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Stenger P, Ky C, Vidal‐Dupiol J, Planes S, Reisser C. Identifying genes associated with genetic control of color polymorphism in the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera var. cumingii (Linnaeus 1758) using a comparative whole genome pool-sequencing approach. Evol Appl 2023; 16:408-427. [PMID: 36793698 PMCID: PMC9923487 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For hundreds of years, the color diversity of Mollusca shells has been a topic of interest for humanity. However, the genetic control underlying color expression is still poorly understood in mollusks. The pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera is increasingly becoming a biological model to study this process due to its ability to produce a large range of colors. Previous breeding experiments demonstrated that color phenotypes were partly under genetic control, and while a few genes were found in comparative transcriptomics and epigenetic experiments, genetic variants associated with the phenotypes have not yet been investigated. Here, we used a pooled-sequencing approach on 172 individuals to investigate color-associated variants on three color phenotypes of economic interest for pearl farming, in three wild and one hatchery populations. While our results uncovered SNPs targeting pigment-related genes already identified in previous studies, such as PBGD, tyrosinases, GST, or FECH, we also identified new color-related genes occurring in the same pathways, like CYP4F8, CYP3A4, and CYP2R1. Moreover, we identified new genes involved in novel pathways unknown to be involved in shell coloration for P. margaritifera, like the carotenoid pathway, BCO1. These findings are essential to possibly implement future breeding programs focused on individual selection for specific color production in pearl oysters and improve the footprint of perliculture on the Polynesian lagoon by producing less but with a better quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chin‐Long Ky
- Ifremer, IRD, Institut Louis‐MalardéUniv Polynésie française, EIOVairaoFrance
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via DomitiaMontpellierFrance
| | - Jeremie Vidal‐Dupiol
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via DomitiaMontpellierFrance
| | - Serge Planes
- PSL Research University, EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Labex Corail, Université de PerpignanPerpignan CedexFrance
| | - Céline Reisser
- Ifremer, IRD, Institut Louis‐MalardéUniv Polynésie française, EIOVairaoFrance
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRDMontpellierFrance
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Molecular Pathways and Pigments Underlying the Colors of the Pearl Oyster Pinctada margaritifera var. cumingii (Linnaeus 1758). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030421. [PMID: 33804186 PMCID: PMC7998362 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The shell color of the Mollusca has attracted naturalists and collectors for hundreds of years, while the molecular pathways regulating pigment production and the pigments themselves remain poorly described. In this study, our aim was to identify the main pigments and their molecular pathways in the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera—the species displaying the broadest range of colors. Three inner shell colors were investigated—red, yellow, and green. To maximize phenotypic homogeneity, a controlled population approach combined with common garden conditioning was used. Comparative analysis of transcriptomes (RNA-seq) of P. margaritifera with different shell colors revealed the central role of the heme pathway, which is involved in the production of red (uroporphyrin and derivates), yellow (bilirubin), and green (biliverdin and cobalamin forms) pigments. In addition, the Raper–Mason, and purine metabolism pathways were shown to produce yellow pigments (pheomelanin and xanthine) and the black pigment eumelanin. The presence of these pigments in pigmented shell was validated by Raman spectroscopy. This method also highlighted that all the identified pathways and pigments are expressed ubiquitously and that the dominant color of the shell is due to the preferential expression of one pathway compared with another. These pathways could likely be extrapolated to many other organisms presenting broad chromatic variation.
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Huang S, Jiang H, Zhang L, Gu Q, Wang W, Wen Y, Luo F, Jin W, Cao X. Integrated proteomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals that polymorphic shell colors vary with melanin synthesis in Bellamya purificata snail. J Proteomics 2020; 230:103950. [PMID: 32871245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The snail Bellamya purificata is an ecologically and economically important freshwater gastropod species. However, limited genomic resources are available for this snail. In this study, the transcriptome of mantle tissues and proteome of shells of B. purificata with two shell colors (namely light-cyan line (LC) and light-purple line (LP)) were deeply sequenced and characterized. A total of 5.72 million contigs were assembled into 157,015 unigenes, 21,455 (13.66%) of these unigenes were significantly matched to NR, Swiss-Prot, KOG, GO and KEGG database. 1807 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two different shell color lines. These DEGs were significantly enriched in five KEGG pathways including tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, and histidine metabolism, which suggested that the shell color polymorphism in B. purificata was a result of melanin synthesis variation. A total of 1521 proteins were identified in B. purificata here as well. The differentially expressed protein analysis showed that the tyrosinase content in LP was significantly decreased in comparison to LC, which agreed with the transcriptome analysis results. This study provides valuable genomic resources of B. purificata and improves our understanding of molecular mechanisms of biomineralization and shell color polymorphism in snail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqian Huang
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hanjun Jiang
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Marxism, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qianhong Gu
- The State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanhong Wen
- Liuzhou Aquaculture Technology Extending Station, Liuzhou, China
| | - Fuguang Luo
- Liuzhou Aquaculture Technology Extending Station, Liuzhou, China
| | - Wu Jin
- Sino-US Cooperative Laboratory for Germplasm Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Mollusks, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Zhang J, Luo S, Gu Z, Deng Y, Jiao Y. Genome-wide DNA Methylation Analysis of Mantle Edge and Mantle Central from Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata martensii. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:380-390. [PMID: 32140888 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a type of epigenetic modification that alters gene expression without changing the DNA sequence and mediates some cases of phenotypic plasticity. In this study, we identified six DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) genes and two methyl-CpG binding domain protein2 (MBD2) gene from Pinctada fucata martensii. We also analyzed the genome-wide DNA methylation levels of mantle edge (ME) and mantle central (MC) from P. f. martensii via methylated immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-Seq). Results revealed that both ME and MC had 122 million reads, and had 58,702 and 55,721 peaks, respectively. The obtained methylation patterns of gene elements and repeats showed that the methylation of the protein-coding genes, particularly intron and coding exons (CDSs), was more frequent than that of other genomic elements in the pearl oyster genome. We combined the methylation data with the RNA-seq data of the ME and MC of P. f. martensii and found that promoter, CDS, and intron methylation levels were positively correlated with gene expression levels except the highest gene expression level. We also identified 313 differential methylation genes (DMGs) and annotated 212 of them. These DMGs were significantly enriched in 30 pathways, such as amino acid and protein metabolism, energy metabolism, terpenoid synthesis, and immune-related pathways. This study comprehensively analyzed the methylomes of biomineralization-related tissues and helped enhance our understanding of the regulatory mechanism underlying shell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Zhang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Shaojie Luo
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zefeng Gu
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yu Jiao
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
- Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Kakinuma M, Yasumoto K, Suzuki M, Kasugai C, Koide M, Mitani K, Shidoji K, Kinoshita S, Hattori F, Maeyama K, Awaji M, Nagai K, Watabe S. Trivalent Iron Is Responsible for the Yellow Color Development in the Nacre of Akoya Pearl Oyster Shells. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:19-30. [PMID: 31728706 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The gold and cream colors of cultured Akoya pearls, as well as natural yellow nacre of pearl oyster shells, are thought to arise from intrinsic yellow pigments. While the isolation of the yellow pigments has been attempted using a large amount of gold pearls, the substance concerned is still unknown. We report here on the purification and characterization of yellow pigments from the nacre of Akoya pearl oyster shells. Two yellow components, YC1 and YC2, were isolated from the HCl-methanol (HCl-MeOH) extract from nacreous organic matrices obtained by decalcification of the shells with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Energy-dispersive X-ray and infrared spectroscopy analyses suggested that YC1 and YC2 precipitated under basic conditions are composed of Fe-containing inorganic and polyamide-containing organic compounds, respectively. YC1 solubilized under acidic conditions exhibited positive reactions to KSCN and K4[Fe(CN)6] reagents, showing the same ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum as those of Fe(III)-containing compounds. In addition, X-ray absorption fine structure analysis supported the compound in the form of Fe(III). The total amount of Fe was approximately 2.6 times higher in the yellow than white nacre, and most Fe was fractionated into the EDTA-decalcifying and HCl-MeOH extracts. These results suggest that Fe(III) coordinated to EDTA-soluble and insoluble matrix compounds are mainly associated with yellow color development not only in the Akoya pearl oyster shells but also in the cultured Akoya pearls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kakinuma
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Ko Yasumoto
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kasugai
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Mirai Koide
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kayo Mitani
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kaho Shidoji
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Hattori
- Research and Development Department, Mikimoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1425 Kurose, Ise, Mie, 516-8581, Japan
| | - Kaoru Maeyama
- Research and Development Department, Mikimoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1425 Kurose, Ise, Mie, 516-8581, Japan
| | - Masahiko Awaji
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 422-1 Nakatsuhamaura, Minami-ise, Mie, 516-0193, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Nagai
- Pearl Research Laboratory, Mikimoto Co., Ltd., 923 Hazako-osaki, Hamajima, Shima, Mie, 517-0403, Japan
| | - Shugo Watabe
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
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Zhu ZX, Jiang DL, Li BJ, Qin H, Meng ZN, Lin HR, Xia JH. Differential Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Responses in the Liver of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Exposed to Acute Ammonia. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 21:488-502. [PMID: 31076921 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is toxic to aquatic animal. Currently, only limited works were reported on the responses of aquatic animals after ammonia exposure using "omics" technologies. Tilapia suffers from the stress of ammonia-nitrogen during intensive recirculating aquaculture. Optimizing ammonia stress tolerance has become an important issue in tilapia breeding. The molecular and biochemical mechanisms of ammonia-nitrogen toxicity have not been understood comprehensively in tilapia yet. In this study, using RNA-seq and gas chromatograph system coupled with a Pegasus HT time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC-TOF-MS) techniques, we investigated differential expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolomes in the liver at 6 h post-challenges (6 hpc) and 24 h post-challenges (24 hpc) under high concentration of ammonia-nitrogen treatment. We detected 2258 DEGs at 6 hpc and 315 DEGs at 24 hpc. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs were significantly associated with cholesterol biosynthesis, steroid and lipid metabolism, energy conservation, and mitochondrial tissue organization. Metabolomic analysis detected 31 and 36 metabolites showing significant responses to ammonia-nitrogen stress at 6 and 24 hpc, respectively. D-(Glycerol 1-phosphate), fumaric acid, and L-malic acid were found significantly down-regulated at both 6 and 24 hpc. The integrative analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics suggested considerable alterations and precise control of gene expression at both physiological and molecular levels in response to the stress of ammonia-nitrogen in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Xian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Ning Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Xu M, Huang J, Shi Y, Zhang H, He M. Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of yellow shell and black shell pearl oysters, Pinctada fucata martensii. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:469. [PMID: 31176356 PMCID: PMC6555990 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii (Pfu.), widely cultured in the South China Sea, is a precious source of sea pearls and calcifying materials. A yellow shell variety of Pfu. was obtained after years of artificial breeding. To identify differentially expressed genes between yellow shell and normal black shell pearl oysters, we performed transcriptomic sequencing and proteomic analyses using mantle edge tissues. RESULTS A total of 56,969 unigenes were obtained from transcriptomic, of which 21,610 were annotated, including 385 annotated significant up-regulated genes and 227 significant down-regulated genes in yellow shell oysters (| log2 (fold change) | ≥2 and false discovery rate < 0.001). Tyrosine metabolism, calcium signalling pathway, phototransduction, melanogenesis pathways and rhodopsin related Gene Ontology (GO) terms were enriched with significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in transcriptomic. Proteomic sequencing identified 1769 proteins, of which 51 were significantly differentially expressed in yellow shell oysters. Calmodulin, N66 matrix protein, nacre protein and Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor were up-regulated in yellow shell oysters at both mRNA and protein levels, while glycine-rich protein shematrin-2, mantle gene 4, and sulphide: quinone oxidoreductase were down-regulated at two omics levels. Particularly, calmodulin, nacre protein N16.3, mantle gene 4, sulphide: quinone oxidoreductase, tyrosinase-like protein 3, cytochrome P450 3A were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Yellow shell oysters possessed higher total carotenoid content (TCC) compared than black shell oyster based on spectrophotography. CONCLUSIONS The yellow phenotype of pearl oysters, characterised by higher total carotenoids content, may reflect differences in retinal and rhodopsin metabolism, melanogenesis, calcium signalling pathway and biomineralisation. These results provide insights for exploring the relationships between calcium regulation, biomineralisation and yellow shell colour pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Maoxian He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
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Wang W, Lei Q, Liang H, He J. Towards a better understanding of allograft-induced stress response in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii: Insights from iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:186-195. [PMID: 30458307 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Implantation of a spherical nucleus into a recipient oyster is a critical step in artificial pearl production. The implanted nucleus is known to trigger cellular stress responses at several levels, yet the molecular mechanism underpinning physiological adaptation of the pearl oysters to nucleus implantation is still poorly understood. In this study, we took advantage of the iTRAQ-based proteomics and LC-MS/MS approach to look into allograft induced gene regulation at the protein expression level in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii, across a period of 30 days following nucleus implantation. A wide variety of proteins, including a group of immune-related proteins such as E3 ubiquitin-ligase and heat shock proteins, exhibited differential expression in response to the surgical operation. Further comparisons between different sampling points revealed that GO terms including "translation" and "oxidation-reduction process" and KEGG pathways including "glycolysis/gluconeogenesis" and "pyruvate metabolism" were significantly enriched at several time points, indicating the important roles of these molecular events in the stress response of pearl oysters to nucleus implantation. In addition, considerable discrepancy between protein expression level and gene transcript abundancy was identified, as only a few genes showed at least 2-fold expression changes at both proteomic and transcriptomic levels. The result implies that post-transcriptional gene regulation for the key proteins may represent an important aspect of allograft-induced stress response in the pearl oysters. Taken together, the data obtained would contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms enabling stress adaptation of the pearl oysters in response to nucleus implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qiannan Lei
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Haiying Liang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Junjun He
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China
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