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Tao Z, Li X, Yu H, Wu J, Wen Y, Liu T. Photodynamic Therapy of LD4-Photosensitizer Attenuates the Acute Pneumonia Induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1101-1113. [PMID: 38633581 PMCID: PMC11020065 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that induces acute lung injury (ALI) and inflammation in humans, necessitating immediate hospitalization and treatment. At present, the clinical treatment is largely dependent on hormones or antibiotics but is associated with drawbacks posed by the lack of eradication of the bacterium upon treatment and drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel and effective treatments. The current study investigated the treatment of K. pneumonia-induced ALI using a photosensitizer LD4 in conjunction with photodynamic therapy (PDT). The water content in the lungs (corresponding to edema) of a rat model of pneumonia induced by K. pneumoniae was reduced upon treatment with LD4-PDT. The counts of leukocyte, lymphocyte, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte in the blood were determined in the rat model of pneumonia, as were the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (estimated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The LD4-PDT treatment prominently reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, superoxide dismutase, and immune cells. Results suggest that LD4-PDT considerably alleviates the inflammation and oxidative stress caused by K. pneumoniae in the rat model of pneumonia. Furthermore, it could effectively improve the survival rate in the rat model of K. pneumonia-induced pneumonia and ameliorate histological changes while protecting the integrity of the pulmonary epithelial cells. These results highlight the potential application of LD4 as a photosensitizer for treating acute pneumonia induced by K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Tao
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science
and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department
of Pathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongzhi Yu
- Department
of Respiratory Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Junping Wu
- Department
of Infection, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science
and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Tianjun Liu
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science
and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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2
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Mgidlana S, Sen P, Nyokong T. Dual action of asymmetrical zinc(II) phthalocyanines conjugated to silver tungstate nanoparticles towards photodegradation of tetracycline and inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Spesia MB, Durantini EN. Evolution of Phthalocyanine Structures as Photodynamic Agents for Bacteria Inactivation. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100292. [PMID: 35018719 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phthalocyanine derivatives have been proposed as photosensitizers for the treatment of several microbial infections. In this review, the progress in the structures of phthalocyanines was analyzed, considering that these compounds can easily functionalize and can form complexes with various metal ions. In this sense, different substituents were used to increase the interaction with the microorganisms, improving their photodynamic inactivation. Furthermore, these photosensitizers absorb strongly at phototherapeutic window, emit red fluorescence, and efficiently produce the formation of reactive oxygen species. Subsequently, the influence of binding, bacteria types, cell density, washing effect, and media on photoinactivation was remarked to elimination of microbes. Finally, photokilling of bacterial biofilm by phthalocyanines and the mechanism of action were discussed. Therefore, this review brings together the main features of phthalocyanines as antimicrobial phototherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B Spesia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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4
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Zhao Z, Ma J, Wang Y, Xu Z, Zhao L, Zhao J, Hong G, Liu T. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Combined With Antibiotic in the Treatment of Rats With Third-Degree Burns. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:622410. [PMID: 33717010 PMCID: PMC7943878 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.622410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic porphyrin conjugate, protoporphyrin IX-methyl ethylenediamine derivative (PPIX-MED) has a potent photosensitive antibacterial effect on clinically isolated bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, (MRSA), Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study investigated (i) the PPIX-MED-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic effect on these three species in vitro and (ii) the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) combined with the use of an antibiotic on the healing in vivo of third-degree burns of rats with the wounds infected by these bacterial species. PPIX-MED exerted a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of the three bacterial species by producing reactive oxygen species when photoactivated. PPIX-MED-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PPIX-MED-aPDT) had high bacterial photoinactivation ability in vitro, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 15.6 μM PPIX-MED against each of the three types of bacteria and minimum bactericidal concentrations of 31.25 μM against MRSA and E. coli and 62.5 μM against P. aeruginosa. In rats with third-degree burns infected by a mixture of these bacteria, the bactericidal efficiency of PPIX-MED–aPDT-combined-with-antibiotic treatment was higher than that of antibiotic or aPDT treatment alone. This was confirmed by analysis of viable bacterial counts in wound tissue and blood. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that aPDT-combined-with-antibiotic treatment resulted in an obvious reduction in tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels compared with the no-treatment control group and the other treatment groups. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and CD31 (a marker of neovascularization), expressed in burn wound tissue was higher in the aPDT-combined-with-antibiotic treatment group than in the other groups. PPIX-MED–aPDT has a promising bactericidal effect both in vitro and in vivo, and PPIX-MED–aPDT-combined-with-antibiotic treatment enhanced the healing of infected third-degree burns in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjuan Zhao
- College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinduo Ma
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zehua Xu
- College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianxi Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ge Hong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianjun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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5
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Mete E, Kabay N, Dumoulin F, Ahsen V, Tuncel Kostakoğlu S, Ergin Ç. Photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus using tetraethylene glycol-substituted Zn(II) phthalocyanine. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:311-314. [PMID: 33325738 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1854855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections are increasing, especially in intensive care units. A new method for photodynamic inactivation (PDI) generates reactive oxygen species by photosensitization to kill bacteria. We investigated the PDI effect of tetraethylene glycol-substituted Zn(II) phthalocyanine (TEG-P) on S. aureus strains including two standards (ATCC 25923 and ATCC 43400) and 20 clinically isolated methicillin sensitive and 20 methicillin resistance strains. We also investigated three treated groups: 650 nm laser only, TEG-P only and TEG-P + laser, plus one control group. Treatments included 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 µg/ml concentrations of TEG-P. No suppression of bacterial growth was observed in the control, laser only and TEG-P only groups whether or not S. aureus was methicillin resistant. Bacterial growth was suppressed by 85% using 8 µg/ml TEG-P and completely suppressed by 32 µg/ml TEG-P in the TEG-P + laser group. A combination of TEG-P + laser treatment may be an alternative to conventional antibiotics for routine treatment of S. aureus infections, although further investigation of the effect at the tissue level is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergun Mete
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Kabay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Vefa Ahsen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Sinem Tuncel Kostakoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Çağrı Ergin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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6
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Dharmaratne P, Wang B, Wong RCH, Chan BCL, Lau KM, Ke MR, Lau CBS, Ng DKP, Fung KP, Ip M. Monosubstituted tricationic Zn(II) phthalocyanine enhances antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and cytotoxicity evaluation for topical applications: in vitro and in vivo study. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:1628-1637. [PMID: 32619386 PMCID: PMC7473158 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1790305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an innovative approach to combat multi-drug resistant bacteria. It is known that cationic Zn(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPc) are effective in mediating aPDT against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Here we used ZnPc-based photosensitizer named ZnPcE previously reported by our research group to evaluate its aPDT efficacy against broad spectrum of clinically relevant MRSAs. Remarkably, in vitro anti-MRSA activity was achieved using near-infrared (NIR, >610 nm) light with minimal bactericidal concentrations ranging <0.019-0.156 µM against the panel of MRSAs. ZnPcE was not only significantly (p < .05) more potent than methylene blue, which is a clinically approved photosensitizer but also demonstrated low cytotoxicity against human fibroblasts cell line (Hs-27) and human immortalized keratinocytes cell line (HaCaT). The toxicity was further evaluated on human 3-D skin constructs and found ZnPcE did not manifest in vivo skin irritation at ≤7.8 µM concentration. In the murine MRSA wound model, ZnPcE with PDT group demonstrated > 4 log10 CFU reduction and the value is significantly higher (p < .05) than all test groups except positive control. To conclude, results of present study provide a scientific basis for future clinical evaluation of ZnPcE-PDT on MRSA wound infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanga Dharmaratne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Baiyan Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Roy C. H. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Ben C. L. Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Kit-Man Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei-Rong Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Clara B. S. Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Pui Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- CUHK-Zhejiang University Joint Laboratory on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Zhao ZJ, Xu ZP, Ma YY, Ma JD, Hong G. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy in mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected wounds. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237851. [PMID: 32877414 PMCID: PMC7467278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the antibacterial effect of protoporphyrin IX–ethylenediamine derivative (PPIX-ED)–mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PPIX-ED-PACT) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo. PPIX-ED potently inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by inducing reactive oxygen species production via photoactivation. Atomic force microscopy revealed that PPIX-ED-PACT induced the leakage of bacterial content by degrading the bacterial membrane and wall. As revealed using acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, PPIX-ED-PACT altered the permeability of the bacterial membrane. In addition, the antibacterial effect of PPIX-ED-PACT was demonstrated in an in vivo model of P. aeruginosa-infected wounds. PPIX-ED (100 μM) decreased the number of P. aeruginosa colony-forming units by 4.2 log10. Moreover, histological analysis illustrated that the wound healing rate was 98% on day 14 after treatment, which was 10% higher than that in the control group. According to the present findings, PPIX-ED-PACT can effectively inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Juan Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zeng-Ping Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying-Ying Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin-Duo Ma
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ge Hong
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
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8
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Dharmaratne P, Sapugahawatte DN, Wang B, Chan CL, Lau KM, Lau CB, Fung KP, Ng DK, Ip M. Contemporary approaches and future perspectives of antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): A systematic review. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112341. [PMID: 32505848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causing skin and soft tissue infections in both the community and healthcare settings challenges the limited options of effective antibiotics and motivates the search for alternative therapeutic solutions, such as antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). While many publications have described the promising anti-bacterial activities of PDT in vitro, its applications in vivo and in the clinic have been very limited. This limited availability may in part be due to variabilities in the selected photosensitizing agents (PS), the variable testing conditions used to examine anti-bacterial activities and their effectiveness in treating MRSA infections. We thus sought to systematically review and examine the evidence from existing studies on aPDT associated with MRSA and to critically appraise its current state of development and areas to be addressed in future studies. In 2018, we developed and registered a review protocol in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with registration No: CRD42018086736. Three bibliographical databases were consulted (PUBMED, MEDLINE, and EMBASE), and a total of 113 studies were included in this systematic review based on our eligibility criteria. Many variables, such as the use of a wide range of solvents, pre-irradiation times, irradiation times, light sources and light doses, have been used in the methods reported by researchers, which significantly affect the inter-study comparability and results. On another note, new approaches of linking immunoglobulin G (IgG), antibodies, efflux pump inhibitors, and bacteriophages with photosensitizers (PSs) and the incorporation of PSs into nano-scale delivery systems exert a direct effect on improving aPDT. Enhanced activities have also been achieved by optimizing the physicochemical properties of the PSs, such as the introduction of highly lipophilic, poly-cationic and site-specific modifications of the compounds. However, few in vivo studies (n = 17) have been conducted to translate aPDT into preclinical studies. We anticipate that further standardization of the experimental conditions and assessing the efficacy in vivo would allow this technology to be further applied in preclinical trials, so that aPDT would develop to become a sustainable, alternative therapeutic option against MRSA infection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanga Dharmaratne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China.
| | | | - Baiyan Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China.
| | - Chung Lap Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kit-Man Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.
| | - Clara Bs Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kwok Pui Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China; CUHK-Zhejiang University Joint Laboratory on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, China.
| | - Dennis Kp Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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George L, Hiltunen A, Santala V, Efimov A. Photo-antimicrobial efficacy of zinc complexes of porphyrin and phthalocyanine activated by inexpensive consumer LED lamp. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 183:94-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Xu Z, Gao Y, Meng S, Yang B, Pang L, Wang C, Liu T. Mechanism and In Vivo Evaluation: Photodynamic Antibacterial Chemotherapy of Lysine-Porphyrin Conjugate. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:242. [PMID: 26973620 PMCID: PMC4774361 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine-porphyrin conjugate 4i has potent photosensitive antibacterial effect on clinical isolated bacterial strains such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The mechanism of photodynamic antibacterial chemotherapy of 4i (4i-PACT) in vitro and the treatment effect in vivo was investigated in this paper. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that 4i-PACT can effectively destroy membrane and wall of bacteria, resulting in leakage of its content. This was confirmed by dual fluorescent staining with acridine orange/ethidium bromide and measuring materials absorption at 260 nm. Agarose gel electrophoresis measurement showed that 4i-PACT can damage genomic DNA. Healing of wound in rat infected by mixed bacteria showed that the efficiency of 4i-PACT is dependent on the dose of light. These results showed that 4i-PACT has promising bactericidal effect both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengping Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College - Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxiang Gao
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College - Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesTianjin, China; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin, China
| | - Baochen Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College - Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Tianjin, China
| | - Liyun Pang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College - Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital Tianjin, China
| | - Tianjun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College - Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Tianjin, China
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Ye T, Chen B, Yu B, Zhong Q, Huang G, Hu X, Zhang W. Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to Methylene Blue-Mediated Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy: An in vitro Study. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:917-22. [PMID: 25688579 DOI: 10.1111/php.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect the susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to methylene blue-mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT). Three U. urealyticum strains including the standard serotype 1 and 5, and a clinically collected strain were used in this study. Strains were first incubated in 96-well culture plates in the presence of methylene blue with decreasing concentrations (from 1 to 0.015625 mg mL(-1)) for 20 or 60 min, and then submitted to irradiation with a light-emitting diode laser with a power density of 100 mW cm(-2) for 8, 17, 34 or 68 min. Regrowth of the strains was performed soon after irradiation. A significant inactivation effect was observed after PACT. Longer incubation time induced more extensive inactivation of U. urealyticum. No difference in response to PACT was observed between the two biovars of U. urealyticum. It was concluded that PACT had a significant inactivation effect on U. urealyticum, and it might be a promising alternative treatment for resistant U. urealyticum infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinglu Ye
- Dermatology Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bancheng Chen
- Dermatology Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Dermatology Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qili Zhong
- Dermatology Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoxin Huang
- Dermatology Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Dermatology Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
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