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Sadeghi H, Alizadeh A, Vafaie M, Maleki MR, Khoei SG. An estimation of global Aeromonas infection prevalence in children with diarrhoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:254. [PMID: 37217902 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diarrhoea is the most commonly related disease caused by Aeromonas. To improve knowledge on prevalence, this systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the global prevalence of Aeromonas in children with diarrhoea worldwide. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Google scholar, Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect, and Web of sciences to identify all cross-sectional published papers between 2000 and 10 July 2022. After initial scrutinizing, 31 papers reporting the prevalence of Aeromonas in children with diarrhoea were found to be adequate for meta-analysis. The statistical study was accompanied by using random effects models. RESULTS A total of 5660 identified papers, 31 cross-sectional studies encompassing 38,663 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of Aeromonas in children with diarrhoea worldwide was 4.2% (95% CI 3.1-5.6%). In the subgroup analysis, the highest prevalence was seen among children in Upper middle-income countries with pooled prevalence of 5.1% (95% CI 2.8-9.2%). The prevalence of Aeromonas in children with diarrhoea was higher in countries with populations of over 100 million people (9.4%; 95% CI 5.6-15.3%), and water and sanitation quality score of less than 25% (8.8%; 95% CI 5.2-14.4%). Additionally, Cumulative Forest Plot showed a decreasing trend in the prevalence of Aeromonas infection in children with diarrhoea over time (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed a better comprehension of Aeromonas prevalence in children with diarrhoea on a global scale. As well as our findings showed that much work is still required to decline the burden of bacterial diarrhoea in countries with high populations, low-level income, and unsanitary water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sadeghi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ahad Alizadeh
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Majid Vafaie
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Qods Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Maleki
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Kowsar Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Kowsar Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Benitez-Bolivar P, Rondón S, Ortiz M, Díaz-Díaz J, León C, Riveros J, Molina H, González C. Morphological and molecular characterization of the parasite Dipylidium caninum infecting an infant in Colombia: a case report. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:463. [PMID: 36514137 PMCID: PMC9746177 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dipylidium caninum is the causal agent of dipylidiasis affecting mainly cats and dogs worldwide. Human cases of dipylidiasis are rare, and the diagnosis is prevalently based on morphological features of the parasite. Here we report the diagnosis of dipylidiasis through morphological and molecular characterization of D. caninum infecting an 11-month-old boy in Cajicá, Colombia. METHODS Fresh faecal samples were obtained from the infant, and morphological identification of the parasite was performed through faecal smears. DNA was extracted from proglottids and used in PCR analyses for amplification of a 653-bp fragment of the nuclear ribosomal RNA (rRNA) encoding the 28S rRNA gene. A phylogeny study to better characterize the obtained DNA sequence was inferred using the maximum likelihood method and the Tamura-Nei model. RESULTS After morphological and molecular analyses, D. caninum was identified as the etiological agent causing the infection in the infant. Results of phylogenetical analyses showed that the obtained sequence clusters within the feline genotype clade. After the diagnosis of the parasite, effective treatment with praziquantel was administered to the infant. CONCLUSIONS This is the third human case of dipylidiasis reported in Colombia, and the first study in South America to provide a molecular identification of D. caninum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Benitez-Bolivar
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología Y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 N° 18A-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Silvia Rondón
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología Y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 N° 18A-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mario Ortiz
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología Y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 N° 18A-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juana Díaz-Díaz
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología Y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 N° 18A-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cielo León
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología Y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 N° 18A-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Riveros
- Unidad de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Juan Pablo Riveros SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Helverth Molina
- Unidad de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Juan Pablo Riveros SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camila González
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología Y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 N° 18A-12, Bogotá, Colombia
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Jørgensen HJ, Valheim M, Sekse C, Bergsjø BA, Wisløff H, Nørstebø SF, Skancke E, Lagesen K, Haaland AH, Rodriguez-Campos S, Sjurseth SK, Hofshagen M, Jarp J, Tronerud OH, Johannessen GS, Heggelund M, Rygg S, Christensen E, Boye M, Gjerset B, Sandvik M, Soltvedt EM, Wolff C. An Official Outbreak Investigation of Acute Haemorrhagic Diarrhoea in Dogs in Norway Points to Providencia alcalifaciens as a Likely Cause. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3201. [PMID: 34827932 PMCID: PMC8614335 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak investigation was initiated in September 2019, following a notification to the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) of an unusually high number of dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea (AHD) in Oslo. Diagnostic testing by reporting veterinarians had not detected a cause. The official investigation sought to identify a possible common cause, the extent of the outbreak and prevent spread. Epidemiological data were collected through a survey to veterinarians and interviews with dog owners. Diagnostic investigations included necropsies and microbiological, parasitological and toxicological analysis of faecal samples and food. In total, 511 dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea were registered between 1 August and 1 October. Results indicated a common point source for affected dogs, but were inconclusive with regard to common exposures. A notable finding was that 134 of 325 faecal samples (41%) cultured positive for Providencia alcalifaciens. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 75 P. alcalifaciens isolates from 73 dogs revealed that strains from 51 dogs belonged to the same WGS clone. Findings point to P. alcalifaciens as implicated in the outbreak, but investigations are needed to reveal the pathogenic potential of P. alcalifaciens in dogs and its epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Joan Jørgensen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PB 64, 1431 Ås, Norway; (M.V.); (C.S.); (B.A.B.); (H.W.); (K.L.); (S.K.S.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (G.S.J.); (E.C.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Mette Valheim
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PB 64, 1431 Ås, Norway; (M.V.); (C.S.); (B.A.B.); (H.W.); (K.L.); (S.K.S.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (G.S.J.); (E.C.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Camilla Sekse
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PB 64, 1431 Ås, Norway; (M.V.); (C.S.); (B.A.B.); (H.W.); (K.L.); (S.K.S.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (G.S.J.); (E.C.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Bjarne Asbjørn Bergsjø
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PB 64, 1431 Ås, Norway; (M.V.); (C.S.); (B.A.B.); (H.W.); (K.L.); (S.K.S.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (G.S.J.); (E.C.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Helene Wisløff
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PB 64, 1431 Ås, Norway; (M.V.); (C.S.); (B.A.B.); (H.W.); (K.L.); (S.K.S.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (G.S.J.); (E.C.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Simen Foyn Nørstebø
- Bacteriology and Mycology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PB 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (S.F.N.); (S.R.-C.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Ellen Skancke
- University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PB 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (E.S.); (A.H.H.)
| | - Karin Lagesen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PB 64, 1431 Ås, Norway; (M.V.); (C.S.); (B.A.B.); (H.W.); (K.L.); (S.K.S.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (G.S.J.); (E.C.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Anita Haug Haaland
- University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PB 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (E.S.); (A.H.H.)
| | - Sabrina Rodriguez-Campos
- Bacteriology and Mycology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PB 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (S.F.N.); (S.R.-C.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Siri Kulberg Sjurseth
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PB 64, 1431 Ås, Norway; (M.V.); (C.S.); (B.A.B.); (H.W.); (K.L.); (S.K.S.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (G.S.J.); (E.C.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Merete Hofshagen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PB 64, 1431 Ås, Norway; (M.V.); (C.S.); (B.A.B.); (H.W.); (K.L.); (S.K.S.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (G.S.J.); (E.C.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Jorun Jarp
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PB 64, 1431 Ås, Norway; (M.V.); (C.S.); (B.A.B.); (H.W.); (K.L.); (S.K.S.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (G.S.J.); (E.C.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (C.W.)
| | | | - Gro Skøien Johannessen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PB 64, 1431 Ås, Norway; (M.V.); (C.S.); (B.A.B.); (H.W.); (K.L.); (S.K.S.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (G.S.J.); (E.C.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (C.W.)
| | | | - Sasja Rygg
- Anicura Norway, Hoffsveien 70c, 0377 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Ellen Christensen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PB 64, 1431 Ås, Norway; (M.V.); (C.S.); (B.A.B.); (H.W.); (K.L.); (S.K.S.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (G.S.J.); (E.C.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Mette Boye
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PB 64, 1431 Ås, Norway; (M.V.); (C.S.); (B.A.B.); (H.W.); (K.L.); (S.K.S.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (G.S.J.); (E.C.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Britt Gjerset
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PB 64, 1431 Ås, Norway; (M.V.); (C.S.); (B.A.B.); (H.W.); (K.L.); (S.K.S.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (G.S.J.); (E.C.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Morten Sandvik
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PB 64, 1431 Ås, Norway; (M.V.); (C.S.); (B.A.B.); (H.W.); (K.L.); (S.K.S.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (G.S.J.); (E.C.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Eiril Moen Soltvedt
- Bacteriology and Mycology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PB 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (S.F.N.); (S.R.-C.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Cecilia Wolff
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PB 64, 1431 Ås, Norway; (M.V.); (C.S.); (B.A.B.); (H.W.); (K.L.); (S.K.S.); (M.H.); (J.J.); (G.S.J.); (E.C.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (C.W.)
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da Silva RKM, Dib LV, Amendoeira MR, Class CC, Pinheiro JL, Fonseca ABM, Barbosa ADS. Balantidiasis in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Trop 2021; 223:106069. [PMID: 34339668 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Balantioides coli is a protozoan that infects different hosts species, including humans, with zoonotic transmission. The parasite, which lives in the large intestine and in other organs, can lead to serious infections that may culminate in death. Information about human balantidiasis is generally still very scanty. In view of the above, the purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of human balantidiasis based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. The scientific articles were retrieved from various databases and were subjected to descriptive analyses, chi-squared tests, and summarized on a forest plot and the heterogeneity index (I2). A total of 103 articles were eligible and included in this review. Out of these 103 articles, 75 were clinical case reports and 28 were epidemiological studies, indicating a frequency of 997 (3.98%) people potentially infected with B. coli. The publication dates of the analyzed articles ranged from 1910 to 2020, but the majority (68.9%) were published between 1998 and 2020. A considerable number of these articles were published in South America and Asia, mostly in Brazil and India, respectively. However, in Africa, Ethiopia, was observed the higher number of infected people (47.5%). A significant association (p < 0.05) was identified between proximity to pigs and positivity for B. coli, since more than 16% infected people were in proximity with pigs and/or their excreta. Infection by the protozoan was classified mainly as intestinal, and the predominant symptom was dysentery. Extraintestinal infections were found in 27 individuals, with colonization of the genitourinary tract frequently highlighted. Direct examination (17.2%), followed by an association of direct examination and sedimentation (45.7%), were the most commonly performed parasitological techniques, and the most frequently diagnosed form was trophozoites, corresponding to 22.5% of cases. The most common treatment for parasitized individuals (11.8%) was an association of tetracycline drugs with nitroimidazole derivatives. The articles retrieved, mainly epidemiological ones, used in meta-analysis showed high heterogeneity (I2> 50%, p < 0.05), impairing the retrieval and comparison of results. Some articles were found to provide incomplete information, making it difficult to retrieve and analyze variables. However, this review enabled us to compile and restate factors that appear to be associated with cases of human balantidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayana Katylin Mendes da Silva
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani de Mello Street, 101, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Laís Verdan Dib
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani de Mello Street, 101, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-130, Brazil; Toxoplasmosis and other Protozoosis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foudation, Brazil Avenue, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Regina Amendoeira
- Toxoplasmosis and other Protozoosis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foudation, Brazil Avenue, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Carvalho Class
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani de Mello Street, 101, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Jessica Lima Pinheiro
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani de Mello Street, 101, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Monteiro Fonseca
- Department of Statistics, Federal Fluminense University, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Professor Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis Street s / n, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-200, Brazil.
| | - Alynne da Silva Barbosa
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani de Mello Street, 101, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-130, Brazil; Toxoplasmosis and other Protozoosis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foudation, Brazil Avenue, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil.
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Giardiasis in Colombia: a Review of the Current Knowledge. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-018-0152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Velasquez DE, Parashar U, Jiang B. Decreased performance of live attenuated, oral rotavirus vaccines in low-income settings: causes and contributing factors. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 17:145-161. [PMID: 29252042 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1418665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous studies have shown that the oral rotavirus vaccines are less effective in infants born in low income countries compared to those born in developed countries. Identifying the specific factors in developing countries that decrease and/or compromise the protection that rotavirus vaccines offer, could lead to a path for designing new strategies for the vaccines' improvement. AREAS COVERED We accessed PubMed to identify rotavirus vaccine performance studies (i.e., efficacy, effectiveness and immunogenicity) and correlated performance with several risk factors. Here, we review the factors that might contribute to the low vaccine efficacy, including passive transfer of maternal rotavirus antibodies, rotavirus seasonality, oral polio vaccine (OPV) administered concurrently, microbiome composition and concomitant enteric pathogens, malnutrition, environmental enteropathy, HIV, and histo blood group antigens. EXPERT COMMENTARY We highlight two major factors that compromise rotavirus vaccines' efficacy: the passive transfer of rotavirus IgG antibodies to infants and the co-administration of rotavirus vaccines with OPV. We also identify other potential risk factors that require further research because the data about their interference with the efficacy of rotavirus vaccines are inconclusive and at times conflicting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Velasquez
- a Division of Viral Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Umesh Parashar
- a Division of Viral Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Baoming Jiang
- a Division of Viral Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
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García-Rubio VG, Bautista-Gómez LG, Martínez-Castañeda JS, Romero-Núñez C. Multicausal etiology of the enteric syndrome in rabbits from Mexico. Rev Argent Microbiol 2017; 49:132-138. [PMID: 28431785 PMCID: PMC7117011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteropathies in rabbits are difficult to diagnose; their etiology involves pathogens that act synergistically, causing damage to the intestine. The aim of the present study was isolate enteric pathogens from rabbits in Mexico. Using parasitological, bacteriological and molecular analyses, we screened 58 samples of the intestinal content of rabbits having a clinical history of enteric disease from the southeastern part of the State of Mexico. Out of the 58 samples analyzed, a total of 86 identifications were made, Eimeria spp. were found in 77.5%, followed by Aeromonas spp. in 15.5% and Escherichia coli in 8.6%, which were identified as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and the presence of the following agents was also confirmed: Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Mannheimia spp. and Rotavirus. The concurrent presence of Eimeria spp. with Aeromonas was frequent (15.5%); there was statistical significance for the presence of an association between the clinical profiles and Eimeria spp. (p=0.000), Mannheimia spp. (p=0.001), Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. (p=0.006).
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia G García-Rubio
- Centro Universitario UAEM Amecameca, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 2.5 Carretera Amecameca-Ayapango, C.P. 56900 Amecameca, Estado de México, México
| | - Linda G Bautista-Gómez
- Centro Universitario UAEM Amecameca, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 2.5 Carretera Amecameca-Ayapango, C.P. 56900 Amecameca, Estado de México, México.
| | - José S Martínez-Castañeda
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Carretera de Cuota Toluca-Atlacomulco km 15.5, C.P. 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Camilo Romero-Núñez
- Centro Universitario UAEM Amecameca, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 2.5 Carretera Amecameca-Ayapango, C.P. 56900 Amecameca, Estado de México, México
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Gómez-Duarte OG. [Acute diarrheal disease caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in Colombia]. Rev Chilena Infectol 2015; 31:577-86. [PMID: 25491457 DOI: 10.4067/s0716-10182014000500010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal Escherichia coli pathogens are leading causes of acute diarrheal disease in children less than 5 years in Latin America, Africa and Asia and a leading cause of death in children living in poorest communities in Africa and South East Asia. Studies on the role of E. coli pathogens in childhood diarrhea in Colombia and other countries in Latin America are limited due to the lack of detection assays in clinical laboratories at the main urban medical centers. Recent studies report that enterotoxigenic E. coli is the most common E. coli pathogens associated with diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age. Other E. coli pathotypes have been detected in children with diarrhea including enteropathogenic, enteroaggregative, shiga-toxin producing and diffusely adherent E. coli. It was also found that meat and vegetables at retail stores are contaminated with Shiga-toxin producing E. coli and enteroaggregative E. coli, suggesting that food products are involved in transmission and infection of the susceptible host. More studies are necessary to evaluate the mechanisms of transmission, the impact on the epidemiology of diarrheal disease, and management strategies and prevention of these pathogens affecting the pediatric population in Colombia.
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Premkumar PS, Parashar UD, Gastanaduy PA, McCracken JP, de Oliveira LH, Payne DC, Patel MM, Tate JE, Lopman BA. Reduced rotavirus vaccine effectiveness among children born during the rotavirus season: a pooled analysis of 5 case-control studies from the Americas. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 60:1075-8. [PMID: 25452592 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using data from rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies, we assessed whether rotavirus season modifies rotavirus VE in infants. In the first year of life, adjusted VE was 72% for children born during rotavirus season and 84% for children born in other months (P = .01). Seasonal factors may interfere with vaccine performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna S Premkumar
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Umesh D Parashar
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Paul A Gastanaduy
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John P McCracken
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City
| | | | - Daniel C Payne
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Manish M Patel
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jacqueline E Tate
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ben A Lopman
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Saboyá MI, Catalá L, Nicholls RS, Ault SK. Update on the mapping of prevalence and intensity of infection for soil-transmitted helminth infections in Latin America and the Caribbean: a call for action. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2419. [PMID: 24069476 PMCID: PMC3777864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) at least 13.9 million preschool age and 35.4 million school age children are at risk of infections by soil-transmitted helminths (STH): Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale). Although infections caused by this group of parasites are associated with chronic deleterious effects on nutrition and growth, iron and vitamin A status and cognitive development in children, few countries in the LAC Region have implemented nationwide surveys on prevalence and intensity of infection. The aim of this study was to identify gaps on the mapping of prevalence and intensity of STH infections based on data published between 2000 and 2010 in LAC, and to call for including mapping as part of action plans against these infections. A total of 335 published data points for STH prevalence were found for 18 countries (11.9% data points for preschool age children, 56.7% for school age children and 31.3% for children from 1 to 14 years of age). We found that 62.7% of data points showed prevalence levels above 20%. Data on the intensity of infection were found for seven countries. The analysis also highlights that there is still an important lack of data on prevalence and intensity of infection to determine the burden of disease based on epidemiological surveys, particularly among preschool age children. This situation is a challenge for LAC given that adequate planning of interventions such as deworming requires information on prevalence to determine the frequency of needed anthelmintic drug administration and to conduct monitoring and evaluation of progress in drug coverage. Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are part of the group of neglected infectious diseases (NID) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), and are associated with several adverse chronic effects on child health. Although control interventions such as periodic administration of anthelmintic drugs, health education, improved access to safe water and sanitation, among others, are acknowledged to be an important means to reduce morbidity and to achieve control, epidemiological information on prevalence status is lacking at the lowest sub-national administrative levels (municipalities, districts or provinces) in many countries thus hindering decision making regarding not only the treatment, but also the monitoring of progress in deworming coverage, the assessment of epidemiological impact on parasite prevalence and load and, therefore, the achievement of the overall public health goals. Epidemiological surveys can be expensive and require time and effort for their implementation, which could explain the low number of studies published with data on prevalence and intensity of infection in the Americas. The use of alternative methodologies, for instance those based on geographical information systems and remote sensing technologies, or of sentinel surveillance in schools may help countries in the task of collecting information and support the implementation of integrated control programs against STH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Idalí Saboyá
- Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura Catalá
- Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Rubén Santiago Nicholls
- Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Steven Kenyon Ault
- Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
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11
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Elhag WI, Saeed HA, Omer EFE, Ali AS. Prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus associated with diarrhea among displaced communities in Khartoum, Sudan. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:209. [PMID: 23657114 PMCID: PMC3655852 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrheal diseases represent a major worldwide public health problem particularly in developing countries. Each year, at least four million children under five years of age die from diarrhea. Rotavirus, enteric adenovirus and some bacterial species are the most common identified infectious agents responsible for diarrhea in young children worldwide. This study was conducted to determine prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus associated with diarrhea among displaced communities in Khartoum state, Sudan. METHODS A total of seven hundred and ten patients, children and adults, suffering from diarrhea were examined. The clinical history, socio-demographic characteristics, physical examination findings and laboratory investigations were recorded. Stool samples or rectal swabs were collected and tested for rotavirus and adenovirus antigens using the immuno-chromatography test (ICT). Characterization of the identified Rotaviruses, as a major cause of diarrhea, was then made using real time-reverse transcription PCR. To make the study legal, an ethical clearance was obtained from Sudan Ministry of health- Research Ethical Committee. Written consent was taken from adult subjects, and also from children mothers.The participants were informed using simple language about the infection, aim of the research and the benefits of the study. RESULTS Out of the 710 patients, viral pathogens were detected in only 99 cases (13.9%). Of the 99 cases of viral diarrhea, 83 (83.8%) were due to rotaviruses while 16 (16.2%) attributed to adenovirus. Of the 83 rotaviruses identified, 42 were characterized by RT-PCR, of these 40 (95.2%) were proved as type A (VP6), and 2 (4.8%) type C (VP7). Type C (VP7) rotavirus was detected in samples collected from children under 5 years only. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, most cases of viral diarrhea are found to be caused by rotavirus especially among children less than five years. Most of the identified rotavirus belonged to type A (VP6).It was also evident that most patients are those who drank untreated water obtained from donkey carts source and who had no access to latrines, and lived in poor environmental conditions would acquire diarrheal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa I Elhag
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.
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12
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Bhavnani D, Goldstick JE, Cevallos W, Trueba G, Eisenberg JNS. Synergistic effects between rotavirus and coinfecting pathogens on diarrheal disease: evidence from a community-based study in northwestern Ecuador. Am J Epidemiol 2012; 176:387-95. [PMID: 22842722 PMCID: PMC3499114 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In developing countries where diarrheal disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years of age, enteric coinfection is common. There is little understanding, however, of the biologic interaction between coinfecting pathogens. The authors investigated the potential for synergistic interaction between coinfecting pathogens on diarrhea pathogenesis using an epidemiologic framework. They conducted community-based, case-control studies in 22 communities in northwestern Ecuador between 2003 and 2008. Risk ratios of diarrhea associated with single infections and coinfections were estimated. Interaction between coinfecting pathogens was assessed through departure from risk ratio additivity and multiplicativity after adjustment for age. On the additive scale, the authors found departure from the null value of 0 for rotavirus-Giardia coinfections (interaction contrast ratio = 8.0, 95% confidence interval: 3.1, 18.9) and for rotavirus-Escherichia coli coinfections (interaction contrast ratio = 9.9, 95% confidence interval: 2.6, 28.4). On the multiplicative scale, they found departure from the value of 1 for rotavirus-Giardia coinfections (multiplicative interaction = 3.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.3, 8.7). This research provides epidemiologic evidence for synergism between rotavirus and other enteric pathogens. During coinfection, the pathogenic potential of each organism appears to be enhanced. The potential for pathogenesis to be more severe in the presence of a rotavirus coinfection amplifies the need for rotavirus vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joseph N. S. Eisenberg
- Correspondence to Dr. Joseph N. S. Eisenberg, M5065 SPH II, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 (e-mail: )
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13
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Linhares AC, Stupka JA, Ciapponi A, Bardach AE, Glujovsky D, Aruj PK, Mazzoni A, Rodriguez JAB, Rearte A, Lanzieri TM, Ortega-Barria E, Colindres R. Burden and typing of rotavirus group A in Latin America and the Caribbean: systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol 2011; 21:89-109. [PMID: 21384462 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of licensed rotavirus vaccines has only been shown against certain rotavirus group A (RV-A) types. It is critical to understand the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) and its prevalent types to assess the potential impact of these vaccines in Latin America and the Caribbean (LA&C). We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses of all the available evidence reported from 1990 to 2009 on the burden of rotavirus disease and strains circulating in LA&C. Eligible studies--185 country-level reports, 174 951 faecal samples--were selected from MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, LILACS, regional Ministries of Health, PAHO, regional proceedings, doctoral theses, reference lists of included studies and consulting experts. Arc-sine transformations and DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model were used for meta-analyses. The proportion of gastroenteritis cases due to rotavirus was 24.3% (95%CI 22.3-26.4) and the incidence of RVGE was 170 per 1000 children-years (95%CI 130-210). We estimated a global annual mortality for 22 countries of 88.2 (95%CI 79.3-97.1) deaths per 100 000 under 5 years (47 000 deaths).The most common G type detected was G1 (34.2%), followed by G9 (14.6%), and G2 (14.4%). The most common P types detected were P[8] (56.2%), P[4] (22.1%) and P[1] 5.4%, and the most prevalent P-G type associations were P[8]G1 17.9%, P[4]G2 9.1% and P[8]G9 8.8%. In the last 10 years, G9 circulation increased remarkably and G5 almost disappeared. More recently, G12 appeared and P[4]G2 re-emerged. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis of rotavirus infection and burden of disease in LA&C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre C Linhares
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Virology Section. Belém, Brazil.
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De la Hoz F, Alvis N, Narváez J, Cediel N, Gamboa O, Velandia M. Potential epidemiological and economical impact of two rotavirus vaccines in Colombia. Vaccine 2010; 28:3856-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Gómez-Duarte OG, Arzuza O, Urbina D, Bai J, Guerra J, Montes O, Puello M, Mendoza K, Castro GY. Detection of Escherichia coli enteropathogens by multiplex polymerase chain reaction from children's diarrheal stools in two Caribbean-Colombian cities. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:199-206. [PMID: 19839760 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute diarrheal disease is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in the developing world and Escherichia coli intestinal pathogens are important causative agents. Information on the epidemiology of E. coli intestinal pathogens and their association with diarrheal disease is limited because no diagnostic testing is available in countries with limited resources. To evaluate the prevalence of E. coli intestinal pathogens in a Caribbean-Colombian region, E. coli clinical isolates from children with diarrhea were analyzed by a recently reported two-reaction multiplex polymerase chain reaction (Gomez-Duarte et al., Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2009;63:1-9). The phylogenetic group from all E. coli isolates was also typed by a single-reaction multiplex polymerase chain reaction. We found that among 139 E. coli strains analyzed, 20 (14.4%) corresponded to E. coli diarrheagenic pathotypes. Enterotoxigenic, shiga-toxin-producing, enteroaggregative, diffuse adherent, and enteropathogenic E. coli pathotypes were detected, and most of them belonged to the phylogenetic groups A and B1, known to be associated with intestinal pathogens. This is the first report on the molecular characterization of E. coli diarrheogenic isolates in Colombia and the first report on the potential role of E. coli in childhood diarrhea in this geographic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar G Gómez-Duarte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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Bastos FC, Vaz TMI, Irino K, Guth BEC. Phenotypic characteristics, virulence profile and genetic relatedness of O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated in Brazil and other Latin American countries. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006; 265:89-97. [PMID: 17034414 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-eight Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7/H(-) strains isolated from human infections, cattle and foods in Brazil and in some other Latin American countries were compared with regard to several phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The genetic relatedness of the strains was also determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Similar biochemical behaviour was identified, regardless of the origin and country of the strains. Most (89.5%) strains were sensitive to the antimicrobial agents tested, but resistance to at least one drug was observed among bovine strains. Although a diversity of stx genotypes was identified, most (77.8%) of the human strains harboured stx(2) or stx(2)stx(2c(2vha)), whereas stx(2c(2vha)) prevailed (64.2%) among strains isolated from cattle. stx(1) and stx(1)stx(2c(2vha)) were the genotypes identified less frequently, and occurred exclusively among strains isolated from food and cattle, respectively. Despite differences in the stx genotypes, all strains carried eae-gamma, efa1, ehx, iha, lpf(O157) and toxB sequences. Many closely related subgroups (more than 80% of similarity) were identified by PFGE, and the presence of a particular O157:H7 STEC clone more related to human infections in Brazil, as well as a common origin for some strains isolated from different sources and countries in Latin America can be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia C Bastos
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862/3 andar, CEP 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Pontual JPDS, Falbo AR, Gouveia JDS. Estudo etiológico da diarréia em crianças hospitalizadas no Instituto Materno Infantil Prof. Fernando Figueira, IMIP, em Recife, Pernambuco. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE MATERNO INFANTIL 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-38292006000500002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVOS: identificar enteropatógenos nas fezes de crianças hospitalizadas com diarréia. MÉTODOS: estudo de série de casos, com a participação de 36 crianças entre zero a 60 meses, com diarréia, hospitalizadas no Instituto Materno Infantil Prof. Fernando Figueira, IMIP, no período entre janeiro e maio de 2005. Foram coletadas as variáveis sócio-demográficas, características das mães e do episódio diarréico. A pesquisa etiologica utilizou coprocultura e testes sorológicos. RESULTADOS: a maioria das crianças (80,5%) tinha menos de 12 meses. As famílias tinham precárias condições socioeconômicas e 83,4% tinha renda per capita inferior a meio salário mínimo/mês. Quanto aos microorganismos recuperados nas culturas de fezes, a E. coli enteropatogênica clássica (EPEC) apareceu em 8,4% dos casos, não havendo crescimento de Salmonella sp. ou Shiguella sp. e a Klebsiella sp. ESBL + foi isolada em 33,3% dos pacientes. As Klebsiellas apresentaram um alto perfil de resistência no antibiograma, compatível com as cepas hospitalares catalogadas na instituição. CONCLUSÕES: o estudo apresentou uma baixa taxa de recuperação de bactérias enteropatogênicas mas revelou uma prevalência de Klebsiella multirresistente, o que tem importantes implicações no risco de infecção hospitalar e persistência do episódio diarréico.
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Ferry T, Bouhour D, De Monbrison F, Laurent F, Dumouchel-Champagne H, Picot S, Piens MA, Granier P. Severe peritonitis due to Balantidium coli acquired in France. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 23:393-5. [PMID: 15112068 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-004-1126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The case reported here concerns an alcoholic pork-butcher who presented with severe colitis with peritonitis, caused by the only ciliate protozoan capable of infecting humans, Balantidium coli. This parasite is common in a variety of domestic and wild mammals, mainly pigs; however, its prevalence rate in humans is very low--particularly in industrialised, northern countries, including France. The infection is most frequently acquired by ingesting food or water contaminated by pig faeces, and it may be asymptomatic or may cause acute diarrhoea. Specific antibiotic treatment is efficacious, and it is important to consider the risk of this parasitic disease in susceptible patients presenting with bloody diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ferry
- Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital de Fleyriat, 01012 Bourg-en-Bresse, France.
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Nassir E, Awad J, Abel AB, Khoury J, Shay M, Lejbkowicz F. Blastocystis hominis as a cause of hypoalbuminemia and anasarca. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 23:399-402. [PMID: 15112065 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-004-1122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2004] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The protozoan Blastocystis hominis has been considered nonpathogenic, but this classification has come under scrutiny in light of reports in the medical literature indicating it could be the cause of intestinal disorders and, in one case, hypoalbuminemia. Reported here is a severe case of infection with B. hominis that caused acute gastroenteritis with prolonged diarrhea, hypoalbuminemia and anasarca. The diagnosis was based on the parasitological finding, since no other pathological evidence was found. The patient responded favorably to treatment with metronidazole for 10 days. This case supports the idea that B. hominis should be considered as a cause of opportunistic infection in debilitated patients despite the controversy surrounding its pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nassir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Western Galilee Hospital, Nahariya, Israel
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