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Liu M, Wang Y, Du B. Update on the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and asthma in terms of microbiota and immunity. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 20:4. [PMID: 38221621 PMCID: PMC10788013 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-024-00870-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
H. pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that is usually acquired in childhood and can persistently colonize the gastric mucosa of humans, affecting approximately half of the world's population. In recent years, the prevalence of H. pylori infection has steadily reduced while the risk of allergic diseases has steadily climbed. As a result, epidemiological research indicates a strong negative association between the two. Moreover, numerous experimental studies have demonstrated that eradicating H. pylori increases the risk of allergic diseases. Hence, it is hypothesized that H. pylori infection may act as a safeguard against allergic diseases. The hygiene hypothesis, alterations in gut microbiota, the development of tolerogenic dendritic cells, and helper T cells could all be involved in H. pylori's ability to protect against asthma. Furthermore, Studies on mice models have indicated that H. pylori and its extracts are crucial in the management of asthma. We reviewed the in-depth studies on the most recent developments in the relationship between H. pylori infection and allergic diseases, and we discussed potential mechanisms of the infection's protective effect on asthma in terms of microbiota and immunity. We also investigated the prospect of the application of H. pylori and its related components in asthma, so as to provide a new perspective for the prevention or treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Du
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Reuter S, Raspe J, Taube C. Microbes little helpers and suppliers for therapeutic asthma approaches. Respir Res 2024; 25:29. [PMID: 38218816 PMCID: PMC10787474 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a prevalent and increasingly chronic inflammatory lung disease affecting over 300 million people globally. Initially considered an allergic disorder driven by mast cells and eosinophils, asthma is now recognized as a complex syndrome with various clinical phenotypes and immunological endotypes. These encompass type 2 inflammatory endotypes characterized by interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 dominance, alongside others featuring mixed or non-eosinophilic inflammation. Therapeutic success varies significantly based on asthma phenotypes, with inhaled corticosteroids and beta-2 agonists effective for milder forms, but limited in severe cases. Novel antibody-based therapies have shown promise, primarily for severe allergic and type 2-high asthma. To address this gap, novel treatment strategies are essential for better control of asthma pathology, prevention, and exacerbation reduction. One promising approach involves stimulating endogenous anti-inflammatory responses through regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs play a vital role in maintaining immune homeostasis, preventing autoimmunity, and mitigating excessive inflammation after pathogenic encounters. Tregs have demonstrated their ability to control both type 2-high and type 2-low inflammation in murine models and dampen human cell-dependent allergic airway inflammation. Furthermore, microbes, typically associated with disease development, have shown immune-dampening properties that could be harnessed for therapeutic benefits. Both commensal microbiota and pathogenic microbes have demonstrated potential in bacterial-host interactions for therapeutic purposes. This review explores microbe-associated approaches as potential treatments for inflammatory diseases, shedding light on current and future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Reuter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Tüschener Weg 40, 45239, Essen, Germany.
| | - Jonas Raspe
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Tüschener Weg 40, 45239, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Tüschener Weg 40, 45239, Essen, Germany
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Enjeti A, Sathkumara HD, Kupz A. Impact of the gut-lung axis on tuberculosis susceptibility and progression. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1209932. [PMID: 37485512 PMCID: PMC10358729 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1209932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has remained at the forefront of the global infectious disease burden for centuries. Concerted global efforts to eliminate TB have been hindered by the complexity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the emergence of antibiotic resistant Mtb strains and the recent impact of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19). Examination of the immunomodulatory role of gastrointestinal microbiota presents a new direction for TB research. The gut microbiome is well-established as a critical modulator of early immune development and inflammatory responses in humans. Recent studies in animal models have further substantiated the existence of the 'gut-lung axis', where distal gastrointestinal commensals modulate lung immune function. This gut microbiome-lung immune crosstalk is postulated to have an important correlation with the pathophysiology of TB. Further evaluation of this gut immunomodulation in TB may provide a novel avenue for the exploration of therapeutic targets. This mini-review assesses the proposed mechanisms by which the gut-lung axis impacts TB susceptibility and progression. It also examines the impact of current anti-TB therapy on the gut microbiome and the effects of gut dysbiosis on treatment outcomes. Finally, it investigates new therapeutic targets, particularly the use of probiotics in treatment of antibiotic resistant TB and informs future developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Enjeti
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Harindra Darshana Sathkumara
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
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Li P, Jin J, Chen Y, Ma J, Du Q, Han Y. Susceptibility-guided vs. empirical 10-day quadruple treatment for Helicobacter pylori-infected patients: A prospective clinical trial of first-line therapy. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:973975. [PMID: 36160235 PMCID: PMC9490362 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.973975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has resulted in a fall in cure rates. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of first-line susceptibility-guided therapy and furazolidone-based quadruple therapy for H. pylori-infected patients. Methods Subjects with H. pylori-infection were randomly assigned to either 10-day susceptibility-guided treatment or empiric treatment in a 2:1 ratio. Susceptibility-guided therapy was based on susceptibility to clarithromycin, and patients with susceptible strains received clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily and otherwise minocycline 100 mg twice a day was administered. Patients in the empiric therapy group was treated with furazolidone 100 mg twice a day. During treatment, all patients were given esomeprazole 20 mg twice daily, colloidal bismuth pectin 200 mg twice daily, and amoxicillin 1 g twice daily. Results A total of 248 patients were screened and 201 were finally included. Empiric and susceptibility-guided regimens were both successful with per-protocol eradication rates of 90.5% (57/63) vs. 88.5% (108/122) (p = 0.685) and intent-to-treat eradication rates of 85.1% (57/67) vs. 80.6% (108/134) (p = 0.435). No significant difference in eradication rates were observed among the furazolidone group, clarithromycin group and minocycline group. Conclusion Both susceptibility-guided therapy and quadruple therapy containing furazolidone can achieve good eradication rates. For population with a high rate of resistance, quadruple therapy containing furazolidone and bismuth may be a more practical choice for first-line treatment.
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He J, Liu Y, Ouyang Q, Li R, Li J, Chen W, Hu W, He L, Bao Q, Li P, Hu C. Helicobacter pylori and unignorable extragastric diseases: Mechanism and implications. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:972777. [PMID: 35992650 PMCID: PMC9386483 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.972777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Considered as the most popular pathogen worldwide, Helicobacter pylori is intensively associated with diverse gastric diseases, including gastric ulcers, chronic progressive gastritis, and gastric cancer. Aside from its pathogenic effect on gastric diseases, growing evidences reveal that H. pylori may be related to numerous extragastric diseases. In this article, we reviewed recent studies and systematically elucidated that H. pylori may interfere with many biological processes outside the stomach and influence the occurrence of various extragastric diseases. Many epidemiological studies have indicated that H. pylori plays a pathogenic role in COVID-19, atherosclerosis, hyperemesis gravidarum and several other extragastric diseases, while the effect of H. pylori is currently under investigation in gastroesophageal reflux disease, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, we also summarized the possible pathogenic mechanisms of H. pylori that may be related to chronic systemic inflammation and molecular mimicker. Taken together, this review provides a new perspective on the role of H. pylori in extragastric diseases and explores the possible mechanisms, which may help guide clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunyi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongxing Li
- Department of Foreign Languages, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiyan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weichao Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijiao He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiyu Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Li,
| | - Changjiang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Changjiang Hu,
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Pop R, Tăbăran AF, Ungur AP, Negoescu A, Cătoi C. Helicobacter Pylori-Induced Gastric Infections: From Pathogenesis to Novel Therapeutic Approaches Using Silver Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071463. [PMID: 35890358 PMCID: PMC9318142 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the first formally recognized bacterial carcinogen and the most important single digestive pathogen responsible for the induction of gastroduodenal diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer, and, finally, gastric neoplasia. The recently reported high rates of antimicrobial drug resistance hamper the current therapies of H. pylori, with therapeutic failure reaching up to 40% of patients. In this context, new treatment options and strategies are urgently needed, but the successful development of these new therapeutic tools is conditioned by the understanding of the high adaptability of H. pylori to the gastric acidic environment and the complex pathogenic mechanism. Due to several advantages, including good antibacterial efficiency, possible targeted delivery, and long tissular persistence, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) offer the opportunity of exploring new strategies to improve the H. pylori therapy. A new paradigm in the therapy of H. pylori gastric infections using AgNPs has the potential to overcome the current medical limitations imposed by the H. pylori drug resistance, which is reported for most of the current organic antibiotics employed in the classical therapies. This manuscript provides an extensive overview of the pathology of H. pylori-induced gastritis, gastric cancer, and extradigestive diseases and highlights the possible benefits and limitations of employing AgNPs in the therapeutic strategies against H. pylori infections.
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Yin MM, Liu JX, Gao YL, Kong XZ, Zheng CH. NCPLP: A Novel Approach for Predicting Microbe-Associated Diseases With Network Consistency Projection and Label Propagation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CYBERNETICS 2022; 52:5079-5087. [PMID: 33119529 DOI: 10.1109/tcyb.2020.3026652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of clinical studies have provided substantial evidence of a close relationship between the microbe and the disease. Thus, it is necessary to infer potential microbe-disease associations. But traditional approaches use experiments to validate these associations that often spend a lot of materials and time. Hence, more reliable computational methods are expected to be applied to predict disease-associated microbes. In this article, an innovative mean for predicting microbe-disease associations is proposed, which is based on network consistency projection and label propagation (NCPLP). Given that most existing algorithms use the Gaussian interaction profile (GIP) kernel similarity as the similarity criterion between microbe pairs and disease pairs, in this model, Medical Subject Headings descriptors are considered to calculate disease semantic similarity. In addition, 16S rRNA gene sequences are borrowed for the calculation of microbe functional similarity. In view of the gene-based sequence information, we use two conventional methods (BLAST+ and MEGA7) to assess the similarity between each pair of microbes from different perspectives. Especially, network consistency projection is added to obtain network projection scores from the microbe space and the disease space. Ultimately, label propagation is utilized to reliably predict microbes related to diseases. NCPLP achieves better performance in various evaluation indicators and discovers a greater number of potential associations between microbes and diseases. Also, case studies further confirm the reliable prediction performance of NCPLP. To conclude, our algorithm NCPLP has the ability to discover these underlying microbe-disease associations and can provide help for biological study.
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Zuo ZT, Ma Y, Sun Y, Bai CQ, Ling CH, Yuan FL. The Protective Effects of Helicobacter pylori Infection on Allergic Asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 182:53-64. [PMID: 33080611 DOI: 10.1159/000508330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an ancient Gram-negative bacterium, Helicobacter pylori has settled in human stomach. Eradicating H. pylori increases the morbidities of asthma and other allergic diseases. Therefore, H. pylori might play a protective role against asthma. The "disappearing microbiota" hypothesis suggests that the absence of certain types of the ancestral microbiota could change the development of immunology, metabolism, and cognitive ability in our early life, contributing to the development of some diseases. And the Hygiene Hypothesis links early environmental and microbial exposure to the prevalence of atopic allergies and asthma. Exposure to the environment and microbes can influence the growing immune system and protect subsequent immune-mediated diseases. H. pylori can inhibit allergic asthma by regulating the ratio of helper T cells 1/2 (Th1/Th2), Th17/regulatory T cells (Tregs), etc. H. pylori can also target dendritic cells to promote immune tolerance and enhance the protective effect on allergic asthma, and this effect relies on highly suppressed Tregs. The remote regulation of lung immune function by H. pylori is consistent with the gut-lung axis theory. Perhaps, H. pylori also protects against asthma by altering levels of stomach hormones, affecting the autonomic nervous system and lowering the expression of heat shock protein 70. Therapeutic products from H. pylori may be used to prevent and treat asthma. This paper reviews the possible protective influence of H. pylori on allergic asthma and the possible application of H. pylori in treating asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Tong Zuo
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China,
| | - Ya Ma
- Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cui Qing Bai
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chun Hua Ling
- Department of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Lai Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Fisher L, Fisher A, Smith PN. Helicobacter pylori Related Diseases and Osteoporotic Fractures (Narrative Review). J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3253. [PMID: 33053671 PMCID: PMC7600664 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) and osteoporotic fractures (OFs) are common multifactorial and heterogenic disorders of increasing incidence. Helicobacter pylori (H.p.) colonizes the stomach approximately in half of the world's population, causes gastroduodenal diseases and is prevalent in numerous extra-digestive diseases known to be associated with OP/OF. The studies regarding relationship between H.p. infection (HPI) and OP/OFs are inconsistent. The current review summarizes the relevant literature on the potential role of HPI in OP, falls and OFs and highlights the reasons for controversies in the publications. In the first section, after a brief overview of HPI biological features, we analyze the studies evaluating the association of HPI and bone status. The second part includes data on the prevalence of OP/OFs in HPI-induced gastroduodenal diseases (peptic ulcer, chronic/atrophic gastritis and cancer) and the effects of acid-suppressive drugs. In the next section, we discuss the possible contribution of HPI-associated extra-digestive diseases and medications to OP/OF, focusing on conditions affecting both bone homeostasis and predisposing to falls. In the last section, we describe clinical implications of accumulated data on HPI as a co-factor of OP/OF and present a feasible five-step algorithm for OP/OF risk assessment and management in regard to HPI, emphasizing the importance of an integrative (but differentiated) holistic approach. Increased awareness about the consequences of HPI linked to OP/OF can aid early detection and management. Further research on the HPI-OP/OF relationship is needed to close current knowledge gaps and improve clinical management of both OP/OF and HPI-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Fisher
- Department of Gastroenterology, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, Melbourne 3199, Australia
| | - Alexander Fisher
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Canberra Hospital, ACT Health, Canberra 2605, Australia;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Canberra Hospital, ACT Health, Canberra 2605, Australia;
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra 2605, Australia
| | - Paul N Smith
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Canberra Hospital, ACT Health, Canberra 2605, Australia;
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra 2605, Australia
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Melby KK, Carlsen KL, Håland G, Samdal HH, Carlsen KH. Helicobacter pylori in early childhood and asthma in adolescence. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:79. [PMID: 32070394 PMCID: PMC7027323 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-04941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective An inverse effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) on the occurrence of asthma is debated and early acquisition of H. pylori may be important. We analyzed sera from 197 children from Environment and Childhood Asthma (ECA) study in Oslo for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) at 2 and 10 years, and symptoms and signs of asthma at 16 years of age. Results While 16.4% of children who were H. pylori negative at 2 and 10 years had current asthma at 16 years, none of the 12 children who were H. pylori positive at 2 years of age had asthma at the age of 16 years, regardless of H. pylori status at 10 years. This trend for less current asthma in children who were H. pylori positive at 2 years compared to persistent or transient negative status at 10 years was not statistically significant, probably due to low number of H. pylori positive children at 2 years of age. Acquisition of H. pylori in school age did not appear to influence the risk of current asthma. Much larger prospective studies are probably required to document whether or not early H. pylori infection may be involved in the risk of asthma development in later childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil K Melby
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0035, Oslo, Norway. .,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Karin L Carlsen
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Håland
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helvi H Samdal
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0035, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kai-Håkon Carlsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Akiner U, Yener HM, Gozen ED, Kuzu SB, Canakcioglu S. Helicobacter pylori in allergic and non-allergic rhinitis does play a protective or causative role? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 277:141-145. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05659-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ikuse T, Blanchard TG, Czinn SJ. Inflammation, Immunity, and Vaccine Development for the Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:1-19. [PMID: 31123883 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been over 30 years since a link was established between H. pylori infection of the gastric mucosa and the development of chronic gastric diseases. Research in rodent models supported by data from human tissue demonstrated that the host immune response to H. pylori is limited by host regulatory T cells. Immunization has been shown to induce a potent Th1- and Th17-mediated immune response capable of eradicating or at least significantly reducing the bacterial load of H. pylori in the stomach in small animal models. These results have not translated well to humans. Clinical trials employing many of the strategies used in rodents for oral immunization including the use of a mucosal adjuvant such as Escherichia coli LT or delivery by attenuated enteric bacteria have failed to limit H. pylori infection and have highlighted the potential toxicity of exotoxin-based mucosal adjuvants. A recent study, however, utilizing a recombinant fusion protein of H. pylori urease and the subunit B of E. coli LT, was performed on over 4000 children. Efficacy of over 70% was demonstrated against naturally acquired infection compared to control volunteers one year post-immunization. Efficacy was reduced, but still above 50% at three years. This study provided new insight into the strategies for developing an improved vaccine for widespread use in countries with high infection rates and where gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most common causes of death due to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Ikuse
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas G Blanchard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 13-015 Bressler Research Building, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Steven J Czinn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 13-015 Bressler Research Building, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Patrucco F, Venezia L, Gavelli F, Solidoro P. Helicobacter pylori and respiratory diseases: update for pneumologist. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4954.18.01824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
Many studies have been performed in the last year concerning the potential role of Helicobacter pylori in different extragastric diseases, reinforcing the idea that specific microorganisms may cause diseases even far from the primary site of infection. While the role of H. pylori on idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, sideropenic anemia, and vitamin B12 deficiency has been well established, there is a growing interest in other conditions, such as cardiovascular, neurologic, dermatologic, obstetric, immunologic, and metabolic diseases. Concerning neurologic diseases, there is a great interest in cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. The aim of this review was to summarize the results of the most relevant studies published over the last year on this fascinating topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bianca Giupponi
- Internal Medicine Institute, Fondaeione Policlinico Unversitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Internal Medicine Institute, Fondaeione Policlinico Unversitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Agafonova EV, Krestnikova LV, Salmakova AV, Isaeva GS, Syrykh EV. Immunologic Parallels: Infectious Burden and Markers of Atopic Response Type. BIONANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-018-0546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kountouras J, Polyzos SA, Doulberis M, Stergiopoulos C, Katsinelos P. Comment on "Therapeutic Application of an Extract of Helicobacter pylori Ameliorates the Development of Allergic Airway Disease". JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:3027. [PMID: 29685946 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Christos Stergiopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
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Accumulated evidence on Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of asthma: A meta-analysis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28634020 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection has been suggested to be related to a decreased risk of asthma, but findings in the literature are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To quantitatively summarize the existing evidence on the association between H pylori infection and asthma risk. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for observational studies of H pylori infection in relation to the risk of asthma published in English through May 2017. Measurements of association were pooled using a meta-analytic approach and expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS Twenty-four studies were identified in this meta-analysis, including 8 case-control studies composed of 1,247 cases and 2,410 controls, and 16 cross-sectional studies composed of 50,290 participants (4,185 cases and 46,105 noncases). The average H pylori infection rates were 40.01% and 48.74% in case-control and cross-sectional studies, respectively. Five studies subcategorized H pylori infection according to CagA status, in which 59.37% of H pylori-infected participants were identified as having CagA positivity. Helicobacter pylori infection was significantly inversely associated with the risk of asthma in case-control studies (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.71-0.98) but was borderline significant in cross-sectional studies (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.76-1.02). The observed inverse association persisted for CagA-positive H pylori infection (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63-0.93, P for interaction = .03) but not for CagA-negative strains (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.66-1.78). No significant difference was observed across age or region subgroups. CONCLUSION The accumulated evidence supports that H pylori infection, especially CagA-positive H pylori infection, is inversely associated with the risk of asthma.
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Ribaldone DG, Saracco G, Pellicano R. Does Helicobacter pylori infection increase the risk of adult-onset asthma? Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:1995-1996. [PMID: 28508347 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D G Ribaldone
- Gastroenterology - U, General and Specialist Medicine Department, Città della Salute e della Scienza of Turin, C.so Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - G Saracco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - R Pellicano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy
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