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Kim KS, Lee C, Kim HS, Gu SJ, Yoon HJ, Won SB, Lee H, Lee YS, Kim SS, Kane LP, Park EJ. TIM-3 on myeloid cells promotes pulmonary inflammation through increased production of galectin-3. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1090. [PMID: 39237613 PMCID: PMC11377825 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06762-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3) exhibits unique, cell type- and context-dependent characteristics and functions. Here, we report that TIM-3 on myeloid cells plays essential roles in modulating lung inflammation. We found that myeloid cell-specific TIM-3 knock-in (FSF-TIM3/LysM-Cre+) mice have lower body weight and shorter lifespan than WT mice. Intriguingly, the lungs of FSF-TIM3/LysM-Cre+ mice display excessive inflammation and features of disease-associated pathology. We further revealed that galectin-3 levels are notably elevated in TIM-3-overexpressing lung-derived myeloid cells. Furthermore, both TIM-3 blockade and GB1107, a galectin-3 inhibitor, ameliorated lung inflammation in FSF-TIM3/LysM-Cre+/- mice. Using an LPS-induced lung inflammation model with myeloid cell-specific TIM-3 knock-out mice, we demonstrated the association of TIM-3 with both lung inflammation and galectin-3. Collectively, our findings suggest that myeloid TIM-3 is an important regulator in the lungs and that modulation of TIM-3 and galectin-3 could offer therapeutic benefits for inflammation-associated lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Sun Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanju Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
- Immuno-oncology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jeong Gu
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Yoon
- Immuno-oncology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Won
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
- Immuno-oncology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sun Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Radiological Science Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Lawrence P Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea.
- Immuno-oncology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea.
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Jacob R, Gorek LS. Intracellular galectin interactions in health and disease. Semin Immunopathol 2024; 46:4. [PMID: 38990375 PMCID: PMC11239732 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-024-01010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
In the galectin family, a group of lectins is united by their evolutionarily conserved carbohydrate recognition domains. These polypeptides play a role in various cellular processes and are implicated in disease mechanisms such as cancer, fibrosis, infection, and inflammation. Following synthesis in the cytosol, manifold interactions of galectins have been described both extracellularly and intracellularly. Extracellular galectins frequently engage with glycoproteins or glycolipids in a carbohydrate-dependent manner. Intracellularly, galectins bind to non-glycosylated proteins situated in distinct cellular compartments, each with multiple cellular functions. This diversity complicates attempts to form a comprehensive understanding of the role of galectin molecules within the cell. This review enumerates intracellular galectin interaction partners and outlines their involvement in cellular processes. The intricate connections between galectin functions and pathomechanisms are illustrated through discussions of intracellular galectin assemblies in immune and cancer cells. This underscores the imperative need to fully comprehend the interplay of galectins with the cellular machinery and to devise therapeutic strategies aimed at counteracting the establishment of galectin-based disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Jacob
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 14, D-35043, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Lena-Sophie Gorek
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 14, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
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3
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Souchak J, Mohammed NBB, Lau LS, Dimitroff CJ. The role of galectins in mediating the adhesion of circulating cells to vascular endothelium. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395714. [PMID: 38840921 PMCID: PMC11150550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular cell adhesion is a complex orchestration of events that commonly feature lectin-ligand interactions between circulating cells, such as immune, stem, and tumor cells, and endothelial cells (ECs) lining post-capillary venules. Characteristically, circulating cell adherence to the vasculature endothelium is initiated through interactions between surface sialo-fucosylated glycoprotein ligands and lectins, specifically platelet (P)- or endothelial (E)-selectin on ECs or between leukocyte (L)-selectin on circulating leukocytes and L-selectin ligands on ECs, culminating in circulating cell extravasation. This lectin-ligand interplay enables the migration of immune cells into specific tissue sites to help maintain effective immunosurveillance and inflammation control, the homing of stem cells to bone marrow or tissues in need of repair, and, unfortunately, in some cases, the dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to distant metastatic sites. Interestingly, there is a growing body of evidence showing that the family of β-galactoside-binding lectins, known as galectins, can also play pivotal roles in the adhesion of circulating cells to the vascular endothelium. In this review, we present contemporary knowledge on the significant roles of host- and/or tumor-derived galectin (Gal)-3, -8, and -9 in facilitating the adhesion of circulating cells to the vascular endothelium either directly by acting as bridging molecules or indirectly by triggering signaling pathways to express adhesion molecules on ECs. We also explore strategies for interfering with galectin-mediated adhesion to attenuate inflammation or hinder the metastatic seeding of CTCs, which are often rich in galectins and/or their glycan ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Souchak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Norhan B. B. Mohammed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Lee Seng Lau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Charles J. Dimitroff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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4
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Bormon R, Srivastava E, Ali R, Singh P, Kumar A, Verma S. Anti-proliferative, -migratory and -clonogenic effects of long-lasting nitric oxide release in HepG2 cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3527-3530. [PMID: 38450546 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00232f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) holds promise as a cytotoxic agent against tumors, but its gaseous nature and short half-life hinder direct administration to tumor tissues. Herein, we present novel 6,9-disubstituted purine derivatives designed to ensure sustained NO release, followed by study of their significant anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, and anti-clonogenic effects on HepG2 cell lines, highlighting NO release as a potent effector for treating hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Bormon
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India.
| | - Ekta Srivastava
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India.
| | - Rafat Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India.
| | - Prerna Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India.
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, UP, India
- Centre for Nanoscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, UP, India
- Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, UP, India
- Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, UP, India
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India.
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, UP, India
- Centre for Nanoscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, UP, India
- Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, UP, India
- Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, UP, India
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5
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Huang Q, Xiao Y, Lan T, Lu Y, Huang L, Zheng D. WNT7A promotes tumorigenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via activating FZD7/JAK1/STAT3 signaling. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:7. [PMID: 38246919 PMCID: PMC10800352 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling are critical pathway involved in organ development, tumorigenesis, and cancer progression. WNT7A, a member of the Wnt family, remains poorly understood in terms of its role and the underlying molecular mechanisms it entails in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). According to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), transcriptome sequencing data of HNSCC, the expression level of WNT7A in tumors was found to be higher than in adjacent normal tissues, which was validated using Real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Unexpectedly, overexpression of WNT7A did not activate the canonical Wnt-β-catenin pathway in HNSCC. Instead, our findings suggested that WNT7A potentially activated the FZD7/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway, leading to enhanced cell proliferation, self-renewal, and resistance to apoptosis. Furthermore, in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor model, high expression of WNT7A and phosphorylated STAT3 was observed, which positively correlated with tumor progression. These findings underscore the significance of WNT7A in HNSCC progression and propose the targeting of key molecules within the FZD7/JAK1/STAT3 pathway as a promising strategy for precise treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Lan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youguang Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Dali Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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6
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Hsieh YC, Dai YC, Cheng KT, Yang WT, Ramani MV, Subbaraju GV, Chen YJ, Chang CC. Blockade of the SRC/STAT3/BCL-2 Signaling Axis Sustains the Cytotoxicity in Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines Induced by Dehydroxyhispolon Methyl Ether. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2530. [PMID: 37760971 PMCID: PMC10526010 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent human cancer globally. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based systemic chemotherapy is the primary strategy for advanced CRC treatment, yet is limited by poor response rate. Deregulated activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is fundamental to driving CRC malignant transformation and a poor prognostic marker for CRC, underscoring STAT3 as a promising CRC drug target. Dehydroxyhispolon methyl ether (DHME) is an analog of Hispolon, an anticancer polyphenol abundant in the medicinal mushroom Phellinus linteus. Previously, we have established DHME's cytotoxic effect on human CRC cell lines by eliciting apoptosis through the blockade of WNT/β-catenin signaling, a preeminent CRC oncogenic pathway. Herein, we unraveled that compared with 5-FU, DHME is a more potent killer of CRC cells while being much less toxic to normal colon epithelial cells. DHME suppressed both constitutive and interleukin 6 (IL-6)-induced STAT3 activation represented by tyrosine 705 phosphorylation of STAT3 (p-STAT3 (Y705)); notably, DHME-induced CRC apoptosis and clonogenicity limitation were abrogated by ectopic expression of STAT3-C, a dominant-active STAT3 mutant. Additionally, we proved that BCL-2 downregulation caused by DHME-mediated STAT3 blockage is responsible for DHME-induced CRC cell apoptosis. Lastly, DHME inhibited SRC activation, and v-src overexpression restored p-STAT3 (Y705) levels along with lowering the levels of apoptosis in DHME-treated CRC cells. We conclude DHME provokes CRC cell apoptosis by blocking the SRC/STAT3/BCL-2 axis besides thwarting WNT/β-catenin signaling. The notion that DHME targets two fundamental CRC signaling pathways underpins the potential of DHME as a CRC chemotherapy agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chu Hsieh
- Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan;
| | - Yuan-Chang Dai
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600566, Taiwan;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600566, Taiwan
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
| | - Kur-Ta Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Ting Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan;
| | - Modukuri V. Ramani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India; (M.V.R.); (G.V.S.)
| | | | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Che Chang
- Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan;
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
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7
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Araldi RP, Delvalle DA, da Costa VR, Alievi AL, Teixeira MR, Dias Pinto JR, Kerkis I. Exosomes as a Nano-Carrier for Chemotherapeutics: A New Era of Oncology. Cells 2023; 12:2144. [PMID: 37681875 PMCID: PMC10486723 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the considerable advancements in oncology, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Drug resistance mechanisms acquired by cancer cells and inefficient drug delivery limit the therapeutic efficacy of available chemotherapeutics drugs. However, studies have demonstrated that nano-drug carriers (NDCs) can overcome these limitations. In this sense, exosomes emerge as potential candidates for NDCs. This is because exosomes have better organotropism, homing capacity, cellular uptake, and cargo release ability than synthetic NDCs. In addition, exosomes can serve as NDCs for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drugs. Thus, this review aimed to summarize the latest advances in cell-free therapy, describing how the exosomes can contribute to each step of the carcinogenesis process and discussing how these nanosized vesicles could be explored as nano-drug carriers for chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pinheiro Araldi
- Genetics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.A.D.); (V.R.d.C.); (A.L.A.); (M.R.T.)
- Structural and Functional Biology Post-Graduation Program, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo Federal University (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
- BioDecision Analytics Ltd.a., São Paulo 13271-650, SP, Brazil;
| | - Denis Adrián Delvalle
- Genetics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.A.D.); (V.R.d.C.); (A.L.A.); (M.R.T.)
- Structural and Functional Biology Post-Graduation Program, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo Federal University (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rodrigues da Costa
- Genetics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.A.D.); (V.R.d.C.); (A.L.A.); (M.R.T.)
- Structural and Functional Biology Post-Graduation Program, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo Federal University (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Lucas Alievi
- Genetics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.A.D.); (V.R.d.C.); (A.L.A.); (M.R.T.)
- Endocrinology and Metabology Post-Graduation Program, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo Federal University (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - Michelli Ramires Teixeira
- Genetics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.A.D.); (V.R.d.C.); (A.L.A.); (M.R.T.)
- Endocrinology and Metabology Post-Graduation Program, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo Federal University (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Irina Kerkis
- Genetics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.A.D.); (V.R.d.C.); (A.L.A.); (M.R.T.)
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Guo Y, Shen R, Yang K, Wang Y, Song H, Liu X, Cheng X, Wu R, Song Y, Wang D. RNF8 enhances the sensitivity of PD-L1 inhibitor against melanoma through ubiquitination of galectin-3 in stroma. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:205. [PMID: 37391451 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure of melanoma immunotherapy can be mediated by immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and insufficient activation of effector T cells against the tumor. Here, we show that inhibition of galectin-3 (gal-3) enhances the infiltration of T cells in TME and improves the sensitivity of anti-PD-L1 therapy. We identify that RNF8 downregulated the expression of gal-3 by K48-polyubiquitination and promoted gal-3 degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. RNF8 deficiency in the host but sufficiency in implanted melanoma results in immune exclusion and tumor progression due to the upregulation of gal-3. Upregulation of gal-3 decreased the immune cell infiltration by restricting IL-12 and IFN-γ. Inhibition of gal-3 reverses immunosuppression and induces immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, gal-3 inhibitor treatment can increase the sensitivity of PD-L1 inhibitors via increasing immune cell infiltration and enhancing immune response in tumors. This study reveals a previously unrecognized immunoregulation function of RNF8 and provides a promising strategy for the therapy of "cold" tumors. Tremendous effects of melanoma treatment can be achieved by facilitating immune cell infiltration combined with anti-PD-L1 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Rong Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Keren Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Haoyun Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Xiangwen Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Rile Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Yanfeng Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Degui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of diagnosis and therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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9
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Goncharova EA, Kudryashova TV, Pullamsetti SS. Too hot? Too cold? Wnt signalling in pulmonary arterial hypertension: can we treat it "just right"? Eur Respir J 2023; 61:2300504. [PMID: 37290809 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00504-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Goncharova
- Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tatiana V Kudryashova
- Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), DZL, Justus Liebig University, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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10
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Aslanis V, Slack RJ, MacKinnon AC, McClinton C, Tantawi S, Gravelle L, Nilsson UJ, Leffler H, Brooks A, Khindri SK, Marshall RP, Pedersen A, Schambye H, Zetterberg F. Safety and pharmacokinetics of GB1211, an oral galectin-3 inhibitor: a single- and multiple-dose first-in-human study in healthy participants. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 91:267-280. [PMID: 36914828 PMCID: PMC10010643 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin, plays a key role in several cellular pathways involved in chronic inflammation, heart disease and cancer. GB1211 is an orally bioavailable galectin-3 inhibitor, developed to be systemically active. We report safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of GB1211 in healthy participants. METHODS This phase 1, double-blind, placebo-controlled, first-in-human study (NCT03809052) included a single ascending-dose phase (with a food-effect cohort) where participants across seven sequential cohorts were randomized 3:1 to receive oral GB1211 (5, 20, 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg) or placebo. In the multiple ascending-dose phase, participants received 50 or 100 mg GB1211 or placebo twice daily for 10 days. All doses were administered in the fasted state except in the food-effect cohort where doses were given 30 min after a high-fat meal. RESULTS All 78 participants received at least one GB1211 dose (n = 58) or placebo (n = 20) and completed the study. No safety concerns were identified. Following single and multiple oral doses under fasted conditions, maximum GB1211 plasma concentrations were reached at 1.75-4 h (median) post-dose; mean half-life was 11-16 h. There was a ~ twofold GB1211 accumulation in plasma with multiple dosing, with steady-state reached within 3 days; 30% of the administered dose was excreted in urine as unchanged drug. Absorption in the fed state was delayed by 2 h but systemic exposure was unaffected. CONCLUSION GB1211 was well tolerated, rapidly absorbed, and displayed favorable PK, indicating a potential to treat multiple disease types. These findings support further clinical development of GB1211. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT03809052).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
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11
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Targeting galectin-driven regulatory circuits in cancer and fibrosis. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:295-316. [PMID: 36759557 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of endogenous glycan-binding proteins that have crucial roles in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. As a group, these proteins use both extracellular and intracellular mechanisms as well as glycan-dependent and independent pathways to reprogramme the fate and function of numerous cell types. Given their multifunctional roles in both tissue fibrosis and cancer, galectins have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for these disorders. Here, we focus on the therapeutic relevance of galectins, particularly galectin 1 (GAL1), GAL3 and GAL9 to tumour progression and fibrotic diseases. We consider an array of galectin-targeted strategies, including small-molecule carbohydrate inhibitors, natural polysaccharides and their derivatives, peptides, peptidomimetics and biological agents (notably, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and truncated galectins) and discuss their mechanisms of action, selectivity and therapeutic potential in preclinical models of fibrosis and cancer. We also review the results of clinical trials that aim to evaluate the efficacy of galectin inhibitors in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cancer. The rapid pace of glycobiology research, combined with the acute need for drugs to alleviate fibrotic inflammation and overcome resistance to anticancer therapies, will accelerate the translation of anti-galectin therapeutics into clinical practice.
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Intracellular galectin-3 is a lipopolysaccharide sensor that promotes glycolysis through mTORC1 activation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7578. [PMID: 36481721 PMCID: PMC9732310 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
How the carbohydrate binding protein galectin-3 might act as a diabetogenic and tumorogenic factor remains to be investigated. Here we report that intracellular galectin-3 interacts with Rag GTPases and Ragulator on lysosomes. We show that galectin-3 senses lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to facilitate the interaction of Rag GTPases and Ragulator, leading to the activation of mTORC1. We find that the lipopolysaccharide/galectin-3-Rag GTPases/Ragulator-mTORC1 axis regulates a cohort of genes including GLUT1, and HK2, and PKM2 that are critically involved in glucose uptake and glycolysis. Indeed, galectin-3 deficiency severely compromises LPS-promoted glycolysis. Importantly, the expression of HK2 is significantly reduced in diabetes patients. In multiple types of cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), galectin-3 is highly expressed, and its level of expression is positively correlated with that of HK2 and PKM2 and negatively correlated with the prognosis of HCC patients. Our study unravels that galectin-3 is a sensor of LPS, an important modulator of the mTORC1 signaling, and a critical regulator of glucose metabolism.
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Lau LS, Mohammed NBB, Dimitroff CJ. Decoding Strategies to Evade Immunoregulators Galectin-1, -3, and -9 and Their Ligands as Novel Therapeutics in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15554. [PMID: 36555198 PMCID: PMC9778980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of ß-galactoside-binding proteins that play a variety of roles in normal physiology. In cancer, their expression levels are typically elevated and often associated with poor prognosis. They are known to fuel a variety of cancer progression pathways through their glycan-binding interactions with cancer, stromal, and immune cell surfaces. Of the 15 galectins in mammals, galectin (Gal)-1, -3, and -9 are particularly notable for their critical roles in tumor immune escape. While these galectins play integral roles in promoting cancer progression, they are also instrumental in regulating the survival, differentiation, and function of anti-tumor T cells that compromise anti-tumor immunity and weaken novel immunotherapies. To this end, there has been a surge in the development of new strategies to inhibit their pro-malignancy characteristics, particularly in reversing tumor immunosuppression through galectin-glycan ligand-targeting methods. This review examines some new approaches to evading Gal-1, -3, and -9-ligand interactions to interfere with their tumor-promoting and immunoregulating activities. Whether using neutralizing antibodies, synthetic peptides, glyco-metabolic modifiers, competitive inhibitors, vaccines, gene editing, exo-glycan modification, or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, these methods offer new hope of synergizing their inhibitory effects with current immunotherapeutic methods and yielding highly effective, durable responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Seng Lau
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Norhan B. B. Mohammed
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Charles J. Dimitroff
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Ruxolitinib enhances cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of temozolomide on glioblastoma cells by regulating WNT signaling pathway-related genes. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:37. [PMID: 36460932 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Although temozolomide is the primary chemotherapeutic agent in glioblastoma, current studies have focused on its combinational applications to overcome resistance by targeting multiple pathways. JAK/STAT and WNT are among the essential cancer-related signaling pathways. Ruxolitinib, the first approved JAK1/2 inhibitor, has promise in glioblastoma with its blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing ability. The mentioned study aims to evaluate the anti-cancer potential of ruxolitinib individually and in combination with temozolomide on glioblastoma cells, brain cancer stem cells (BCSCs), and BBB-forming healthy cells. It also intends to determine the effects of JAK inhibitor treatment in combination with temozolomide on WNT signaling, which is known to cross-talk with the JAK/STAT pathway. The U87MG, BCSC, and HBMEC cell lines were the in vitro models. The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of ruxolitinib and the combination were determined by the WST-1 test and Annexin V assay, respectively. The expression level changes of WNT signaling pathway genes caused by ruxolitinib and the combination treatments were defined by the qRT-PCR method. Network analysis of significantly upregulated and downregulated genes was performed via the GO KEGG pathway enrichment module of the String V11.5 database. The IC50 value of the ruxolitinib on U87MG glioblastoma cells was determined as 94.07 µM at 24th h. The combination of temozolomide and ruxolitinib had a synergistic effect on U87MG cells at 24th h. The combination index (CI) was determined as 0.796, and ED60 values of ruxolitinib and temozolomide were determined as 89.75 and 391.48 µM, respectively. Ruxolitinib improves the apoptotic effect of temozolomide on glioblastoma cells and brain cancer stem cells. Ruxolitinib regulates the WNT signaling pathway both individually and in combination with temozolomide. Our study indicates the potential of ruxolitinib to increase the cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of temozolomide in glioblastoma cells, also considering CSCs and healthy BBB-forming cells. As supported by gene expression and network analyses, the BBB-crossing agent ruxolitinib promises the potential to increase the efficacy of temozolomide in glioblastoma by affecting multiple signaling pathways in both cancer cells and CSCs.
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Gao D, Asghar S, Hu R, Chen S, Niu R, Liu J, Chen Z, Xiao Y. Recent advances in diverse nanosystems for nitric oxide delivery in cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1498-1521. [PMID: 37139410 PMCID: PMC10149905 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gas therapy has been proven to be a promising and advantageous treatment option for cancers. Studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) is one of the smallest structurally significant gas molecules with great potential to suppress cancer. However, there is controversy and concern about its use as it exhibits the opposite physiological effects based on its levels in the tumor. Therefore, the anti-cancer mechanism of NO is the key to cancer treatment, and rationally designed NO delivery systems are crucial to the success of NO biomedical applications. This review summarizes the endogenous production of NO, its physiological mechanisms of action, the application of NO in cancer treatment, and nano-delivery systems for delivering NO donors. Moreover, it briefly reviews challenges in delivering NO from different nanoparticles and the issues associated with its combination treatment strategies. The advantages and challenges of various NO delivery platforms are recapitulated for possible transformation into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sajid Asghar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rongfeng Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruixin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin 214499, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 510 86700000 (Jia Liu); +86 25 85811050 (Zhipeng Chen); +86 25 83271079 (Yanyu Xiao).
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 510 86700000 (Jia Liu); +86 25 85811050 (Zhipeng Chen); +86 25 83271079 (Yanyu Xiao).
| | - Yanyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 510 86700000 (Jia Liu); +86 25 85811050 (Zhipeng Chen); +86 25 83271079 (Yanyu Xiao).
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Xu M, Song B, Yang X, Li N. The combination of decitabine and aspirin inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221112024. [PMID: 35869624 PMCID: PMC9315258 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221112024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Combination therapy has become the hallmark of lung cancer treatment, as it reduces the
dosage intensity of individual drugs while increasing their efficacy. In the current
study, we analyzed the combinatorial effect of decitabine and aspirin on non-small cell
lung cancer (NSCLC) cell growth. Methods In this study, we investigated the combinatorial effect of decitabine and aspirin by
MTT, colony formation, and Transwell assays. We also explored the underlying molecular
mechanism via a series of in vitro and in
vivo experiments. Results The combination of decitabine and aspirin regulated cell viability and migration
in vitro. Moreover, the combination therapy suppressed tumor cell
growth by inhibiting the β-catenin/STAT3 signaling pathway. Our study also found that
the regimen increased the phosphorylation of β-catenin and decreased the expression of
STAT3 and β-catenin. Conclusion The combined administration of decitabine and aspirin significantly reduced tumor
growth compared with single-agent treatment and the control in vivo.
The study results indicated that decitabine and aspirin could suppress NSCLC cell growth
and metastasis via the β-catenin/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyi Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing (The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University), Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Binbin Song
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing (The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University), Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xinmei Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing (The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University), Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pathology, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
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