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Tsegay ZT, Agriopoulou S, Chaari M, Smaoui S, Varzakas T. Statistical Tools to Optimize the Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Marine Byproducts. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:182. [PMID: 38667799 PMCID: PMC11050780 DOI: 10.3390/md22040182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Techniques for extracting important bioactive molecules from seafood byproducts, viz., bones, heads, skin, frames, fins, shells, guts, and viscera, are receiving emphasis due to the need for better valorization. Employing green extraction technologies for efficient and quality production of these bioactive molecules is also strictly required. Hence, understanding the extraction process parameters to effectively design an applicable optimization strategy could enable these improvements. In this review, statistical optimization strategies applied for the extraction process parameters of obtaining bioactive molecules from seafood byproducts are focused upon. The type of experimental designs and techniques applied to criticize and validate the effects of independent variables on the extraction output are addressed. Dominant parameters studied were the enzyme/substrate ratio, pH, time, temperature, and power of extraction instruments. The yield of bioactive compounds, including long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, peptides, enzymes, gelatine, collagen, chitin, vitamins, polyphenolic constituents, carotenoids, etc., were the most studied responses. Efficiency and/or economic and quality considerations and their selected optimization strategies that favor the production of potential bioactive molecules were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenebe Tadesse Tsegay
- Department of Food Science and Post-Harvest Technology, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Mekelle P.O. Box 231, Ethiopia;
| | - Sofia Agriopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece;
| | - Moufida Chaari
- Laboratory of Microbial and Enzymatic Biotechnologies and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Slim Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microbial and Enzymatic Biotechnologies and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece;
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Golestani A, Rahimi A, Najafzadeh M, Sayadi M, Sajjadi SM. "Combination treatments of imatinib with astaxanthin and crocin efficiently ameliorate antioxidant status, inflammation and cell death progression in imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells". Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:108. [PMID: 38227060 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imatinib resistance remains a major obstacle in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Crocin (CRC) and astaxanthin (ATX) are phytochemicals with anti-cancer properties. AIMS This study aimed to explore the effects of combination treatment of Imatinib with CRC and ATX on Imatinib-resistant K562 (IR-K562) cells. METHODS AND RESULTS After the establishment of IR-K562 cells, growth inhibitory activity was determined by the MTT assay. To test the regeneration potential, a colony formation assay was performed. Cell cycle analyses were examined by flow cytometry. Cell injury was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Real-time PCR was applied to assess the expression of IL6, TNF-α, STAT3, BAD, CASP3, TP53, and Bcl-2 genes. Caspase-3 activity was determined by a colorimetric assay. Antioxidant activity was measured using a diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. After 48 h of treatment, ATX (IC50 = 30µM) and CRC (IC50 = 190µM) significantly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation ability, induced G1 cell cycle arrest and cell injury, upregulated the expression of apoptosis-associated genes, and downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic and inflammatory genes. The combination of IM with ATX and/or CRC synergistically reduced cell viability (combination index [CI] < 1). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that IM shows better therapeutic efficacy at lower doses when combined with ATX and/or CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Golestani
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Atefeh Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahsa Najafzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahtab Sayadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mehdi Sajjadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Astaxanthin decreases the growth-inhibitory dose of cytarabine and inflammatory response in the acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line NALM-6. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6415-6422. [PMID: 35441937 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of the great progress in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment, a large number of patients still suffer from chemotherapy drug toxicity. As a routine medication for ALL treatment, cytarabine (Ara-C) has many side effects on the patients. Astaxanthin (ASX), on the other hand, is a carotenoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. PURPOSE The present study investigated the effects of ASX in combination with Ara-C on cell proliferation, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle arrest in NALM-6 cell line. METHODS NALM6 cells were treated with different concentrations of ASX, Ara-C, and their co-treatment. Cytotoxic effects were evaluated using MTT assay. After treating the cells with the IC50 dose of ASX, Ara-C and their co-treatment, we studied apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and expression of apoptotic, anti-apoptotic, and inflammatory genes. RESULT MTT assay demonstrated that co-treatment of cytarabine and ASX had greater cytotoxicity effects compared with the IC50 dose of Ara-C alone. After 48 h of treatment of NALM-6 cells with the combination dose, expression levels of apoptotic genes (P53, caspase-8, 3), the anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-xL) and inflammatory genes (IL-6, TNF-α) changed significantly compared to the untreated group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Co-treatment of ASX and Ara-C has synergism effects on apoptosis pathways, cell proliferation inhibition, and decreased inflammation.
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Zhang Y, Wang R, Jiang X. In vitro Inhibitory Effects of Glucosinolate from Tumorous Stem Mustard Against H1299.A549 Lung Cancer Cells. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bioprocessing of Shrimp Waste Using Novel Industrial By-Products: Effects on Nutrients and Lipophilic Antioxidants. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of marine foods is on the rise, and shrimp is one of the most widely consumed. As a result, a considerable amount of shrimp waste is generated, becoming a hazardous problem. Shrimp waste is a rich source of added-value components such as proteins, lipids, chitin, minerals, and carotenoids; however, new bioprocesses are needed to obtain these components. This work aimed to characterize the chemical and nutraceutical constituents from the liquor of shrimp waste recovered during a lactic acid fermentation process using the novel substrate sources whey and molasses. Our results showed that the lyophilized liquor is a rich source of proteins (25.40 ± 0.67%), carbohydrates (38.92 ± 0.19%), minerals (calcium and potassium), saturated fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, myristic and lauric acids), unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic, and palmitoleic acids), and astaxanthin (0.50 ± 0.02 µg astaxanthin/g). Moreover, fermentation is a bioprocess that allowed us to obtain antioxidants such as carotenoids with an antioxidant capacity of 154.43 ± 4.73 µM Trolox equivalent/g evaluated by the ABTS method. Our study showed that liquor from shrimp waste fermentation could be a source of nutraceutical constituents with pharmaceutical applications. However, further studies are needed to separate these added-value components from the liquor matrix.
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Cabanillas-Bojórquez LA, Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP, González-Aguilar GA, López-Martinez LX, Castillo-López RI, Bastidas-Bastidas PDJ, Heredia JB. Valorization of Fermented Shrimp Waste with Supercritical CO 2 Conditions: Extraction of Astaxanthin and Effect of Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion on Its Antioxidant Capacity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154465. [PMID: 34361618 PMCID: PMC8348114 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid fermentation increases the bioactive properties of shrimp waste. Astaxanthin is the principal carotenoid present in shrimp waste, which can be found esterified in the liquid fraction (liquor) after its lactic acid fermentation. Supercritical CO2 technology has been proposed as a green alternative to obtain astaxanthin from fermented shrimp waste. This study aimed to optimize astaxanthin extraction by supercritical CO2 technology from fermented liquor of shrimp waste and study bioaccessibility using simulated gastrointestinal digestion (GD) of the optimized extract. A Box–Behnken design with three variables (pressure, temperature, and flow rate) was used to optimize the supercritical CO2 extraction. The optimized CO2 extract was obtained at 300 bar, 60 °C, and 6 mL/min, and the estimated characteristics showed a predictive extraction yield of 11.17%, antioxidant capacity of 1.965 mmol of Trolox equivalent (TE)/g, and astaxanthin concentration of 0.6353 µg/g. The experiment with optimal conditions performed to validate the predicted values showed an extraction yield of 12.62%, an antioxidant capacity of 1.784 mmol TE/g, and an astaxanthin concentration of 0.52 µg/g. The astaxanthin concentration decreased, and the antioxidant capacity of the optimized extract increased during gastrointestinal digestion. In conclusion, our optimized supercritical CO2 process is suitable for obtaining astaxanthin from shrimp by-products after lactic acid fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Angel Cabanillas-Bojórquez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5 Col. Campo El Diez, Culiacán CP 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico; (L.A.C.-B.); (P.d.J.B.-B.)
| | - Erick Paul Gutiérrez-Grijalva
- Cátedras CONACyT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5 Col. Campo El Diez, Culiacán CP 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico;
| | - Gustavo Adolfo González-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. CTAOV, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo CP 83304, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Leticia Xochitl López-Martinez
- Cátedras CONACyT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo CP 83304, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Ramón Ignacio Castillo-López
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacán CP 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico;
| | - Pedro de Jesús Bastidas-Bastidas
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5 Col. Campo El Diez, Culiacán CP 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico; (L.A.C.-B.); (P.d.J.B.-B.)
| | - José Basilio Heredia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5 Col. Campo El Diez, Culiacán CP 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico; (L.A.C.-B.); (P.d.J.B.-B.)
- Correspondence:
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Astaxanthin Relieves Busulfan-Induced Oxidative Apoptosis in Cultured Human Spermatogonial Stem Cells by Activating the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:374-394. [PMID: 34129218 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many child cancer patients endure anticancer therapy containing alkylating agents before sexual maturity. Busulfan (BU), as an alkylating agent, is a chemotherapy drug, causing DNA damage and cytotoxicity in germ cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of astaxanthin (AST), as a potent antioxidant and powerful reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, on BU-induced toxicity in human spermatogonial stem cells. For this purpose, testes were obtained from four brain-dead donors. After tissue enzymatic digestions, testicular cells were cultured for 3 weeks for spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) isolation and purification. K562 cell line was cultured to survey the effect of AST on cancer treatment. The cultured SSCs and K562 cell line were finally treated with AST (10μM), BU (0.1nM), and AST+BU. The expression of NRF-2, HO-1, SOD2, SOD3, TP53, and apoptotic genes, including CASP9, CASP3, BCL2, and BAX, were assayed using real-time PCR. Moreover, ROS level in different groups and malondialdehyde level and total antioxidant capacity in cell contraction of SSCs were measured using ELISA. Data showed that AST significantly upregulated the expression of NRF-2 gene (P<0.001) and protein (P<0.005) and also significantly decreased the production of BU-induced ROS (P<0.001). AST activated the NRF-2/HO-1 pathway that could remarkably restrain BU-induced apoptosis in SSCs. Interestingly, AST upregulated the expression level of apoptosis genes in the K562 cell line. The results of this study indicated that AST reduces the side effects of BU on SSCs without interference with its chemotherapy effect on cancerous cells through modulation of the NRF-2/HO-1 and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathways.
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Comparison of Different Methods for Extracting the Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis: Chemical Composition and Biological Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123569. [PMID: 34208026 PMCID: PMC8230668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the impact of different cell disruption techniques (high-pressure micro fluidization (HPMF), ionic liquids (ILs), multi-enzyme (ME), and hydrochloric acid (HCl)) on the chemical composition and biological activity of astaxanthin (AST) obtained from Haematococcus pluvialis was investigated. Results indicated that all cell disruption techniques had a significant effect on AST composition, which were confirmed by TLC and UPC2 analysis. AST recovery from HCl (HCl-AST) and ILs (ILs-AST) cell disruption techniques was dominant by free and monoesters AST, while AST recovery from HPMF (HPMF-AST) and ME (ME-AST) cell disruption techniques was composed of monoesters, diesters, and free AST. Further biological activity analysis displayed that HCl-AST showed the highest ABTS and DPPH activity, while ILs-AST showed better results against the ORAC assay. Additionally, ILs-AST exhibits a stronger anti-proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was ascribed to AST-induced ROS in to inhibit the proliferative of cancer cells.
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Messina CM, Manuguerra S, Arena R, Renda G, Ficano G, Randazzo M, Fricano S, Sadok S, Santulli A. In Vitro Bioactivity of Astaxanthin and Peptides from Hydrolisates of Shrimp ( Parapenaeus longirostris) By-Products: From the Extraction Process to Biological Effect Evaluation, as Pilot Actions for the Strategy "From Waste to Profit". Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19040216. [PMID: 33924455 PMCID: PMC8070669 DOI: 10.3390/md19040216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-edible parts of crustaceans could be a rich source of valuable bioactive compounds such as the carotenoid astaxanthin and peptides, which have well-recognized beneficial effects. These compounds are widely used in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, and their market is rapidly growing, suggesting the need to find alternative sources. The aim of this work was to set up a pilot-scale protocol for the reutilization of by-products of processed shrimp, in order to address the utilization of this valuable biomass for nutraceutical and pharmaceuticals application, through the extraction of astaxanthin-enriched oil and antioxidant-rich protein hydrolysates. Astaxanthin (AST) was obtained using “green extraction methods,” such as using fish oil and different fatty acid ethyl esters as solvents and through supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), whereas bioactive peptides were obtained by protease hydrolysis. Both astaxanthin and bioactive peptides exhibited bioactive properties in vitro in cellular model systems, such as antioxidant and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities (IA). The results show higher astaxanthin yields in ethyl esters fatty acids (TFA) extraction and significant enrichment by short-path distillation (SPD) up to 114.80 ± 1.23 µg/mL. Peptide fractions of <3 kDa and 3–5 kDa exhibited greater antioxidant activity while the fraction 5–10 kDa exhibited a better ACE-IA. Lower-molecular-weight bioactive peptides and astaxanthin extracted using supercritical fluids showed protective effects against oxidative damage in 142BR and in 3T3 cell lines. These results suggest that “green” extraction methods allow us to obtain high-quality bioactive compounds from large volumes of shrimp waste for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Maria Messina
- Dipartimento di Scienze della terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (S.M.); (R.A.); (G.R.); (G.F.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Simona Manuguerra
- Dipartimento di Scienze della terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (S.M.); (R.A.); (G.R.); (G.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Rosaria Arena
- Dipartimento di Scienze della terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (S.M.); (R.A.); (G.R.); (G.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Renda
- Dipartimento di Scienze della terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (S.M.); (R.A.); (G.R.); (G.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Giovanna Ficano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (S.M.); (R.A.); (G.R.); (G.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Mariano Randazzo
- Istituto di Biologia Marina, Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy;
| | - Stefano Fricano
- Dipartimento di Science Economiche, Aziendali e Statistiche, DSEAS, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 13, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Saloua Sadok
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology & Aquatic Bioproducts (B3Aqua), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Annexe La Goulette Port de Pêche, La Goulette 2060, Tunisia;
| | - Andrea Santulli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (S.M.); (R.A.); (G.R.); (G.F.); (A.S.)
- Istituto di Biologia Marina, Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy;
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Messina CM, Arena R, Manuguerra S, Renda G, Laudicella VA, Ficano G, Fazio G, La Barbera L, Santulli A. Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream ( Sparus aurata) by-Products Valorization: Viscera Oil ω-3 Enrichment by Short-Path Distillation and In Vitro Bioactivity Evaluation. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19030160. [PMID: 33803687 PMCID: PMC8002999 DOI: 10.3390/md19030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows a pilot scale protocol aimed to obtain an omega 3-enriched oil after the processing of farmed gilthead sea bream viscera (SBV); this was oil was tested in vitro for bioactivity, attesting to the possibility to turn waste into profit The quality of the oil, in terms of requirements for animal and human consumption, was assessed by determining some chemical parameters, such as peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ρ-anisidine (ρ-AV) content, total oxidation value (TOTOX), and phospholipids and free fatty acid (%), both in crude viscera oil (CVO) and refined viscera oil (RVO). Among the extraction conditions, the higher CVO yields were obtained at 60 °C for 10 min (57.89%) and at 80 °C for 10 min (67.5%), and the resulting oxidation levels were low when utilizing both extraction conditions. RVO, obtained from CVO extracted at 60 °C, showed the highest quality on the basis of the assessed parameters. The ethyl esters of the total fatty acid (TFA) contents extracted from RVO were enriched in the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid fraction (PUFAE) up to almost 56% via short path distillation (SPD). Antioxidant activities and adipogenic properties were tested in vitro. PUFAE protected 3T3 L1 cells from oxidative stress and exerted an anti-adipogenic effect in Dicentrarchus labrax pre-adipocytes, attesting to the beneficial properties for both farmed fish and human health. These results could stimulate the adoption of solutions aimed to recover and utilize aquaculture by-products at a higher scale, turning "waste into profit" and indicating a strategy to reach more sustainable business models in aquaculture resource utilization according to the principles of the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Maria Messina
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (C.M.M.); (R.A.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Rosaria Arena
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (C.M.M.); (R.A.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Simona Manuguerra
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (C.M.M.); (R.A.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Renda
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (C.M.M.); (R.A.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Alessandro Laudicella
- Istituto di Biologia Marina, Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (V.A.L.); (L.L.B.)
| | - Giovanna Ficano
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (C.M.M.); (R.A.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Gioacchino Fazio
- Dipartimento di Science Economiche, Aziendali e Statistiche, DSEAS, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 13, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Laura La Barbera
- Istituto di Biologia Marina, Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (V.A.L.); (L.L.B.)
| | - Andrea Santulli
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (C.M.M.); (R.A.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (G.F.)
- Istituto di Biologia Marina, Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (V.A.L.); (L.L.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Li X, Zhao H, Chen X. Screening of Marine Bioactive Antimicrobial Compounds for Plant Pathogens. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:69. [PMID: 33525648 PMCID: PMC7912171 DOI: 10.3390/md19020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases have been threatening food production. Controlling plant pathogens has become an important strategy to ensure food security. Although chemical control is an effective disease control strategy, its application is limited by many problems, such as environmental impact and pathogen resistance. In order to overcome these problems, it is necessary to develop more chemical reagents with new functional mechanisms. Due to their special living environment, marine organisms have produced a variety of bioactive compounds with novel structures, which have the potential to develop new fungicides. In the past two decades, screening marine bioactive compounds to inhibit plant pathogens has been a hot topic. In this review, we summarize the screening methods of marine active substances from plant pathogens, the identification of marine active substances from different sources, and the structure and antibacterial mechanism of marine active natural products. Finally, the application prospect of marine bioactive substances in plant disease control was prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (X.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hejing Zhao
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (X.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Aquaculture and by-products: Challenges and opportunities in the use of alternative protein sources and bioactive compounds. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 92:127-185. [PMID: 32402443 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing concern about chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cancer and cardiovascular diseases resulting from profound changes in the western lifestyle. Aquaculture by-products are generated in large quantities and they can be profitably recycled through their bioactive compounds used for health or food supplements. Improving waste utilization in the field of aquaculture is essential for a sustainable industry to prevent or minimize the environmental impact. In this sense fish by-products are a great source of protein and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids which are particularly studied on Atlantic salmon or rainbow trout. Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) obtained from chemical, enzymatical and microbial hydrolysis of processing by-products are being used as a source of amino acids and peptides with high digestibility, fast absorption and important biological activities. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) from fish discards have been reported to decrease postprandial triacylglycerol levels, reduction of blood pressure, platelet aggregation and the inflammatory response. Crustacean by-products can also be used to produce chitosan with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity for food and pharmaceutical industries and carotenoids with important biological activity. Seaweeds are rich in bioactive compounds such as alginate, carrageenan, agar, carotenoids and polyphenols with different biological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory activity. Finally, regarding harvest microalgae, during the past decades, they were mainly used in the healthy food market, with >75% of the annual microalgal biomass production, used for the manufacture of powders, tablets, capsules or pills. We will report and discuss the present and future role of aquaculture by-products as sources of biomolecules for the design and development of functional foods/beverages. This chapter will focus on the main bioactive compounds from aquaculture by-products as functional compounds in food and their applications in biomedicine for the prevention and treatment of diseases.
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