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Roveta C, Calcinai B, Girolametti F, Fernandes Couceiro J, Puce S, Annibaldi A, Costa R. The prokaryotic community of Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847: from diversity to mercury detection. ZOOLOGY 2023; 158:126091. [PMID: 37003141 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2023.126091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities inhabiting sponges are known to take part in many metabolic pathways, including nutrient cycles, and possibly also in the bioaccumulation of trace elements (TEs). Here, we used high-throughput, Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes to characterize the prokaryotic communities present in the cortex and choanosome, respectively the external and internal body region of Chondrosia reniformis, and in the surrounding seawater. Furthermore, we estimated the total mercury content (THg) in these body regions of the sponge and in the corresponding microbial cell pellets. Fifteen prokaryotic phyla were detected in association with C. reniformis, 13 belonging to the domain Bacteria and two to the Archaea. No significant differences between the prokaryotic community composition of the two regions were found. Three lineages of ammonium-oxidizing organisms (Cenarchaeum symbiosum, Nitrosopumilus maritimus, and Nitrosococcus sp.) co-dominated the prokaryotic community, suggesting ammonium oxidation/nitrification as a key metabolic pathway within the microbiome of C. reniformis. In the sponge fractions, higher THg levels were found in the choanosome compared to the cortex. In contrast, comparable THg levels found in the microbial pellets obtained from both regions were significantly lower than those observed in the corresponding sponge fractions. Our work provides new insights into the prokaryotic communities and TEs distribution in different body parts of a model organism relevant for marine conservation and biotechnology. In this sense, this study paves the way for scientists to deepen the possible application of sponges not only as bioindicators, but also as bioremediation tools of metal polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Roveta
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Barbara Calcinai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Federico Girolametti
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Joana Fernandes Couceiro
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Stefania Puce
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Annibaldi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Portugal
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2
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Li X, Li Y, Liu B, Chen L, Lyu F, Zhang P, He Q, Cheng L, Liu C, Song Y, Xing Y. P4HA2-mediated HIF-1α stabilization promotes erdafitinib-resistance in FGFR3-alteration bladder cancer. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22840. [PMID: 36943397 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201247r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Erdafitinib is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor that has shown great therapeutic promise for solid tumor patients with FGFR3 alterations, especially in urothelial carcinoma. However, the mechanisms of resistance to FGFR inhibitors remain poorly understood. In this study, we found Erdafitinib could kill cells by inducing incomplete autophagy and increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. We have established an Erdafitinib-resistant cell line, RT-112-RS. whole transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and Cytospace analysis performed on Erdafitinib-resistant RT-112-RS cells and parental RT-112 cells introduced P4HA2 as a linchpin to Erdafitinib resistance. The gain and loss of function study provided evidence for P4HA2 conferring such resistance in RT-112 cells. Furthermore, P4HA2 could stabilize the HIF-1α protein which then activated downstream target genes to reduce reactive oxygen species levels in bladder cancer. In turn, HIF-1α could directly bind to P4HA2 promoter, indicating a positive loop between P4HA2 and HIF-1α in bladder cancer. These results suggest a substantial role of P4HA2 in mediating acquired resistance to Erdafitinib and provide a potential target for bladder cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexiang Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunxue Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Lyu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingliu He
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulin Cheng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yarong Song
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifei Xing
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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Potential Biomedical Applications of Collagen Filaments derived from the Marine Demosponges Ircinia oros (Schmidt, 1864) and Sarcotragus foetidus (Schmidt, 1862). Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100563. [PMID: 34677462 PMCID: PMC8540060 DOI: 10.3390/md19100563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen filaments derived from the two marine demosponges Ircinia oros and Sarcotragus foetidus were for the first time isolated, biochemically characterised and tested for their potential use in regenerative medicine. SDS-PAGE of isolated filaments revealed a main collagen subunit band of 130 kDa in both of the samples under study. DSC analysis on 2D membranes produced with collagenous sponge filaments showed higher thermal stability than commercial mammalian-derived collagen membranes. Dynamic mechanical and thermal analysis attested that the membranes obtained from filaments of S. foetidus were more resistant and stable at the rising temperature, compared to the ones derived from filaments of I. oros. Moreover, the former has higher stability in saline and in collagenase solutions and evident antioxidant activity. Conversely, their water binding capacity results were lower than that of membranes obtained from I. oros. Adhesion and proliferation tests using L929 fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes resulted in a remarkable biocompatibility of both developed membrane models, and gene expression analysis showed an evident up-regulation of ECM-related genes. Finally, membranes from I. oros significantly increased type I collagen gene expression and its release in the culture medium. The findings here reported strongly suggest the biotechnological potential of these collagenous structures of poriferan origin as scaffolds for wound healing.
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Fassini D, Wilkie IC, Pozzolini M, Ferrario C, Sugni M, Rocha MS, Giovine M, Bonasoro F, Silva TH, Reis RL. Diverse and Productive Source of Biopolymer Inspiration: Marine Collagens. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1815-1834. [PMID: 33835787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine biodiversity is expressed through the huge variety of vertebrate and invertebrate species inhabiting intertidal to deep-sea environments. The extraordinary variety of "forms and functions" exhibited by marine animals suggests they are a promising source of bioactive molecules and provides potential inspiration for different biomimetic approaches. This diversity is familiar to biologists and has led to intensive investigation of metabolites, polysaccharides, and other compounds. However, marine collagens are less well-known. This review will provide detailed insight into the diversity of collagens present in marine species in terms of their genetics, structure, properties, and physiology. In the last part of the review the focus will be on the most common marine collagen sources and on the latest advances in the development of innovative materials exploiting, or inspired by, marine collagens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Fassini
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Iain C Wilkie
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland
| | - Marina Pozzolini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ferrario
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy, Center for Complexity & Biosystems, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Sugni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy, Center for Complexity & Biosystems, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Miguel S Rocha
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Marco Giovine
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonasoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy, Center for Complexity & Biosystems, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Tiago H Silva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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5
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Scarfì S, Pozzolini M, Oliveri C, Mirata S, Salis A, Damonte G, Fenoglio D, Altosole T, Ilan M, Bertolino M, Giovine M. Identification, Purification and Molecular Characterization of Chondrosin, a New Protein with Anti-tumoral Activity from the Marine Sponge Chondrosia Reniformis Nardo 1847. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18080409. [PMID: 32748866 PMCID: PMC7459819 DOI: 10.3390/md18080409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
: Chondrosia reniformis is a common marine demosponge showing many peculiarities, lacking silica spicules and with a body entirely formed by a dense collagenous matrix. In this paper, we have described the identification of a new cytotoxic protein (chondrosin) with selective activity against specific tumor cell lines, from C. reniformis, collected from the Liguria Sea. Chondrosin was extracted and purified using a salting out approach and molecular weight size exclusion chromatography. The cytotoxic fractions were then characterized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis and matched the results with C. reniformis transcriptome database. The procedure allowed for identifying a full-length cDNA encoding for a 199-amino acids (aa) polypeptide, with a signal peptide of 21 amino acids. The mature protein has a theoretical molecular weight of 19611.12 and an IP of 5.11. Cell toxicity assays showed a selective action against some tumor cell lines (RAW 264.7 murine leukemia cells in particular). Cell death was determined by extracellular calcium intake, followed by cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species overproduction. The in silico modelling of chondrosin showed a high structural homology with the N-terminal region of the ryanodine receptor/channel and a short identity with defensin. The results are discussed suggesting a possible specific interaction of chondrosin with the Cav 1.3 ion voltage calcium channel expressed on the target cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Scarfì
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (C.O.); (S.M.); (M.B.)
- Centro 3R, Interuniversitary Center for the Promotion of the Principles of the 3Rs in Teaching and Research, Via Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina Pozzolini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (C.O.); (S.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Caterina Oliveri
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (C.O.); (S.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Serena Mirata
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (C.O.); (S.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Annalisa Salis
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Biochemistry Section, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.S.); (G.D.); (D.F.); (T.A.)
| | - Gianluca Damonte
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Biochemistry Section, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.S.); (G.D.); (D.F.); (T.A.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Fenoglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Biochemistry Section, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.S.); (G.D.); (D.F.); (T.A.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Tiziana Altosole
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Biochemistry Section, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.S.); (G.D.); (D.F.); (T.A.)
| | - Micha Ilan
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Marco Bertolino
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (C.O.); (S.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Marco Giovine
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (C.O.); (S.M.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-3533-8221
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6
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Greco G, Di Piazza S, Gallus L, Amaroli A, Pozzolini M, Ferrando S, Bertolino M, Scarfì S, Zotti M. First identification of a fatal fungal infection of the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis by Aspergillus tubingensis. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 135:227-239. [PMID: 31535618 DOI: 10.3354/dao03397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sponges are considered promising sources of biomolecules for both pharmaceutical and cosmetic interests as well as for the production of biomaterials suitable for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Accordingly, the ability to grow sponges in captivity and in healthy conditions to increase their biomass is a required goal for the development of sponge aquaculture systems. To date, little information is available about the pathogenicity of fungi associated with sponges. In our study, we identified an infection in freshly collected specimens of Chondrosia reniformis (Porifera, Demospongiae) and determined that the fungus Aspergillus tubingensis was the pathogen responsible. This is the first description of a natural infection of C. reniformis by A. tubingensis. Despite raising an inflammatory response by means of an increase in tumour necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA, the infected C. reniformis specimens were not able to control the fungal infection, leading to rotting in 15 d. Characterization of this infection shows that a widely distributed fungus can represent a potential hazard to sponge aquaculture industries and how, especially in stressed or compromised marine environments, this fungus could represent a fatal opportunistic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Greco
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Italy
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7
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Pozzolini M, Gallus L, Ghignone S, Ferrando S, Candiani S, Bozzo M, Bertolino M, Costa G, Bavestrello G, Scarfì S. Insights into the evolution of metazoan regenerative mechanisms: roles of TGF superfamily members in tissue regeneration of the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.207894. [PMID: 31371401 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.207894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tissue repair is an adaptive and widespread metazoan response. It is characterised by different cellular mechanisms and complex signalling networks that involve numerous growth factors and cytokines. In higher animals, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling plays a fundamental role in wound healing. In order to evaluate the involvement of TGF superfamily members in lower invertebrate tissue regeneration, sequences for putative TGF ligands and receptors were isolated from the transcriptome of the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis We identified seven transcripts that coded for TGF superfamily ligands and three for TGF superfamily receptors. Phylogenetically, C. reniformis TGF ligands were not grouped into any TGF superfamily clades and thus presumably evolved independently, whereas the TGF receptors clustered in the Type I receptor group. We performed gene expression profiling of these transcripts in sponge regenerating tissue explants. Data showed that three ligands (TGF1, TGF3 and TGF6) were mainly expressed during early regeneration and seemed to be involved in stem cell maintenance, whereas two others (TGF4 and TGF5) were strongly upregulated during late regeneration and thus were considered pro-differentiating factors. The presence of a strong TGF inhibitor, SB431542, blocked the restoration of the exopinacoderm layer in the sponge explants, confirming the functional involvement of the TGF pathway in tissue regeneration in these early evolved animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pozzolini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gallus
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Ghignone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-Turin Unit (CNR), Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Ferrando
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Candiani
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Bozzo
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Bertolino
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Costa
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bavestrello
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Sonia Scarfì
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
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8
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Carvalho AM, Marques AP, Silva TH, Reis RL. Evaluation of the Potential of Collagen from Codfish Skin as a Biomaterial for Biomedical Applications. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E495. [PMID: 30544788 PMCID: PMC6316778 DOI: 10.3390/md16120495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is one of the most widely used biomaterials, not only due its biocompatibility, biodegradability and weak antigenic potential, but also due to its role in the structure and function of tissues. Searching for alternative collagen sources, the aim of this study was to extract collagen from the skin of codfish, previously obtained as a by-product of fish industrial plants, and characterize it regarding its use as a biomaterial for biomedical application, according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Guidelines. Collagen type I with a high degree of purity was obtained through acid-extraction, as confirmed by colorimetric assays, SDS-PAGE and amino acid composition. Thermal analysis revealed a denaturing temperature around 16 °C. Moreover, collagen showed a concentration-dependent effect in metabolism and on cell adhesion of lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells. In conclusion, this study shows that collagen can be obtained from marine-origin sources, while preserving its bioactivity, supporting its use in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Carvalho
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs⁻Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Avepark⁻Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's⁻PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Alexandra P Marques
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs⁻Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Avepark⁻Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's⁻PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Tiago H Silva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs⁻Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Avepark⁻Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's⁻PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs⁻Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Avepark⁻Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's⁻PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
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9
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Pozzolini M, Millo E, Oliveri C, Mirata S, Salis A, Damonte G, Arkel M, Scarfì S. Elicited ROS Scavenging Activity, Photoprotective, and Wound-Healing Properties of Collagen-Derived Peptides from the Marine Sponge Chondrosia reniformis. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16120465. [PMID: 30477144 PMCID: PMC6316299 DOI: 10.3390/md16120465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the bioactive properties of marine collagen and marine collagen hydrolysates have been demonstrated. Although there is some literature assessing the general chemical features and biocompatibility of collagen extracts from marine sponges, no data are available on the biological effects of sponge collagen hydrolysates for biomedical and/or cosmetic purposes. Here, we studied the in vitro toxicity, antioxidant, wound-healing, and photoprotective properties of four HPLC-purified fractions of trypsin-digested collagen extracts-marine collagen hydrolysates (MCHs)-from the marine sponge C. reniformis. The results showed that the four MCHs have no degree of toxicity on the cell lines analyzed; conversely, they were able to stimulate cell growth. They showed a significant antioxidant activity both in cell-free assays as well as in H₂O₂ or quartz-stimulated macrophages, going from 23% to 60% of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity for the four MCHs. Finally, an in vitro wound-healing test was performed with fibroblasts and keratinocytes, and the survival of both cells was evaluated after UV radiation. In both experiments, MCHs showed significant results, increasing the proliferation speed and protecting from UV-induced cell death. Overall, these data open the way to the use of C. reniformis MCHs in drug and cosmetic formulations for damaged or photoaged skin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pozzolini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Enrico Millo
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Biochemistry Section, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy.
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Caterina Oliveri
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Serena Mirata
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Salis
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Biochemistry Section, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy.
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Damonte
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Biochemistry Section, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy.
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Maria Arkel
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Biochemistry Section, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy.
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Sonia Scarfì
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy.
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10
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Pozzolini M, Scarfì S, Gallus L, Ferrando S, Cerrano C, Giovine M. Silica-induced fibrosis: an ancient response from the early metazoans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 220:4007-4015. [PMID: 29093191 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.166405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to crystalline silica particles causes silicosis, an occupational disease leading to an overproduction of collagen in the lung. The first step of this pathology is characterized by the release of inflammatory mediators. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine directly involved in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The marine demosponge Chondrosia reniformis is able to incorporate silica grains and partially dissolve the crystalline forms apparently without toxic effects. In the present work, C. reniformis tissue explants were treated with fine quartz dust and the expression level of fibrogenic genes was assayed by qPCR, demonstrating an overexpression of a fibrillar and a non-fibrillar collagen and of prolyl-4-hydroxylase enzyme. The deposition of new collagen could also be documented in quartz-treated sponge explants. Furthermore, TNF pro-inflammatory cytokine overexpression and involvement in silica-induced sponge collagen biosynthesis was demonstrated in quartz-treated explants as compared with controls by means of specific TNF inhibitors affecting the fibrogenic gene response. As no documentable detrimental effect was observed in treated explants, we conclude that the C. reniformis unique quartz engulfment and erosion is physiological and beneficial to the animal, leading to new collagen synthesis and strengthening of the body stiffness. Thus, we put forward the hypothesis that an ancient physiological behaviour from the lowest of the Metazoa, persisting through evolution via the same molecular mediators such as TNF, may have become the cause of disease in the specialized tissues of higher animals such as mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pozzolini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DiSTAV), University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sonia Scarfì
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DiSTAV), University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gallus
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DiSTAV), University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Ferrando
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DiSTAV), University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Cerrano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Giovine
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DiSTAV), University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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11
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Pozzolini M, Scarfì S, Gallus L, Castellano M, Vicini S, Cortese K, Gagliani MC, Bertolino M, Costa G, Giovine M. Production, Characterization and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Collagen Membranes Derived from Marine Sponge Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E111. [PMID: 29596370 PMCID: PMC5923398 DOI: 10.3390/md16040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is involved in the formation of complex fibrillar networks, providing the structural integrity of tissues. Its low immunogenicity and mechanical properties make this molecule a biomaterial that is extremely suitable for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) strategies in human health issues. Here, for the first time, we performed a thorough screening of four different methods to obtain sponge collagenous fibrillar suspensions (FSs) from C. reniformis demosponge, which were then chemically, physically, and biologically characterized, in terms of protein, collagen, and glycosaminoglycans content, viscous properties, biocompatibility, and antioxidant activity. These four FSs were then tested for their capability to generate crosslinked or not thin sponge collagenous membranes (SCMs) that are suitable for TERM purposes. Two types of FSs, of the four tested, were able to generate SCMs, either from crosslinking or not, and showed good mechanical properties, enzymatic degradation resistance, water binding capacity, antioxidant activity, and biocompatibility on both fibroblast and keratinocyte cell cultures. Finally, our results demonstrate that it is possible to adapt the extraction procedure in order to alternatively improve the mechanical properties or the antioxidant performances of the derived biomaterial, depending on the application requirements, thanks to the versatility of C. reniformis extracellular matrix extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pozzolini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Sonia Scarfì
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Gallus
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Maila Castellano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy.
| | - Silvia Vicini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy.
| | - Katia Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Human Anatomy Section, University of Genova, Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliani
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Human Anatomy Section, University of Genova, Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Marco Bertolino
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Costa
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Marco Giovine
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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12
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Ehrlich H, Wysokowski M, Żółtowska-Aksamitowska S, Petrenko I, Jesionowski T. Collagens of Poriferan Origin. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E79. [PMID: 29510493 PMCID: PMC5867623 DOI: 10.3390/md16030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis, structural diversity, and functionality of collagens of sponge origin are still paradigms and causes of scientific controversy. This review has the ambitious goal of providing thorough and comprehensive coverage of poriferan collagens as a multifaceted topic with intriguing hypotheses and numerous challenging open questions. The structural diversity, chemistry, and biochemistry of collagens in sponges are analyzed and discussed here. Special attention is paid to spongins, collagen IV-related proteins, fibrillar collagens from demosponges, and collagens from glass sponge skeletal structures. The review also focuses on prospects and trends in applications of sponge collagens for technology, materials science and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger str. 23, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
| | - Marcin Wysokowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 61131 Poznan, Poland; (M.W.); (S.Ż.-A.); (T.J.)
| | - Sonia Żółtowska-Aksamitowska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 61131 Poznan, Poland; (M.W.); (S.Ż.-A.); (T.J.)
| | - Iaroslav Petrenko
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger str. 23, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 61131 Poznan, Poland; (M.W.); (S.Ż.-A.); (T.J.)
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13
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Ferrario C, Ben Khadra Y, Czarkwiani A, Zakrzewski A, Martinez P, Colombo G, Bonasoro F, Candia Carnevali MD, Oliveri P, Sugni M. Fundamental aspects of arm repair phase in two echinoderm models. Dev Biol 2017; 433:297-309. [PMID: 29291979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration is a post-embryonic developmental process that ensures complete morphological and functional restoration of lost body parts. The repair phase is a key step for the effectiveness of the subsequent regenerative process: in vertebrates, efficient re-epithelialisation, rapid inflammatory/immune response and post-injury tissue remodelling are fundamental aspects for the success of this phase, their impairment leading to an inhibition or total prevention of regeneration. Among deuterostomes, echinoderms display a unique combination of striking regenerative abilities and diversity of useful experimental models, although still largely unexplored. Therefore, the brittle star Amphiura filiformis and the starfish Echinaster sepositus were here used to comparatively investigate the main repair phase events after injury as well as the presence and expression of immune system and extracellular matrix (i.e. collagen) molecules using both microscopy and molecular tools. Our results showed that emergency reaction and re-epithelialisation are similar in both echinoderm models, being faster and more effective than in mammals. Moreover, in comparison to the latter, both echinoderms showed delayed and less abundant collagen deposition at the wound site (absence of fibrosis). The gene expression patterns of molecules related to the immune response, such as Ese-fib-like (starfishes) and Afi-ficolin (brittle stars), were described for the first time during echinoderm regeneration providing promising starting points to investigate the immune system role in these regeneration models. Overall, the similarities in repair events and timing within the echinoderms and the differences with what has been reported in mammals suggest that effective repair processes in echinoderms play an important role for their subsequent ability to regenerate. Targeted molecular and functional analyses will shed light on the evolution of these abilities in the deuterostomian lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Ferrario
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; Center for Complexity&Biosystems, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 16, 20133 Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Yousra Ben Khadra
- Laboratoire de Recherche, Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Anna Czarkwiani
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom.
| | - Anne Zakrzewski
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom.
| | - Pedro Martinez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia I Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA (Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avancats), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Graziano Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bonasoro
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Maria Daniela Candia Carnevali
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Paola Oliveri
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom.
| | - Michela Sugni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; Center for Complexity&Biosystems, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 16, 20133 Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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14
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Bioinspiring Chondrosia reniformis (Nardo, 1847) Collagen-Based Hydrogel: A New Extraction Method to Obtain a Sticky and Self-Healing Collagenous Material. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15120380. [PMID: 29207538 PMCID: PMC5742840 DOI: 10.3390/md15120380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen is a natural and abundant polymer that serves multiple functions in both invertebrates and vertebrates. As collagen is the natural scaffolding for cells, collagen-based hydrogels are regarded as ideal materials for tissue engineering applications since they can mimic the natural cellular microenvironment. Chondrosia reniformis is a marine demosponge particularly rich in collagen, characterized by the presence of labile interfibrillar crosslinks similarly to those described in the mutable collagenous tissues (MCTs) of echinoderms. As a result single fibrils can be isolated using calcium-chelating and disulphide-reducing chemicals. In the present work we firstly describe a new extraction method that directly produces a highly hydrated hydrogel with interesting self-healing properties. The materials obtained were then biochemically and rheologically characterized. Our investigation has shown that the developed extraction procedure is able to extract collagen as well as other proteins and Glycosaminoglycans (GAG)-like molecules that give the collagenous hydrogel interesting and new rheological properties when compared to other described collagenous materials. The present work motivates further in-depth investigations towards the development of a new class of injectable collagenous hydrogels with tailored specifications.
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15
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Clark IA, Vissel B. The meteorology of cytokine storms, and the clinical usefulness of this knowledge. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:505-516. [PMID: 28451786 PMCID: PMC5495849 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The term cytokine storm has become a popular descriptor of the dramatic harmful consequences of the rapid release of polypeptide mediators, or cytokines, that generate inflammatory responses. This occurs throughout the body in both non-infectious and infectious disease states, including the central nervous system. In infectious disease it has become a useful concept through which to appreciate that most infectious disease is not caused directly by a pathogen, but by an overexuberant innate immune response by the host to its presence. It is less widely known that in addition to these roles in disease pathogenesis these same cytokines are also the basis of innate immunity, and in lower concentrations have many essential physiological roles. Here we update this field, including what can be learned through the history of how these interlinking three aspects of biology and disease came to be appreciated. We argue that understanding cytokine storms in their various degrees of acuteness, severity and persistence is essential in order to grasp the pathophysiology of many diseases, and thus the basis of newer therapeutic approaches to treating them. This particularly applies to the neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Clark
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Bryce Vissel
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia ,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
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16
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Pozzolini M, Ferrando S, Gallus L, Gambardella C, Ghignone S, Giovine M. Aquaporin in Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847 and Its Possible Role in the Interaction Between Cells and Engulfed Siliceous Particles. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2016; 230:220-232. [PMID: 27365417 DOI: 10.1086/bblv230n3p220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The sponge Chondrosia reniformis selectively engulfs siliceous particles that, when in crystalline form, become quickly dissolved in its ectosome. The molecular mechanism, identity, and physiological significance of the cells involved in this process are not completely understood. In the present study, we applied light and electronic microscopic techniques to show how the quartz particles in C. reniformis are enveloped through collagen fibers and host cells near the surface of these organisms. As various aquaporins from bacteria, animals, and plants bidirectionally conduct metalloids-including silicon ions--through the cell membrane, the presence and potential involvement of aquaporins in quartz dissolution in C. reniformis have been investigated. An aquaporin-like transcript (CrAQP) was isolated according to the transcriptome sequencing results in C. reniformis The full-length CrAQP cDNA is 907 nucleotides long, with a 795-base pair (bp), open reading frame encoding a protein of 265 amino acids, a 29-bp, 5'-non-coding region, and a 83-bp, 3'-untranslated region. The Bayesian phylogenetic inference suggests that CrAqp is closely related to the Aqp8L grade, which is also implicated in H2O2 transport. Quantification of CrAQP mRNA through qPCR indicated that the transcript level was higher in the ectosome than in the choanosome. Immunofluorescence of a mammalian AQP8 in C. reniformis showed positivity in some cells near the quartz particles, a finding that may support the initial hypothesis of the potential involvement of CrAQP in quartz erosion. However, the features of the primary structure of this protein offer a new viewpoint about the functional role of these molecules in this process: that CrAQP may be involved in the permeation of H2O2 released during silica erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pozzolini
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy;
| | - Sara Ferrando
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gallus
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Gambardella
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR) - CNR, Via De Marini 6, I-16149, Genoa, Italy; and
| | - Stefano Ghignone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP, Turin Unit) - CNR, V. le P. A. Mattioli 25, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Giovine
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
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17
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Pozzolini M, Scarfì S, Ghignone S, Mussino F, Vezzulli L, Cerrano C, Giovine M. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of the first Porifera tumor necrosis factor superfamily member and of its putative receptor in the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:88-98. [PMID: 26705701 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the molecular cloning and characterization of the first Tumor Necrosis Factor homologous and of its putative receptor in the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis: chTNF and chTNFR, respectively. The deduced chTNF amino acid sequence is a type II transmembrane protein containing the typical TNFSF domain. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that chTNF is more related to Chordata TNFs rather than to other invertebrates. chTNF and chTNFR are constitutively expressed both in the ectosome and in the choanosome of the sponge, with higher levels in the ectosome. chTNF and chTNFR mRNAs were monitored in sponge fragmorphs treated with Gram(+) or Gram(-) bacteria. chTNF was significantly upregulated in Gram(+)-treated fragmorphs as compared to controls, while chTNFR was upregulated by both treatments. Finally, the possible chTNF fibrogenic role in sponge fragmorphs was studied by TNF inhibitor treatment measuring fibrillar and non fibrillar collagen gene expression; results indicate that the cytokine is involved in sponge collagen deposition and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pozzolini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DiSTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132, Italy.
| | - Sonia Scarfì
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DiSTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132, Italy
| | - Stefano Ghignone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-Turin Unit (CNR), Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Mussino
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DiSTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132, Italy
| | - Luigi Vezzulli
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DiSTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132, Italy
| | - Carlo Cerrano
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences (DiSVA), Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Giovine
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DiSTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132, Italy
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18
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Pozzolini M, Scarfì S, Mussino F, Salis A, Damonte G, Benatti U, Giovine M. Pichia pastoris production of a prolyl 4-hydroxylase derived from Chondrosia reniformis sponge: A new biotechnological tool for the recombinant production of marine collagen. J Biotechnol 2015; 208:28-36. [PMID: 26022422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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