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Rivas L, Strydom H, Paine S, Wang J, Wright J. Yersiniosis in New Zealand. Pathogens 2021; 10:191. [PMID: 33578727 PMCID: PMC7916520 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of yersiniosis in New Zealand (NZ) is high compared with other developed countries, and rates have been increasing over recent years. Typically, >99% of human cases in NZ are attributed to Yersinia enterocolitica (YE), although in 2014, a large outbreak of 220 cases was caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Up until 2012, the most common NZ strain was YE biotype 4. The emergent strain since this time is YE biotype 2/3 serotype O:9. The pathogenic potential of some YE biotypes remains unclear. Most human cases of yersiniosis are considered sporadic without an identifiable source. Key restrictions in previous investigations included insufficient sensitivity for the isolation of Yersinia spp. from foods, although foodborne transmission is the most likely route of infection. In NZ, YE has been isolated from a variety of sick and healthy domestic and farm animals but the pathways from zoonotic reservoir to human remain unproven. Whole-genome sequencing provides unprecedented discriminatory power for typing Yersinia and is now being applied to NZ epidemiological investigations. A "One-Health" approach is necessary to elucidate the routes of transmission of Yersinia and consequently inform targeted interventions for the prevention and management of yersiniosis in NZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rivas
- Christchurch Science Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Ilam, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand;
| | - Hugo Strydom
- National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Upper Hutt, Wellington 5018, New Zealand;
| | - Shevaun Paine
- Kenepuru Science Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Porirua, Wellington 5022, New Zealand; (S.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Kenepuru Science Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Porirua, Wellington 5022, New Zealand; (S.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Jackie Wright
- National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Upper Hutt, Wellington 5018, New Zealand;
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Main Groups of Microorganisms of Relevance for Food Safety and Stability. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR FOOD PRESERVATION 2018. [PMCID: PMC7150063 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811031-7.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbiology is important to food safety, production, processing, preservation, and storage. Microbes such as bacteria, molds, and yeasts are employed for the foods production and food ingredients such as production of wine, beer, bakery, and dairy products. On the other hand, the growth and contamination of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms is considered as one of the main causes to loss of foodstuff nowadays. Although technology, hygienic strategies, and traceability are important factors to prevent and delay microbial growth and contamination, food remains susceptible to spoilage and activity of pathogen microorganisms. Food loss by either spoilage or contaminated food affects food industry and consumers leading to economic losses and increased hospitalization costs. This chapter focuses on general aspects, characteristics, and importance of main microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts, molds, virus, and parasites) involved in food spoilage or contamination: known and recently discovered species; defects and alterations in foodstuff; most common food associated with each foodborne disease; resistance to thermal processing; occurrence in different countries; outbreaks; and associated symptoms.
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Joutsen S, Laukkanen-Ninios R, Henttonen H, Niemimaa J, Voutilainen L, Kallio ER, Helle H, Korkeala H, Fredriksson-Ahomaa M. Yersiniaspp. in Wild Rodents and Shrews in Finland. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 17:303-311. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Joutsen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Laukkanen-Ninios
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Liina Voutilainen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Vantaa, Finland
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva R. Kallio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Helle
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hannu Korkeala
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Martin L, Cabanel N, Lesoille C, Ménard T, Carniel E. Investigation of an unusual increase in human yersinioses in Creuse, France. Int J Infect Dis 2015; 34:76-8. [PMID: 25800947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate an unusual cluster of Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3/VIII human infections that occurred in Creuse (France) during the summer 2008, and to perform retrospective and prospective analyses of yersiniosis cases to get a better view of the general trend. METHODS 33 pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains isolated between 2008 and 2010 in Creuse were subjected to phenotypic and molecular typing. The database of the Yersinia National Reference Laboratory was used to compare the number of human cases over 23 years in Creuse and at the national level. RESULTS The 33 isolates had three distinct phenotypes and a high genetic diversity, ruling out a unique source of contamination. A long-term analysis of yersiniosis cases in Creuse showed a progressive increase over years, with a peak in 2008 and a subsequent decrease. This trend contrasted with the national cases that showed an opposite pattern. CONCLUSIONS Local environmental conditions were most likely responsible for a transient expansion of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains in Creuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Martin
- Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Cabanel
- Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Thierry Ménard
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Médicales Biolyss, La Souterraine, France
| | - Elisabeth Carniel
- Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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Zadernowska A, Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W, Łaniewska-Trokenheim Ł. Yersinia enterocolitica: A Dangerous, But Often Ignored, Foodborne Pathogen. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2013.853775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gilpin BJ, Robson B, Lin S, Hudson JA, Weaver L, Dufour M, Strydom H. The Limitations of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis for Analysis ofYersinia enterocoliticaIsolates. Zoonoses Public Health 2013; 61:405-10. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. J. Gilpin
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research; Christchurch Science Centre; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - B Robson
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research; Christchurch Science Centre; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - S. Lin
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research; Christchurch Science Centre; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - J. A. Hudson
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research; Christchurch Science Centre; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - L. Weaver
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research; Christchurch Science Centre; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - M. Dufour
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research; National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease; Wellington New Zealand
| | - H. Strydom
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research; National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease; Wellington New Zealand
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Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis in genotyping Yersinia enterocolitica strains from human and porcine origins. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:2154-9. [PMID: 23637293 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00710-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic and epidemiologically linked Yersinia enterocolitica strains (n = 379) isolated from fecal samples from human patients, tonsil or fecal samples from pigs collected at slaughterhouses, and pork samples collected at meat stores were genotyped using multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) with six loci, i.e., V2A, V4, V5, V6, V7, and V9. In total, 312 different MLVA types were found. Similar types were detected (i) in fecal samples collected from human patients over 2 to 3 consecutive years, (ii) in samples from humans and pigs, and (iii) in samples from pigs that originated from the same farms. Among porcine strains, we found farm-specific MLVA profiles. Variations in the numbers of tandem repeats from one to four for variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) loci V2A, V5, V6, and V7 were observed within a farm. MLVA was applicable for serotypes O:3, O:5,27, and O:9 and appeared to be a highly discriminating tool for distinguishing sporadic and outbreak-related strains. With long-term use, interpretation of the results became more challenging due to variations in more-discriminating loci, as was observed for strains originating from pig farms. Additionally, we encountered unexpectedly short V2A VNTR fragments and sequenced them. According to the sequencing results, updated guidelines for interpreting V2A VNTR results were prepared.
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Bari ML, Hossain MA, Isshiki K, Ukuku D. Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods. J Pathog 2011; 2011:420732. [PMID: 22567332 PMCID: PMC3335665 DOI: 10.4061/2011/420732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica are ubiquitous, being isolated frequently from soil, water, animals, and a variety of foods. They comprise a biochemically heterogeneous group that can survive and grow at refrigeration temperatures. The ability to propagate at refrigeration temperatures is of considerable significance in food hygiene. Virulent strains of Yersinia invade mammalian cells such as HeLa cells in tissue culture. Two chromosomal genes, inv and ail, were identified for cell invasion of mammalian. The pathogen can cause diarrhoea, appendicitis and post-infection arthritis may occur in a small proportion of cases. The most common transmission route of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica is thought to be fecal-oral via contaminated food. Direct person-to-person contact is rare. Occasionally, pathogenic Y. enterocolitica has been detected in vegetables and environmental water; thus, vegetables and untreated water are also potential sources of human yersiniosis. However, the isolation rates of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica have been low, which may be due to the limited sensitivity of the detection methods. To identify other possible transmission vehicles, different food items should be studied more extensively. Many factors related to the epidemiology of Y. enterocolitica, such as sources, transmission routes, and predominating genotypes remain obscure because of the low sensitivity of detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Latiful Bari
- Food Analysis Research Laboratory Center for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - M. Anwar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Kenji Isshiki
- Division of Marine Life Science, Research Faculty of Fisheries Science, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Dike Ukuku
- Food Safety Intervention Technologies, Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
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Sabina Y, Rahman A, Ray RC, Montet D. Yersinia enterocolitica: Mode of Transmission, Molecular Insights of Virulence, and Pathogenesis of Infection. J Pathog 2011; 2011:429069. [PMID: 22567333 PMCID: PMC3335483 DOI: 10.4061/2011/429069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Yersinia enterocolitica is usually transmitted through contaminated food and untreated water, occasional transmission such as human-to-human, animal-to-human and blood transfusion associated transmission have also identified in human disease. Of the six Y. enterocolitica biotypes, the virulence of the pathogenic biotypes, namely, 1B and 2-5 is attributed to the presence of a highly conserved 70-kb virulence plasmid, termed pYV/pCD and certain chromosomal genes. Some biotype 1A strains, despite lacking virulence plasmid (pYV) and traditional chromosomal virulence genes, are isolated frequently from humans with gastrointestinal diseases similar to that produced by isolates belonging known pathogenic biotypes. Y. enterocolitica pathogenic biotypes have evolved two major properties: the ability to penetrate the intestinal wall, which is thought to be controlled by plasmid genes, and the production of heat-stable enterotoxin, which is controlled by chromosomal genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeasmin Sabina
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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