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Yamamoto Y, Yukami H, Yamaguchi T, Ohori H, Nagasu S, Kagawa Y, Sugimoto N, Sonoda H, Yamazaki K, Takashima A, Okuyama H, Hasegawa H, Kondo C, Baba E, Matsumoto T, Kawamoto Y, Kataoka M, Shindo Y, Ishikawa T, Esaki T, Kito Y, Sato T, Funakoshi T, Yamaguchi T, Shimada Y, Moriwaki T. Real-world outcomes of FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: the JSCCR-TRIPON study. Int J Clin Oncol 2024:10.1007/s10147-024-02613-0. [PMID: 39196470 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-024-02613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab is a standard first-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, due to the severe toxicities, this regimen is not widely used. There is limited data on the real-world efficacy and safety. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data from mCRC patients who received FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line chemotherapy at 31 institutions. The initial dose was standardized according to the TRIBE regimen. Induction therapy was defined as a combination of oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and fluorouracil. RESULTS Out of 104 patients who met the criteria, the median age was 58 years (range, 16-72). 81% of patients had an eastern cooperative oncology group performance status (PS) of 0. An initial dose reduction was observed in 63% of patients. The median number of preplanned induction therapy cycles was 12 (range, 4-12). The completion of scheduled induction therapy cycles was observed in 45% of patients, with treatment-related toxicities being the main reason for discontinuation (63%). The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 12.8 months (95% CI, 10.6-15.0) and 27.9 months (95% CI 21.6-34.2), respectively. The objective response rate and disease control rate were 63.7% and 98.9%, respectively. The R0 resection rate was 21.2%. The main grade 3 or higher toxicities were neutropenia (51%), febrile neutropenia (10%), and nausea/vomiting (5%). No treatment-related deaths were observed. CONCLUSION In a real-world clinical setting, FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab demonstrated efficacy and safety comparable to previous clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yukami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Yamaguchi
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Hisatsugu Ohori
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Ishinomaki Red Cross Hospital, Ishinomaki, Japan
| | - Sachiko Nagasu
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Naotoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Sonoda
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamazaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Nagaizumi, Japan
| | - Atsuo Takashima
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okuyama
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hasegawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kondo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Toranomon Hospital, Minato, Japan
| | - Eishi Baba
- Department of Comprehensive Oncology and Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Yasuyuki Kawamoto
- Division of Cancer Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masato Kataoka
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shindo
- Gastroenterological Surgery, Nakadori General Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | | | - Taito Esaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Medical Oncology, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kito
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takeo Sato
- Department of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Taro Funakoshi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Yamaguchi
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimada
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kochi Health Sciences Center, Kochi, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Moriwaki
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Miwa, Kurashiki City, Okayama, 710-0052, Japan.
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Ito M, Okumura Y, Nio K, Baba E, Ozaki Y, Nishio H, Ichihara E, Miura Y, Endo M, Yano S, Maruyama D, Yoshinami T, Susumu N, Takekuma M, Motohashi T, Ochi N, Kubo T, Uchino K, Kimura T, Kamiyama Y, Nakao S, Tamura S, Nishimoto H, Kato Y, Sato A, Takano T, Tsuchihashi K. Effectiveness of G-CSF in chemotherapy for digestive system tumors: a systematic review of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Use of G-CSF 2022 delineated by the Japan Society of Clinical Oncology. Int J Clin Oncol 2024; 29:689-699. [PMID: 38578596 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-024-02502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) reportedly reduces the risk of neutropenia and subsequent infections caused by cancer chemotherapy. Although several guidelines recommend using G-CSF in primary prophylaxis according to the incidence rate of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN), the effectiveness of G-CSF in digestive system tumor chemotherapy remains unclear. To address these clinical questions, we conducted a systematic review as part of revising the Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Use of G-CSF 2022 published by the Japan Society of Clinical Oncology. METHODS This systematic review addressed two main clinical questions (CQ): CQ1: "Is primary prophylaxis with G-CSF effective in chemotherapy?", and CQ2: "Is increasing the intensity of chemotherapy with G-CSF effective?" We reviewed different types of digestive system tumors, including esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, biliary tract, colorectal, and neuroendocrine carcinomas. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Ichushi-Web databases were searched for information sources. Independent systematic reviewers conducted two rounds of screening and selected relevant records for each CQ. Finally, the working group members synthesized the strength of evidence and recommendations. RESULTS After two rounds of screening, 5/0/3/0/2/0 records were extracted for CQ1 of esophageal/gastric/pancreatic/biliary tract/colorectal/ and neuroendocrine carcinoma, respectively. Additionally, a total of 2/6/1 records were extracted for CQ2 of esophageal/pancreatic/colorectal cancer, respectively. The strength of evidence and recommendations were evaluated for CQ1 of colorectal cancer; however, we could not synthesize recommendations for other CQs owing to the lack of records. CONCLUSION The use of G-CSF for primary prophylaxis in chemotherapy for colorectal cancer is inappropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Ito
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Okumura
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Medical Oncology, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenta Nio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eishi Baba
- Department of Oncology and Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukinori Ozaki
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiki Ichihara
- Center for Clinical Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuji Miura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Endo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Yano
- Division of Clinical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Maruyama
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Yoshinami
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Susumu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Motohashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Ochi
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshio Kubo
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keita Uchino
- Department of Medical Oncology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kimura
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kamiyama
- Department of Clinical Oncology/Hematology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakao
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tamura
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nishimoto
- Department of Nursing, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kato
- Department of Drug Information, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Toshimi Takano
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsuchihashi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Fang X, Zhu N, Zhong C, Wang L, Li J, Weng S, Hu H, Dong C, Li D, Song Y, Xu D, Wang J, Sun L, Wang J, Wang Z, Cao H, Liao X, Yu N, Xiao Q, Mi M, Zhang S, Ding K, Yuan Y. Sintilimab plus bevacizumab, oxaliplatin and capecitabine as first-line therapy in RAS-mutant, microsatellite stable, unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer: an open-label, single-arm, phase II trial. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 62:102123. [PMID: 37554125 PMCID: PMC10404864 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microsatellite stable (MSS) and RAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients are characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment and a low response rate to immunotherapy. Chemotherapy and anti-angiogenesis therapy have been reported to potentially promote immunotherapy response. This study aims to assess the preliminary anti-tumor activity and safety of sintilimab plus bevacizumab, oxaliplatin and capecitabine as a treatment option for patients with RAS-mutant MSS mCRC. Methods This study was an open-label, single-arm, phase II trial in China. Patients with unresectable, RAS-mutant and MSS metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma received treatment by intravenous sintilimab (200 mg, day 1) plus bevacizumab (7.5 mg/kg, day 1), oxaliplatin (135 mg/m2, day 1) and oral capecitabine (1 g/m2, day 1-14) in each 21-day cycle. The primary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR) and adverse events. Biomarker analysis was performed to identify potential predictors of good response to treatment. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04194359. Findings Between April 2021 and December 2021, 25 patients were enrolled. Two (8%) patients showed complete response (CR), 19 (76%) had partial response (PR) and 4 (16%) presented with stable disease. ORR reached 84% (95% CI, 63.9-95.5) and the disease control rate was 100% (95% CI, 86.3-100). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 18.2 months for the full analysis set. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) in all grades were anemia (21/25, 84%), neutropenia (20/25, 80%), and hand-foot syndrome (14/25, 56%). The most frequent grade 3 or 4 TRAEs were neutropenia (3/25, 12%) and increased alanine transaminase (2/25, 8%). No grade 5 adverse events occurred. In the exploration of biomarkers, 5 patients could be characterized as TTN/OBSCN "double-hit" after treatment, and the copy number variants burden was significantly decreased in tumor tissues after treatment compared with the baseline. Nanostring panel RNA sequencing analysis indicated a better tumor immune microenvironment cell infiltration in CR/PR patients compared with non-CR/PR patients as well as the PFS-long (≥12.5 months) group compared with the PFS-short group. Interpretation Combination treatment with sintilimab plus bevacizumab, oxaliplatin and capecitabine as first-line treatment demonstrated a promising antitumor activity and a manageable safety profile in RAS-mutant, MSS and unresectable mCRC. Exploratory biomarker assessment analysis showed that some RAS-mutant and MSS patients changed into "immune-hot" subtype after the treatment. Funding This study was supported by the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province (2021C03125 to Ying Yuan), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81872481 to Ying Yuan, 82072624 to Kefeng Ding), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 226-2022-00009 to Kefeng Ding), and the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. LY22H160024 to Hanguang Hu).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Chenhan Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Liuhong Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Shanshan Weng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Hanguang Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Caixia Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yongmao Song
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Lifeng Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Zhanhuai Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Hongfeng Cao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Xiujun Liao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Ningjuan Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Mi Mi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Suzhan Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
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Huang MJ, Chen PL, Huang CS. Bilirubin metabolism and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 variants in Asians: Pathogenic implications and therapeutic response. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2022; 38:729-738. [PMID: 35942604 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Asian general population, at least six single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 gene have been identified: -3279T>G, -53A(TA)6 TAA>A(TA)7 TAA, 211G>A, 686C>A, 1091C>T, and 1456T>G. Each of these six SNVs was observed in at least four ethnic groups of the 12 Asian populations studied. In East Asian populations, the descending frequency of these six SNVs was as follows: -3279G>[-53A(TA)7 TAA, 211A]>(686A, 1091T)>1456G. Because of the presence of linkage disequilibrium and the expulsion phenomenon, when the SNVs -3279G, -53A(TA)7 TAA, 211A, and 686A were simultaneously involved, 15 instead of the estimated 81 genotypes were observed. Those carrying 686AA or 1456GG developed Gilbert's syndrome or Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 2. Both -53A(TA)7 TAA/A(TA)7 TAA and 211AA are the main causes of Gilbert's syndrome in East Asian populations. In East Asian populations, the 211AA genotype is the main cause of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, whereas -53A(TA)7 TAA/A(TA)7 TAA exerts a protective effect on hyperbilirubinemia development in neonates fed with breast milk. Both 211A and -53A(TA)7 TAA are significantly associated with adverse drug reactions induced by irinotecan (one of the most widely used anticancer agents) in Asians. However, at least three common SNVs (-3279G, -53A(TA)7 TAA, and 211A) should be comprehensively analyzed. This study investigated the clinical significance of these six SNVs and demonstrated that examining UGT1A1 variants in Asian populations is considerably challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- May-Jen Huang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lain Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shan Huang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Majidpoor J, Mortezaee K. Angiogenesis as a hallmark of solid tumors - clinical perspectives. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:715-737. [PMID: 33835425 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is a key and early step in tumorigenesis, and is known as a hallmark of solid tumors and a key promoter of tumor recurrence. Unlike normal tissue vessels, the architecture of the tumor vasculature is abnormal, being leaky, tortuous, fragile and blind-ended. Perivascular cells are either detached or absent, causing reduction of vascular integrity, an increase in vessel immaturity, incoherent perfusion, defective functionality and enhanced tumor dissemination and metastasis. The abnormal tumor vasculature along with the defective tumor vessel functionality finally causes bouts of hypoxia and acidity in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further reinvigorating tumor aggression. Interstitial hypertension or high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) is an outcome of tumor hyper-permeability. High IFP can be a barrier for either effective delivery of anti-cancer drugs toward the TME or accumulation of drugs within the tumor area, thus promoting tumor resistance to therapy. Some tumors do, however, not undergo angiogenesis but instead undergo vessel co-option or vascular mimicry, thereby adding another layer of complexity to cancer development and therapy. CONCLUSIONS Combination of anti-angiogenesis therapy with chemotherapy and particularly with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a promising strategy for a number of advanced cancers. Among the various approaches for targeting tumor angiogenesis, vascular normalization is considered as the most desired method, which allows effective penetration of chemotherapeutics into the tumor area, thus being an appropriate adjuvant to other cancer modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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De Simoni O, Scarpa M, Tonello M, Pilati P, Tolin F, Spolverato Y, Gruppo M. Oligometastatic Pancreatic Cancer to the Liver in the Era of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Which Role for Conversion Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113402. [PMID: 33213022 PMCID: PMC7698586 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The development of new polychemotherapy regimens in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPDAC) have demonstrated significant improvement in clinical outcome, but evidence of the role of surgery following a favorable response to initial chemotherapy (IC) is still poor. The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of surgery following IC on survival in mPDAC, focusing on oligometastatic disease to the liver. Data retrieved from available literature confirm increased survival in selected oligometastatic patients treated with surgery + IC compared to IC alone (23–56 months vs. 11–16.4 months), suggesting a potential role for conversion surgery in a tailored and multimodality approach to pancreatic cancer patients. Better knowledge of tumor biology and a wide consensus on diagnostic criteria could lead to the consideration of oligometastatic disease as a particular and different stage of disease. Abstract Background: the improved survival rates achieved using new polychemotherapy regimens in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPDAC) have suggested a potential role for surgery following a favorable response to initial chemotherapy (IC). The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the available evidence on the role of surgery following IC in mPDAC, focusing on oligometastatic disease to the liver (lmPDAC). Methods: studies reporting on patients with lmPDAC undergoing surgery after IC were included. The main outcome was overall survival (OS). Results: six observational retrospective studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Data were retrieved on 2087 patients. The most common IC regimen in patients undergoing surgery was FOLFIRINOX (N 84, 73%). Only three studies reported survival comparison among patients treated with IC+surgery vs. IC alone. Median OS varied from 23 to 56 months after conversion surgery vs. 11 to 16.4 months after IC alone. Conclusions: despite wide heterogeneity of chemotherapy regimens, different downstaging criteria and potential selection biases, patients with oligometastatic lmPDAC undergoing surgery after IC have significantly higher survival rates compared to patients treated with IC alone. Future trials are needed for definition of univocal criteria of downstaging, oligometastatic definition and indications for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia De Simoni
- Unit of Surgical Oncology of the Esophagus and Digestive Tract, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, via Gattamelata, 64-35128 Padova, Italy; (O.D.S.); (M.T.); (P.P.); (F.T.)
| | - Marco Scarpa
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padua, via Giustiniani, 2-35128 Padova, Italy; (M.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Marco Tonello
- Unit of Surgical Oncology of the Esophagus and Digestive Tract, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, via Gattamelata, 64-35128 Padova, Italy; (O.D.S.); (M.T.); (P.P.); (F.T.)
| | - Pierluigi Pilati
- Unit of Surgical Oncology of the Esophagus and Digestive Tract, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, via Gattamelata, 64-35128 Padova, Italy; (O.D.S.); (M.T.); (P.P.); (F.T.)
| | - Francesca Tolin
- Unit of Surgical Oncology of the Esophagus and Digestive Tract, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, via Gattamelata, 64-35128 Padova, Italy; (O.D.S.); (M.T.); (P.P.); (F.T.)
| | - Ylenia Spolverato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padua, via Giustiniani, 2-35128 Padova, Italy; (M.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Mario Gruppo
- Unit of Surgical Oncology of the Esophagus and Digestive Tract, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, via Gattamelata, 64-35128 Padova, Italy; (O.D.S.); (M.T.); (P.P.); (F.T.)
- Correspondence:
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