1
|
Teixeira ABV, Carvalho-Silva JM, Ferreira I, Schiavon MA, Cândido Dos Reis A. Silver vanadate nanomaterial incorporated into heat-cured resin and coating in printed resin - Antimicrobial activity in two multi-species biofilms and wettability. J Dent 2024; 145:104984. [PMID: 38583645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To incorporate the nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgVO3) into denture base materials: heat-cured (HC) and 3D printed (3DP) resins, at concentrations of 2.5 %, 5 %, and 10 %; and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity in two multi-species biofilm: (1) Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Streptococcus mutans, (2) Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, and the wettability. METHODS The AgVO3 was added to the HC powder, and printed samples were coated with 3DP with AgVO3 incorporated. After biofilm formation, the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL), metabolic activity, and epifluorescence microscopy. Wettability was assessed by the contact angles with water and artificial saliva. RESULTS In biofilm (1), HC-5 % and HC-10 % showed activity against S. mutans, HC-10 % against C. glabrata, and HC-10 % and 3DP-10 % had higher CFU/mL of C. albicans. 3DP-5 % had lower metabolic activity than the 3DP control. In biofilm (2), HC-10 % reduced S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, and HC-5 %, 3DP-2.5 %, and 3DP-5 % reduced S. aureus. 3DP incorporated with AgVO3, HC-5 %, and HC-10 % reduced biofilm (2) metabolic activity. 3DP-5 % and 3DP-10 % increased wettability with water and saliva. CONCLUSION HC-10 % was effective against C. glabrata, S. mutans, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus, and HC-5 % reduced S. mutans and S. aureus. For 3DP, 2.5 % and 5 % reduced S. aureus. The incorporation of AgVO3 into both resins reduced the metabolic activity of biofilms but had no effect on C. albicans. The wettability of the 3DP with water and saliva increased with the addition of AgVO3. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The incorporation of silver vanadate into the denture base materials provides antimicrobial efficacy and can prevent the aggravation of oral and systemic diseases. The incorporation of nanomaterials into printed resins is challenging and the coating is an alternative to obtain the inner denture base with antimicrobial effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Vilela Teixeira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Marcos Carvalho-Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Izabela Ferreira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Schiavon
- Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, São João Del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Andréa Cândido Dos Reis
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Souza BMN, Miñán AG, Brambilla IR, Pinto JG, Garcia MT, Junqueira JC, Ferreira-Strixino J. Effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with photodithazine® on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Studies in biofilms and experimental model with Galleria mellonella. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 252:112860. [PMID: 38330692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infections are a severe health problem due to the high mortality rate. Conventional treatment of these infections is via the administration of antibiotics. However, its indiscriminate use can select resistant microorganisms. Thus, it is necessary to develop alternatives for antibiotic therapy. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT), a therapeutic method that associates a photosensitizer (PS), a light source with adequate wavelength to the PS, interacts with molecular oxygen generating reactive oxygen species responsible for cell inactivation, is a viable alternative. This work aimed to analyze, in vitro and in vivo, the action of aPDT with PS Photodithazine® (PDZ) on the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain. In the in vitro method, the S. aureus biofilm was incubated with PDZ at 50 and 75 μg.mL-1 for 15 min, adopting the light dose of 25, 50, and 100 J/cm2. In addition, PS interaction, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), bacterial metabolism, adhesion, bacterial viability, and biofilm structure were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Subsequently, the strain was inoculated into models of Galleria mellonella, and the survival curve, health scale, blood cell analysis, and CFU/mL of S. aureus in the hemolymph were analyzed after aPDT. In the in vitro results, bacterial reduction was observed in the different PDZ concentrations, highlighting the parameters of 75 μg.mL-1 of PDZ and 100 J/cm2. As for in vivo results, aPDT increased survival and stimulated the immune system of G. mellonella infected by S. aureus. aPDT proved effective in both models, demonstrating its potential as an alternative therapy in treating MRSA bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Müller N Souza
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Guillermo Miñán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Isabelle Ribeiro Brambilla
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guerra Pinto
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maíra Terra Garcia
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology (ICT), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology (ICT), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lima LFG, de Paula Castro V, Álvarez CMO, Ambrósio SR, Rodrigues MA, Pires RH. Assessing the efficacy of gutiferone E in photodynamic therapy for oral candidiasis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 250:112834. [PMID: 38157703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The rise in antifungal resistance and side effects of conventional treatments drive the search for innovative therapies like Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). This study explored the efficacy of PDT mediated by gutiferone, an isolated compound from red propolis, for candidiasis treatment. Multiple evaluation methods were employed, including determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) via broth microdilution, quantifying biomass using crystal violet detachment, and cell counting through total plate count. PDT mediated by gutiferone was also assessed in five groups of mice, followed by histopathological examination and agar plating of lingual tissue samples. Among the seven Candida species tested, gutiferone displayed efficacy against C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis, with MIC values of 1000 μg/mL. In C. tropicalis biofilms, exposure to gutiferone led to a reduction of 1.61 Log10 CFU/mL. PDT mediated by gutiferone achieved an average reduction of 3.68 Log10 CFU/mL in C. tropicalis biofilm cells, underscoring its potent fungicidal activity. Histopathological analysis revealed fungal structures, such as pseudohyphae and hyphae, in infected groups (G2) and irradiated mice. In contrast, groups treated with gutiferone or subjected to gutiferone-assisted PDT (G5) exhibited only few blastoconidia. Furthermore, CFU/mL assessments in lingual tissue post-treatment demonstrated a significantly lower count (0.30 Log10 CFU/mL) in the G5 group compared to G2 (2.43 Log10 CFU/mL). These findings highlight the potential of PDT mediated by gutiferone as a promising alternative for managing denture stomatitis. Future research and clinical investigations offer the promise of validating its clinical applicability and improving outcomes in the treatment of oral candidiasis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Teixeira ABV, Valente MLDC, Sessa JPN, Gubitoso B, Schiavon MA, dos Reis AC. Adhesion of biofilm, surface characteristics, and mechanical properties of antimicrobial denture base resin. J Adv Prosthodont 2023; 15:80-92. [PMID: 37153005 PMCID: PMC10154147 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2023.15.2.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study incorporated the nanomaterial, nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgVO3), into heat-cured resin (HT) at concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% and compared the adhesion of multispecies biofilms, surface characteristics, and mechanical properties with conventional heat-cured (HT 0%) and printed resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS AgVO3 was incorporated in mass into HT powder. A denture base resin was used to obtain printed samples. Adhesion of a multispecies biofilm of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Streptococcus mutans was evaluated by colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) and metabolic activity. Wettability, roughness, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to assess the physical characteristics of the surface. The mechanical properties of flexural strength and elastic modulus were tested. RESULTS HT 10%-AgVO3 showed efficacy against S. mutans; however, it favored C. albicans CFU/mL (P < .05). The printed resin showed a higher metabolically active biofilm than HT 0% (P < .05). There was no difference in wettability or roughness between groups (P > .05). Irregularities on the printed resin surface and pores in HT 5%-AgVO3 were observed by SEM. HT 0% showed the highest flexural strength, and the resins incorporated with AgVO3 had the highest elastic modulus (P < .05). CONCLUSION The incorporation of 10% AgVO3 into heat-cured resin provided antimicrobial activity against S. mutans in a multispecies biofilm did not affect the roughness or wettability but reduced flexural strength and increased elastic modulus. Printed resin showed higher irregularity, an active biofilm, and lower flexural strength and elastic modulus than heat-cured resin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruna Gubitoso
- Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Schiavon
- Natural Sciences Department, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, São João Del-Rei, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al-Qahtani MA. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in disinfection of Candida biofilms on acrylic dentures: A systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:102980. [PMID: 35809827 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this systematic review was to critically analyze and summarize the currently available scientific evidence concerning antifungal efficacy of aPDT against Candida on acrylic surface. METHODS The focused question was: '"Is aPDT effective in minimizing the counts of Candida on acrylic dentures". A literature search was conducted interpedently on the following electronic research databases: PubMED/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Google Scholar and Embase. The MeSH terms used were: ((antimicrobial photodynamic therapy) OR (light) OR (laser) OR (photodynamic)) AND ((Candida) OR (denture stomatitis)) AND ((denture) OR (acrylic) OR (polymethylmethacrylate) OR (dental prosthesis)). Data was extracted from the studies and quality assessment was carried out using a modified version of the CONSORT checklist. RESULTS Eighteen in-vitro anti-microbial studies and 5 clinical studies were included. Twenty-two studies suggested that aPDT was effective in reducing the Candida count on acrylic dentures and one study did not have a significant effect. 19 out of 23 studies were graded as having 'medium' quality and 4 studies were graded as 'high'. Several photosensitizers, including methylene blue, porphyrin derivatives, toluidine blue-O and others were used. LED was the most popular light source used for photo-activation of the photosensitizers. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this review, aPDT is effective in reducing Candida growth on acrylic dentures and may prove to be clinical effective in preventing or treating denture stomatitis. However, more long-term clinical research is required before its clinical efficacy can be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ayedh Al-Qahtani
- Prosthetic Dental Science department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hwang G. In it together: Candida-bacterial oral biofilms and therapeutic strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:183-196. [PMID: 35218311 PMCID: PMC8957517 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Under natural environmental settings or in the human body, the majority of microorganisms exist in complex polymicrobial biofilms adhered to abiotic and biotic surfaces. These microorganisms exhibit symbiotic, mutualistic, synergistic, or antagonistic relationships with other species during biofilm colonization and development. These polymicrobial interactions are heterogeneous, complex and hard to control, thereby often yielding worse outcomes than monospecies infections. Concerning fungi, Candida spp., in particular, Candida albicans is often detected with various bacterial species in oral biofilms. These Candida-bacterial interactions may induce the transition of C. albicans from commensal to pathobiont or dysbiotic organism. Consequently, Candida-bacterial interactions are largely associated with various oral diseases, including dental caries, denture stomatitis, periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and oral cancer. Given the severity of oral diseases caused by cross-kingdom consortia that develop hard-to-remove and highly drug-resistant biofilms, fundamental research is warranted to strategically develop cost-effective and safe therapies to prevent and treat cross-kingdom interactions and subsequent biofilm development. While studies have shed some light, targeting fungal-involved polymicrobial biofilms has been limited. This mini-review outlines the key features of Candida-bacterial interactions and their impact on various oral diseases. In addition, current knowledge on therapeutic strategies to target Candida-bacterial polymicrobial biofilms is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geelsu Hwang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Corresponding Author: Geelsu Hwang,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Souza BMN, Pinto JG, Pereira AHC, Miñán AG, Ferreira-Strixino J. Efficiency of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy with Photodithazine ® on MSSA and MRSA Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070869. [PMID: 34356790 PMCID: PMC8300773 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococccus aureus is a ubiquitous and opportunistic bacteria associated with high mortality rates. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is based on the application of a light source and a photosensitizer that can interact with molecular oxygen, forming Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that result in bacterial inactivation. This study aimed to analyze, in vitro, the action of aPDT with Photodithazine® (PDZ) in methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. The strains were incubated with PDZ at 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L for 15 min and irradiated with fluences of 25, 50, and 100 J/cm2. The internalization of PDZ was evaluated by confocal microscopy, the bacterial growth by counting the number of colony-forming units, as well as the bacterial metabolic activity post-aPDT and the production of ROS. In both strains, the photosensitizer was internalized; the production of ROS increased when the aPDT was applied; there was a bacterial reduction compared to the control at all the evaluated fluences and concentrations; and, in most parameters, it was obtained complete inactivation with significant difference (p < 0.05). The implementation of aPDT with PDZ in clinical strains of S. aureus has resulted in its complete inactivation, including the MRSA strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Müller Nunes Souza
- Laboratory of Photobiology Applied to Health, Research and Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraíba, Urbanova 2911, Brazil; (B.M.N.S.); (J.G.P.); (A.H.C.P.)
| | - Juliana Guerra Pinto
- Laboratory of Photobiology Applied to Health, Research and Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraíba, Urbanova 2911, Brazil; (B.M.N.S.); (J.G.P.); (A.H.C.P.)
| | - André Henrique Correia Pereira
- Laboratory of Photobiology Applied to Health, Research and Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraíba, Urbanova 2911, Brazil; (B.M.N.S.); (J.G.P.); (A.H.C.P.)
| | - Alejandro Guillermo Miñán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina;
| | - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
- Laboratory of Photobiology Applied to Health, Research and Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraíba, Urbanova 2911, Brazil; (B.M.N.S.); (J.G.P.); (A.H.C.P.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khan F, Bamunuarachchi NI, Pham DTN, Tabassum N, Khan MSA, Kim YM. Mixed biofilms of pathogenic Candida-bacteria: regulation mechanisms and treatment strategies. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:699-727. [PMID: 34003065 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1921696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-species biofilm is one of the most frequently recorded clinical problems. Mixed biofilms develop as a result of interactions between microorganisms of a single or multiple species (e.g. bacteria and fungi). Candida spp., particularly Candida albicans, are known to associate with various bacterial species to form a multi-species biofilm. Mixed biofilms of Candida spp. have been previously detected in vivo and on the surfaces of many biomedical instruments. Treating infectious diseases caused by mixed biofilms of Candida and bacterial species has been challenging due to their increased resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Here, we review and discuss the clinical significance of mixed Candida-bacteria biofilms as well as the signalling mechanisms involved in Candida-bacteria interactions. We also describe possible approaches for combating infections associated with mixed biofilms, such as the use of natural or synthetic drugs and combination therapy. The review presented here is expected to contribute to the advances in the biomedical field on the understanding of underlying interaction mechanisms of pathogens in mixed biofilm, and alternative approaches to treating the related infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Nilushi Indika Bamunuarachchi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Ocean University of Sri Lanka, Tangalle, Sri Lanka
| | - Dung Thuy Nguyen Pham
- Center of Excellence for Biochemistry and Natural Products, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Industrial Convergence Bionix Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dias LM, Klein MI, Jordão CC, Carmello JC, Bellini A, Pavarina AC. Successive applications of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy effects the susceptibility of Candida albicans grown in medium with or without fluconazole. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102018. [PMID: 33022418 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) was introduced as a therapy due to resistance that microorganisms have developed to conventional drugs. The study aimed to evaluate the potential of successive applications of aPDT in effecting Candida albicans susceptibility and also whether the presence of fluconazole effected the recovery of the fungi in the culture medium. Planktonic cultures and biofilm were subjected to successive applications of Photodithazine-mediated (25 mg/L) LED-associated aPDT (660 nm, 34 mW/cm2). Plating was performed on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar supplemented or not with fluconazole to recover colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). Surviving cells were recovered, recultivated, and again exposed to the treatment. The treatments were performed until not enough colonies were available for recultivation and continuation of the protocol. The complete inactivation of the fungus was obtained after three and five applications for planktonic culture and biofilm, respectively. A reduction of 6.3 log10 was observed after third applications in the planktonic cultures grown on medium without fluconazole, while there was a 7 log10 reduction of these cultures grown on fluconazole medium. However, a reduction of 6.1 log10 occurred for biofilms after fifth applications for cultures grown on medium without fluconazole, while a reduction of 6.7 log10 was observed for cultures grown on medium with the antifungal. Thus, aPDT was potentiated by fluconazole. C. albicans in planktonic and biofilm cultures are susceptible to successive applications of PDZ-mediated aPDT, and tolerance to aPDT is higher in the biofilm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Mendonça Dias
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlise Inêz Klein
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Carolina Jordão
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cabrini Carmello
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Bellini
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Avoiding ventilator-associated pneumonia: Curcumin-functionalized endotracheal tube and photodynamic action. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22967-22973. [PMID: 32868444 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006759117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hospital-acquired infections are a global health problem that threatens patients' treatment in intensive care units, causing thousands of deaths and a considerable increase in hospitalization costs. The endotracheal tube (ETT) is a medical device placed in the patient's trachea to assist breathing and delivering oxygen into the lungs. However, bacterial biofilms forming at the surface of the ETT and the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria are considered the primary causes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), a severe hospital-acquired infection for significant mortality. Under these circumstances, there has been a need to administrate antibiotics together. Although necessary, it has led to a rapid increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, it becomes necessary to develop alternatives to prevent and combat these bacterial infections. One possibility is to turn the ETT itself into a bactericide. Some examples reported in the literature present drawbacks. To overcome those issues, we have designed a photosensitizer-containing ETT to be used in photodynamic inactivation (PDI) to avoid bacteria biofilm formation and prevent VAP occurrence during tracheal intubation. This work describes ETT's functionalization with curcumin photosensitizer, as well as its evaluation in PDI against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli A significant photoinactivation (up to 95%) against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was observed when curcumin-functionalized endotracheal (ETT-curc) was used. These remarkable results demonstrate this strategy's potential to combat hospital-acquired infections and contribute to fighting antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
|
11
|
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy reduces gene expression of Candida albicans in biofilms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101825. [PMID: 32445962 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated whether the oxidative stress caused by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) affects the expression of C. albicans genes related to adhesion and biofilm formation (ALS1 and HPW1) and oxidative stress response (CAP1, CAT1, and SOD1). The aPDT was mediated by two photosensitizing agents (PSs) Photodithazine® (PDZ at 100 and 200 mg/L) or Curcumin (CUR at 40 and 80 μM) and LED (37.5 J/cm2 or 50 J/cm2). The quantification of the expression was performed by Reverse Transcription-Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) using specific primers for the target genes. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (α = 0.05), followed by Tukey's post-test. It was observed reduction in the expression of ALS1, HWP1, CAP1, CAT1, and SOD1 when aPDT was performed using 200 mg/L PDZ and 80 μM CUR associated to LED (37.7 and 50 J/cm2, respectively) and using 100 mg/L PDZ and 40 μM CUR with LED of 50 J/cm2 (versus control). Also, the expression of CAP1 and SOD1 genes was reduced after aPDT using 100 mg/L PDZ and LED of 37.5 J/cm2. There was a significant reduction in the expression of genes HWP1, CAP1, and SOD1 after aPDT using 40 μM CUR and 37.5 J/cm2 (versus the control group). The application of LED only at 37.5 and 50 J/cm2 promoted down-regulation of ALS1, CAP1, CAT1, and SOD1 genes (versus the control group). Therefore, aPDT mediated by LED -associated PSs PDZ and CUR promoted a reduction in the expression of the five C. albicans genes evaluated.
Collapse
|
12
|
Salehi B, Kregiel D, Mahady G, Sharifi-Rad J, Martins N, Rodrigues CF. Management of Streptococcus mutans- Candida spp. Oral Biofilms' Infections: Paving the Way for Effective Clinical Interventions. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E517. [PMID: 32075040 PMCID: PMC7074106 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases are considered the most common noncommunicable diseases and are related to serious local and systemic disorders. Oral pathogens can grow and spread in the oral mucosae and frequently in biomaterials (e.g., dentures or prostheses) under polymicrobial biofilms, leading to several disorders such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Biofilms harbor a complex array of interacting microbes, increasingly unapproachable to antimicrobials and with dynamic processes key to disease pathogenicity, which partially explain the gradual loss of response towards conventional therapeutic regimens. New drugs (synthesized and natural) and other therapies that have revealed promising results for the treatment or control of these mixed biofilms are presented and discussed here. A structured search of bibliographic databases was applied to include recent research. There are several promising new approaches in the treatment of Candida spp.-Streptococcus mutans oral mixed biofilms that could be clinically applied in the near future. These findings confirm the importance of developing effective therapies for oral Candida-bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran;
| | - Dorota Kregiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Wolczanska 171/173, Poland;
| | - Gail Mahady
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Clinical Pharmacognosy Laboratories, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Célia F. Rodrigues
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gubarkova EV, Feldchtein FI, Zagaynova EV, Gamayunov SV, Sirotkina MA, Sedova ES, Kuznetsov SS, Moiseev AA, Matveev LA, Zaitsev VY, Karashtin DA, Gelikonov GV, Pires L, Vitkin A, Gladkova ND. Optical coherence angiography for pre-treatment assessment and treatment monitoring following photodynamic therapy: a basal cell carcinoma patient study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18670. [PMID: 31822752 PMCID: PMC6904495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvascular networks of human basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and surrounding skin were assessed with optical coherence angiography (OCA) in conjunction with photodynamic therapy (PDT). OCA images were collected and analyzed in 31 lesions pre-treatment, and immediately/24 hours/3-12 months post-treatment. Pre-treatment OCA enabled differentiation between prevalent subtypes of BCC (nodular and superficial) and nodular-with-necrotic-core BCC subtypes with a diagnostic accuracy of 78%; this can facilitate more accurate biopsy reducing sampling error and better therapy regimen selection. Post-treatment OCA images at 24 hours were 98% predictive of eventual outcome. Additional findings highlight the importance of pre-treatment necrotic core, vascular metrics associated with hypertrophic scar formation, and early microvascular changes necessary in both tumorous and peri-tumorous regions to ensure treatment success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E V Gubarkova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - F I Feldchtein
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - E V Zagaynova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - S V Gamayunov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Korolev Street 4, Obninsk, 249036, Kaluga region, Russia
| | - M A Sirotkina
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - E S Sedova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - S S Kuznetsov
- N.A. Semashko Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital, Rodionova Street 190, 603093, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A A Moiseev
- Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Science, Ulyanova Street 46, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - L A Matveev
- Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Science, Ulyanova Street 46, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - V Y Zaitsev
- Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Science, Ulyanova Street 46, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - D A Karashtin
- Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Science, Ulyanova Street 46, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - G V Gelikonov
- Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Science, Ulyanova Street 46, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - L Pires
- University of Toronto and University Health Network, 610 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - A Vitkin
- University of Toronto and University Health Network, 610 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - N D Gladkova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mantareva V, Gol C, Kussovski V, Durmuş M, Angelov I. Impact of water-soluble zwitterionic Zn(II) phthalocyanines against pathogenic bacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 74:183-191. [PMID: 31194695 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2018-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The photodynamic impact of water-soluble zwitterionic zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPc1-4) was studied on pathogenic bacterial strains after specific light exposure (LED 665 nm). The structural differences between the studied ZnPc1-4 are in the positions and the numbers of substitution groups as well as in the bridging atoms (sulfur or oxygen) between substituents and macrocycle. The three peripherally substituted compounds (ZnPc1-3) are tetra-2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)oxypyridine (ZnPc1), tetra-2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)mercaptopyridine (ZnPc2), and octa-substituted 2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)mercaptopyridine (ZnPc3). The nonperipherally substituted compound is tetra-2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)mercaptopyridine (ZnPc4). The uptake and localization capability are studied on Gram (+) Enterococcus faecalis and Gram (-) Pseudomonas aeruginosa as suspensions and as 48 h biofilms. Relatively high accumulations of ZnPc1-4 show bacteria in suspensions with different cell density. The compounds have complete penetration in E. faecalis biofilms but with nonhomogenous distribution in P. aeruginosa biomass. The cytotoxicity test (Balb/c 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake) with ZnPc1-4 suggests the lack of dark toxicity on normal cells. However, only ZnPc3 has a minimal photocytotoxic effect toward Balb/c 3T3 cells and a comparable high potential in the photoinactivation of pathogenic bacterial species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanya Mantareva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., Bld. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria, Phone: +35 9 9606 181
| | - Cem Gol
- Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Innovative Food Technologies Development Application and Research Center, Gölköy, Bolu, 14300, Turkey
| | - Vesselin Kussovski
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., Bld. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Gebze-Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
| | - Ivan Angelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., Bld. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Janeth Rimachi Hidalgo K, Carmello JC, Carolina Jordão C, Aboud Barbugli P, de Sousa Costa CA, Mima EGDO, Pavarina AC. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Combination with Nystatin in the Treatment of Experimental Oral Candidiasis Induced by Candida albicans Resistant to Fluconazole. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12030140. [PMID: 31540476 PMCID: PMC6789856 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been demonstrated that azole-resistant strains of Candida albicans have a greater resistance to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) when compared to their more susceptible counterparts. For this reason, the present study evaluated the efficacy of aPDT, together with nystatin (NYS), in the treatment of oral candidiasis in vivo. Methods: Mice were infected with fluconazole-resistant C. albicans (ATCC 96901). To perform the combined therapy, aPDT, mediated by Photodithazine (PDZ) and LED light, was used together with NYS. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated by microbiological, macroscopic, histopathological and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy analyses of the lesions. The expression of p21 and p53, proteins associated with cell death, from the tongues of mice, was also performed. Results: The combined therapy reduced the fungal viability by around 2.6 log10 and decreased the oral lesions and the inflammatory reaction. Additionally, it stimulated the production of p53 and p21. Conclusions: The combined therapy is a promising alternative treatment for oral candidiasis induced by C. albicans resistant to fluconazole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karem Janeth Rimachi Hidalgo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Cabrini Carmello
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Carolina Jordão
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paula Aboud Barbugli
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto de Sousa Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Claudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Panariello BH, Klein MI, Alves F, Pavarina AC. DNase increases the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on Candida albicans biofilms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:124-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
17
|
Gong J, Park H, Lee J, Seo H, Lee S. Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Multispecies Biofilms, IncludingStreptococcus mutans,Lactobacillus casei, andCandida albicans. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 37:282-287. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Gong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Howon Park
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Seo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Could a chelant improve the effect of curcumin-mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy against dental intact biofilms? Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34:1185-1192. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-02708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
19
|
Khatoon Z, McTiernan CD, Suuronen EJ, Mah TF, Alarcon EI. Bacterial biofilm formation on implantable devices and approaches to its treatment and prevention. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01067. [PMID: 30619958 PMCID: PMC6312881 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In living organisms, biofilms are defined as complex communities of bacteria residing within an exopolysaccharide matrix that adheres to a surface. In the clinic, they are typically the cause of chronic, nosocomial, and medical device-related infections. Due to the antibiotic-resistant nature of biofilms, the use of antibiotics alone is ineffective for treating biofilm-related infections. In this review, we present a brief overview of concepts of bacterial biofilm formation, and current state-of-the-art therapeutic approaches for preventing and treating biofilms. Also, we have reviewed the prevalence of such infections on medical devices and discussed the future challenges that need to be overcome in order to successfully treat biofilms using the novel technologies being developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Khatoon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Christopher D. McTiernan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Erik J. Suuronen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Thien-Fah Mah
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emilio I. Alarcon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Trigo-Gutierrez JK, Sanitá PV, Tedesco AC, Pavarina AC, Mima EGDO. Effect of Chloroaluminium phthalocyanine in cationic nanoemulsion on photoinactivation of multispecies biofilm. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:212-219. [PMID: 30308310 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosensitizers in nanocarriers have been investigated for antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT). However, most studies are focused against microorganisms in planktonic or monospecies biofilm. Thus, this in vitro study evaluated the effect of aPDT using Chloroaluminium phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) in cationic nanoemulsion (NE) against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Streptococcus mutans grown as multispecies biofilm. METHODS Standard suspensions of each microorganism were added into wells of a microtiter plate for biofilm growth for 48 h in a candle jar. The biofilms were incubated with ClAlPc in cationic NE at 31.8 μM for 30 min and illuminated with red light fluence of 39.3 J/cm2 (P+L+ group). Additional samples were treated only with photosensitizer (P+L-) or red light (P-L+) or neither (P-L-, control group). aPDT efficacy was assessed by colony quantification, biofilm's metabolic activity, total biomass, and confocal microscopy. Data were analyzed by ANOVA/Welch and post-hoc Tukey/Games-Howell tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS aPDT (P+L+) reduced the colony count in 1.30 to 2.24 lg10 and the metabolic activity in 53.7% compared with the control group (P-L-). The total biomass showed no statistical difference among the groups. The confocal microscopy analyzes showed uptake of the PS in the biofilm, and dead cells were observed in the biofilm treated with aPDT. CONCLUSION aPDT mediated by ClAlPc in cationic NE promoted photoinactivation of the multispecies biofilm, which was confirmed by colony quantification, metabolic activity, and confocal microscopy. However, the total biomass of the biofilm was not affected by the treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffersson Krishan Trigo-Gutierrez
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Volpato Sanitá
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineers, Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, FFCLRP-São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tavares LJ, de Avila ED, Klein MI, Panariello BHD, Spolidório DMP, Pavarina AC. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy alone or in combination with antibiotic local administration against biofilms of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 188:135-145. [PMID: 30267963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) kills several planktonic pathogens. However, the susceptibility of biofilm-derived anaerobic bacteria to aPDT is poorly characterized. Here, we evaluated the effect of Photodithazine (PDZ)-mediated aPDT on Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms. In addition, aPDT was tested with metronidazole (MTZ) to explore the potential antimicrobial effect of the treatment. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MTZ was defined for each bacterial species. Single-species biofilms of each species were grown on polystyrene plates under anaerobic conditions for five days. aPDT was performed by applying PDZ at concentrations of 50, 75 and 100 mg/L, followed by exposure to 50 J/cm2 LED light (660 nm) with or without MTZ. aPDT exhibited a significant reduction in bacterial viability at a PDZ concentration of 100 mg/L, with 1.12 log10 and 2.66 log10 reductions for F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis in biofilms, respectively. However, the antimicrobial effect against F. nucleatum was achieved only when aPDT was combined with MTZ at 100× MIC. Regarding P. gingivalis, the combination of PDZ-mediated aPDT at 100 mg/L with MTZ 100× MIC resulted in a 5 log10 reduction in the bacterial population. The potential antimicrobial effects of aPDT in combination with MTZ for both single pathogenic biofilms were confirmed by live/dead staining. These results suggest that localized antibiotic administration may be an adjuvant to aPDT to control F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lívia J Tavares
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Erica D de Avila
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlise I Klein
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz H D Panariello
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 1121 W Michigan St, DS406, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Denise M P Spolidório
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Terra Garcia M, Correia Pereira AH, Figueiredo-Godoi LMA, Jorge AOC, Strixino JF, Junqueira JC. Photodynamic therapy mediated by chlorin-type photosensitizers against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:256-261. [PMID: 30157462 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be used for the control of oral pathogens and different photosensitizers (PS) have been investigated. This study evaluated the efficacy of PDT against Streptococcus mutans biofilms using two second-generation PS derived from chlorin: Photoditazine® (PDZ) and Fotoenticine® (FTC). These PS were compared to methylene blue (MB), a dye with proven antimicrobial activity against S. mutans. Suspensions of S. mutans were cultured in contact with bovine tooth disks for biofilm formation. After 48 h, the biofilms were treated with PDZ (0.6 mg/mL), FTC (0.6 mg/mL) or MB (1 mg/mL) and submitted to laser irradiation (660 nm, 50 mW/cm2). The biofilms were quantified by the determination of CFU/mL count and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All PS used for PDT reduced the number of S. mutans, with a statistically significant difference compared to the untreated groups. PDT achieved microbial reductions of 4 log with MB and 6 log with PDZ, while the use of FTC resulted in the complete elimination of S. mutans biofilms. SEM analysis confirmed the CFU/mL results, showing that all PS, particularly FTC, were able to detach the biofilms and to eliminate the bacteria. In conclusion, PDT mediated by chlorin-type PS exhibited greater antimicrobial activity against S. mutans than MB-mediated PDT, indicating that these PS can be useful for the control of dental caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Terra Garcia
- Institute of Science and Technology, Univ Estadual Paulista/UNESP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
| | - André Henrique Correia Pereira
- Laboratório de Terapia Fotodinâmica, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (IP&D), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba/UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Ferreira Strixino
- Laboratório de Terapia Fotodinâmica, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (IP&D), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba/UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Institute of Science and Technology, Univ Estadual Paulista/UNESP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
da Silveira PV, Panariello BHD, de Araújo Costa CAG, Maule SM, Maule SM, Janal MN, Zanin ICJ, Duarte S. Twice-daily red and blue light treatment for Candida albicans biofilm matrix development control. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:441-447. [PMID: 30097756 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy has been proposed as a direct means of affecting local bacterial infections. However, the use of phototherapy to prevent fungal biofilm development has received comparatively less attention. This study aimed to determine the effects of red light treatment and blue light treatment, without a photosensitizer, on the development of Candida albicans biofilm. During the development of 48-h biofilms of C. albicans SN 425 (n = 10), the biofilms were exposed twice-daily to noncoherent blue and red light (LumaCare; 420 nm and 635 nm). The energy density applied was 72 J cm-2 for blue light and 43.8 J cm2, 87.6 J cm2, and 175.5 J cm2 for red light. Positive control (PC) and negative control (NC) groups were treated twice-daily for 1 min with 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 0.89% NaCl respectively. Biofilms were analyzed for colony forming units (CFU), dry-weight, and exopolysaccharides (EPS-soluble and EPS-insoluble). Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test (α = 0.05). Dry-weight was lower than NC (p < 0.001) and approached PC levels with both red and blue light treatments. CFU were also lower in groups exposed to blue light and higher durations of red light (p < 0.05). EPS-soluble and EPS-insoluble measures were variably reduced by these light exposures. In conclusion, twice-daily exposure to both blue and red lights affect the biofilm development and physiology of polysaccharide production and are potential mechanisms for the control of C. albicans biofilm matrix development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ventura da Silveira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Monsenhor Furtado, s/n. Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-355, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Helena Dias Panariello
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University, Purdue University Indianapolis, School of Dentistry, Postal address: 1121 W Michigan St, # DS406, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | | | - Shawn M Maule
- New York University College of Dentistry, 345 E. 24th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Shane M Maule
- New York University College of Dentistry, 345 E. 24th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Malvin N Janal
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 E. 24th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Iriana Carla Junqueira Zanin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Monsenhor Furtado, s/n. Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-355, Brazil
| | - Simone Duarte
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University, Purdue University Indianapolis, School of Dentistry, Postal address: 1121 W Michigan St, # DS406, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sanitá PV, Pavarina AC, Dovigo LN, Ribeiro APD, Andrade MC, Mima EGDO. Curcumin-mediated anti-microbial photodynamic therapy against Candida dubliniensis biofilms. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:709-717. [PMID: 29134404 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-microbial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by curcumin (Cur) associated with LED light against biofilms of Candida dubliniensis, and further, investigate cellular uptake and drug penetration through the biofilms under confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Four C. dubliniensis strains were tested: three clinical isolates from HIV-positive patients and one reference strain (CBS 7987). Biofilms were treated with three Cur concentrations (20.0, 30.0, and 40.0 μM). All samples were incubated in the dark for 20 min and exposed to a 5.28 J/cm2 of LED light fluence. Additional samples of each strain were treated either with Cur or LED light only. Control samples had neither Cur nor light. After aPDT, results were read using the XTT salt reduction method. The data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Games-Howell post-hoc test (α = 0.05). Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to verify both the uptake of Cur by yeast cells and its penetration through the biofilm. The results showed that aPDT promoted significant reduction on the metabolism of the biofilm-organized cells of C. dubliniensis. Further, while Cur was rapidly taken up by C. dubliniensis cells, a longer time interval was required to allow Cur penetration into biofilm cells. Based on these results, aPDT associating LED and Cur presents promising potential on fungal control of biofilms of C. dubliniensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Volpato Sanitá
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, n° 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, n° 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Lívia Nordi Dovigo
- Department of Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dias Ribeiro
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Center Dr. 1395, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mariana Carvalho Andrade
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, n° 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, n° 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Alves F, de Oliveira Mima EG, Passador RCP, Bagnato VS, Jorge JH, Pavarina AC. Virulence factors of fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:815-826. [PMID: 28280998 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by Photodithazine® (PDZ) and LED light on the virulence factors of fluconazole-susceptible (CaS) and fluconazole-resistant (CaR) Candida albicans. Standardized suspensions of strains were prepared (107), and after 48 h of biofilm formation, these strains were incubated with PDZ (100 mg/L) for 20 min and exposed to LED light (660 nm, 37.5 J/cm2). Additional samples were treated with PDZ or light only, and the control consisted of biofilms that received no treatment. After aPDT, the cells were recovered and the virulence factors were evaluated. To analyze the capacity of adhesion, cells were recovered after aPDT and submitted to the adhesion process in the bottom of a 96-well plate. After this, metabolic activity tests (XTT assay) and cell viability (colony forming units per milliliter, CFU/mL) were applied. To evaluate the biofilm-forming ability after aPDT, the cells recovered were submitted to biofilm formation procedures, and the biofilm formed was evaluated by XTT, CFU/mL, and total biomass (crystal violet) tests. Lastly, the capacity for synthesizing protease and phospholipase enzymes after aPDT was evaluated by fluorimetric tests. Data were analyzed by two- or three-way ANOVA tests (p ≤ 0.05). It was verified that aPDT reduced the viability of both strains, fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant C. albicans. It was also observed that the CaR strain had lower susceptibility to the aPDT when compared with the CaS strain. However, regarding the virulence factors evaluated, it was demonstrated that aPDT did not alter the adherence and biofilm formation ability and enzymatic production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Alves
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Caroline Polato Passador
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- Biophotonics Lab, Group of Optics, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Janaína Habib Jorge
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Varela Kellesarian S, Abduljabbar T, Vohra F, Malmstrom H, Yunker M, Varela Kellesarian T, Romanos GE, Javed F. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the disinfection of acrylic denture surfaces: A systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 17:103-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
27
|
de Figueiredo Freitas LS, Rossoni RD, Jorge AOC, Junqueira JC. Repeated applications of photodynamic therapy on Candida glabrata biofilms formed in acrylic resin polymerized. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:549-555. [PMID: 28091850 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have been suggested that photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be used as an adjuvant treatment for denture stomatitis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of multiple sessions of PDT on Candida glabrata biofilms in specimens of polymerized acrylic resin formed after 5 days. Subsequently, four applications of PDT were performed on biofilms in 24-h intervals (days 6-9). Also, we evaluated two types of PDT, including application of laser and methylene blue or light-emitting diode (LED) and erythrosine. The control groups were treated with physiological solution. The effects of PDT on biofilm were evaluated after the first and fourth application of PDT. The biofilm analysis was performed by counting the colony-forming units. The results showed that between the days 6 and 9, the biofilms not treated by PDT had an increase of 5.53 to 6.05 log (p = 0.0271). Regarding the treatments, after one application of PDT, the biofilms decreased from 5.53 to 0.89 log. When it was done four applications, the microbial reduction ranged from 6.05 log to 0.11 log. We observed that one application of PDT with laser or LED caused a reduction of 3.36 and 4.64 compared to the control groups, respectively (p = 0.1708). When it was done four applications of PDT, the reductions achieved were 1.57 for laser and 5.94 for LED (p = 0.0001). It was concluded that repeated applications of PDT on C. glabrata biofilms showed higher antimicrobial activity compared to single application. PDT mediated by LED and erythrosine was more efficient than the PDT mediated by laser and methylene blue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lírian Silva de Figueiredo Freitas
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos, 12245-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodnei Dennis Rossoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos, 12245-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos, 12245-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos, 12245-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tavares LJ, Pavarina AC, Vergani CE, de Avila ED. The impact of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on peri-implant disease: What mechanisms are involved in this novel treatment? Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 17:236-244. [PMID: 27939958 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
According to the American Academy of Implant Dentistry, 3 million Americans have dental implants, and this number is growing by 500,000 each year. Proportionally, the number of biological complications is also increasing. Among them, peri-implant disease is considered the most common cause of implant loss after osseointegration. In this context, microorganisms residing on the surfaces of implants and their prosthetic components are considered to be the primary etiologic factor for peri-implantitis. Some research groups have proposed combining surgical and non-surgical therapies with systemic antibiotics. The major problem associated with the use of antibiotics to treat peri-implantitis is that microorganisms replicate very quickly. Moreover, inappropriate prescription of antibiotics is not only associated with potential resistance but also and most importantly with the development of superinfections that are difficult to eradicate. Although antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) was discovered several years ago, aPDT has only recently emerged as a possible alternative therapy against different oral pathogens causing peri-implantitis. The mechanism of action of aPDT is based on a combination of a photosensitizer drug and light of a specific wavelength in the presence of oxygen. The reaction between light and oxygen produces toxic forms of oxygen species that can kill microbial cells. This mechanism is crucial to the efficacy of aPDT. To help us understand conflicting data, it is necessary to know all the particularities of the etiology of peri-implantitis and the aPDT compounds. We believe that this review will draw attention to new insights regarding the impact of aPDT on peri-implant disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Jacovassi Tavares
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Vergani
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Erica Dorigatti de Avila
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Santezi C, Tanomaru JM, Bagnato VS, Júnior OBO, Dovigo LN. Potential of curcumin-mediated photodynamic inactivation to reduce oral colonization. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 15:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
30
|
Photodynamic inactivation of pathogenic species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans with lutetium (III) acetate phthalocyanines and specific light irradiation. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1591-1598. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-2022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
31
|
Quishida CCC, De Oliveira Mima EG, Jorge JH, Vergani CE, Bagnato VS, Pavarina AC. Photodynamic inactivation of a multispecies biofilm using curcumin and LED light. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:997-1009. [PMID: 27126412 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential of curcumin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (API) on multispecies biofilms of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Streptococcus mutans of different ages. Acrylic samples (n = 480) were made with standardized rough surfaces and incubated with bacteria and yeast for 24 or 48 h. API was performed with curcumin (80, 100, 120 μM) and LED light. Additional acrylic samples were treated with curcumin or LED light only. Positive control samples received neither light nor curcumin. After API, colony counts were quantified (CFU/mL), cell metabolism was determined by means of XTT assay, and the total biofilm biomass was evaluated using Crystal Violet (CV) staining assay and images were obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The data were analyzed by nonparametric two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests (α < 0.05). For 24-h biofilm, API resulted in statistically significant difference (ρ < 0.001) of viability of C. albicans compared with control (P-L-) for all Cur concentrations. For 48-h biofilm, API resulted in statistically significant difference (ρ < 0.001) compared with control only when Cur at 120 μM was used. API promoted statistically significant difference (ρ ≤ 0.001) in the viability of S. mutans and C. glabrata for all Cur concentrations in the two biofilm ages. In addition, API produced a statistically significant difference (ρ < 0.001) of metabolic activity and of total biomass (ρ < 0.001) of multispecies biofilms compared with control for all Cur concentrations. It can be concluded that both 24- and 48-h biofilms were susceptible to API mediated by Cur; however, 24-h biofilm was more sensitive than the 48-h biofilm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Campos Costa Quishida
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, School of Dentistry - Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, CEP 12245-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ewerton Garcia De Oliveira Mima
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá 1680, CEP 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Janaina Habib Jorge
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá 1680, CEP 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Vergani
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá 1680, CEP 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- Physics Institute of São Carlos, USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá 1680, CEP 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|