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Hou B, Chen H, Gao N, An J. Cross-Reactive Immunity among Five Medically Important Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses Related to Human Diseases. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061213. [PMID: 35746683 PMCID: PMC9228836 DOI: 10.3390/v14061213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses cause a spectrum of potentially severe diseases. Most flaviviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks and are widely distributed all over the world. Among them, several mosquito-borne flaviviruses are co-epidemic, and the similarity of their antigenicity creates abundant cross-reactive immune responses which complicate their prevention and control. At present, only effective vaccines against yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis have been used clinically, while the optimal vaccines against other flavivirus diseases are still under development. The antibody-dependent enhancement generated by cross-reactive immune responses against different serotypes of dengue virus makes the development of the dengue fever vaccine a bottleneck. It has been proposed that the cross-reactive immunity elicited by prior infection of mosquito-borne flavivirus could also affect the outcome of the subsequent infection of heterologous flavivirus. In this review, we focused on five medically important flaviviruses, and rearranged and recapitulated their cross-reactive immunity in detail from the perspectives of serological experiments in vitro, animal experiments in vivo, and human cohort studies. We look forward to providing references and new insights for the research of flavivirus vaccines and specific prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Hou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (B.H.); (J.A.)
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (B.H.); (J.A.)
- Experimental Center for Basic Medical Teaching, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (N.G.)
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (B.H.); (J.A.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (N.G.)
| | - Jing An
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (B.H.); (J.A.)
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100093, China
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Ma’roef CN, Dhenni R, Megawati D, Fadhilah A, Lucanus A, Artika IM, Masyeni S, Lestarini A, Sari K, Suryana K, Yudhaputri FA, Jaya UA, Sasmono RT, Ledermann JP, Powers AM, Myint KSA. Japanese encephalitis virus infection in non-encephalitic acute febrile illness patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008454. [PMID: 32663209 PMCID: PMC7360021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is considered endemic in Indonesia, there are only limited reports of JEV infection from a small number of geographic areas within the country with the majority of these being neuroinvasive disease cases. Here, we report cases of JEV infection in non-encephalitic acute febrile illness patients from Bali, Indonesia. Paired admission (S1) and discharge (S2) serum specimens from 144 acute febrile illness patients (without evidence of acute dengue virus infection) were retrospectively tested for anti-JEV IgM antibody and confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for JEV infection. Twenty-six (18.1%) patients were anti-JEV IgM-positive or equivocal in their S2 specimens, of which 5 (3.5%) and 8 (5.6%) patients met the criteria for confirmed and probable JEV infection, respectively, based on PRNT results. Notably, these non-encephalitic JE cases were less likely to have thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and lower hematocrit compared with confirmed dengue cases of the same cohort. These findings highlight the need to consider JEV in the diagnostic algorithm for acute febrile illnesses in endemic areas and suggest that JEV as a cause of non-encephalitic disease has likely been underestimated in Indonesia. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an important cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections in Asia and is considered endemic in Indonesia. However, reports of JEV infection in non-encephalitic disease cases are lacking because diagnosis is difficult to confirm and JEV is rarely considered as a cause of non-encephalitic disease. Here, with robust serological testing, we identified cases of JEV infection in patients presenting at a regency hospital in Bali with fever but without symptoms of CNS infection. This finding supports the need to include JEV in routine clinical diagnostic algorithms for patients with fever in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chairin Nisa Ma’roef
- Emerging Virus Research Unit, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rama Dhenni
- Emerging Virus Research Unit, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Megawati
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Warmadewa University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Araniy Fadhilah
- Emerging Virus Research Unit, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anton Lucanus
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - I Made Artika
- Emerging Virus Research Unit, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sri Masyeni
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Warmadewa University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Asri Lestarini
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Warmadewa University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Kartika Sari
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Warmadewa University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Ungke Anton Jaya
- Emerging Virus Research Unit, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - R. Tedjo Sasmono
- Dengue Research Unit, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jeremy P. Ledermann
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ann M. Powers
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Khin Saw Aye Myint
- Emerging Virus Research Unit, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
- * E-mail: ,
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