biofilm.
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28
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Gajdács M, Németh A, Knausz M, Barrak I, Stájer A, Mestyán G, Melegh S, Nyul A, Tóth Á, Ágoston Z, Urbán E. Streptococcus suis: An Underestimated Emerging Pathogen in Hungary? Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091292. [PMID: 32847011 PMCID: PMC7570012 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen, demonstrated as an etiological agent in human infections in increasing frequency, including diseases like purulent meningitis, sepsis, uveitis-endophtalmitis and arthritis. Due to the increased availability and utility of novel diagnostic technologies in clinical microbiology, more studies have been published on the epidemiology of S. suis, both in veterinary and human medicine; however, there are no comprehensive data available regarding human S. suis infections from East-Central European countries. As a part of our study, data were collected from the National Bacteriological Surveillance (NBS) system on patients who had at least one positive microbiological result for S. suis, corresponding to an 18-year study period (2002-2019). n = 74 S. suis strains were isolated from invasive human infections, corresponding to 34 patients. The number of affected patients was 1.89 ± 1.53/year (range: 0-5). Most isolates originated from blood culture (63.5%) and cerebrospinal fluid (18.9%) samples. Additionally, we present detailed documentation of three instructive cases from three regions of the country and with three distinctly different outcomes. Hungary has traditional agriculture, the significant portion of which includes the production and consumption of pork meat, with characteristic preparation and consumption customs and unfavorable epidemiological characteristics (alcohol consumption, prevalence of malignant diseases or diabetes), which have all been described as important predisposing factors for the development of serious infections. Clinicians and microbiologist need to be vigilant even in nonendemic areas, especially if the patients have a history of occupational hazards or having close contact with infected pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márió Gajdács
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +36-62-341-330
| | - Anita Németh
- Microbiology Laboratory, Petz Aladár County Teaching Hospital, Vasvári Pál utca 2–4., 9023 Győr, Hungary; (A.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Márta Knausz
- Microbiology Laboratory, Petz Aladár County Teaching Hospital, Vasvári Pál utca 2–4., 9023 Győr, Hungary; (A.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Ibrahim Barrak
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tiszta Lajos körút 62–64., 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Anette Stájer
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tiszta Lajos körút 62–64, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Gyula Mestyán
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (G.M.); (S.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Szilvia Melegh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (G.M.); (S.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Adrienn Nyul
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (G.M.); (S.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Ákos Tóth
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Parasitology, National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2–6., 1097 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zsuzsanna Ágoston
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis utca 6., 6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Edit Urbán
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
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Bojarska A, Janas K, Pejsak Z, Otulak-Kozieł K, Garbaczewska G, Hryniewicz W, Sadowy E. Diversity of serotypes and new cps loci variants among Streptococcus suis isolates from pigs in Poland and Belarus. Vet Microbiol 2019; 240:108534. [PMID: 31902504 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis plays an important role in infections in pigs but information about the epidemiology of this pathogen in Poland and Belarus remains scarce. Ninety-six isolates from brain and lungs were studied by PCR-based serotyping, analysis of virulence-associated determinants and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Selected six isolates were further analyzed by genomic sequencing and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Serotype 2 was most prevalent, followed by serotypes 3, 4, 8 and 7. All isolates carried fbpS; 30, 74 and 79 isolates were positive for epf, mrp and sao, respectively. MLST revealed that while widely distributed clonal complexes, such as 1, 16, 25 and 28 circulate in both countries, a significant part of the population is composed of novel singletons. Six isolates, all positive for the capsule in TEM, harbored cps loci differing to a various degree from these previously described, including one with a novel cps locus (putative NCL21). In conclusion, our study provides first molecular data on S. suis from pigs in the Central/Eastern Europe and contributes to a better characterization of diversity of loci responsible for capsule production in this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bojarska
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Janas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Pejsak
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Otulak-Kozieł
- Institute of Biology, Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-766, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Garbaczewska
- Institute of Biology, Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-766, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Waleria Hryniewicz
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sadowy
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland.
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30
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Liu F, Li J, Yan K, Li H, Sun C, Zhang S, Yuan F, Wang X, Tan C, Chen H, Bei W. Binding of Fibronectin to SsPepO Facilitates the Development of Streptococcus suis Meningitis. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:973-982. [PMID: 29253192 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SsPepO is an important virulence in Streptococcus suis. Methods In this study, we showed that SsPepO contributes to the human fibronectin-mediated adherence ability of S. suis to human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Results The addition of an antifibronectin antibody or an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide that blocks fibronectin binding to integrins significantly reduced adherence of the wild-type but not the SspepO mutant strain, indicating the importance of the SsPepO-fibronectin-integrin interaction for S. suis cellular adherence. Conclusions By analyzing Evans blue extravasation in vivo, we showed that the interaction between SsPepO and human fibronectin significantly increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, the SspepO mutant caused lower bacterial loads in the brain than wild-type S. suis in models of meningitis. These data demonstrate that SsPepO is a fibronectin-binding protein, which plays a contributing role in the development of S. suis meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengfeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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31
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Wang Y, Liu B, Li J, Gong S, Dong X, Mao C, Yi L. LuxS/AI-2 system is involved in fluoroquinolones susceptibility in Streptococcus suis through overexpression of efflux pump SatAB. Vet Microbiol 2019; 233:154-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Traglia G, Chiem K, Quinn B, Fernandez JS, Montaña S, Almuzara M, Mussi MA, Tolmasky ME, Iriarte A, Centrón D, Ramírez MS. Genome sequence analysis of an extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii indigo-pigmented strain depicts evidence of increase genome plasticity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16961. [PMID: 30446709 PMCID: PMC6240043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug resistant nosocomial pathogen that shows an outstanding ability to undergo genetic exchange, thereby acquiring different traits that contribute to its success. In this work, we identified genetic features of an indigo-pigmented A. baumannii strain (Ab33405) that belongs to the clonal complex CC113B/CC79P. Ab33405 possesses a high number of genes coding for antibiotic resistance and virulence factors that may contribute to its survival, not only in the human host, but also in the hospital environment. Thirteen genes conferring resistance to different antibiotic families (trimethoprim, florfenicol, β-lactams, aminoglycosides and sulfonamide) as well as the adeIJK genes and the capsule locus (KL) and outer core locus (OCL) were identified. Ab33405 includes 250 unique genes and a significant number of elements associated with Horizontal Gene Transfer, such as insertion sequences and transposons, genomic islands and prophage sequences. Also, the indigo-pigmented uncommon phenotype that could be associated with the monooxygenase or dioxygenase enzyme coded for by the iacA gene within the iac cluster was probably conferred by insertion of a 18-kb DNA fragment into the iacG gene belonging to this cluster. The Ab33405 genome includes all type VI secretion system genes and killing assays showed the ability of Ab33045 to kill Escherichia coli. In addition, Ab33405 can modulate susceptibility antibiotics when exposed to blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Traglia
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kevin Chiem
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Brettni Quinn
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Fernandez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Sabrina Montaña
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Almuzara
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Hospital Interzonal de Agudos Eva Perón, San Martín Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra Mussi
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI- CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marcelo E Tolmasky
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Andres Iriarte
- Laboratorio de Biología Computacional, Dpto. de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniela Centrón
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Ramírez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA.
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33
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Yu Y, Fang JT, Zheng M, Zhang Q, Walsh TR, Liao XP, Sun J, Liu YH. Combination Therapy Strategies Against Multiple-Resistant Streptococcus Suis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:489. [PMID: 29867493 PMCID: PMC5962770 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a major swine pathogen, an emerging zoonotic agent responsible for meningitis, endocarditis and septicaemia followed by deafness in humans. The development of antimicrobial resistance in S. suis increases the risk for therapeutic failure in both animals and humans. In this study, we report the synergism of combination therapy against multi-resistant S. suis isolates from swine. Twelve antibiotic profiles were determined against 11 S. suis strains. To investigate their synergistic/antagonistic activity, checkerboard assay was performed for all the possible combinations. In-vitro killing curves and in-vivo treatment trials were used to confirm the synergistic activity of special combinations against S. suis dominant clones. In this study, 11 S. suis isolates were highly resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline with ratios of 80–100%, and the resistance percentages to enrofloxacin, florfenicol, and spectinomycin were ~50%. The checkerboard data identified two combination regimens, ampicillin plus apramycin and tiamulin plus spectinomycin which gave the greatest level of synergism against the S. suis strains. In-vitro kill-curves showed a bacterial reduction of over 3-logCFU with the use of combination treatments, whilst the application of mono-therapies achieve less than a 2-logCFU cell killing. In-vivo models confirm that administration of these two combinations significantly reduced the number of bacterial cells after 24 h of treatment. In conclusions, the combinations of ampicillin plus apramycin and tiamulin plus spectinomycin showed the greatest synergism and may be potential strategies for treatment of multi-resistant S. suis in animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical, Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Infection & Immunity, Heath Park Hospital, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jin-Tao Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Timothy R Walsh
- Department of Medical, Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Infection & Immunity, Heath Park Hospital, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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34
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Vötsch D, Willenborg M, Weldearegay YB, Valentin-Weigand P. Streptococcus suis - The "Two Faces" of a Pathobiont in the Porcine Respiratory Tract. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:480. [PMID: 29599763 PMCID: PMC5862822 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus (S.) suis is a frequent early colonizer of the upper respiratory tract of pigs. In fact, it is difficult to find S. suis-free animals under natural conditions, showing the successful adaptation of this pathogen to its porcine reservoir host. On the other hand, S. suis can cause life-threatening diseases and represents the most important bacterial cause of meningitis in pigs worldwide. Notably, S. suis can also cause zoonotic infections, such as meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, and other diseases in humans. In Asia, it is classified as an emerging zoonotic pathogen and currently considered as one of the most important causes of bacterial meningitis in adults. The “two faces” of S. suis, one of a colonizing microbe and the other of a highly invasive pathogen, have raised many questions concerning the interpretation of diagnostic detection and the definition of virulence. Thus, one major research challenge is the identification of virulence-markers which allow differentiation of commensal and virulent strains. This is complicated by the high phenotypic and genotypic diversity of S. suis, as reflected by the occurrence of (at least) 33 capsular serotypes. In this review, we present current knowledge in the context of S. suis as a highly diverse pathobiont in the porcine respiratory tract that can exploit disrupted host homeostasis to flourish and promote inflammatory processes and invasive diseases in pigs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Vötsch
- Institute for Microbiology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren Willenborg
- Institute for Microbiology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yenehiwot B Weldearegay
- Institute for Microbiology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Valentin-Weigand
- Institute for Microbiology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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35
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Ma F, Yi L, Yu N, Wang G, Ma Z, Lin H, Fan H. Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Biofilms Inhibit the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:86. [PMID: 28373968 PMCID: PMC5357632 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive infections caused by Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) has emerged as a clinical problem in recent years. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are an important mechanism for the trapping and killing of pathogens that are resistant to phagocytosis. Biofilm formation can protect bacteria from being killed by phagocytes. Until now, there have only been a few studies that focused on the interactions between bacterial biofilms and NETs. SS2 in both a biofilm state and a planktonic cell state were incubated with phagocytes and NETs, and bacterial survival was assessed. DNase I and cytochalasin B were used to degrade NET DNA or suppress phagocytosis, respectively. Extracellular DNA was stained with impermeable fluorescent dye to quantify NET formation. Biofilm formation increased up to 6-fold in the presence of neutrophils, and biofilms were identified in murine tissue. Both planktonic and biofilm cells induced neutrophils chemotaxis to the infection site, with neutrophils increasing by 85.1 and 73.8%, respectively. The bacteria in biofilms were not phagocytized. The bactericidal efficacy of NETs on the biofilms and planktonic cells were equal; however, the biofilm extracellular matrix can inhibit NET release. Although biofilms inhibit NETs release, NETs appear to be an important mechanism to eliminate SS2 biofilms. This knowledge advances the understanding of biofilms and may aid in the development of treatments for persistent infections with a biofilm component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Li Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China; College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal UniversityLuoyang, China
| | - Ningwei Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agriculture University Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Huixing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou, China
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36
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Nakaranurack C, Puttilerpong C, Suwanpimolkul G. A Decennium of Etiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Patients with Infective Endocarditis at a University Hospital, Thailand. Jpn J Infect Dis 2016; 70:295-300. [PMID: 27795476 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Infective endocarditis is an infection with a high mortality rate. Antimicrobial therapy is important for treatment, but data on antimicrobial susceptibilities are limited. This retrospective study analyzed data on the causative microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in patients with infective endocarditis 18 years of age or older who received inpatient care between 2006 and 2015 at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. A total of 213 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Streptococcus spp. (54.5%) was the most common organism. Viridans streptococcus (46%) was the leading pathogen, followed by Group B streptococcus (27%). The majority of Streptococcus spp. were susceptible to penicillin (82.7%). Among Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus suis had the highest MIC90 of penicillin and cefotaxime (1.65 and 0.95 μg/ml, respectively). There was a statistically significant increase in the MICs of penicillin and cefotaxime for Streptococcus suis (P = 0.03 and 0.04). Only 45.5% of Streptococcus suis and 77.5% of Viridans streptococcus were susceptible to penicillin. All Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were susceptible to vancomycin. In conclusion, the prevalence of Group B streptococcus isolates increased among patients with infective endocarditis in Thailand. Streptococcus suis had the highest MIC90 and proportion of isolates not susceptible to penicillin. Rigorous restriction of the use of antimicrobial agents in animal feeds should be a primary concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chotirat Nakaranurack
- College of Pharmacotherapy of Thailand.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Chankit Puttilerpong
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Gompol Suwanpimolkul
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society Bangkok
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37
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Callejo R, Zheng H, Du P, Prieto M, Xu J, Zielinski G, Auger JP, Gottschalk M. Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strains isolated in Argentina (South America) are different from those recovered in North America and present a higher risk for humans. JMM Case Rep 2016; 3:e005066. [PMID: 28348788 PMCID: PMC5343146 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important swine pathogen and emerging zoonotic agent causing meningitis and septicemia/septic shock. Strains are usually virulent (Eurasia) or of intermediate/low virulence (North America). Very few data regarding human and swine isolates from South America are available. Case presentation: Seventeen new human S. suis cases in Argentina (16 serotype 2 strains and a serotype 5 strain) are reported. Alongside, 14 isolates from pigs are analyzed: 12 from systemic disease, one from lungs and one from tonsils of a healthy animal. All human serotype 2 strains and most swine isolates are sequence type (ST) 1, as determined by multilocus sequence typing and present a mrp+/epf+/sly+ genotype typical of virulent Eurasian ST1 strains. The remaining two strains (recovered from swine lungs and tonsils) are ST28 and possess a mrp+/epf−/sly− genotype typical of low virulence North American strains. Representative human ST1 strains as well as one swine ST28 strain were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing and compared with genomes from GenBank. ST1 strains clustered together with three strains from Vietnam and this cluster is close to another one composed of 11 strains from the United Kingdom. Conclusion: Close contact with pigs/pork products, a good surveillance system, and the presence of potentially virulent Eurasian-like serotype 2 strains in Argentina may be an important factor contributing to the higher number of human cases observed. In fact, Argentina is now fifth among Western countries regarding the number of reported human cases after the Netherlands, France, the UK and Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Callejo
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Han Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control, Changping, Beijing, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - Monica Prieto
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control, Changping, Beijing, PR China
| | - Gustavo Zielinski
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), Marcos Juárez, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jean-Philippe Auger
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Center, (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Center, (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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38
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Yang YB, Chen JQ, Zhao YL, Bai JW, Ding WY, Zhou YH, Chen XY, Liu D, Li YH. Sub-MICs of Azithromycin Decrease Biofilm Formation of Streptococcus suis and Increase Capsular Polysaccharide Content of S. suis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1659. [PMID: 27812354 PMCID: PMC5072222 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) caused serious disease symptoms in humans and pigs. S. suis is able to form thick biofilms and this increases the difficulty of treatment. After growth with 1/2 minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of azithromycin, 1/4 MIC of azithromycin, or 1/8 MIC of azithromycin, biofilm formation of S. suis dose-dependently decreased in the present study. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the obvious effect of azithromycin against biofilm formation of S. suis. Especially, at two different conditions (1/2 MIC of azithromycin non-treated cells and treated cells), we carried out comparative proteomic analyses of cells by using iTRAQ technology. Finally, the results revealed the existence of 19 proteins of varying amounts. Interestingly, several cell surface proteins (such as ATP-binding cassette superfamily ATP-binding cassette transporter (G7SD52), CpsR (K0FG35), Cps1/2H (G8DTL7), CPS16F (E9NQ13), putative uncharacterized protein (G7SER0), NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G5L259), putative uncharacterized protein (G7S2D6), amino acid permease (B0M0G6), and NsuB (G5L351)) were found to be implicated in biofilm formation. More importantly, we also found that azithromycin affected expression of the genes cps1/2H, cpsR and cps16F. Especially, after growth with 1/2 MIC of azithromycin and 1/4 MIC of azithromycin, the capsular polysaccharide content of S. suis was significantly higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Jian-Qing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Jing-Wen Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Ya Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Hui Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Ying Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Di Liu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
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Taniyama D, Sakurai M, Sakai T, Kikuchi T, Takahashi T. Human case of bacteremia due to Streptococcus suis serotype 5 in Japan: The first report and literature review. IDCases 2016; 6:36-8. [PMID: 27689023 PMCID: PMC5040640 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that can be transferred from pigs to humans. The serotypes 2 and 14 are prevalent among patients with S. suis infections, while other serotypes (i.e., 1, 4, 5, 16, and 24) have been detected in rare human cases. To the best of our knowledge, the present patient handling with raw pork is the first human case of uncomplicated bacteremia due to S. suis serotype 5 in Japan. We confirmed the new sequence type 752 of this isolate. Virulence-associated gene profiling was performed; both sly (encoding the hemolysin suilysin) and mrp (encoding a muramidase-released protein) were detected without amplification of epf (encoding the extracellular factor). Our polymerase chain reaction-based results indicated that this isolate possessed both tet(O), the tetracycline-resistance determinant, and erm(B), the macrolide/lincosamide-resistance determinant. In addition, we provide the review of literature concerning clinical and microbiological features of four human cases of infection due to S. suis serotype 5. Clinicians should be aware of this microorganism when examining and treating patients with fever, who are handling raw pork or having close contact with infected pigs even if they are immunocompetent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Taniyama
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayu Sakurai
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sakai
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Kikuchi
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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