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Wang X, Li M, Liu Z, Shi Z, Yu D, Ge B, Huang F. Carbonic anhydrase encapsulation using bamboo cellulose scaffolds for efficient CO 2 capture and conversion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134410. [PMID: 39097058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing carbonic anhydrase (CA) to catalyze CO2 hydration offers a sustainable and potent approach for carbon capture and utilization. To enhance CA's reusability and stability for successful industrial applications, enzyme immobilization is essential. In this study, delignified bamboo cellulose served as a renewable porous scaffold for immobilizing CA through oxidation-induced cellulose aldehydation followed by Schiff base linkage. The catalytic performance of the resulting immobilized CA was evaluated using both p-NPA hydrolysis and CO2 hydration models. Compared to free CA, immobilization onto the bamboo scaffold increased CA's optimal temperature and pH to approximately 45 °C and 9.0, respectively. Post-immobilization, CA activity demonstrated effective retention (>60 %), with larger scaffold sizes (i.e., 8 mm diameter and 5 mm height) positively impacting this aspect, even surpassing the activity of free CA. Furthermore, immobilized CA exhibited sustained reusability and high stability under thermal treatment and pH fluctuation, retaining >80 % activity even after 5 catalytic cycles. When introduced to microalgae culture, the immobilized CA improved biomass production by ∼16 %, accompanied by enhanced synthesis of essential biomolecules in microalgae. Collectively, the facile and green construction of immobilized CA onto bamboo cellulose block demonstrates great potential for the development of various CA-catalyzed CO2 conversion and utilization technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China.
| | - Menghan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Zhuang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Daoyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Baosheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China.
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Kumar V, Anand P, Srivastava A, Akhter Y, Verma D. The structural insights of L-asparaginase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa CSPS4 at elevated temperatures highlight its thermophilic nature. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:230. [PMID: 39280800 PMCID: PMC11391003 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, a novel thermophilic L-asparaginase (Asn_PA) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa CSPS4 was investigated to explore its structural insights at elevated temperatures. Sequence analysis of Asn_PA depicted three conserved motifs (VVILATGGTIAG, DGIVITHGTDTLEETAYFL, and, LRKQGVQIIRSSHVNAGGF), of them, two motifs exhibit catalytically-important residues i.e., T45 and T125. A homology modelling-based structure model for Asn_PA was generated with 4PGA as the top-matched template. The predicted structure was validated and energy was minimized. Molecular docking was carried out cantered at the active site for asparagine and glutamine as its substrate ligands. The enzyme-substrate interaction analysis showed binding affinities of - 4.8 and - 4.1 kcal/mol for asparagine and glutamine respectively. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies showed a better stability of Asn_PA at temperatures of 60 °C, over 40, 50 and, 80 °C, making this enzyme a novel L-asparaginase from other mesophilic P. aeruginosa strain. The trajectory analysis showed that RMSD, Rg, and, SASA values correlate well with each other in the different tested temperatures during the MD analysis. Thus, the present findings encourage extensive characterization of the Asn_PA using laboratory experiments to understand the structural behavior of the active site loop in an open or closed state with and without the substrate molecules. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04072-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025 India
| | - Pragya Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025 India
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025 India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025 India
| | - Digvijay Verma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025 India
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3
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Zhou C, He N, Lin X, Liu H, Lu Z, Zhang G. Site-directed display of zearalenone lactonase on spilt-intein functionalized nanocarrier for green and efficient detoxification of zearalenone. Food Chem 2024; 446:138804. [PMID: 38402766 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared a functional organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflower (InHNF) via split intein moiety in a biomineralization process without using organic solvents. InHNF could specifically bind the target enzymes from crude cell lysates within seconds and site-directedly display them on the surface by forming a peptide bond with enzyme's terminal amino acid residue. This unique feature enabled InHNF to increase the specific activity of zearalenone detoxifying enzyme ZHD518 by 40 ∼ 60% at all tested temperatures and prevented enzyme denaturation even under extreme pH conditions (pH 3-11). Furthermore, it exhibited excellent operational stability, with a residual activity of over 70% after eight reaction cycles. Strikingly, InHNF-ZHD518 achieved above 50% ZEN degradation despite the near inactivation of free ZHD518 in beer sample. Overall, InHNF nanocarriers can achieve environmentally friendly, purification-free, and site-directed immobilization of food enzymes and enhance their catalytic properties, making them suitable for a wide range of industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Nisha He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiaofan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hailin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhenghui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Guimin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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4
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Fan Y, Wei Z, Zhang Y, Duan X. Enhancing L-asparagine Production Through In Vivo ATP Regeneration System Utilizing Glucose Metabolism of Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04982-8. [PMID: 38900400 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
L-asparaginase synthetase, an ATP-dependent enzyme, necessitates ATP for its catalytic activity. However, the integration of L-asparaginase synthetase into industrial processes is curtailed by the prohibitive cost of ATP. To address this limitation, this study explores the construction of an efficient ATP regeneration system using the glucose metabolism of Escherichia coli, synergistically coupled with L-asparaginase synthetase catalysis. The optimal conditions for L-asparagine yield were determined in shake flasks. A total of 2.7 g/L was the highest yield achieved under specific parameters, including 0.1 mol/L of substrate, 0.2 mol/L glucose, 0.01 mol/L MgCl2 at pH 7.5, a temperature of 37 °C, and agitation at 300 r/min over 12 h. The process was then scaled to a 3-L fermenter, optimizing the addition rates of the substrate and magnesium chloride, and employing a constant glucose feed of 10 g/L/h. The scale-up process led to a significant enhancement in the production of L-asparagine. The yield of L-asparagine was increased to 38.49 g/L after 20 h of conversion, and the molar conversion rate reached 29.16%. This strategy has proven to be effective in improving the efficiency of L-asparagine production. When compared to in vitro ATP regeneration methods, this in vivo approach showcased superior efficiency and reduced costs. These findings furnish pivotal insights that may propel the enzymatic synthesis of L-asparagine toward viable industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Fan
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zijia Wei
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuguo Duan
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Lailaja VP, Hari V, Sumithra TG, Anusree VN, Suresh G, Sanil NK, Sharma S R K, Gopalakrishnan A. In vitro and in silico analysis unravelled clinically desirable attributes of Bacillus altitudinis L-asparaginase. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae062. [PMID: 38467390 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To identify a marine L-asparaginase with clinically desirable attributes and characterize the shortlisted candidate through in silico tools. METHODS AND RESULTS Marine bacterial strains (number = 105) isolated from marine crabs were evaluated through a stepwise strategy incorporating the crucial attributes for therapeutic safety. The results demonstrated the potential of eight bacterial species for extracellular L-asparaginase production. However, only one isolate (Bacillus altitudinis CMFRI/Bal-2) showed clinically desirable attributes, viz. extracellular production, type-II nature, lack of concurrent L-glutaminase and urease activities, and presence of ansZ (functional gene for clinical type). The enzyme production was 22.55 ± 0.5 µM/mg protein/min within 24 h without optimization. The enzyme also showed good activity and stability in pH 7-8 and temperature 37°C, predicting the functioning inside the human body. The Michealis-Menten constant (Km) was 14.75 µM. Detailed in silico analysis based on functional gene authenticating the results of in vitro characterization and predicted the nonallergenic characteristic of the candidate. Docking results proved the higher affinity of the shortlisted candidate to L-asparagine than L-glutamine and urea. CONCLUSION Comprehensively, the study highlighted B. altitudinis type II asparaginase as a competent candidate for further research on clinically safe asparaginases.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Lailaja
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam Kochi 682018, Kerala, India
| | - Vishnu Hari
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam Kochi 682018, Kerala, India
| | - T G Sumithra
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam Kochi 682018, Kerala, India
| | - V N Anusree
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam Kochi 682018, Kerala, India
| | - Gayathri Suresh
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam Kochi 682018, Kerala, India
- Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682022, Kerala, India
| | - N K Sanil
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam Kochi 682018, Kerala, India
| | - Krupesha Sharma S R
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam Kochi 682018, Kerala, India
| | - A Gopalakrishnan
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam Kochi 682018, Kerala, India
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6
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Kumar V, Kumar R, Sharma S, Shah A, Chaturvedi CP, Verma D. Cloning, expression, and characterization of a novel thermo-acidophilic l-asparaginase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa CSPS4. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:54. [PMID: 38282912 PMCID: PMC10808081 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, a soil isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa CSPS4 was used for retrieving the l-asparaginase encoding gene (Asn_PA) of size 1089 bp. The gene was successfully cloned into the pET28a (+) vector and expressed into E. coli BL21(DE3) for characterization of the protein. The recombinant rAsn_PA enzyme was purified by affinity chromatography using Ni-NTA2+ resins. Molecular weight analysis using SDS-PAGE unveiled rAsn_PA as a monomeric protein of molecular weight ~ 35 kDa. On characterization, the recombinant rAsn_PA showed optimum pH and temperature of 6.0 and 60 °C, respectively, along with significant stability at 50-70 °C, along with 50% residual activity at 80 °C after 3 h of incubation. Similarly, the rAsn_PA exhibited asparaginase activity over a broad pH range between 4 and 8. The enzyme was not significantly inhibited in the presence of detergents. The rAsn_PA was grouped into the asparaginase-glutaminase family II due to the glutaminase activity. The purified rAsn_PA showed antitumor activity by exhibiting a cytotoxic effect on three different cell lines, where IC50 of purified rAsn_PA was 2.3 IU, 3.7 IU, and 20.5 IU for HL-60, MOLM-13, and K-562 cell lines, respectively. Thus, recombinant rAsn_PA of P. aeruginosa CSPS4 may also be explored as an antitumor agent after reducing or minimizing the glutaminase activity. Thermo-acidophilic properties of rAsn_PA make it a novel enzyme that needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025 India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities (Faculty of Technology), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities (Faculty of Technology), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Arunim Shah
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Chandra Prakash Chaturvedi
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Digvijay Verma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025 India
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7
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Baluchi A, Homaei A. Immobilization of l-asparaginase on chitosan nanoparticles for the purpose of long-term application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128655. [PMID: 38065449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Asparaginase holds significant commercial value as an enzyme in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study examined the optimum and practical use of the l-asparaginase derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa HR03. Specifically, the study focused on the effectiveness of the stabilized enzyme when applied to chitosan nanoparticles. The structure, size, and morphology of chitosan nanoparticles were evaluated in relation to the immobilization procedure. This assessment involved the use of several analytical techniques, including FT-IR, DLS, SEM, TEM, and EDS analysis. Subsequently, the durability of the enzyme that has been stabilized was assessed by evaluating its effectiveness under extreme temperatures of 60 and 70 °C, as well as at pH values of 3 and 12. The findings indicate that incorporating chitosan nanoparticles led to enhanced immobilization of the l-asparaginase enzyme. This improvement was observed in terms of long-term stability, stability under crucial temperature and pH conditions, as well as thermal stability. In addition, the optimum temperature increased from 40 to 50 °C, and the optimum pH increased from 8 to 9. Enzyme immobilization led to an increase in Km and a decrease in kcat compared to its free counterpart. Because of its enhanced long-term stability, l-asparaginase immobilization on chitosan nanoparticles may be a potential choice for use in industries that rely on l-asparaginase enzymes, particularly the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeshe Baluchi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandarabbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandarabbas, Iran.
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8
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de Lima JY, de Castro Andreassa E, Venturi Biembengut Í, de Arruda Campos Brasil de Souza T. Dissecting dual specificity: Identifying key residues in L-asparaginase for enhanced acute lymphoid leukemia therapy and reduced adverse effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127998. [PMID: 37949271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli (EcA) has been used for the treatment of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) since the 1970s. Nevertheless, the enzyme has a second specificity that results in glutaminase breakdown, resulting in depletion from the patient's body, causing severe adverse effects. Despite the huge interest in the use of this enzyme, the exact process of glutamine depletion is still unknown and there is no consensus regarding L-asparagine hydrolysis. Here, we investigate the role of T12, Y25, and T89 in asparaginase and glutaminase activities. We obtained individual clones containing mutations in the T12, Y25 or T89 residues. After the recombinant production of wild-type and mutated EcA, The purified samples were subjected to structural analysis using Nano Differential Scanning Fluorimetry, which revealed that all samples contained thermostable molecules in their active structural conformation, the homotetramer conformation. The quaternary conformation was confirmed by DLS and SEC. The activity enzymatic assay combined with molecular dynamics simulation identified the contribution of T12, Y25, and T89 residues in EcA glutaminase and asparaginase activities. Our results mapped the enzymatic behavior paving the way for the designing of improved EcA enzymes, which is important in the treatment of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhenifer Yonara de Lima
- Structural and Computational Proteomics Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, PR 80320-290, Brazil.
| | - Emanuella de Castro Andreassa
- Structural and Computational Proteomics Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, PR 80320-290, Brazil
| | - Ísis Venturi Biembengut
- Structural and Computational Proteomics Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, PR 80320-290, Brazil
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9
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Abedi E, Mohammad Bagher Hashemi S, Ghiasi F. Effective mitigation in the amount of acrylamide through enzymatic approaches. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113177. [PMID: 37689930 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA), as a food-borne toxicant, is created at some stages of thermal processing in the starchy food through Maillard reaction, fatty food via acrolein route, and proteinous food using free amino acids pathway. Maillard reaction obviously takes place in thermal-based products, being responsible for specific sensory attributes; AA formation, thereby, is unavoidable during the thermal processing. Additionally, AA can naturally occur in soil and water supply. In order to reduce the levels of acrylamide in cooked foods, mitigation techniques can be separated into three different types. Firstly, starting materials low in acrylamide precursors can be used to reduce the acrylamide in the final product. Secondly, process conditions may be modified in order to decrease the amount of acrylamide formation. Thirdly, post-process intervention could be used to reduce acrylamide. Conventional or emerging mitigation techniques might negatively influence the pleasant features of heated foods. The current study summarizes the effect of enzymatic reaction induced by asparaginase, glucose oxidase, acrylamidase, phytase, amylase, and protease to possibly inhibit AA formation or progressively hydrolyze formed AA. Not only enzyme-assisted AA reduction could dramatically maintain bio-active compounds, but also no damaging impact has been reported on the sensorial and rheological properties of the final heated products. The enzyme engineering can be applied to ameliorate enzyme functionality through altering the amino acid sequence like site-specific mutagenesis and directed evolution, chemical modifications by covalent conjugation of L-asparaginase onto soluble/insoluble biocompatible polymers and immobilization. Moreover, it would be possible to improve the enzyme's physical, chemical, and thermal stability, recyclability and prevent enzyme overuse by applying engineered ones. In spite of enzymes' cost-effective and eco-friendly, promoting their large-scale usages for AA reduction in food application and AA bioremediation in wastewater and soil resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Abedi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran.
| | | | - Fatemeh Ghiasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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10
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Kaur D, Joshi A, Sharma V, Batra N, Sharma AK. An insight into microbial sources, classification, and industrial applications of xylanases: A rapid review. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:1489-1503. [PMID: 37186103 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Endo 1,4-β-d-xylanases (EC3.2.1.8) are one of the key lignocellulose hydrolyzing enzymes. Xylan, which is present in copious amounts on earth, forms the primary substrate of endo-xylanases, which can unchain the constituent monosaccharides linked via β-1,4-glycosidic bonds from the xylan backbone. Researchers have shown keen interest in the xylanases belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 10 and 11, whereas those placed in other glycoside hydrolase families are yet to be investigated. Various microbes such as bacteria and fungi harbor these enzymes for the metabolism of their lignocellulose fibers. These microbes can be used as miniature biofactories of xylanase enzymes for a plethora of environmentally benign applications in pulp and paper industry, biofuel production, and for improving the quality of food in bread baking and fruit juice industry. This review highlights the potential of microbes in production of xylanase for industrial biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damanjeet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Varruchi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navneet Batra
- Department of Biotechnology, GGDSD College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil K Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
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11
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Lefin N, Miranda J, Beltrán JF, Belén LH, Effer B, Pessoa A, Farias JG, Zamorano M. Current state of molecular and metabolic strategies for the improvement of L-asparaginase expression in heterologous systems. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1208277. [PMID: 37426818 PMCID: PMC10323146 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1208277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterologous expression of L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) has become an important area of research due to its clinical and food industry applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular and metabolic strategies that can be used to optimize the expression of L-ASNase in heterologous systems. This article describes various approaches that have been employed to increase enzyme production, including the use of molecular tools, strain engineering, and in silico optimization. The review article highlights the critical role that rational design plays in achieving successful heterologous expression and underscores the challenges of large-scale production of L-ASNase, such as inadequate protein folding and the metabolic burden on host cells. Improved gene expression is shown to be achievable through the optimization of codon usage, synthetic promoters, transcription and translation regulation, and host strain improvement, among others. Additionally, this review provides a deep understanding of the enzymatic properties of L-ASNase and how this knowledge has been employed to enhance its properties and production. Finally, future trends in L-ASNase production, including the integration of CRISPR and machine learning tools are discussed. This work serves as a valuable resource for researchers looking to design effective heterologous expression systems for L-ASNase production as well as for enzymes production in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Lefin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Javiera Miranda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jorge F. Beltrán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Lisandra Herrera Belén
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brian Effer
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge G. Farias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mauricio Zamorano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Rath G, Nivedita S, Behera SS, Behera HT, Gouda SK, Raina V, Achary KG, Behera SK, Ray L. l-Asparaginase producing novel Streptomyces sp. HB2AG: optimization of process parameters and whole genome sequence analysis. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:201. [PMID: 37215374 PMCID: PMC10195970 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03620-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
l-asparaginase (ASNase) is a key enzyme widely used as an anti-cancer drug and is also used in the pharmaceutical and food processing industries. This enzyme's applications are determined by its source and nature. The production of the enzyme through the fermentation process is also crucial for economic feasibility. Searching for a new potent microbial strain is necessary for increased ASNase synthesis. In this work, a potent strain was isolated from the sediment of Chilika Lake and selected for its high ASNase production potential. It was recognized following Bergey's manual of determinative and phylogenetic analysis was carried out by 16S rDNA sequencing. The isolated organism was Streptomyces sp. HB2AG. Additionally, a genome-wide analysis of HB2AG was performed. The result showed that the HB2AG genome possesses a chromosome with 6,099,956 bp and GC content of 74.0%. The whole genome analysis of the strain HB2AG revealed the presence of ASNase (ansA, ansB) and Asparagine synthase (asnB) in the HB2AG genome. Optimization of media composition is crucial for microbial growth and obtaining the desired end product. The current effort focuses on the Taguchi orthogonal design to determine optimum factor combinations that would allow the strain to produce maximum ASNase enzyme. Results showed that compared to unoptimized media, approximately 1.76-fold higher ASNase production was observed in Sea Water Luria Bertani (SWLB) media, pH-5, 0.5% (w/v) of lactose, 0.5% (w/v) of casein, 2.5% (w/v) NaCl, 1 mM Ca2+ and 0.1% Tween 80. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03620-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gupteswar Rath
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Suchismita Nivedita
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | | | | | - Sudhansu Kumar Gouda
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Vishakha Raina
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | | | | | - Lopamudra Ray
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
- School of Law, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
- School of Biotechnology and School of Law, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
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13
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Erden-Karaoğlan F, Karaoğlan M. Improvement of recombinant L-Asparaginase production in Pichia pastoris. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:164. [PMID: 37159589 PMCID: PMC10163189 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pichia pastoris is a successful expression system that is frequently preferred in the secretion of proteins for both basic research and industrial purposes. In this study, recombinant Rhizomucor miehei (RmASNase) L-asparaginase was produced in Pichia pastoris. The impact of gene copy number on increasing protein production was examined with six clones harboring various gene copy numbers (1-5 and 5 +). The results demonstrated that the clone with three copies of the expression cassette integrated had the highest production level. Also, biochemical characterization of the enzyme was performed. It was determined that the optimum pH and temperature values of the purified enzyme were pH 7.0 and 50 °C, respectively. Stability analyses of the enzyme showed that it maintains its activity of 80% in the pH range of 5-9 and 67% in the temperature range of 20-50 °C. Ca+2 and Mn+2 ions increased the enzyme activity to 121% and 138%, respectively. In future studies, it is also possible to improve the activity and stability values of the enzyme with advanced molecular techniques and to increase production efficiency by producing at fermenter scale and under optimum conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidan Erden-Karaoğlan
- Department of Food Engineering, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Türkiye
| | - Mert Karaoğlan
- Department of Food Engineering, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Türkiye
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Darnal S, Patial V, Kumar V, Kumar S, Kumar V, Padwad YS, Singh D. Biochemical characterization of extremozyme L-asparaginase from Pseudomonas sp. PCH199 for therapeutics. AMB Express 2023; 13:22. [PMID: 36828987 PMCID: PMC9958223 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) from microbial sources is a commercially vital enzyme to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, the side effects associated with the commercial formulations of L-ASNases intrigued to explore for efficient and desired pharmacological enzymatic features. Here, we report the biochemical and cytotoxic evaluation of periplasmic L-ASNase of Pseudomonas sp. PCH199 isolated from the soil of Betula utilis, the Himalayan birch. L-ASNase production from wild-type PCH199 was enhanced by 2.2-fold using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Increased production of periplasmic L-ASNase was obtained using an optimized osmotic shock method followed by its purification. The purified L-ASNase was a monomer of 37.0 kDa with optimum activity at pH 8.5 and 60 ℃. It also showed thermostability retaining 100.0% (200 min) and 90.0% (70 min) of the activity at 37 and 50 ℃, respectively. The Km and Vmax values of the purified enzyme were 0.164 ± 0.009 mM and 54.78 ± 0.4 U/mg, respectively. L-ASNase was cytotoxic to the K562 blood cancer cell line (IC50 value 0.309 U/mL) within 24 h resulting in apoptotic nuclear morphological changes as examined by DAPI staining. Therefore, the dynamic functionality in a wide range of pH and temperature and stability of PCH199 L-ASNase at 37 ℃ with cytotoxic potential proves to be pharmaceutically important for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyukta Darnal
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XMolecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002 India
| | - Vijeta Patial
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XMolecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002 India
| | - Virender Kumar
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XMolecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
| | - Subhash Kumar
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XMolecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002 India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XMolecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
| | - Yogendra S. Padwad
- grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002 India ,grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XDietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
| | - Dharam Singh
- Molecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
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15
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Zhang YH, Chen YY, Zhuang XY, Xiao Q, Chen J, Chen FQ, Yang QM, Weng HF, Fang BS, Xiao AF. A Novel κ-Carrageenase from Marine Bacterium Rhodopirellula sallentina SM41: Heterologous Expression, Biochemical Characterization and Salt-Tolerance Mechanism Investigation. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120783. [PMID: 36547930 PMCID: PMC9783963 DOI: 10.3390/md20120783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
κ-carrageenases are members of the glycoside hydrolase family 16 (GH16) that hydrolyze sulfated galactans in red algae, known as κ-carrageenans. In this study, a novel κ-carrageenase gene from the marine bacterium Rhodopirellula sallentina SM41 (RsCgk) was discovered via the genome mining approach. There are currently no reports on κ-carrageenase from the Rhodopirellula genus, and RsCgk shares a low identity (less than 65%) with κ- carrageenase from other genera. The RsCgk was heterologously overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and characterized for its enzymatic properties. RsCgk exhibited maximum activity at pH 7.0 and 40 °C, and 50% of its initial activity was retained after incubating at 30 °C for 2 h. More than 70% of its activity was maintained after incubation at pH 6.0-8.0 and 4 °C for 24 h. As a marine derived enzyme, RsCgk showed excellent salt tolerance, retaining full activity in 1.2 M NaCl, and the addition of NaCl greatly enhanced its thermal stability. Mass spectrometry analysis of the RsCgk hydrolysis products revealed that the enzyme had high degradation specificity and mainly produced κ-carrageenan disaccharide. Comparative molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the conformational changes of tunnel-forming loops under salt environments may cause the deactivation or stabilization of RsCgk. Our results demonstrated that RsCgk could be utilized as a potential tool enzyme for efficient production of κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides under high salt conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hui Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.Z.); (A.-F.X.); Tel.: +86-592-6181487 (Y.-H.Z.); +86-592-6180075 (A.-F.X.)
| | - Yi-Ying Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhuang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qiong Xiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Fu-Quan Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qiu-Ming Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hui-Fen Weng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Bai-Shan Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - An-Feng Xiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.Z.); (A.-F.X.); Tel.: +86-592-6181487 (Y.-H.Z.); +86-592-6180075 (A.-F.X.)
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16
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Zhou L, Meng Q, Zhang R, Jiang B, Liu X, Chen J, Zhang T. Characterization of a Novel Polysaccharide Lyase Family 5 Alginate Lyase with PolyM Substrate Specificity. Foods 2022; 11:3527. [PMID: 36360141 PMCID: PMC9655155 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases (ALyases) have been widely applied in enzymatically degrading alginate for the preparation of alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), which possess a range of excellent physiological benefits including immunoregulatory, antivirus, and antidiabetic properties. Among the characterized ALyases, the number of ALyases with strict substrate specificity which possess potential in directed preparation of AOS is quite small. ALyases of polysaccharides lyase (PL) 5 family have been reported to perform poly-β-D-mannuronic acid (Poly-M) substrate specificity. However, there have been fewer studies with a comprehensive characterization and comparison of PL 5 family ALyases. In this study, a putative PL 5 family ALyase PMD was cloned from Pseudomonas mendocina and expressed in Escherichia coli. The novel ALyase presented maximum activity at 30 °C and pH 7.0. PMD displayed pH stability properties under the range of pH 5 to pH 9, which retained more than 80% relative activity, even when incubated for 48 h. Product analysis indicated that PMD might be an endolytic ALyase with strict Poly M substrate specificity and yield disaccharide and trisaccharide as main products. In addition, residues K58, R66, Y248, and R344 were proposed to be the potential key residues for catalysis via site-directed mutation. Detailed characterization of PMD and comprehensive comparisons could supply some different information about properties of PL 5 ALyases which might be helpful for its application in the directed production of AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd., Weihai 264333, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Ainiwaer A, Liang Y, Ye X, Gao R. Characterization of a Novel Fe 2+ Activated Non-Blue Laccase from Methylobacterium extorquens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179804. [PMID: 36077196 PMCID: PMC9456135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a novel laccase gene, Melac13220, was amplified from Methylobacterium extorquens and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli with a molecular weight of approximately 50 kDa. The purified Melac13220 had no absorption peak at 610 nm and remained silent within electron paramagnetic resonance spectra, suggesting that Melac13220 belongs to the non-blue laccase group. Both inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy/optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) indicated that one molecule of Melac13220 can interact with two iron ions. Furthermore, the optimal temperature of Melac13220 was 65 °C. It also showed a high thermolability, and its half-life at 65 °C was 80 min. Melac13220 showed a very good acid environment tolerance; its optimal pH was 1.5. Cu2+ and Co2+ can slightly increase enzyme activity, whereas Fe2+ could increase Melac13220′s activity five-fold. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that Fe2+ could also stabilize Melac13220. Unlike most laccases, Melac13220 can efficiently decolorize Congo Red and Indigo Carmine dyes even in the absence of a redox mediator. Thus, the non-blue laccase from Methylobacterium extorquens shows potential application value and may be valuable for environmental protection, especially in the degradation of dyes at low pH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Renjun Gao
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-18604313058; Fax: +86-431-85155200
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18
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Enhancing the Catalytic Activity of Type II L-Asparaginase from Bacillus licheniformis through Semi-Rational Design. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179663. [PMID: 36077061 PMCID: PMC9456134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Low catalytic activity is a key factor limiting the widespread application of type II L-asparaginase (ASNase) in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, smart libraries were constructed by semi-rational design to improve the catalytic activity of type II ASNase from Bacillus licheniformis. Mutants with greatly enhanced catalytic efficiency were screened by saturation mutations and combinatorial mutations. A quintuple mutant ILRAC was ultimately obtained with specific activity of 841.62 IU/mg and kcat/Km of 537.15 min−1·mM−1, which were 4.24-fold and 6.32-fold more than those of wild-type ASNase. The highest specific activity and kcat/Km were firstly reported in type II ASNase from Bacillus licheniformis. Additionally, enhanced pH stability and superior thermostability were both achieved in mutant ILRAC. Meanwhile, structural alignment and molecular dynamic simulation demonstrated that high structure stability and strong substrate binding were beneficial for the improved thermal stability and enzymatic activity of mutant ILRAC. This is the first time that enzymatic activity of type II ASNase from Bacillus licheniformis has been enhanced by the semi-rational approach, and results provide new insights into enzymatic modification of L-asparaginase for industrial applications.
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Biochemical Characterization and Elucidation of the Hybrid Action Mode of a New Psychrophilic and Cold-Tolerant Alginate Lyase for Efficient Preparation of Alginate Oligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080506. [PMID: 36005509 PMCID: PMC9410210 DOI: 10.3390/md20080506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases with unique biochemical properties have irreplaceable value in food and biotechnology industries. Herein, the first new hybrid action mode Thalassotalea algicola-derived alginate lyase gene (TAPL7A) with both psychrophilic and cold-tolerance was cloned and expressed heterologously in E. coli. With the highest sequence identity (43%) to the exolytic alginate lyase AlyA5 obtained from Zobellia galactanivorans, TAPL7A was identified as a new polysaccharide lyases family 7 (PL7) alginate lyase. TAPL7A has broad substrate tolerance with specific activities of 4186.1 U/mg, 2494.8 U/mg, 2314.9 U/mg for polyM, polyG, and sodium alginate, respectively. Biochemical characterization of TAPL7A showed optimal activity at 15 °C, pH 8.0. Interestingly, TAPL7A exhibits both extreme psychrophilic and cold tolerance, which other cold-adapted alginate lyase do not possess. In a wide range of 5–30 °C, the activity can reach 80–100%, and the residual activity of more than 70% can still be maintained after 1 h of incubation. Product analysis showed that TAPL7A adopts a hybrid endo/exo-mode on all three substrates. FPLC and ESI-MS confirmed that the final products of TAPL7A are oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization (Dps) of 1–2. This study provides excellent alginate lyase candidates for low-temperature environmental applications in food, agriculture, medicine and other industries.
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