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Pozo F, Borbor M, Solórzano R, Sonnenholzner S, Bayot B. Optimized swarming motility assay to identify anti-virulence products against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a pathogen of farmed shrimp. MethodsX 2024; 12:102622. [PMID: 38425495 PMCID: PMC10904179 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Swarming motility is a type of movement used by pathogenic flagellated bacteria as virulence factor to colonize surfaces and cause damage to the host. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a pathogenic flagellated bacterium that increases its virulence by switching from swimmer to swarming cells. The hosts of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus include farmed shrimp. Therefore, methods to detect and quantify this movement are important to control shrimp diseases caused by pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains. We developed an optimized swarming motility assay by identifying the most optimal type of agar, and drying time of the culture medium, agar concentration and volume of the bacterial culture to achieve the fastest swarming motility during the migration of V. parahaemolyticus on Petri dishes during a 24-hour incubation period. The method includes data analysis that could be used as a tool to identify potential anti-virulence products by comparing the slopes of the linearized diameters of the swarming halos of bacteria treated with the products, as they migrate on Petri dishes over a 24-hour incubation period. Here we report:•A simple method for detection and quantification of swarming motility halos of V. parahaemolyticus bacteria.•A method that could be used as a tool to identify potential anti-virulence products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pozo
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, FCV, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Sede Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador
| | - Martha Borbor
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador
| | - Ramiro Solórzano
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador
| | - Stanislaus Sonnenholzner
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería Marítima y Ciencias del Mar, FIMCM, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador
| | - Bonny Bayot
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería Marítima y Ciencias del Mar, FIMCM, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador
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Zhang M, Cai L, Luo X, Li X, Zhang T, Wu F, Zhang Y, Lu R. Effect of sublethal dose of chloramphenicol on biofilm formation and virulence in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1275441. [PMID: 37822746 PMCID: PMC10562556 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1275441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates are generally very sensitive to chloramphenicol. However, it is usually necessary to transfer a plasmid carrying a chloramphenicol resistance gene into V. parahaemolyticus to investigate the function of a specific gene, and the effects of chloramphenicol on bacterial physiology have not been investigated. In this work, the effects of sublethal dose of chloramphenicol on V. parahaemolyticus were investigated by combined utilization of various phenotypic assays and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The results showed that the growth rate, biofilm formation capcity, c-di-GMP synthesis, motility, cytoxicity and adherence activity of V. parahaemolyticus were remarkably downregulated by the sublethal dose of chloramphenicol. The RNA-seq data revealed that the expression levels of 650 genes were significantly differentially expressed in the response to chloramphenicol stress, including antibiotic resistance genes, major virulence genes, biofilm-associated genes and putative regulatory genes. Majority of genes involved in the synthesis of polar flagellum, exopolysaccharide (EPS), mannose-sensitive haemagglutinin type IV pilus (MSHA), type III secretion systems (T3SS1 and T3SS2) and type VI secretion system 2 (T6SS2) were downregulated by the sublethal dose of chloramphenicol. Five putative c-di-GMP metabolism genes were significantly differentially expressed, which may be the reason for the decrease in intracellular c-di-GMP levels in the response of chloramphenicol stress. In addition, 23 genes encoding putative regulators were also significantly differentially expressed, suggesting that these regulators may be involved in the resistance of V. parahaemolyticus to chloramphenicol stress. This work helps us to understand how chloramphenicol effect on the physiology of V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liyan Cai
- Physical Examination Center, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yiquan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Renfei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Kalvaitienė G, Vaičiūtė D, Bučas M, Gyraitė G, Kataržytė M. Macrophytes and their wrack as a habitat for faecal indicator bacteria and Vibrio in coastal marine environments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115325. [PMID: 37523954 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne pathogenic bacteria, including faecal indicator bacteria and potentially pathogenic Vibrio, are a global concern for diseases transmitted through water. A systematic review was conducted to analyse publications that investigated these bacteria in relation to macrophytes (seagrasses and macroalgae) in coastal marine environments. The highest quantities of FIB were found on brown algae and seagrasses, and the highest quantities of Vibrio bacteria were on red algae. The most extensively studied macrophyte group was brown algae, green algae were the least researched. Macrophyte wrack was found to favor the presence of FIB, but there is a lack of information about Vibrio quantities in this environment. To understand the role of Vibrio bacteria that are pathogenic to humans, molecular methods complementary to cultivation methods should be used. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of FIB and potentially pathogenic Vibrio with macrophytes and their microbiome in the coastal marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Kalvaitienė
- Klaipėda University, Marine Research Institute, University Avenue 17, 92295 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
| | - Diana Vaičiūtė
- Klaipėda University, Marine Research Institute, University Avenue 17, 92295 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
| | - Martynas Bučas
- Klaipėda University, Marine Research Institute, University Avenue 17, 92295 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
| | - Greta Gyraitė
- Klaipėda University, Marine Research Institute, University Avenue 17, 92295 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
| | - Marija Kataržytė
- Klaipėda University, Marine Research Institute, University Avenue 17, 92295 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
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Liu Y, Wang L. Antibiofilm effect and mechanism of protocatechuic aldehyde against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1060506. [PMID: 36439819 PMCID: PMC9684326 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1060506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA) on Vibrio parahaemolyticus biofilm formation and its effects on gene expression. Crystal violet assay, metabolic activity assay, and fluorescence experiments were used to evaluate the antibiofilm activities of PCA and to reveal its possible antibiofilm mechanisms using transcriptomic analysis. The results indicated that the minimum antibacterial concentration of PCA against V. parahaemolyticus was 300 μg/mL. PCA (9.375 μg/mL) inhibited biofilm generation and adhesion of the mature biofilm. PCA (75 μg/mL) significantly reduced the metabolic viability of V. parahaemolyticus, reduced polysaccharide production, and inhibited cell surface flagella-mediated swimming and aggregation phenotypes. Meanwhile, transcriptome analysis showed that the key genes of V. parahaemolyticus expressed under PCA (75 μg/mL) inhibition were mainly related to biofilm formation (pfkA, galE, narL, and oppA), polysaccharide production and adhesion (IF, fbpA, and yxeM), and motility (cheY, flrC, and fliA). By regulating these key genes, PCA reduced biofilm formation, suppressed polysaccharide production and transport, and prevented the adhesion of V. parahaemolyticus, thereby reducing the virulence of V. parahaemolyticus. This study demonstrated that protocatechuic aldehyde can be used to control V. parahaemolyticus biofilm to ensure food safety.
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Interaction between live seaweed and various Vibrio species by co-culture: Antibacterial activity and seaweed microenvironment. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhang Y, Deng Y, Feng J, Hu J, Chen H, Guo Z, Su Y. LuxS modulates motility and secretion of extracellular protease in fish pathogen Vibrio harveyi. Can J Microbiol 2021; 68:215-226. [PMID: 34855458 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an in-frame deletion of the luxS gene was constructed to reveal the role of LuxS in the physiology and virulence of V. harveyi. The statistical analysis showed no significant differences in the growth ability, biofilm formation, antibiotic susceptibility, virulence by intraperitoneal injection, and the ability of V. harveyi to colonize the spleen and liver of the pearl gentian grouper between the wild-type (WT) and the luxS mutant. However, the deletion of luxS decreased the secretion of extracellular protease, while increased the ability of swimming and swarming. Simultaneously, a luxS-deleted mutant showed overproduction of lateral flagella, and an intact luxS complemented the defect. Since motility is flagella dependent, 16 of V. harveyi flagella biogenesis related genes were selected for further analysis. Based on quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), the expression levels of these genes, including the polar flagella genes flaB, flhA, flhF, flhB, flhF, fliS, and flrA and the lateral flagella genes flgA, flgB, fliE, fliF, lafA, lafK, and motY, were significantly up-regulated in the ΔluxS: pMMB207 (ΔluxS+) strain as compared with the V. harveyi 345: pMMB207 (WT+) and C-ΔluxS strains during the early, mid-exponential, and stationary growth phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiu Zhang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, 271781, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Yiqing Deng
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, 271781, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Juan Feng
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, 271781, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Jianmei Hu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, 271781, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Haoxiang Chen
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, 271781, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Zhixun Guo
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, 271781, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Youlu Su
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 47894, Guangzhou, China, 510225;
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Qiao Y, Feng L, Jia R, Luo Y, Yang Q. Motility, biofilm formation and associated gene expression in Vibrio parahaemolyticus impaired by co-culture with live Ulva fasciata. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:101-112. [PMID: 34091972 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most frequently occurred pathogens in mariculture. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of the impact of Ulva fasciata on the motility and biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus. METHODS AND RESULTS The inhibitory effect of U. fasciata on a V. parahaemolyticus, isolated from clam maricultural sediment, was examined by co-culture of them. The live U. fasciata significantly inhibited the swimming behaviour, twitching behaviour and biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus JF, with inhibition rates range of 2.48%-20.26%, 1.59%-39.18% and 28.3%-94.7% under different nitrate and phosphate levels, respectively. The results of transcriptome sequencing showed that 210 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in strain JF between the presence and absence of U. fasciata, including 90 upregulated genes and 120 downregulated genes. According to GO (Gene Ontology) function enrichment and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analysis, the downregulated genes of JF were partially enriched in flagella assembly (fliC, fliK, fliG, fliN, fliH, fliI, fliJ and fliA), bacterial chemotaxis (mCP, cheB, cheW and cheY) and biofilm formation (fliA/σ28 and eps), which explained the suppressed motility and biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus JF under U. fasciata stress. CONCLUSIONS Live U. fasciata significantly impaired the motility and biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus, which could occur in niches with either sufficient or inadequate nutrient (nitrate and phosphate) concentrations. The DEGs of V. parahaemolyticus modulated by U. fasciata were enriched mainly in the flagellar assembly, bacterial chemotaxis and biofilm pathways. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY New information on how V. parahaemolyticus respond to U. fasciata regarding motility and adhesion behaviours, and the mechanism of that was firstly explored in this study. The results suggested that the seaweed U. fasciata has promising prospects as an environmentally friendly preventive measure to treat vibriosis in mariculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Feng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Jia
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Luo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, People's Republic of China
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