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Cheon J, Kim M. Comprehensive effects of various nutrients on sleep. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2022; 20:449-458. [PMID: 38468613 PMCID: PMC10899959 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-022-00408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Sleep problems have become common among people today. Sleep disorders are closely associated with physiological and psychological diseases. Among the ways of improving objective or subjective sleep quality, controlling elements associated with food intake can be more efficient than other methods in terms of time and cost. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the effects of nutrients and natural products on sleep. An extensive literature search was conducted, and related articles were identified through online databases, such as Elsevier, Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, and Web of Science. Expert opinion, conference abstracts, unpublished studies, and studies published in languages other than English were excluded from this review. The effects of macronutrients and diet adjustment on sleep differed. Although not all nutrients independently affect sleep, they comprehensively affect it through tryptophan metabolism. Furthermore, natural foods related to GABA have an effect on sleep similar to that of sleeping pills. Taken together, our results suggest that humans can control both their objective and subjective sleep quality based on their lifestyle and food consumption. However, until now, direct studies on the relationship between human sleep and nutrition, such as clinical trials, have been insufficient. As both objective and subjective sleep quality are the factors determining the quality of life of individuals, further studies on those are needed to improve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehwan Cheon
- Department of Chemistry & Life Science, BioScience Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Hwarangro 815, Nowongu, 01795 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Life Science, BioScience Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Hwarangro 815, Nowongu, 01795 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Hwarangro 815, Nowongu, Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
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Han EJ, Kim HS, Jung K, Asanka Sanjeewa KK, Iresha Nadeeka Madushani Herath KH, Lee W, Jee Y, Jeon YJ, Lee J, Kim T, Shanura Fernando IP, Ahn G. Sargassum horneri ethanol extract ameliorates TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced inflammation in human keratinocytes and TPA-induced ear edema in mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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3
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Liu K, Li XY, Luo JP, Zha XQ. Bioactivities. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0320-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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Pimentel FB, Alves RC, Harnedy PA, FitzGerald RJ, Oliveira MBP. Macroalgal-derived protein hydrolysates and bioactive peptides: Enzymatic release and potential health enhancing properties. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Son M, Oh S, Lee HS, Ryu B, Jiang Y, Jang JT, Jeon YJ, Byun K. Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6'-Bieckol from Ecklonia cava Improved Blood Circulation in Diet-Induced Obese and Diet-Induced Hypertension Mouse Models. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E272. [PMID: 31071969 PMCID: PMC6562948 DOI: 10.3390/md17050272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood circulation disorders, such as hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis, are not easily cured by dietary supplements, but they can be mitigated. Although Ecklonia cava extract (ECE), as dietary supplements, are associated with improving the conditions, there are not many studies verifying the same. In this study, the beneficial effect of ECE and leaf of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), which is a well-known dietary supplement, were first confirmed in a diet induced-obese model. Afterwards, 4 phlorotannins were isolated from ECE, and their inhibitory effects on vascular cell dysfunction were validated. Pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB) was selected to be orally administered in two mice models: the diet induced obese model and diet induced hypertension model. After four weeks of administration, the blood pressure of all mice was measured, after which they were subsequently sacrificed. PPB was found to significantly improve blood circulation, including a reduction of adhesion molecule expression, endothelial cell (EC) death, excessive vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration, blood pressure, and lipoprotein and cholesterol levels. Based on the excellent efficacy in diet-induced mouse models of obese and hypertension, our results demonstrate that PPB is a valuable active compound from among the phlorotannins that were isolated and it has the potential to be used in functional foods for improving the blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjoo Son
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - BoMi Ryu
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 1 Ara 1-dong, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Yunfei Jiang
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 1 Ara 1-dong, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Ji Tae Jang
- Aqua Green Technology Co., Ltd., Smart Bldg., Jeju Science Park, Cheomdan-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 1 Ara 1-dong, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
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Yun JW, Kim SH, Kim YS, You JR, Cho EY, Yoon JH, Kwon E, Yun IJ, Oh JH, Jang JJ, Park JS, Che JH, Kang BC. Enzymatic extract from Ecklonia cava: Acute and subchronic oral toxicity and genotoxicity studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 92:46-54. [PMID: 29108849 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ecklonia cava (EC) is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. Despite its wide use and beneficial properties, comprehensive toxicological information regarding EC extract is currently limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate acute toxicity, subchronic toxicity, and genotoxicity of enzymatic EC extract according to test guidelines published by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The acute oral LD50 values of this EC extract administered to rats and dogs were estimated to be more than 3000 mg/kg BW. In an oral 13-week toxicity study, changes in body weights of rats exposed to the EC extract up to 3000 mg/kg BW were found to be normal. In addition, repeated doses of EC extract failed to influence any systematic parameters of treatment-related toxic symptoms such as food/water consumption, mortality, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weight, or histopathology. These results indicated that the no-observed-adverse-effect level for the EC extract was 3000 mg/kg/day for male and female rats. Data obtained from Ames test, chromosome aberration assay, and micronucleus assay indicated that EC extract was not mutagenic or clastogenic. Taken together, these results support the safety of enzymatic EC extract as a potential therapeutic for human consumption against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Soon Kim
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ran You
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Cho
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Yoon
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euna Kwon
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jue Yun
- Ju Yeong NS Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hun Oh
- Ju Yeong NS Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-June Jang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St. Leonards, Australia
| | - Jeong-Hwan Che
- Biomedical Center for Animal Resource and Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Center for Animal Resource and Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Designed Animal and Transplantation Research Institute, Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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The development of seaweed-derived bioactive compounds for use as prebiotics and nutraceuticals using enzyme technologies. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Lee WW, Kim WS, Ahn G, Kim KN, Heo SJ, Cho M, Fernando IPS, Kang N, Jeon YJ. Separation of glycine-rich proteins from sea hare eggs and their anti-cancer activity against U937 leukemia cell line. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:329-42. [PMID: 27366143 PMCID: PMC4928013 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the anti-cancer effects of Sea hare eggs (SE) in U937 cells and its major active components. The aqueous extract of SE (ASE), which contained the highest protein content, dose-dependently inhibited the cancer cell's growth (IC50 value, 10.42 ± 0.5 µg/mL). Additionally, ASE markedly caused DNA damage by inducing apoptotic body formation, DNA fragmentation, and accumulation of sub-G1 DNA contents. ASE induced apoptosis by activating caspase-3 and 9 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) by regulating the expression of Bcl-2/Bax. Moreover, among its molecular weight fractions, the > 30 kDa fraction showed the highest cell-growth-inhibitory effects, which was inhibited by heat treatment. Furthermore, the > 30 kDa fraction had markedly higher glycine content than the ASE. The presence of two protein bands at around 16 and 32 kDa was identified. In addition, two fractions, F1 and F2, were obtained using anion-exchange chromatography, with the F1 having an improved cell-growth-inhibitory effect than the > 30 kDa fraction. Taken together, these results suggest that the ASE contains glycine-rich proteins, including the active 16 and 32 kDa proteins, which account for its anti-cancer effects by inducing apoptosis via regulation of the mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Woo Lee
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suck Kim
- College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Jeju center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Global Bioresources Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonjae Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Cheju National University, Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - I P Shanura Fernando
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Nalae Kang
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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Lee W, Ahn G, Oh JY, Kim SM, Kang N, Kim EA, Kim KN, Jeong JB, Jeon YJ. A prebiotic effect of Ecklonia cava on the growth and mortality of olive flounder infected with pathogenic bacteria. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 51:313-320. [PMID: 26921543 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), also known as the Japanese flounder in Japan, is one of the most important commercial marine finfish species cultured in Korea and Japan. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how a species of brown algae (Ecklonia cava, E. cava) affects the growth rate of olive flounder and its immune response to pathogenic bacteria. First, the experimental fish were divided into four groups: the control group was fed the diet containing only 1.0% Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), group I was fed 1.0% L. plantarum and 1.0% E. cava (EC), group II was fed 1.0% L. plantarum and 0.1% ethanol extract of EC (EE), and group III was fed 1.0% L. plantarum and 0.5% EE. The diets fed to the fish twice a day for 16 weeks. The results indicated that supplementation with 1.0% EC and 0.1% EE improved the growth and body weight of olive flounder, and decreased its mortality. This diet, however, did not significantly affect the biochemical profiles of the experimental flounder. The supplementation of 1.0% EC also enhanced the innate immune response of the fish, as evidenced by the high respiratory burst, and increased serum lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activity. The addition of 1.0% EC and either 0.1% or 0.5% EE also decreased the accumulative mortality of olive flounder infected by pathogenic bacteria (Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae, and Vibrio harveyi). Overall, these results suggest that E. cava can act as a prebiotic by improving the innate immune response in fish infected with pathogenic bacteria as increased the growth of the probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- WonWoo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-food Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, 500-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Oh
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Nalae Kang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun A Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Marine Bio Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 690-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Bum Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Choi Y, Goel A, Hosseindoust A, Lee S, Kim K, Jeon S, Noh H, Kyong Kwon I, Chae B. Effects of dietary supplementation ofEcklonia cavawith or without probiotics on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immunity and intestinal health in weanling pigs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2015.1128685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Alternative and efficient extraction methods for marine-derived compounds. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:3182-230. [PMID: 26006714 PMCID: PMC4446625 DOI: 10.3390/md13053182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine ecosystems cover more than 70% of the globe’s surface. These habitats are occupied by a great diversity of marine organisms that produce highly structural diverse metabolites as a defense mechanism. In the last decades, these metabolites have been extracted and isolated in order to test them in different bioassays and assess their potential to fight human diseases. Since traditional extraction techniques are both solvent- and time-consuming, this review emphasizes alternative extraction techniques, such as supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized solvent extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, pulsed electric field-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, and extraction with switchable solvents and ionic liquids, applied in the search for marine compounds. Only studies published in the 21st century are considered.
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Ahn G, Lee W, Kim KN, Lee JH, Heo SJ, Kang N, Lee SH, Ahn CB, Jeon YJ. A sulfated polysaccharide of Ecklonia cava inhibits the growth of colon cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:294-306. [PMID: 26417363 PMCID: PMC4553912 DOI: 10.17179/excli2014-676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated anticancer effects of the crude polysaccharides (CPs) isolated from Ecklonia cava enzymatic extracts using AMG, Viscozyme, Protamex, and Alcalase enzyme against a colon cancer cell line, CT26 cells. Among them, the CP of Protamex extract (PCP) contained the highest fucose and sulfated group contents and showed the highest growth inhibitory effect against CT-26 cells. In addition, PCP dose-dependently increased the formation of apoptotic body and the percentage of Sub-G1 DNA contents. Also, PCP activated caspase 9 and PARP as regulating the expressions of Bax and Bcl-2. Moreover, PPP2, a fraction purified from PCP showed the highest growth inhibitory effect against CT 26 cells with the increased fucose and sulfated group contents. The results demonstrate that the isolated SP containing plentiful fucose and sulfated group contents has the anticancer effect on colon cancer cells via regulation of Bcl-2/Bax signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Republic of Korea
| | - WonWon Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Jeju center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeok Lee
- Jeju center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Global Bioresources Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Nalae Kang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Division of Food Bioscience and Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Bum Ahn
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 550-757, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Immunomodulatory activity of heparan sulfate mimetics from Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 115:643-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ahn G, Bing SJ, Kang SM, Lee WW, Lee SH, Matsuda H, Tanaka A, Cho IH, Jeon YJ, Jee Y. The JNk/NFkappaB pathway is required to activate murine lymphocytes induced by a sulfated polysaccharide from Ecklonia cava. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1830:2820-9. [PMID: 23262141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proven immunomodulatory and immune system activating properties of Ecklonia cava (E. cava) have been attributed to its plentiful polysaccharide content. Therefore, we investigated whether the sulfated polysaccharide (SP) of E. cava specifically activates the protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) to incite immune responses. METHODS To assess immune responsiveness, lymphocytes were isolated from spleens of ICR mice and cultured with SP and its inhibitors. Assays included 3H-thymidine incorporation, flow cytometry, real time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), intracellular cytokine assay. Western blot, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). RESULTS SP dose-dependently increased the proliferation of lymphocytes without cytotoxicity. In particular, SP markedly enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of CD3+ mature T cells and CD45R/B220+ pan B cells. Additionally, SP increased the expression and/or production of IL-2, IgG(1a), and IgG(2b) compared to that in untreated cells. The subsequent application of JNK (SP600125), NFkappaB (PDTC), and serine protease (TPCK) inhibitors significantly inhibited the proliferation and IL-2 production of SP-treated lymphocytes as well as the phosphorylation of JNK and IkappaB, the activation of nuclear NFkappaB p65, and binding of NFkappaB p65 DNA. Moreover, co-application of both JNK and NFkappaB inhibitors completely blocked the proliferation of lymphocytes even in the presence of SP. CONCLUSION These results suggest that SP induced T and B cell responses via both JNK and NFkappaB pathways. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The effect of SP on splenic lymphocyte activation was assayed here for the first time and indicated the underlying functional mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginnae Ahn
- Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Lee W, Ahn G, Lee BJ, Wijesinghe WAJP, Kim D, Yang H, Kim YM, Park SJ, Jee Y, Jeon YJ. Radio-protective effect of polysaccharides isolated from Lactobacillus brevis-fermented Ecklonia cava. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 52:260-6. [PMID: 23068138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the radioprotective effects of a polysaccharide isolated from enzymatic extracts of Ecklonia cava (E. cava) fermented by fungi and bacteria. We identified that the aqueous extract of the Lactobacillus brevis-fermented E. cava especially showed the highest proliferation effect. In addition, the enzymatic extract prepared by enzyme-assisted extraction using Viscozyme (VLFE) significantly increased cell proliferation. Further study indicated that the polysaccharides isolated from the >30 kDa fraction of VLFE (VLFEP) significantly enhanced survival and proliferation effects in γ-ray-irradiated cells. Also, VLFEP markedly reduced the DNA damage, production of reactive oxygen species, and the percentage of Sub-G(1) DNA contents caused by γ-ray-irradiation. Moreover, VLFEP modulated the expression levels of p53, Bax, and Bcl-2 via inhibition of IκBα degradation and phosphorylation and NFκB p65 translocation into nuclei. These results demonstrate that VLFEP has radioprotective properties including the modulation of apoptosis via the inhibition of the NFκB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- WonWoo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Ecklonia cava Inhibits Glucose Absorption and Stimulates Insulin Secretion in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:439294. [PMID: 22645628 PMCID: PMC3356976 DOI: 10.1155/2012/439294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims of study. Present study investigated the effect of Ecklonia cava (EC) on intestinal glucose uptake and insulin secretion. Materials and methods. Intestinal Na+-dependent glucose uptake (SGU) and Na+-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) protein expression was determined using brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs). Glucose-induced insulin secretion was examined in pancreatic β-islet cells. The antihyperglycemic effects of EC, SGU, and SGLT1 expression were determined in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Results. Methanol extract of EC markedly inhibited intestinal SGU of BBMV with the IC50 value of 345 μg/mL. SGLT1 protein expression was dose dependently down regulated with EC treatment. Furthermore, insulinotrophic effect of EC extract was observed at high glucose media in isolated pancreatic β-islet cells in vitro. We next conducted the antihyperglycemic effect of EC in STZ-diabetic mice. EC supplementation markedly suppressed SGU and SGLT1 abundance in BBMV from STZ mice. Furthermore, plasma insulin level was increased by EC treatment in diabetic mice. As a result, EC supplementation improved postprandial glucose regulation, assessed by oral glucose tolerance test, in diabetic mice. Conclusion. These results suggest that EC play a role in controlling dietary glucose absorption at the intestine and insulinotrophic action at the pancreas contributing blood glucose homeostasis in diabetic condition.
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Wijesinghe WAJP, Jeon YJ. Exploiting biological activities of brown seaweed Ecklonia cava for potential industrial applications: a review. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012; 63:225-35. [PMID: 21942760 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.619965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds are rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fibres, proteins, polysaccharides and various functional polyphenols. Many researchers have focused on brown algae as a potential source of bioactive materials in the past few decades. Ecklonia cava is a brown seaweed that is abundant in the subtidal regions of Jeju Island in the Republic of Korea. This seaweed attracted extensive interest due to its multiple biological activities. E. cava has been identified as a potential producer of wide spectrum of natural substances such as carotenoids, fucoidans and phlorotannins showing different biological activities in vital industrial applications including pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and functional food. This review focuses on biological activities of the brown seaweed E. cava based on latest research results, including antioxidant, anticoagulative, antimicrobial, antihuman immunodeficiency virus, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimutagenic, antitumour and anticancer effects. The facts summarized here may provide novel insights into the functions of E. cava and its derivatives and potentially enable their use as functional ingredients in potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A J P Wijesinghe
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea.
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Cho S, Han D, Kim SB, Yoon M, Yang H, Jin YH, Jo J, Yong H, Lee SH, Jeon YJ, Shimizu M. Depressive effects on the central nervous system and underlying mechanism of the enzymatic extract and its phlorotannin-rich fraction from Ecklonia cava edible brown seaweed. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:163-8. [PMID: 22232271 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Marine plants have been reported to possess various pharmacological properties; however, there have been few reports on their neuropharmacological effects. Terrestrial plants have depressive effects on the central nervous system (CNS) because of their polyphenols which make them effective as anticonvulsants and sleep inducers. We investigated in this study the depressive effects of the polyphenol-rich brown seaweed, Ecklonia cava (EC), on CNS. An EC enzymatic extract (ECEE) showed significant anticonvulsive (>500 mg/kg) and sleep-inducing (>500 mg/kg) effects on the respective mice seizure induced by picrotoxin and on the mice sleep induced by pentobarbital. The phlorotannin-rich fraction (PTRF) from ECEE significantly potentiated the pentobarbital-induced sleep at >50 mg/kg. PTRF had binding activity to the gamma aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A))-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors. The sleep-inducing effects of diazepam (DZP, a well-known GABA(A)-BZD agonist), ECEE, and PTRF were completely blocked by flumazenil, a well-known antagonist of GABA(A)-BZD receptors. These results imply that ECEE produced depressive effects on CNS by positive allosteric modulation of its phlorotannins on GABA(A)-BZD receptors like DZP. Our study proposes EC as a candidate for the effective treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety and insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suengmok Cho
- Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam, Republic of Korea.
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Wijesinghe WAJP, Jeon YJ. Enzyme-assistant extraction (EAE) of bioactive components: a useful approach for recovery of industrially important metabolites from seaweeds: a review. Fitoterapia 2011; 83:6-12. [PMID: 22061659 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, the biological activities of seaweeds could have gained a considerable research interest because of their specific functional compounds, which may not be available in land plants. Thus, efforts at discovery of novel metabolites from seaweeds over the past years have yielded a considerable amount of new active compounds. In addition, studies about the extraction of active compounds from natural products have attracted special attention in the last recent years. Potent biologically active compounds of seaweeds have been demonstrated to play a significant role in prevention of certain degenerative diseases such as cancer, inflammation, arthritis, diabetes and hypertension. Therefore, seaweed derived active components, whose immense biochemical diversity looks like to become a rich source of novel chemical entities for the use as functional ingredients in many industrial applications such as functional foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals. Thus, the interest in the extraction of active compounds from seaweeds is obvious. However, the physical and chemical barriers of the plant material become the key drawbacks of such extraction process. Therefore, enhanced release and recovery of active compounds attached to the cells have been addressed. Taken together, the aim of this communication is to discuss the potential use of enzyme treatment as a tool to improve the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds from seaweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A J P Wijesinghe
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Park SJ, Ahn G, Lee NH, Park JW, Jeon YJ, Jee Y. Phloroglucinol (PG) purified from Ecklonia cava attenuates radiation-induced apoptosis in blood lymphocytes and splenocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2236-42. [PMID: 21693160 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phloroglucinol (PG), a polyphenol compound of Eckloniacava known as brown algae abundant in Jeju island, has been proposed to exert the antioxidative and cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress. In this study, we confirmed that PG protected mice from damages caused by ionizing radiation and investigated its protection mechanism in detail. The result showed that PG increased the viability of splenocytes without cytotoxicity. Also, PG significantly enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes by limiting the increment of sub-G(1) DNA contents via the inhibition of reactive oxygen species production in 2 Gy-irradiated splenocytes. In addition, PG significantly decreased DNA damage and the number of apoptotic fragments in lymphocytes against oxidative stress. Also, PG increased the counts of endogenous spleen CFUs, compared with only ionizing radiation-irradiated mice. These results demonstrate the multi-faceted protection mechanisms of PG in mice against oxidative stress caused by ionizing radiation, providing the benefit of inhibiting apoptosis and strengthening hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Jae Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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