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Chen L, Pan Y, Cheng J, Zhu X, Chu W, Meng YY, Bin S, Zhang J. Characterization of myosin heavy chain (MYH) genes and their differential expression in white and red muscles of Chinese perch, Siniperca chuatsi. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:125907. [PMID: 37482155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Fish skeletal muscle is composed of two anatomically and functionally different fiber layers, white or fast and red or slow muscles. Myosin, the major structural protein of fish skeletal muscle, contains multiple myosin heavy chain (MYH) isoforms involved in the high plasticity of muscle in response to varying functional demands and/or environmental changes. In this study, we comparatively assayed the cellular and ultrastructural feature of white and red skeletal muscles. Then, a total of 28 class II myosin heavy chain genes were identified in by searching the Chinese perch genome database. Among them, 14 genes code for the fast-muscle-type myosin heavy chain, and 7 genes code for the slow-muscle-type myosin heavy chain. Further, the different isoform gene structures, function domains, phylogenetic relations, and muscle-fiber type-specific expression were characterized. This is the first systematic work on the molecular characterization of class II myosin heavy chain isoforms and the differential analysis of their expression in red and white muscle tissues in Chinese perch Siniperca chuatsi. Our work provided valuable information for a better understanding of myh genes and their molecular characteristics, and the correlations of multiple myosin isoforms with potential functions in response to varying functional demands and/or environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Yaxong Pan
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Wuying Chu
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Yang Yang Meng
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Shiyu Bin
- Department of Biology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 419034, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Hunan 410003, China.
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Martinez-Silva MA, Dupont-Prinet A, Houle C, Vagner M, Garant D, Bernatchez L, Audet C. Growth regulation in brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 331:114160. [PMID: 36356646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fish growth can be modulated through genetic selection. However, it is not known whether growth regulatory mechanisms modulated by genetic selection can provide information about phenotypic growth variations among families or populations. Following a five-generation breeding program that selected for the absence of early sexual maturity and increased growth in brook charr we aimed to understand how the genetic selection process modifies the growth regulatory pathway of brook charr at the molecular level. To achieve this, we studied the regulation of growth traits at three different levels: 1) between lines-one under selection, the other not, 2) among-families expressing differences in average growth phenotypes, which we termed family performance, and 3) among individuals within families that expressed extreme growth phenotypes, which we termed slow- and fast-growing. At age 1+, individuals from four of the highest performing and four of the lowest performing families in terms of growth were sampled in both the control and selected lines. The gene expression levels of three reference and ten target genes were analyzed by real-time PCR. Results showed that better growth performance (in terms of weight and length at age) in the selected line was associated with an upregulation in the expression of genes involved in the growth hormone (GH)/insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis, including the igf-1 receptor in pituitary; the gh-1 receptor and igf-1 in liver; and ghr and igf-1r in white muscle. When looking at gene expression within families, family performance and individual phenotypes were associated with upregulations of the leptin receptor and neuropeptid Y-genes related to appetite regulation-in the slower-growing phenotypes. However, other genes related to appetite (ghrelin, somatostatin) or involved in muscle growth (myosin heavy chain, myogenin) were not differentially expressed. This study highlights how transcriptomics may improve our understanding of the roles of different key endocrine steps that regulate physiological performance. Large variations in growth still exist in the selected line, indicating that the full genetic selection potential has not been reached.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurélie Dupont-Prinet
- Institut des Sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Carolyne Houle
- Département de Biologie, Université du Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Marie Vagner
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, UMR 6539 (CNRS/Univ Brest/IRD/Ifremer), Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Dany Garant
- Département de Biologie, Université du Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Département de Biologie, Université du Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Céline Audet
- Institut des Sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
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Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles provide insight into epigenetic regulation of red and white muscle development in Chinese perch Siniperca chuatsi. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 256:110647. [PMID: 34271193 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fish skeletal muscles are composed of spatially well-separated fiber types, namely, red and white muscles with different physiological functions and metabolism. To compare the DNA methylation profiles of the two types of muscle tissues and identify potential candidate genes for the muscle growth and development under epigenetic regulation, genome-wide DNA methylation of the red and white muscle in Chinese perch Siniperca chuatsi were comparatively analyzed using bisulfate sequencing methods. An average of 0.9 billion 150-bp paired-end reads were obtained, of which 86% were uniquely mapped to the genome. Methylation mostly occurred at CG sites at a ratio of 94.43% in the red muscle and 93.16% in the white muscle. The mean methylation levels at C-sites were 5.95% in red muscle and 5.83% in white muscle, whereas the mean methylation levels of CG, CHG, and CHH were 73.23%, 0.62%, and 0.67% in red muscle, and 71.01%, 0.62%, and 0.67% in white muscle, respectively. A total of 4192 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were identified significantly enriched in cell signaling pathways related to skeletal muscle differentiation and growth. Various muscle-related genes, including myosin gene isoforms and regulatory factors, are differentially methylated in the promoter region between the red and white muscles. Further analysis of the transcriptional expression of these genes showed that the muscle regulatory factors (myf5, myog, pax3, pax7, and twitst2) and myosin genes (myh10, myh16, myo18a, myo7a, myo9a, and myl3) were differentially expressed between the two kinds of muscles, consistent with the DNA methylation analysis results. ELISA assays confirmed that the level of 5mC in red muscle was significantly higher than in white muscle (P < 0.05). The RT-qPCR assays revealed that the expression levels of the three DNA methylation transferase (dnmt) subtypes, dnmt1, dnmt3ab, and dnmt3bb1, were significantly higher in red muscle than in white muscle. The higher DNA methylation levels in the red muscle may result from higher DNA methylation transferase expression in the red muscles. Thus, this study might provide a theoretical foundation to better understand epigenetic regulation in the growth and development of red and white muscles in animals, at least in Chinese perch fish.
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Wu P, Chen L, Cheng J, Pan Y, Zhu X, Bao L, Chu W, Zhang J. The miRNA expression profile directly reflects the energy metabolic differences between slow and fast muscle with nutritional regulation of the Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 259:111003. [PMID: 34118407 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fish skeletal muscles are composed of two distinct types, slow and fast muscles, and they play important roles in maintaining the body's movement and energy metabolism. The two types of muscle are easy to separate, so they are often used as the model system for studies on their physiological and functional characteristics. In this study, we revealed that the carbohydrate and lipid metabolic KEGG pathways are different between slow and fast muscles of Chinese perch with transcriptome analysis. In fast muscle, glucose metabolism was catabolic with higher glycolysis capacity, while in slow muscle, glucose metabolism was anabolic with more glycogen synthesis. In addition, oxidative metabolism in slow muscle was stronger than that in fast muscle. By analyzing the expression levels of 40 miRNAs involved in metabolism in the muscles of Chinese perch, 18 miRNAs were significantly upregulated and 7 were significantly downregulated in slow muscle compared with fast muscle. Based on functional enrichment analysis of their target genes, the differential expression levels of 17 miRNAs in slow and fast muscles were reflected in their carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Among these, 15 miRNAs were associated with carbohydrate metabolism, and 6 miRNAs were associated with lipid metabolism. After 3 days of starvation, the expression levels of 15 miRNAs involved in glucose metabolism in fast and slow muscles increased. However, after 7 days of starvation, the mRNA levels of miR-22a, miR-23a, miR-133a-3p, miR-139, miR-143, miR-144, miR-181a and miR-206 decreased to basal levels. Our data suggest that the possible reason for the difference in glucose and lipid metabolism is that more miRNAs inhibit the expression of target genes in slow muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China; Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Yaxiong Pan
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Lingsheng Bao
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Wuying Chu
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China.
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China.
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Liu Z, Zhu Y, Wang W, Zhou X, Chen G, Liu Y. Seven novel umami peptides from Takifugu rubripes and their taste characteristics. Food Chem 2020; 330:127204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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6
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Ahmad MN, Mat Noh NA, Abdullah EN, Yarmo MA, Mat Piah MB, Ku Bulat KH. Optimization of a protease extraction using a statistical approach for the production of an alternative meat tenderizer fromSpondias cytherearoots. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad
- Experimental and Theoretical Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan Malaysia
| | - Nor Aini Mat Noh
- Experimental and Theoretical Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan Malaysia
| | - Erna Normaya Abdullah
- Experimental and Theoretical Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ambar Yarmo
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Malaysia
| | - Mohd Bijarimi Mat Piah
- Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Kuantan Malaysia
| | - Ku Halim Ku Bulat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science University Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Terengganu Malaysia
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7
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Effects of short-term fasting on the rhythmic expression of core circadian clock and functional genes in skeletal muscle of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 226:91-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Zhang F, Li Y, Chen L, Cheng J, Wu P, Chu W, Zhang J. Characterization of the Ubiquitin Specific Protease (USP) family members in the fast and slow muscle fibers from Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). Gene 2018; 677:1-9. [PMID: 30030202 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy results from fasting, disuse and other systemic diseases. Muscle atrophy is associated with increased muscle protein degradation via the Ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). The Ubiquitin Specific Proteases (USPs), also known as deubiquitinating enzymes, regulates a wide variety of cellular processes in skeletal muscle. In our study, among the 41 members of the USP family identified in the skeletal muscle transcriptome of Chinese perch, 24 USPs were differentially expressed between the fast and slow muscle fibers. The expressional profile of 4 muscle-related USPs (USP10, USP14, USP19, USP45) was investigated in the fast and slow muscle in response to fasting at 4 and 7 days. The results showed that the expression of USP10, USP14 and USP19 was significantly increased in the fast muscle after fasting for 4 days and 7 days. But only the USP10 and USP14 had significantly increased at 7 days of fasting in the slow muscle. The expression of MAFbx and MuRF1 up-regulated and major myofibrillar genes down-regulated, indicating that all of these four USPs are involved in the protein degradation of the fast and slow muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- FangLiang Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China.
| | - YuLong Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China
| | - WuYing Chu
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde 415000, China.
| | - JianShe Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde 415000, China.
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9
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Schilling MW, Suman SP, Zhang X, Nair MN, Desai MA, Cai K, Ciaramella MA, Allen PJ. Proteomic approach to characterize biochemistry of meat quality defects. Meat Sci 2017; 132:131-138. [PMID: 28454727 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics can be used to characterize quality defects including pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) meat (pork and poultry), woody broiler breast meat, reddish catfish fillets, meat toughness, and beef myoglobin oxidation. PSE broiler meat was characterized by 15 proteins that differed in abundance in comparison to normal broiler breast meat, and eight proteins were differentially expressed in woody breast meat in comparison to normal breast meat. Hemoglobin was the only protein that was differentially expressed between red and normal catfish fillets. However, inducing low oxygen and/or heat stress conditions to catfish fillets did not lead to the production of red fillets. Proteomic data provided information pertaining to the protein differences that exist in meat quality defects. However, these data need to be evaluated in conjunction with information pertaining to genetics, nutrition, environment of the live animal, muscle to meat conversion, meat quality analyses and sensory attributes to understand causality, protein biomarkers, and ultimately how to prevent quality defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Schilling
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States.
| | - S P Suman
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - M N Nair
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - M A Desai
- Reed Food Technology, Pearl, MS 39208, United States
| | - K Cai
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - M A Ciaramella
- New York Sea Grant, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - P J Allen
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
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Ciaramella MA, Nair MN, Suman SP, Allen PJ, Schilling MW. Differential abundance of muscle proteome in cultured channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) subjected to ante-mortem stressors and its impact on fillet quality. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 20:10-18. [PMID: 27484844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of environmental and handling stress during catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) aquaculture were evaluated to identify the biochemical alterations they induce in the muscle proteome and their impacts on fillet quality. Temperature (25°C and 33°C) and oxygen (~2.5mg/L [L] and >5mg/L [H]) were manipulated followed by sequential socking (S) and transport (T) stress to evaluate changes in quality when fish were subjected to handling (25-H-ST; temperature-oxygen-handling), oxygen stress (25-L-ST), temperature stress (33-H-ST) and severe stress (33-L-ST). Instrumental color and texture of fillets were evaluated, and muscle proteome profile was analyzed. Fillet redness, yellowness and chroma decreased, and hue angle increased in all treatments except temperature stress (33-H-ST). Alterations in texture compared to controls were observed when oxygen levels were held high. In general, changes in the abundance of structural proteins and those involved in protein regulation and energy metabolism were identified. Rearing under hypoxic conditions demonstrated a shift in metabolism to ketogenic pathways and a suppression of the stress-induced changes as the severity of the stress increased. Increased proteolytic activity observed through the down-regulation of various structural proteins could be responsible for the alterations in color and texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Ciaramella
- Mississippi State University, Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Herzer Building, 945 Stone Blvd, Box 9805, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States; Mississippi State University, Department Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States.
| | - Mahesh N Nair
- University of Kentucky, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Surendranath P Suman
- University of Kentucky, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Lexington, KY 40546, United States.
| | - Peter J Allen
- Mississippi State University, Department Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States.
| | - M Wes Schilling
- Mississippi State University, Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Herzer Building, 945 Stone Blvd, Box 9805, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States.
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11
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Yang S, He Y, Yan Y, Xie N, Song Y, Yan X, Ding Z. Textural properties of stinky mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) during fermentation: effects of the state of moisture. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1233433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Institute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongling He
- Tea and Food Science College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Institute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ningning Xie
- Institute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yaqiong Song
- Institute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoming Yan
- Institute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhien Ding
- Tea and Food Science College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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12
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Wu P, Li Y, Cheng J, Chen L, Zeng M, Wu Y, Wang J, Zhang J, Chu W. Transcriptome Analysis and Postprandial Expression of Amino Acid Transporter Genes in the Fast Muscles and Gut of Chinese Perch (Siniperca chuatsi). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159533. [PMID: 27463683 PMCID: PMC4963124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of the expression and regulation of growth-related genes in the muscles of Chinese perch is of great interest to aquaculturists because of the commercial value of the species. The transcriptome annotation of the skeletal muscles is a crucial step in muscle growth-related gene analysis. In this study, we generated 52 504 230 reads of mRNA sequence data from the fast muscles of the Chinese perch by using Solexa/Illumina RNA-seq. Twenty-one amino acid transporter genes were annotated by searching protein and gene ontology databases, and postprandial changes in their transcript abundance were assayed after administering a single satiating meal to Chinese perch juveniles (body mass, approximately 100 g), following fasting for 1 week. The gut content of the Chinese perch increased significantly after 1 h and remained high for 6 h following the meal and emptied within 48-96 h. Expression of eight amino acid transporter genes was assayed in the fast muscles through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h. Among the genes, five transporter transcripts were markedly up-regulated within 1 h of refeeding, indicating that they may be potential candidate genes involved in the rapid-response signaling system regulating fish myotomal muscle growth. These genes display coordinated regulation favoring the resumption of myogenesis responding to feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Department of Bioengneering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Department of Bioengneering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Bioengneering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Bioengneering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Institute of Hunan Aquaculture and Fishes, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Yuanan Wu
- Institute of Hunan Aquaculture and Fishes, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Bioengneering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, China
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- Department of Bioengneering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde, 415000, China
- * E-mail: (JSZ); (WYC)
| | - Wuying Chu
- Department of Bioengneering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde, 415000, China
- * E-mail: (JSZ); (WYC)
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13
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Molecular characterization and expression regulation of Smyd1a and Smyd1b in skeletal muscle of Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 194-195:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Zhu X, Li YL, Chen DX, Wu P, Yi T, Chen T, Zhang JS, Chu WY. Selection of reference genes for microRNA quantitative expression analysis in Chinese perch, Siniperca chuatsi. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:8310-23. [PMID: 25874758 PMCID: PMC4425082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16048310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) is one of the most effective and sensitive techniques in gene expression assay, for which selection of reference genes is a prerequisite. In teleost species, such as Chinese perch, the expression profiling of miRNAs as reference genes for RT-qPCR has not been intensively studied. In the present study, the expression profiles of six miRNAs (miR-101a, miR-146a, miR-22a, miR-23a, miR-26a and let-7a) and one small nuclear RNA (U6) were assayed with RT-qPCR in different adult tissues, developmental stages and growth conditions of Chinese perch, Siniperca chuatsi. The analyses revealed that embryonic developmental stage is an important variability factor in the expression stability of miRNAs. All six miRNAs exhibited better expression consistency than U6 in most of the conditions examined, and therefore, they may be more suitable as a reference gene for miRNA quantification. When different tissues and developmental stages were considered, miR-22a demonstrated the most consistent expression pattern, and the best combination of reference genes was miR-22a and miR-23a. Our study offers useful data for selecting miRNAs as reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis of miRNAs in teleost fishes under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yu-Long Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China.
| | - Dun-Xue Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China.
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China.
| | - Tan Yi
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Jian-She Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde 415000, China.
| | - Wu-Ying Chu
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde 415000, China.
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15
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Zhu X, Chen D, Hu Y, Wu P, Wang K, Zhang J, Chu W, Zhang J. The microRNA signature in response to nutrient restriction and refeeding in skeletal muscle of Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 17:180-189. [PMID: 25403496 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-014-9606-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) is one of the most commercially important carnivorous fish species in aquaculture with its large-scale culture in China. Increasing evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the knowledge of the identity of myogenic miRNAs and the effect of nutrient status on miRNA expression in teleost remains limited. In the present study, among the 21 miRNAs identified with high abundance in the fast muscle of adult Chinese perch, 19 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the adults and juveniles. The postprandial changes in the transcript abundance were determined for the 21 miRNAs following a single satiating meal in the juveniles after fasting for 1 week. The results showed that the seven miRNAs (miR-10c, miR-107a, miR-133a-3p, miR-140-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-206, and miR-214) were sharply upregulated or downregulated within 1 h after refeeding. These miRNAs may be the promising candidate miRNAs involved in a fast-response signaling system that regulates fish skeletal muscle growth. Target prediction and expressional analysis suggested that four miRNAs (miR-10c, miR-107a, miR-140-3p, and miR-181a-5p) might play a role in regulating the translation of target gene transcripts such as myostatin following acute anabolic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhu
- Department of Bioengneering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China
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16
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Gao J, Li J, Li BJ, Yagil E, Zhang J, Du SJ. Expression and functional characterization of Smyd1a in myofibril organization of skeletal muscles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86808. [PMID: 24466251 PMCID: PMC3900645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Smyd1, the founding member of the Smyd family including Smyd-1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, is a SET and MYND domain containing protein that plays a key role in myofibril assembly in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that zebrafish genome contains two highly related smyd1 genes, smyd1a and smyd1b. Although Smyd1b function is well characterized in skeletal and cardiac muscles, the function of Smyd1a is, however, unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings To investigate the function of Smyd1a in muscle development, we isolated smyd1a from zebrafish, and characterized its expression and function during muscle development via gene knockdown and transgenic expression approaches. The results showed that smyd1a was strongly expressed in skeletal muscles of zebrafish embryos. Functional analysis revealed that knockdown of smyd1a alone had no significant effect on myofibril assembly in zebrafish skeletal muscles. However, knockdown of smyd1a and smyd1b together resulted in a complete disruption of myofibril organization in skeletal muscles, a phenotype stronger than knockdown of smyd1a or smyd1b alone. Moreover, ectopic expression of zebrafish smyd1a or mouse Smyd1 transgene could rescue the myofibril defects from the smyd1b knockdown in zebrafish embryos. Conclusion/Significance Collectively, these data indicate that Smyd1a and Smyd1b share similar biological activity in myofibril assembly in zebrafish embryos. However, Smyd1b appears to play a major role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Junling Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bao-Jun Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ezra Yagil
- Department of Biochemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- Department of Bioengeneering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Hunan, China
| | - Shao Jun Du
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Genge CE, Davidson WS, Tibbits GF. Adult teleost heart expresses two distinct troponin C paralogs: cardiac TnC and a novel and teleost-specific ssTnC in a chamber- and temperature-dependent manner. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:866-75. [PMID: 23881286 PMCID: PMC5471341 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00074.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The teleost-specific whole genome duplication created multiple copies of genes allowing for subfunctionalization of isoforms. In this study, we show that the teleost cardiac Ca2+-binding troponin C (TnC) is the product of two distinct genes: cardiac TnC (cTnC, TnnC1a) and a fish-specific slow skeletal TnC (ssTnC, TnnC1b). The ssTnC gene is novel to teleosts as mammals have a single gene commonly referred as cTnC but which is also expressed in slow skeletal muscle. In teleosts, the data strongly indicate that these are two TnC genes are different paralogs. Because we determined that ssTnC exists across many teleosts but not in basal ray-finned fish (e.g., bichir), we propose that these paralogs are the result of an ancestral tandem gene duplication persisting only in teleosts. Quantification of mRNA levels was used to demonstrate distinct expression localization patterns of the paralogs within the chambers of the heart. In the adult zebrafish acclimated at 28°C, ssTnC mRNA levels are twofold greater than cTnC mRNA levels in the atrium, whereas cTnC mRNA was almost exclusively expressed in the ventricle. Meanwhile, rainbow trout acclimated at 5°C showed cTnC mRNA levels in both chambers significantly greater than ssTnC. Distinct responses to temperature acclimation were also quantified in both adult zebrafish and rainbow trout, with mRNA in both chambers shifting to express higher levels of cTnC in 18°C acclimated zebrafish and 5°C acclimated trout. Possible subfunctionalization of TnC isoforms may provide insight into how teleosts achieve physiological versatility in chamber-specific contractile properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Genge
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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18
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Ahmad R, Hasnain AU. Peptide mapping of polymorphic myosin heavy chain isoforms in different muscle types of some freshwater teleosts. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:721-731. [PMID: 23086608 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A modified SDS-PAGE system has been employed to resolve polymorphic myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms in different muscle types of three freshwater teleosts displaying different modes of respiration, adaptive features and life styles. Investigated species include accessory air-breather Channa punctata along with exclusive aquatic breather major carps Labeo rohita and Catla catla. All the selected species show specificity and expressivity of at least three MyHC isoforms, one each in red, head and pectoral muscles. Chymotryptic peptide maps unambiguously support substructural individuality of each MyHC isoforms with the type-specific dispersal of chymotryptic cleavage sites. Specific Ca(2+)- and Mg(2+)-ATPase activities of natural actomyosin (NAM) of lateral line red muscle of C. punctata were low and less sensitive to pH, but sensitive to KCl concentrations between 0.05 and 0.15 M. In comparison, the specific enzymatic activities of NAM of red muscle from the carps (L. rohita and C. catla) were substantially high with prominent peaks at pH 7.5 and near insensitivity to 0.05-0.15 M KCl, while C. punctata had shown a different response at these molarities. Thus, the data favor a correlation between breathing modes and life style and the differences in pH or ionic strength sensitivities of ATPases. Unique profiles of peptide maps and the dispersal patterns of hydrophobic residues (cleavage sites of chymotrypsin) in MyHC of different muscle types further reflect individuality of their evolutionary histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaz Ahmad
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India.
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19
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Chen DX, Li Y, Bin SY, Wang K, Chu WY, Zhang JS. The phylogenetic placement of Siniperca obscura base on complete mitochondrial DNA sequence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 25:218-9. [PMID: 23631364 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.792075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The extant freshwater sinipercids represent a group of 12 species and they are endemic to East Asia. In this study, we cloned and sequenced the complete mitochondrial DNA of Siniperca obscura from the Lijiang River. The size of the complete mitochondrial genome is 16,492 bp. The organization of the mitochondrial contained 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA and 22 transfer RNAs) and a major non-coding control region as well as those reported sinipercid fishes. Among the 13 protein-coding genes, three reading-frame overlaps were found: ATP8 and ATP6 overlap by 10 nucleotides and ND4 and ND4L overlap by 7 nucleotides and ND5 and ND6 overlap by 5 nucleotides. Phylogenetic analyses using N-J and maximum parsimony (MP) computational algorithms showed that S. chuatsi and S. kneri are sister species, next joined by S. Obscura, based on combined 12 protein-coding genes (excluding DN6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Xue Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University , Hunan , P. R. China
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20
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Characterization and dietary regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase in different ploidy fishes. Amino Acids 2012; 43:2339-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Korajoki H, Vornanen M. Expression of SERCA and phospholamban in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) heart: comparison of atrial and ventricular tissue and effects of thermal acclimation. J Exp Biol 2012; 215:1162-9. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.065102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
In the heart of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), the rate of contraction and Ca2+ uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) are faster in atrial than ventricular muscle, and contraction force relies more on SR Ca2+ stores after acclimation to cold. This study tested the hypothesis that differences in contractile properties and Ca2+ regulation between atrial and ventricular muscle, and between warm-(WA) and cold-acclimated (CA) trout hearts, are associated with differences in expression of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) and/or phospholamban (PLN), an inhibitor of the cardiac SERCA. Quantitative PCR (SERCA only) and antibodies raised against SERCA and PLN were used to determine abundances of SERCA2 transcripts and SERCA and PLN proteins, respectively, in atrium and ventricle of trout acclimated to cold (+4°C, CA) and warm (+18°C, WA) temperatures. Expression of SERCA2 transcripts was 1.6 and 2.1 times higher in atrium than ventricle of WA and CA trout, respectively (P<0.05). At the protein level, differences in SERCA expression between atrium and ventricle were 6.1- and 23-fold for WA and CA trout, respectively (P<0.001). Acclimation to cold increased SERCA2 transcripts 2.6- and 2.0-fold in atrial and ventricular muscle, respectively (P<0.05). At the protein level, cold-induced elevation of SERCA (4.6-fold) was noted only in atrial (P<0.05) but not in ventricular tissue (P>0.05). The expression pattern of PLN was similar to that of the SERCA protein, but chamber-specific and temperature-induced differences were much smaller than in the case of SERCA. In the ventricle, PLN/SERCA ratio was 2.1 and 7.0 times higher than in the atrium for WA and CA fish, respectively. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that low PLN/SERCA ratio in atrial tissue enables faster SR Ca2+ reuptake and thus contributes to faster kinetics of contraction in comparison with ventricular muscle. Similarly, cold-induced decrease in PLN/SERCA ratio may be associated with faster contraction kinetics of the CA trout heart, in particular in the atrial muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Korajoki
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Biology, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Matti Vornanen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Biology, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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22
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Ding F, Chu W, Cui P, Tao M, Zhou R, Zhao F, Hu S, Zhang J. EST-based identification of genes expressed in skeletal muscle of the mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2011; 9:30-6. [PMID: 21641560 PMCID: PMC5054145 DOI: 10.1016/s1672-0229(11)60005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To enrich the genomic information of the commercially important fish species, we obtained 5,063 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the muscle cDNA database of the mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). Clustering analysis yielded 1,625 unique sequences including 443 contigs (from 3,881 EST sequences) and 1,182 singletons. BLASTX searches showed that 959 unique sequences shared homology to proteins in the NCBI non-redundant database. A total of 740 unique sequences were functionally annotated using Gene Ontology. The 1,625 unique sequences were assigned to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes reference pathways, and the results indicated that transcripts participating in nucleotide metabolism and amino acid metabolism are relatively abundant in S. chuatsi. Meanwhile, we identified 15 genes to be abundantly expressed in muscle of the mandarin fish. These genes are involved in muscle structural formation and regulation of muscle differentiation and development. The most remarkable gene in S. chuatsi is nuclease diphosphate kinase B, which is represented by 449 EST sequences accounting for 8.86% of the total EST sequences. Our work provides a transcript profile expressed in the white muscle of the mandarin fish, laying down a foundation in better understanding of fish genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Chu WY, Chen J, Zhou RX, Zhao FL, Meng T, Chen DX, Nong XX, Liu Z, Lu SQ, Zhang JS. Characterization and ontogenetic expression analysis of the myosin light chains from the fast white muscle of mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2011; 78:1225-1238. [PMID: 21463317 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02929.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Three full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) clones were isolated encoding the skeletal myosin light chain 1 (MLC1; 1237 bp), myosin light chain 2 (MLC2; 1206 bp) and myosin light chain 3 (MLC3; 1079 bp) from the fast white muscle cDNA library of mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi. The sequence analysis indicated that MLC1 and MLC3 were not produced from differentially spliced messenger RNAs (mRNA) as reported in birds and rodents but were encoded by different genes. The MLC2 encodes 170 amino acids, which include four EF-hand (helix-loop-helix) structures. The primary structures of the Ca(2+)-binding domain were well conserved among the MLC2s of seven other fish species. The ontogenetic expression analysis by real-time PCR showed that the three light-chain mRNAs were first detected in the gastrula stage, and their expression increased from the tail bud stage to the larval stage. All three MLC mRNAs showed longitudinal expression variation in the fast white muscle of S. chuatsi, especially MLC1 which was highly expressed at the posterior area. Taken together, the study provides a better understanding about the MLC gene structure and their expression pattern in muscle development of S. chuatsi.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Chu
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China
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