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Song WJ, Xu J, Nie Y, Li WM, Li JP, Yang L, Wei MQ, Tao KS. Conversion therapy of a giant hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombus and inferior vena cava thrombus: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:2847-2855. [PMID: 38899296 PMCID: PMC11185326 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i16.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) combined with portal and hepatic vein cancerous thrombosis is poor, for unresectable patients the combination of targeted therapy and immune therapy was the first-line recommended treatment for advanced HCC, with a median survival time of only about 2.7-6 months. In this case report, we present the case of a patient with portal and hepatic vein cancerous thrombosis who achieved pathologic complete response after conversion therapy. CASE SUMMARY In our center, a patient with giant HCC combined with portal vein tumor thrombus and hepatic vein tumor thrombus was treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, and was continuously given icaritin soft capsules for oral regulation. After 7 months of conversion therapy, the patient's tumor shrank and the tumor thrombus subsided significantly. The pathology of surgical resection was in complete remission, and there was no progression in the postoperative follow-up for 7 months, which provided a basis for the future strategy of combined conversion therapy. CONCLUSION In this case, atezolizumab, bevacizumab, icaritin soft capsules combined with radiotherapy and TACE had a good effect. For patients with hepatocellular carcinoma combined with hepatic vein/inferior vena cava tumor thrombus, adopting a high-intensity, multimodal proactive strategy under the guidance of multidisciplinary team (MDT) is an important attempt to break through the current treatment dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ye Nie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei-Min Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Ping Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meng-Qi Wei
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kai-Shan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
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Kudo M. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors plus Anti-VEGF/Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Combined with TACE (Triple Therapy) in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2024; 13:227-234. [PMID: 38894813 PMCID: PMC11185853 DOI: 10.1159/000538558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Giannini EG, Strazzabosco M. May we actually help clinicians select the best systemic treatment for patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma? Liver Int 2024; 44:272-274. [PMID: 38289589 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo G Giannini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Digestive Diseases Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Digestive Diseases Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Smilow Cancer Hospital and Liver Cancer Program, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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4
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Ielasi L, Stefanini B, Conti F, Tonnini M, Tortora R, Magini G, Sacco R, Pressiani T, Trevisani F, Foschi FG, Piscaglia F, Granito A, Tovoli F. Comparative Analysis of Subclassification Systems in Patients with Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Barcelona Clinic Liver Classification B) Receiving Systemic Therapy. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:547-557. [PMID: 38275831 PMCID: PMC10814359 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (BCLC B HCC) occurs in a heterogeneous group of patients and can be addressed with a wide spectrum of treatments. Consequently, survival significantly varies among patients. In recent years, several subclassification systems have been proposed to stratify patients' prognosis. We analyzed and compared these systems (Bolondi, Yamakado, Kinki, Wang, Lee, and Kim criteria) in patients undergoing systemic therapy. METHODS We considered 171 patients with BCLC B HCC treated with sorafenib as first-line systemic therapy in six Italian centers from 2010 to 2021 and retrospectively applied the criteria of six different subclassification systems. RESULTS Except for the Yamakado criteria, all the subclassification systems showed a statistically significant correlation to overall survival (OS). In the postestimation analysis, the Bolondi criteria (OS of subgroups 22.5, 11.9, and 6.6 mo, respectively; C-index 0.586; AIC 1338; BIC 1344) and the Wang criteria (OS of subgroups 20.6, 11.9, and 7.0, respectively; C-index 0.607; AIC 1337; BIC 1344) presented the best accuracy. Further analyses of these two subclassification systems implemented with the prognostic factor of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) > 400 ng/mL have shown an increase in accuracy for both systems (C-index 0.599 and 0.624, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Intermediate-stage subclassification systems maintain their predictive value also in the setting of systemic therapy. The Bolondi and Wang criteria showed the highest accuracy. AFP > 400 ng/mL enhances the performance of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ielasi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale degli Infermi di Faenza, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Bernardo Stefanini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Conti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale degli Infermi di Faenza, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Matteo Tonnini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tortora
- Liver Unit, Department of Transplantation, Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Magini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Transplant Hepatology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Sacco
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Foggia University Hospital, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pressiani
- Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Trevisani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Semeiotica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Piscaglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Granito
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Tovoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Liu J, Park K, Shen Z, Lee H, Geetha P, Pakyari M, Chai L. Immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and their cross talks in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1285370. [PMID: 38173713 PMCID: PMC10762788 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a challenging malignancy with limited treatment options beyond surgery and chemotherapy. Recent advancements in targeted therapies and immunotherapy, including PD-1 and PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies, have shown promise, but their efficacy has not met expectations. Biomarker testing and personalized medicine based on genetic mutations and other biomarkers represent the future direction for HCC treatment. To address these challenges and opportunities, this comprehensive review discusses the progress made in targeted therapies and immunotherapies for HCC, focusing on dissecting the rationales, opportunities, and challenges for combining these modalities. The liver's unique physiology and the presence of fibrosis in many HCC patients pose additional challenges to drug delivery and efficacy. Ongoing efforts in biomarker development and combination therapy design, especially in the context of immunotherapies, hold promise for improving outcomes in advanced HCC. Through exploring the advancements in biomarkers and targeted therapies, this review provides insights into the challenges and opportunities in the field and proposes strategies for rational combination therapy design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevin Park
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ziyang Shen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hannah Lee
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Mohammadreza Pakyari
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Li Chai
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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6
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Asano K, Kageyama K, Yamamoto A, Jogo A, Uchida-Kobayashi S, Sohgawa E, Murai K, Kawada N, Miki Y. Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Treatment-Naive Hepatocellular Carcinoma Has Different Treatment Effects Depending on Central or Peripheral Tumor Location. Liver Cancer 2023; 12:576-589. [PMID: 38058422 PMCID: PMC10697731 DOI: 10.1159/000530441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for treatment-naive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) according to tumor location and burden. Methods Between 2010 and 2019, consecutive patients who underwent TACE as the first treatment were enrolled. Tumors were classified into two categories based on their location, as central or peripheral tumors. Tumors in the central zone, which is within 1 cm of the main trunk or the first branch of the portal vein, were classified as central tumors, while those located in the peripheral zone were classified as peripheral tumors. Patients were grouped according to the HCC location and up-to-7 criteria. Patients with central tumors were classified into the central arm and those with only peripheral tumors were classified into the peripheral arm. Patients within and beyond the up-to-7 criteria were classified into the up-to-7 in and up-to-7 out-groups, respectively. Local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared per nodule (central tumor vs. peripheral tumor) and per patient (central arm vs. peripheral arm), respectively. The prognostic factors of LRFS and PFS were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results A total of 174 treatment-naive patients with 352 HCCs were retrospectively enrolled. Ninety-six patients and 130 lesions were selected by propensity score matching. Median LRFS was longer for peripheral tumors than central tumors (not reached vs. 3.3 months, p < 0.001). Median PFS was 17.1 months (8.3-24.9) in the peripheral arm and up-to-7 in, 7.0 months (3.3-12.7) in the peripheral arm and up-to-7 out, 8.4 months (4.0-12.6) in the central arm and up-to-7 in, and 3.0 months (1.2-4.9) in the central arm and up-to-7 out-groups. The peripheral arm and up-to-7 in-groups had significantly longer PFS than the other three groups (p = 0.013, p = 0.015, p < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed that the central zone and central arm were associated with high adjusted hazard ratios for tumor recurrence or death (2.87, p < 0.001; 2.89, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Treatment-naive HCCs in the peripheral zone had a longer LRFS and PFS following TACE compared to those in the central zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Asano
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Kageyama
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Jogo
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sawako Uchida-Kobayashi
- Department of Premier Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Etsuji Sohgawa
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Murai
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukio Miki
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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7
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Hund HC, Du L, Matsuoka L, Sze DY, Kennedy AS, Golzarian J, Gandhi RT, Collins ZS, Brown DB. Effect of Previous Transarterial Chemoembolization on Survival and Toxicity after Yttrium-90 Transarterial Radioembolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Radiation-Emitting SIR-Spheres in Nonresectable Liver Tumor Registry. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 34:2147-2154.e2. [PMID: 37657500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2023.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine overall survival (OS), best response, and toxicities in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) previously treated with chemoembolization (TACE+) or yttrium-90 resin transarterial radioembolization (TARE) compared with those of TACE-naïve (T-N) participants. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective, observational study, 262 adult participants with HCC were divided into TACE+ (n = 93, 35%) or T-N (n = 169, 65%) groups, included from 36 centers in the United States. Overall survival (OS) was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis from the date of TARE. Best response at 6 months was evaluated using modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Six-month toxicities were reported using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5. RESULTS Median OS for patients in the TACE+ and T-N groups was 22.3 months (95% CI: 17.2 to not reachable) and 21.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.9-29.9), respectively (P = .6). Imaging at 6 months ± 2 weeks was available in 156 of 262 (60%) participants. Partial or complete response was seen in 27 of 55 patients (49%) in the TACE+ group and 65 of 101 patients (64%) in the T-N group (P = .2). Six-month toxicities were available in 69 of 93 patients (74%) in the TACE+ group and 135 of 167 patients (81%) in the T-N group. Attributable Grade 3 or greater liver function toxicities were similar between the study groups (all P > .05). CONCLUSIONS OS and imaging response at 6 months in the TACE+ group was similar to that in the T-N group with similar toxicities. Radioembolization is an acceptable treatment option for patients with HCC previously treated with TACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Hund
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Liping Du
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lea Matsuoka
- Transplant Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel Y Sze
- Interventional Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Andrew S Kennedy
- Radiation Oncology, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jafar Golzarian
- Interventional Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ripal T Gandhi
- Interventional Radiology, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Daniel B Brown
- Interventional Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Kudo M. Current Therapeutic Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Japan. Liver Cancer 2023; 12:497-509. [PMID: 38098744 PMCID: PMC10721236 DOI: 10.1159/000534304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Nakamura Y, Hirooka M, Hiraoka A, Koizumi Y, Yano R, Morita M, Okazaki Y, Imai Y, Ohama H, Hirooka K, Watanabe T, Tada F, Yoshida O, Tokumoto Y, Abe M, Hiasa Y. Survival Improvements in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Sequential Therapy by Era. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5298. [PMID: 37958471 PMCID: PMC10650854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment modalities for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have changed dramatically, with systemic therapy as the primary option. However, the effect of sequential treatment on prognosis remains unclear. This retrospective study included patients who began systemic therapy between 2009 and 2022. The patients were separated into three groups according to systemic therapy commencement. The number of therapy lines, treatment efficacy, and overall survival (OS) were compared. Multivariate analyses of the prognostic factors were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Overall, 336 patients were included (period 1: 2009-2013, n = 86; period 2: 2014-2018, n = 132; period 3: 2019-2022, n = 118). A significant etiological trend was observed with decreasing viral hepatitis-related HCC and increasing non-viral hepatitis-related HCC. Across periods 1-3, the proportion of patients who were administered >2 lines progressively increased (1.2%, 12.9%, and 17.0%, respectively; p < 0.001) and the median OS was significantly prolonged (14.3, 16.8, and 31.0 months; p < 0.001). The use of <3 lines, the non-complete and partial response of the first line, modified albumin-bilirubin at grade 2b or 3, an intrahepatic tumor number ≥ 5, extrahepatic metastasis, and alpha-fetoprotein at ≥400 ng/mL were the strongest factors associated with shorter OS. Sequential therapies have contributed to significant improvements in HCC prognosis, suggesting that sequential treatment post-progression is worthwhile for better survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (Y.N.); (Y.H.)
| | - Masashi Hirooka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (Y.N.); (Y.H.)
| | - Atsushi Hiraoka
- Gastroenterology Center, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama 790-0024, Japan; (A.H.)
| | - Yohei Koizumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (Y.N.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ryo Yano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (Y.N.); (Y.H.)
| | - Makoto Morita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (Y.N.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yuki Okazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (Y.N.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yusuke Imai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (Y.N.); (Y.H.)
| | - Hideko Ohama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Takarazuka City Hospital, Takarazuka 665-0827, Japan
| | - Kana Hirooka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, National Hospital Organization Ehime Medical Center, Toon 791-0281, Japan
| | - Takao Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (Y.N.); (Y.H.)
| | - Fujimasa Tada
- Gastroenterology Center, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama 790-0024, Japan; (A.H.)
| | - Osamu Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (Y.N.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yoshio Tokumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (Y.N.); (Y.H.)
| | - Masanori Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (Y.N.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yoichi Hiasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (Y.N.); (Y.H.)
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10
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Kudo M. All Stages of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Benefit from Systemic Therapy Combined with Locoregional Therapy. Liver Cancer 2023; 12:395-404. [PMID: 37901769 PMCID: PMC10603619 DOI: 10.1159/000533493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
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11
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Kudo M, Aoki T, Ueshima K, Tsuchiya K, Morita M, Chishina H, Takita M, Hagiwara S, Minami Y, Ida H, Nishida N, Ogawa C, Tomonari T, Nakamura N, Kuroda H, Takebe A, Takeyama Y, Hidaka M, Eguchi S, Chan SL, Kurosaki M, Izumi N. Achievement of Complete Response and Drug-Free Status by Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab Combined with or without Curative Conversion in Patients with Transarterial Chemoembolization-Unsuitable, Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicenter Proof-Of-Concept Study. Liver Cancer 2023; 12:321-338. [PMID: 37901197 PMCID: PMC10603621 DOI: 10.1159/000529574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy is extremely effective in the treatment of intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with a response rate of 44%, as reported in the IMbrave150 trial. When tumor shrinkage is obtained, achieving complete response (CR) is possible in many cases using curative conversion with resection, ablation, or superselective transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with curative intent. This concept, i.e., curative conversion by combining systemic therapy and locoregional therapy, has not been reported before. This multicenter proof-of-concept study was conducted to show the value of curative conversion in immunotherapy-treated intermediate-stage HCC meeting TACE-unsuitable criteria. Methods This study included 110 consecutive Child-Pugh A patients who received atezolizumab plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment for unresectable and TACE-unsuitable intermediate-stage HCC at seven centers in Japan. CR rate, drug-free rate, time to CR, change in liver function, efficacy in positron emission tomography (PET)-positive HCC, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed in patients who achieved CR using resection, ablation, superselective TACE with curative intent following atezolizumab plus bevacizumab or atezolizumab plus bevacizumab alone. Results Clinical or pathological CR was achieved in 38 patients (35%) (median observation period: 21.2 months). The modalities of curative conversion in 35 patients were as follows: resection, 7; ablation, 13; and superselective TACE, 15. Three patients achieved clinical CR with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy alone. Among the 38 CR patients, 25 achieved drug-free status. PFS was not reached, and 3 patients experienced recurrence after reaching CR. Regarding OS, there were no deaths in any of the CR patients. The albumin-bilirubin score did not deteriorate after locoregional therapy or resection. Of seven PET-positive patients who achieved CR with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab followed by curative conversion, five achieved drug-free status. Conclusion The achievement of CR rate by curative conversion in patients treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab as the preceding therapy for unresectable and TACE-unsuitable intermediate-stage HCC was 35%. Overall, 23% of patients achieved drug-free status and no recurrence was observed from this patient subgroup with CR and drug-free status. Thus, achieving CR and/or drug-free status should be a therapeutic goal for patients with intermediate-stage HCC without vascular invasion or extrahepatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Aoki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Ueshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Morita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Chishina
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Hagiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasunori Minami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoshi Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chikara Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Tetsu Tomonari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Hidekatsu Kuroda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takebe
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Takeyama
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hidaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Susumu Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Stephen L Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Masayuki Kurosaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Namiki Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Kudo M. Drug-Off Criteria in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Who Achieved Clinical Complete Response after Combination Immunotherapy Combined with Locoregional Therapy. Liver Cancer 2023; 12:289-296. [PMID: 37901198 PMCID: PMC10601881 DOI: 10.1159/000532023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
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13
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Kudo M, Finn RS, Galle PR, Zhu AX, Ducreux M, Cheng AL, Ikeda M, Tsuchiya K, Aoki KI, Jia J, Lencioni R. IMbrave150: Efficacy and Safety of Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab versus Sorafenib in Patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage B Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Exploratory Analysis of the Phase III Study. Liver Cancer 2023; 12:238-250. [PMID: 37767068 PMCID: PMC10521324 DOI: 10.1159/000528272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The phase III IMbrave150 study established atezolizumab + bevacizumab as standard of care in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This exploratory analysis reports efficacy and safety results in patients with baseline Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B disease. Methods Patients with systemic treatment-naive unresectable HCC and Child-Pugh class A liver function were randomized 2:1 to receive 1,200 mg of atezolizumab plus 15 mg/kg of bevacizumab or 400 mg of sorafenib. Co-primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) per independent review facility (IRF)-assessed Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) version 1.1 in the BCLC stage B subgroup. Patients in this analysis had BCLC stage B disease at baseline per electronic case report form. Secondary efficacy endpoints included the objective response rate (ORR) and change in the sum of longest diameters (SLD) of target lesions from baseline per IRF RECIST 1.1 and modified RECIST (mRECIST) for HCC. Results Of 501 enrolled patients, 74 (15%) had BCLC stage B disease at baseline (atezolizumab + bevacizumab, n = 49; sorafenib, n = 24). For this group, median follow-up was 19.7 months. A trend toward improved OS and PFS per IRF RECIST 1.1 was observed with atezolizumab + bevacizumab versus sorafenib (OS: hazard ratio [HR]: 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29, 1.34; PFS: HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.36, 1.12). ORRs per IRF RECIST 1.1 and HCC mRECIST were 43% and 50% with atezolizumab + bevacizumab and 26% and 30% with sorafenib, respectively. Percentage change in SLD of target lesions from baseline per IRF RECIST 1.1 and HCC mRECIST showed durable responses with atezolizumab + bevacizumab treatment. Safety data were consistent with known profiles of atezolizumab and bevacizumab, as seen in the overall study population. Discussion/Conclusion Efficacy benefits were observed with atezolizumab + bevacizumab in patients with baseline BCLC stage B disease, consistent with the intention-to-treat population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Richard S. Finn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peter R. Galle
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrew X. Zhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Jiahui International Cancer Center, Jiahui Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Michel Ducreux
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Paris-Saclay University, Inserm U1279, Villejuif, France
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Masafumi Ikeda
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Jing Jia
- Hoffmann-La Roche Limited, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Kudo M. The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2023; 12:256-260. [PMID: 37124680 PMCID: PMC10129894 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-23-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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15
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Hagiwara S, Nishida N, Kudo M. Advances in Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2070. [PMID: 37046727 PMCID: PMC10093619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) aim to induce immune responses against tumors and are less likely to develop drug resistance than molecularly targeted drugs. In addition, they are characterized by a long-lasting antitumor effect. However, since its effectiveness depends on the tumor's immune environment, it is essential to understand the immune environment of hepatocellular carcinoma to select ICI therapeutic indications and develop biomarkers. A network of diverse cellular and humoral factors establishes cancer immunity. By analyzing individual cases and classifying them from the viewpoint of tumor immunity, attempts have been made to select the optimal therapeutic drug for immunotherapy, including ICIs. ICI treatment is discussed from the viewpoints of immune subclass of HCC, Wnt/β-catenin mutation, immunotherapy in NASH-related HCC, the mechanism of HPD onset, and HBV reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hagiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
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16
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Wang X, Chen J, Lin L, Li Y, Tao Q, Lang Z, Zheng J, Yu Z. Machine learning integrations develop an antigen-presenting-cells and T-Cells-Infiltration derived LncRNA signature for improving clinical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:284. [PMID: 36978017 PMCID: PMC10053113 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10766-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As a highly heterogeneous cancer, the prognostic stratification and personalized management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still challenging. Recently, Antigen-presenting-cells (APCs) and T-cells-infiltration (TCI) have been reported to be implicated in modifying immunology in HCC. Nevertheless, the clinical value of APCs and TCI-related long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) in the clinical outcomes and precision treatment of HCC is still obscure. In this study, a total of 805 HCC patients were enrolled from three public datasets and an external clinical cohort. 5 machine learning (ML) algorithms were transformed into 15 kinds of ML integrations, which was used to construct the preliminary APC-TCI related LncRNA signature (ATLS). According to the criterion with the largest average C-index in the validation sets, the optimal ML integration was selected to construct the optimal ATLS. By incorporating several vital clinical characteristics and molecular features for comparison, ATLS was demonstrated to have a relatively more significantly superior predictive capacity. Additionally, it was found that the patients with high ATLS score had dismal prognosis, relatively high frequency of tumor mutation, remarkable immune activation, high expression levels of T cell proliferation regulators and anti-PD-L1 response as well as extraordinary sensitivity to Oxaliplatin/Fluorouracil/Lenvatinib. In conclusion, ATLS may serve as a robust and powerful biomarker for improving the clinical outcomes and precision treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Lifan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qiqi Tao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhichao Lang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jianjian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
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17
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Wong JK, Lim HJ, Tam VC, Burak KW, Dawson LA, Chaudhury P, Abraham RJ, Meyers BM, Sapisochin G, Valenti D, Samimi S, Ramjeesingh R, Mujoomdar A, Martins I, Dixon E, Segedi M, Liu DM. Clinical consensus statement: Establishing the roles of locoregional and systemic therapies for the treatment of intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma in Canada. Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 115:102526. [PMID: 36924644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide and approximately one-third of patients present with intermediate-stage disease. The treatment landscape of intermediate-stage HCC is rapidly evolving due to developments in local, locoregional and systemic therapies. Treatment recommendations focused on this heterogenous disease stage and that take into account the Canadian reality are lacking. To address this gap, a pan-Canadian group of experts in hepatology, transplant, surgery, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine, interventional radiology, and medical oncology came together to develop consensus recommendations on management of intermediate-stage HCC relevant to the Canadian context. METHODS A modified Delphi framework was used to develop consensus statements with strengths of recommendation and supporting levels of evidence graded using the AHA/ACC classification system. Tentative consensus statements were drafted based on a systematic search and expert input in a series of iterative feedback cycles and were then circulated via online survey to assess the level of agreement. RESULTS & CONCLUSION The pre-defined ratification threshold of 80 % agreement was reached for all statements in the areas of multidisciplinary treatment (n = 4), intra-arterial therapy (n = 14), biologics (n = 5), radiation therapy (n = 3), surgical resection and transplantation (n = 7), and percutaneous ablative therapy (n = 4). These generally reflected an expansion in treatment options due to developments in previously established or emergent techniques, introduction of new and more active therapies and increased therapeutic flexibility. These developments have allowed for greater treatment tailoring and personalization as well as a paradigm shift toward strategies with curative intent in a wider range of disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K Wong
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Howard J Lim
- BC Cancer Agency, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada.
| | - Vincent C Tam
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, 1331 29 St NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
| | - Kelly W Burak
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Laura A Dawson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada.
| | | | - Robert J Abraham
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Brandon M Meyers
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, 699 Concession St, Hamilton, ON L8V 5C2, Canada.
| | | | - David Valenti
- McGill University, 845 Rue Sherbrooke O, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada.
| | - Setareh Samimi
- Hopital Sacre-Coeur de Montreal, University of Montreal, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montréal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada.
| | - Ravi Ramjeesingh
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Amol Mujoomdar
- Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Ilidio Martins
- Kaleidoscope Strategic, Inc. 1 King Street W, Suite 4800 - 117, Toronto, ON M5H 1A1, Canada.
| | - Elijah Dixon
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Maja Segedi
- Department of Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, Jim Pattison Pavilion, 899 W 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - David M Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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18
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Di Martino M, Vitale A, Ferraro D, Maniscalco M, Pisaniello D, Arenga G, Falaschi F, Terrone A, Iacomino A, Galeota Lanza A, Esposito C, Cillo U, Vennarecci G. Downstaging Therapies for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Awaiting Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Intention-to-Treat Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5102. [PMID: 36291885 PMCID: PMC9600776 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Locoregional therapies (LRTs) are commonly used to increase the number of potential candidates for liver transplantation (LT). The aim of this paper is to assess the outcomes of LRTs prior to LT in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond the listing criteria. Methods: In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, we searched the Medline and Web of Science databases for reports published before May 2021. We included papers assessing adult patients with HCC considered for LT and reporting intention-to-treat (ITT) survival outcomes. Two reviewers independently identified and extracted the data and evaluated the papers. Outcomes analysed were drop-out rate; time on the waiting list; and 1, 3 and 5 year survival after LT and based on an ITT analysis. Results: The literature search yielded 3,106 records, of which 11 papers (1874 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Patients with HCC beyond the listing criteria and successfully downstaged presented a higher drop-out rate (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.45−2.88, p < 0.001) and a longer time from the initial assessment to LT than those with HCC within the listing criteria (MD 1.93, 95% CI 0.91−2.94, p < 0.001). The 1, 3 and 5 year survival post-LT and based on an ITT analysis did not show significant differences between the two groups. Patients with HCC beyond the listing criteria, successfully downstaged and then transplanted, presented longer 3 year (OR 3.77, 95% CI 1.26−11.32, p = 0.02) and 5 year overall survival (OS) (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.15−8.23, p = 0.02) in comparison with those that were not submitted to LT. Conclusions: Patients with HCC beyond the listing criteria undergoing downstaging presented a higher drop-out rate in comparison with those with HCC within the listing criteria. However, the two groups did not present significant differences in 1, 3 and 5 year survival rates based on an ITT analysis. Patients with HCC beyond the listing, when successfully downstaged and transplanted, presented longer 3 and 5-year OS in comparison with those who were not transplanted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Di Martino
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, A.O.R.N. Cardarelli, 80128 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padova University, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Ferraro
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, A.O.R.N. Cardarelli, 80128 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marilisa Maniscalco
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, A.O.R.N. Cardarelli, 80128 Napoli, Italy
| | - Donatella Pisaniello
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, A.O.R.N. Cardarelli, 80128 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arenga
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, A.O.R.N. Cardarelli, 80128 Napoli, Italy
| | - Federica Falaschi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, A.O.R.N. Cardarelli, 80128 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso Terrone
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, A.O.R.N. Cardarelli, 80128 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Iacomino
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, A.O.R.N. Cardarelli, 80128 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padova University, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Ciro Esposito
- Liver Intesive Care Unit, Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, A.O.R.N. Cardarelli, 80128 Napoli, Italy
| | - Umberto Cillo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padova University, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vennarecci
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, A.O.R.N. Cardarelli, 80128 Napoli, Italy
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19
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Kudo M. Implications of the TACTICS Trial: Establishing the New Concept of Combination/Sequential Systemic Therapy and Transarterial Chemoembolization to Achieve Synergistic Effects. Liver Cancer 2022; 11:487-496. [PMID: 36589725 PMCID: PMC9801179 DOI: 10.1159/000527404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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