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Li X, Xiang F, Liu T, Chen Z, Zhang M, Li J, Kang X, Wu R. Leveraging existing 16S rRNA gene surveys to decipher microbial signatures and dysbiosis in cervical carcinogenesis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11532. [PMID: 38773342 PMCID: PMC11109339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of dysbiotic cervicovaginal microbiota has been observed to be linked to the persistent development of cervical carcinogenesis mediated by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Nevertheless, the characteristics of the cervical microbiome in individuals diagnosed with cervical cancer (CC) are still not well understood. Comprehensive analysis was conducted by re-analyzing the cervical 16S rRNA sequencing datasets of a total of 507 samples from six previously published studies. We observed significant alpha and beta diversity differences in between CC, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and normal controls (NC), but not between HPV and NC in the combined dataset. Meta-analysis revealed that opportunistic pernicious microbes Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Pseudomonas and Anaerococcus were enriched in CC, while Lactobacillus was depleted compared to NC. Members of Gardnerella, Sneathia, Pseudomonas, and Fannyhessea have significantly increased relative abundance compared to other bacteria in the CIN group. Five newly identified bacterial genera were found to differentiate CC from NC, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8947. Moreover, co-occurrence network analysis showed that the most commonly encountered Lactobacillus was strongly negatively correlated with Prevotella. Overall, our study identified a set of potential biomarkers for CC from samples across different geographic regions. Our meta-analysis provided significant insights into the characteristics of dysbiotic cervicovaginal microbiota undergoing CC, which may lead to the development of noninvasive CC diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Fenfen Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Molecular Science, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zixi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jinpeng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiangdong Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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Català A, Hernández DG. AEDV Expert Recommendations on the Management of Suppurative Sexually Transmitted Infections. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2024:S0001-7310(24)00340-5. [PMID: 38663731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2024.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is increasing in Spain. Suppurative STIs are one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in specialized centers. The reason for suppurative STIs is multiple and their empirical treatment varies with the currently growing problem of antimicrobial resistance. Dermatologists are trained and prepared to treat these diseases, but their correct management requires active knowledge of national and international guidelines. The present document updates, reviews and summarizes the main expert recommendations on the management and treatment of these STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Català
- Servicio de Dermatología y Venereología, Grupo Español de Investigación en ITS y VIH de la Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología, España; Programa de Salud Sexual, Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Grupo Español de Investigación en ITS y VIH de la Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología,spaña.
| | - D García Hernández
- Programa de Salud Sexual, Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Grupo Español de Investigación en ITS y VIH de la Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología,spaña
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Li J, Jin H, Sun Y, Wang C, Chen H, Gong S, Jiang L. Reconnoitering correlation between human papillomavirus infection-induced vaginal microecological abnormality and squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) progression. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:5. [PMID: 38167014 PMCID: PMC10763377 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02824-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the relationship between abnormal vaginal microecology and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, as well as the squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) progression. METHODS A total of 383 patients diagnosed with HPV infection in our hospital between March 2017 and February 2022 were selected as the experimental group. In addition, several volunteers (n = 898) who underwent physical examination during the same period were randomly selected as the control group. Subsequently, we conducted several investigations, such as HPV detection and gene typing, examined vaginal microecological imbalances, and performed cytological examinations to analyze the correlation between microecological changes, different types of HPV infection, and SIL progression. RESULTS HPV detection primarily included single and high-risk types of HPV infections. Moreover, significant disparities in the vaginal microecological environment between patients with persistent HPV infection and the control group, as well as patients with low-grade and high-grade SIL (LSIL and HSIL), were observed. The regression analysis revealed a correlation between LSIL and microflora density, diversity, bacteriological vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), trichomonas vaginalis (TV), sialidase, as well as Lactobacillus. In addition, we identified an association between HSIL and pH, flora density, diversity, BV, VVC, candida vaginitis (CV), leukocyte esterase, catalase, and Lactobacillus levels. CONCLUSION These findings revealed a significant association between abnormal vaginal microecology and both HPV infection and the SIL progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- Department of Gynecology, Qinhuangdao First Hospital, 258 Wenhua Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066099, China
| | - Haihong Jin
- Department of Gynecology, Qinhuangdao First Hospital, 258 Wenhua Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066099, China
| | - Yongmei Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Qinhuangdao First Hospital, 258 Wenhua Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066099, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Department of Inspection Center, Qinhuangdao First Hospital, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066099, China
| | - Hongjuan Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Qinhuangdao First Hospital, 258 Wenhua Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066099, China
| | - Shan Gong
- Department of Gynecology, Qinhuangdao First Hospital, 258 Wenhua Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066099, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, Qinhuangdao First Hospital, 258 Wenhua Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066099, China.
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Lu Z, Zhao P, Lu H, Xiao M. Analyses of human papillomavirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and co-infections in a gynecology outpatient clinic in Haikou area, China. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:117. [PMID: 36944923 PMCID: PMC10029165 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to study the infection rates of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and co-infections with human papillomavirus (HPV) in a hospital gynecology outpatient clinic in the Haikou region in 2021. METHODS From January to December 2021, the Women and Children Medical Center of Hainan Province collected 2389 samples of cervical exfoliated cells and vaginal swab specimens from gynecologic outpatients. The samples were then analyzed descriptively for data, and the detection rate of each pathogen was tallied. All vaginal swabs were obtained for CT, UU, and NG DNA testing, and cervical exfoliated cells for HPV genotyping. Analyses were performed on the detection rate of each group. RESULTS In 2389 samples, the frequencies of pathogen identification among the 2389 samples were as follows: UU (58.43%); HPV (17.29%); CT (7.99%); and NG (0.38%). HPV, CT, UU, and NG were detected in 33.33%, 22.55%, 77.45%, and 2.94% of individuals between 15 and 20 years of age, respectively. The detection rates of CT, UU, and NG were substantially greater in the HPV-positive group than the the HPV-negative group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Among gynecologic outpatients at a hospital in the Haikou area, the probability of mixed infections with genital tract pathogens in HPV-positive patients was higher compared to HPV-negative patients. Reproductive tract infections are becoming more prevalent in younger people, hence adolescent sexual health education needs improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Health Care Center of Hainan, 75 Longkun Nan Road, Haikou City, 570100, Hainan Province, China
| | - Peizhen Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Health Care Center of Hainan, 75 Longkun Nan Road, Haikou City, 570100, Hainan Province, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Health Care Center of Hainan, 75 Longkun Nan Road, Haikou City, 570100, Hainan Province, China
| | - Meifang Xiao
- Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Health Care Center of Hainan, 75 Longkun Nan Road, Haikou City, 570100, Hainan Province, China.
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Nguyen BH, Pham QM, Hoang L, Sansone A, Jannini EA, Tran CM. Investigating the microbial pathogens of sexually transmitted infections among heterosexual Vietnamese men with symptomatic urethritis. Aging Male 2022; 25:125-133. [PMID: 35416126 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2022.2063272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the microbial etiology of urethritis in Vietnamese men and the association with patients' characteristics, especially their sexual behaviors. METHODS This study was conducted on 349 men who presented with symptomatic urethritis and evidence of STIs (determined by multiplex PCR tests) at the Department of Andrology and Sexual Medicine-Hanoi Medical University Hospital. All information regarding medical history, sexual activities, and symptoms of urethritis was documented. RESULTS C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoea remained the two most common causative pathogens, followed by an unexpectedly high prevalence of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species. Coinfection was significant with a rate of 40.7%. Men who had sex with female sex workers (FSWs) were more likely to be positive with N. gonorrhoea but less likely to be positive with C. trachomatis and M. genitalium than those having sex with only one romantic partner. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested the important role of other microorganisms, especially M. genitalium, in the etiology of urethritis in men besides the previously well-known causes of STIs. Since the coinfection rate is quite high, targeted treatment with clear microbial evidence should be considered rather than empiric antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bac Hoai Nguyen
- Department of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, Hanoi Medical University's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quan Minh Pham
- Department of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, Hanoi Medical University's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Long Hoang
- Department of Urology, Hanoi Medical University's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Andrea Sansone
- Endocrinology and Sexual Medicine (ENDOSEX), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emmanuele A Jannini
- Endocrinology and Sexual Medicine (ENDOSEX), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Chau Minh Tran
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Hanoi Medical University's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Lee SS, Cheng KF, Wong NS, Kwan CK, Lau OC, Cheng HF, Ngan W, Ma SP, Kam KM, Ho KM, Chung PH, Chan DPC. The emergence of antibiotic resistant Mycoplasma genitalium as the cause of non-gonococcal urethritis in male sexually transmitted infection clinic patients. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 59:106510. [PMID: 34971729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is the cause of an emerging sexually-acquired infection with high propensity for antimicrobial resistance development. In a prevalence study conducted at the public sexually transmitted infection (STI) service in Hong Kong, the first void urine (FVU) samples of 38 (8%) out of 493 male non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) patients were tested positive by RT-PCR. Patients with MG were younger in age (31 vs 33, OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.996; P=0.03), more likely to present with urethral discharge (12% vs 6%, OR=2.16, 95% CI 1.10-4.23; P=0.02) and had longer symptom duration of over 2 weeks (14% vs 6%, OR=2.34, 95% CI 1.10-4.97; P=0.03). The prevalence of MG was lower in patients co-infected with Chlamydia trachomatis than as isolated infection (4% vs 10%, OR=0.38, 95% CI 0.17-0.84; P=0.02). Men who have sex with men (MSM) did not give a higher prevalence of MG. Antimicrobial resistance-conferring mutation was present in 24 (63%) patients with MG - 23S rRNA 18 (47%) and parC 19 (53%). Similar to neigbouring Asia Pacific countries, concurrent resistance mutation against both macrolide and fluoroquinolone was demonstrated in 14 (37%). Histories of azithromycin and moxifloxacin use were significantly associated with MG diagnosis. Characteristically, NGU in Hong Kong featured the co-existence of mono-resistance against macrolide or fluoroquinolone, and the presence of dual class resistance. The geographic variability of antimicrobial resistance against MG is attributed to not just the different transmission networks formed in separate population groups but the antimicrobial prescriptions in the treatment of urethritis in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui Shan Lee
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kim Fung Cheng
- Social Hygiene Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ngai Sze Wong
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Keung Kwan
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - On Cheung Lau
- Social Hygiene Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hok Fai Cheng
- Social Hygiene Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, Hong Kong, China
| | - William Ngan
- Social Hygiene Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu Pang Ma
- Social Hygiene Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Man Kam
- Precious Blood Hospital (Caritas), Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - King Man Ho
- Social Hygiene Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui Hong Chung
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Denise Pui Chung Chan
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions Are Associated with Differences in the Vaginal Microbiota of Mexican Women. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0014321. [PMID: 34643408 PMCID: PMC8515943 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00143-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is an important health concern worldwide and is one of the leading causes of death in Mexican women. Previous studies have shown changes in the female genital tract microbe community related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer; yet, this link remains unexplored in many human populations. This study evaluated the vaginal bacterial community among Mexican women with precancerous squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). We sequenced the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene in cervical samples from 228 Mexican women, including 121 participants with SIL, most of which were HPV positive, and 107 healthy women without HPV infection or SIL. The presence of SIL was associated with changes in composition (beta diversity) and with a higher species richness (Chao1). A comparison of HPV-positive women with and without SIL showed that microbiota changes occurred even in the absence of SIL. Multivariate association with linear models (MaAsLin) analysis yielded independent associations between HPV infection and an increase in the relative abundance of Brachybacterium conglomeratum and Brevibacterium aureum as well as a decrease in two Lactobacillus iners operational taxonomic units (OTUs). We also identified a positive independent association between HPV-16, the most common HPV subtype linked to SIL, and Brachybacterium conglomeratum. Our work indicates that HPV infection leading to SIL is primarily associated with shifts in vaginal microbiota composition, some of which may be specific to this human population. IMPORTANCE Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a critical role in cervical carcinogenesis but is not sufficient for cervical cancer development, indicating the involvement of other factors. The vaginal microbiota is an important factor in controlling infections caused by HPV, and, depending on its composition, it can modulate the microenvironment in vaginal mucosa against viral infections. Ethnic and sociodemographic factors influence differences in vaginal microbiome composition, which underlies the dysbiotic patterns linked to HPV infection and cervical cancer across different populations of women. Here, we provide evidence for associations between vaginal microbiota patterns and HPV infection linked to ethnic and sociodemographic factors. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the species Brevibacterium aureum and Brachybacterium conglomeratum linked to HPV infection or squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL).
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Olivera C, Mosmann JP, Paira DA, Molina RI, Tissera AD, Motrich RD, Cuffini CG, Rivero VE. Association between Human Papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections in male partners of infertile couples. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19924. [PMID: 34620929 PMCID: PMC8497555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of HPV infection and its relationship with other sexually transmitted infections was analyzed in a cohort of 117 male partners of infertile couples from Cordoba, Argentina. Semen samples and urethral swabs were obtained and the infection with HPV, Chlamydia trachomatis, HSV1, HSV2, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum was analyzed. A prevalence of HPV infection of 27.4% was found. Interestingly, infections by exclusively low risk HPV genotypes or high/intermediate risk HPV genotypes were present in 64.5% and 22.6% of cases, respectively. Low risk-HPV6 was the most frequently detected genotype. Remarkably, HPV and C. trachomatis infections were significantly associated to each other (OR: 11.55, 95% CI 1.14-117.06). No significant differences in sperm quality were found between HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients indicating that HPV male urogenital infection does not impair sperm quality. Our results show a high prevalence of HPV urogenital infection among male partners of infertile couples, and that HPV and C. trachomatis infections are reciprocal risk factors of their co-infection. Moreover, our results suggest that men constitute a reservoir for continued transmission of C. trachomatis and HPV to women highlighting the need for routine screening for these two pathogens in male partners of infertile couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Olivera
- grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica E Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Haya de La Torre Y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5016HUA Córdoba, Argentina ,grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jessica P. Mosmann
- grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Instituto de Virología “Dr. José M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina ,grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela A. Paira
- grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica E Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Haya de La Torre Y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5016HUA Córdoba, Argentina ,grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rosa I. Molina
- Laboratorio de Andrología Y Reproducción, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Rubén D. Motrich
- grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica E Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Haya de La Torre Y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5016HUA Córdoba, Argentina ,grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cecilia G. Cuffini
- grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Instituto de Virología “Dr. José M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina ,grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia E. Rivero
- grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica E Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Haya de La Torre Y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5016HUA Córdoba, Argentina ,grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Gardnerella vaginalis in urinary tract infections, are men spared? Anaerobe 2021; 72:102438. [PMID: 34530110 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gardnerella vaginalis in association with anaerobes has been linked to bacterial vaginosis in women, while urinary tract infections (UTIs) in men have rarely been reported. The aim of the review was to reveal the significance of G. vaginalis UTIs in men. Prevalence of G. vaginalis UTIs in men varied from 0.5 to >27% according to patients' groups. Most patients had comorbidity such as urolithiasis or stents, transplants, tumors and diabetes, however, infections can also affect immunocompetent patients. We observed G. vaginalis-associated bacteriuria and leukocyturia in a kidney transplant man. Complications of the UTIs such as bacteremia (in 9/11 cases), hydronephrosis (4/11) and abscesses or septic emboli have been reported. Bacterial vaginosis in female partners has been a risk factor for UTIs in males. In women, biofilm Gardnerella phenotype, stabilized by Atopobium vaginae and Prevotella bivia was linked to ≥6-fold higher antibiotic resistance rates compared with the planktonic phenotype. Non-susceptibility to metronidazole and levofloxacin was found also in males. Therefore, if aerobic urine cultures are negative, urine and blood samples from male patients with predisposing factors and clinical signs of UTIs and bacteremia, can be taken. Plates should be incubated for 2-4 days in capnophilic/microaerophilic conditions, however only anaerobic incubation can help with detecting G. vaginalis strains which grow only anaerobically. Susceptibility testing of the isolates is highly important. Briefly, adherent G. vaginalis phenotype can be sexually transmissible. Despite the infrequency of G. vaginalis UTIs in men, the infections should be considered since they are often linked to severe complications.
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Wada K, Hamasuna R, Sadahira T, Araki M, Yamamoto S. UAA-AAUS guideline for M. genitalium and non-chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis. J Infect Chemother 2021; 27:1384-1388. [PMID: 34332883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis (NCNGU) is defined as urethritis with neither Neisseria gonorrhoeae nor Chlamydia trachomatis. Possible causative agents of NCNGU include Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Mycoplasma hominis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and so on. Among these microorganisms, the pathogenicity of M. genitalium and T. vaginalis to the male urethra has been confirmed so far. The Asian Association of Urinary Tract Infection and Sexually Transmitted Infection (AAUS) belonging to the Urological Association of Asia (UAA) had developed the guidelines regarding NCNGU and the present guidelines were updated from previous edition. Relevant references were meticulously reviewed again and latest studies were collected. In addition to the levels of evidence, the recommendation grades were defined using the modified GRADE methodology. Herein, we present the new edition of the UAA-AAUS guidelines for M. genitalium and non-chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Wada
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa-machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Hamasuna
- Department of Urology, Federation of National Public Services and Affiliated Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Shin-Kokura Hospital, Kanada 1-3-1, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyusyu, 803-0816, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa-machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Takuya Sadahira
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa-machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Motoo Araki
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shingo Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine College Hospital, 1-1 Mukogawa-machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU), 1-1 Mukogawa-machi, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
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11
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de Souza LS, Sardinha JC, Talhari S, Heibel M, Santos MND, Talhari C. Main etiological agents identified in 170 men with urethritis attended at the Fundação Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. An Bras Dermatol 2021; 96:176-183. [PMID: 33640187 PMCID: PMC8007485 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are a global public health problem. Urethritis are among the most common STIs, and can cause several complications and facilitate the transmission of the HIV virus. Objectives To investigate the main etiologic agents of urethritis in 170 men treated at Fundação Alfredo da Matta. Methods To identify the agents, urethral exudate and urine were collected. Gram and culture tests were performed in Thayer-Martin medium for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and polymerase chain reaction for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and herpes simplex types 1 and 2. Results N. gonorrhoeae were identified in 102 (60.0%) patients, C. trachomatis in 50 (29.4%), U. urealyticum in 29 (17.0%), M. genitalium in 11 (6.5 %), U. parvum in ten (5.9%), and M. hominis in seven (4.1%). Herpes simplex type 2 was diagnosed in 24 (21.6%) of the 111 patients who underwent PCR for this pathogen. In 69 cases there was co-infection; the most frequent were: N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis in 21 (14.7%) patients; N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis in 21 (12.4%) patients; N. gonorrhoeae and herpes simplex type 2 in 11 (6.5%), and N. gonorrhoeae and U. urealyticum in nine (5.3%). Study limitations Not relevant. Conclusion N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, U. urealyticum, and herpes simplex type 2 were the pathogens most frequently identified in the present study. The main coinfection found was N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis. T. vaginalis and herpes simplex type 1 were not identified in any of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilene Sales de Souza
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Infections, Fundação Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Sardinha
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Infections, Fundação Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Sinésio Talhari
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Infections, Fundação Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Marcel Heibel
- Department of Dermatology, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Mônica Nunes Dos Santos
- Department of Dermatology, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, Fundação Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Carolina Talhari
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Infections, Fundação Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
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12
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Huckabay L, Fisher DG, Reynolds GL, Rannalli D, Erlyana E. Gender differences in risk taking behaviors for Chlamydia trachomatis. Health Care Women Int 2020; 41:1147-1165. [PMID: 32701401 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2020.1797037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a global problem. We compared the risk taking behaviors for CT infection between men and women. Adults (2299 females, 5559 males) were administered the Risk Behavior Assessment. In women, CT was associated with candidiasis, in men with gonorrhea, genital warts, and syphilis. Risk factors for both genders were trading sex for money, use of marijuana for women, and use of Ecstasy and Viagra for men. Those with CT had higher risk perception for HIV infection and were more likely to obtain HIV testing. Patient teaching and concurrent testing for HIV and CT are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loucine Huckabay
- School of Nursing, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Dennis G Fisher
- Department of Psychology and Center for Behavioral Research and Services, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Grace L Reynolds
- Department of Health Care Administration and Center for Behavioral Research and Services, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Debby Rannalli
- School of Nursing, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Erlyana Erlyana
- Department of Health Care Administration and Center for Behavioral Research and Services, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
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13
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Kato Y, Kawaguchi S, Shigehara K, Yaegashi H, Nakashima K, Nakagawa T, Sakamoto J, Itoda I, Ueda M, Izumi K, Kadono Y, Mizokami A. Prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, M. genitalium, M. hominis and Ureaplasma spp. in the anus and urine among Japanese HIV-infected men who have sex with men. J Infect Chemother 2019; 26:403-406. [PMID: 31882383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, M. hominis, and Ureaplasma spp. (biovars 1 and 2) in Japanese HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). One-hundred-and-six Japanese HIV-infected MSM patients were enrolled. Anal and urine samples were collected and DNA testing for each microorganism was performed. Questionnaires regarding lifestyle habits and sexual behavior were administered. The prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, M. genitalium, M. hominis, and Ureaplasma spp. in the anus was 5.6%, 8.9%, 4.4%, 5.6%, and 8.9%, respectively. A history of genital warts was an independent risk factor for detection of Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma spp. The prevalence of these microorganisms in the anus of asymptomatic Japanese HIV-positive MSM was relatively high in agreement with previous reports from other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kato
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shohei Kawaguchi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Kazuyoshi Shigehara
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yaegashi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Nakashima
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nakagawa
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Jiro Sakamoto
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | | | - Mikio Ueda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keijyu Kanazawa Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kouji Izumi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kadono
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mizokami
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
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14
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Lopez-Arias M, Vazquez-Jimenez S, Martinez-Abundis E, Gomez-Crisostomo NP, Chavez-Blanco A, Contreras-Paredes A, De la Cruz-Hernandez E. Genital association of human papillomavirus with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. in Mexican women with precancerous lesions. Int J STD AIDS 2019; 30:969-977. [PMID: 31284837 DOI: 10.1177/0956462419855508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The genital colonization of certain Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. has been associated with an increased the risk of acquisition and persistence of human papillomavirus. However, its association with high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes is not entirely clear, and the prevalence of such coinfections in cervical precancerous lesions has been poorly explored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of high-risk human papillomavirus with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. in 258 women recruited during their routine gynecological inspection at an outpatient clinic in Tabasco, Mexico. Among the Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. evaluated in the present study, the highest peak of prevalence was attributed to Ureaplasma parvum (32.9%), followed by Mycoplasma hominis (14%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (6.6%), and Mycoplasma genitalium (0.8%). The overall prevalence rates of papillomavirus DNA and high-risk human papillomavirus were 25.6% and 17.1%, respectively. The overall association showed that M. hominis and U. urealyticum correlated significantly with high-risk human papillomavirus infection. According to the cytological results, the distribution of coinfection with high-risk human papillomavirus and U. urealyticum did not show significant differences with respect to severity of cervical lesions. Conversely, the association of high-risk human papillomavirus with M. hominis was more frequent in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions ( P = 0.037).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lopez-Arias
- 1 Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco City, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Silvia Vazquez-Jimenez
- 1 Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco City, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Martinez-Abundis
- 1 Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco City, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Nancy P Gomez-Crisostomo
- 1 Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco City, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Alma Chavez-Blanco
- 2 Laboratory of Epigenetics, Division of Basic Research, National Cancer Institute of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Contreras-Paredes
- 3 Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Biology of Oncogenic Virus Division of Basic Research, National Cancer Institute of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erick De la Cruz-Hernandez
- 1 Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco City, Tabasco, Mexico
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15
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Sarier M, Kukul E. Classification of non-gonococcal urethritis: a review. Int Urol Nephrol 2019; 51:901-907. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-019-02140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Gram-Positive Uropathogens, Polymicrobial Urinary Tract Infection, and the Emerging Microbiota of the Urinary Tract. Microbiol Spectr 2017; 4. [PMID: 27227294 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.uti-0012-2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-positive bacteria are a common cause of urinary-tract infection (UTI), particularly among individuals who are elderly, pregnant, or who have other risk factors for UTI. Here we review the epidemiology, virulence mechanisms, and host response to the most frequently isolated Gram-positive uropathogens: Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus agalactiae. We also review several emerging, rare, misclassified, and otherwise underreported Gram-positive pathogens of the urinary tract including Aerococcus, Corynebacterium, Actinobaculum, and Gardnerella. The literature strongly suggests that urologic diseases involving Gram-positive bacteria may be easily overlooked due to limited culture-based assays typically utilized for urine in hospital microbiology laboratories. Some UTIs are polymicrobial in nature, often involving one or more Gram-positive bacteria. We herein review the risk factors and recent evidence for mechanisms of bacterial synergy in experimental models of polymicrobial UTI. Recent experimental data has demonstrated that, despite being cleared quickly from the bladder, some Gram-positive bacteria can impact pathogenic outcomes of co-infecting organisms. When taken together, the available evidence argues that Gram-positive bacteria are important uropathogens in their own right, but that some can be easily overlooked because they are missed by routine diagnostic methods. Finally, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that a surprising variety of fastidious Gram-positive bacteria may either reside in or be regularly exposed to the urinary tract and further suggests that their presence is widespread among women, as well as men. Experimental studies in this area are needed; however, there is a growing appreciation that the composition of bacteria found in the bladder could be a potentially important determinant in urologic disease, including susceptibility to UTI.
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17
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Horner PJ, Blee K, Falk L, van der Meijden W, Moi H. 2016 European guideline on the management of non-gonococcal urethritis. Int J STD AIDS 2016; 27:928-37. [DOI: 10.1177/0956462416648585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present the updated International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections (IUSTI) guideline for the management of non-gonococcal urethritis in men. This guideline recommends confirmation of urethritis in symptomatic men before starting treatment. It does not recommend testing asymptomatic men for the presence of urethritis. All men with urethritis should be tested for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae and ideally Mycoplasma genitalium using a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) as this is highly likely to improve clinical outcomes. If a NAAT is positive for gonorrhoea, a culture should be performed before treatment. In view of the increasing evidence that azithromycin 1 g may result in the development of antimicrobial resistance in M. genitalium, azithromycin 1 g is no longer recommended as first line therapy, which should be doxycycline 100 mg bd for seven days. If azithromycin is to be prescribed an extended course of 500 mg stat, then 250 mg daily for four days is to be preferred over 1 g stat. In men with persistent NGU, M. genitalium NAAT testing is recommended if not previously undertaken, as is Trichomonas vaginalis NAAT testing in populations where T. vaginalis is detectable in >2% of symptomatic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Horner
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
- Bristol Sexual Health Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Karla Blee
- Bristol Sexual Health Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Lars Falk
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Linköping University Hospital, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Sweden
| | | | - Harald Moi
- Olafia Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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18
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Microbial Communities of the Male Urethra. Mol Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555819071.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Le HHL, Bi X, Ishizaki A, Van Le H, Nguyen TV, Hosaka N, Ichimura H. Human papillomavirus infection in male patients with STI-related symptoms in Hanoi, Vietnam. J Med Virol 2015; 88:1059-66. [PMID: 26519942 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, genotypes, and risk factors for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Hanoi, Vietnam. The study included 192 males (mean age, 32.9 years) with symptoms related to sexually transmitted infections (STI). Urinary, penile, and urethral samples were collected in April and May, 2014. HPV DNA was detected with PCR, performed with modified and/or original GP5(+)/GP6(+) primers. HPV genotypes were determined with a gene array assay. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) DNA were detected with loop-mediated isothermal amplification. HPV DNA, NG, and CT were detected in 48 (25.0%), 23 (12.0%), and 41 (21.4%) patients, respectively. HPV DNA appeared in penile samples (21.0%, 39/186) more frequently than in urinary (3.1%, 6/191, P < 0.001) and urethral (9.4%, 18/192, P = 0.002) samples. Among patients with HPV, genotype prevalence was: HPV81 (22.9%), HPV52 (18.8%), HPV18 (16.7%), and HPV16 (6.3%). Multiple-type and high risk-type HPV infections were determined in 33.3% and 64.6%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association of HPV infection in urethra with younger sexual debut age. HPV52 was the most prevalent high-risk HPV genotype, whereas HPV16 was less common in the male Vietnamese patients with STI-related symptoms. Younger sexual-debut age was a risk factor for HPV infection in urethra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Ha Long Le
- Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Xiuqiong Bi
- Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Azumi Ishizaki
- Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hung Van Le
- Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Ichimura
- Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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20
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Horner P, Blee K, O'Mahony C, Muir P, Evans C, Radcliffe K. 2015 UK National Guideline on the management of non-gonococcal urethritis. Int J STD AIDS 2015; 27:85-96. [PMID: 26002319 DOI: 10.1177/0956462415586675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present the updated British Association for Sexual Health and HIV guideline for the management of non-gonococcal urethritis in men. This document includes a review of the current literature on its aetiology, diagnosis and management. In particular it highlights the emerging evidence that azithromycin 1 g may result in the development of antimicrobial resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium and that neither azithromycin 1 g nor doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for seven days achieves a cure rate of >90% for this micro-organism. Evidence-based diagnostic and management strategies for men presenting with symptoms suggestive of urethritis, those confirmed to have non-gonococcal urethritis and those with persistent symptoms following first-line treatment are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Horner
- School of social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Bristol Sexual Health Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - K Blee
- Bristol Sexual Health Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - C O'Mahony
- Chester Sexual Health, Countess of Chester NHS Foundation Trust, Cheshire, UK
| | - P Muir
- Public Health Laboratory, Public Health England, Bristol, UK
| | - C Evans
- West London Centre for Sexual Health, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K Radcliffe
- Whittall Street Clinic, Birmingham Sexual Health, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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21
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Shigehara K, Sasagawa T, Namiki M. Human papillomavirus infection and pathogenesis in urothelial cells: a mini-review. J Infect Chemother 2014; 20:741-7. [PMID: 25271131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2014.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Several recent studies described that high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection could have a potential role in the development of malignancies other than cervical cancer, such as laryngeal carcinoma, penile carcinoma, and anal carcinoma. However, the etiological role of HPV infection in the pathogenesis of urinary tract has not been clarified. Many epidemiological studies demonstrated that HPV infections frequently occur in the external genitalia through sexual contact; however, it was reported that HPV infection could also occur in the urinary tract, including the urethra and urinary bladder. Some morphological changes of cells associated with HPV infection and mild atypical cells, suspected to be intraneoplasia, were seen in HPV-positive samples obtained from the urinary tract. Some clinical studies and meta-analysis have indicated that HPV infection is likely to have a certain etiological correlation with the development of bladder carcinoma, although its prevalence may vary according to HPV type, study population, region, histological type, detection methods, and other variables. According to the results of previous studies, the prevalence of HPV greatly widely varies in cases of bladder carcinoma. Further research by case-control or large-scales studies is thus required to reach a more definite conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshiyuki Sasagawa
- Department of Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Mikio Namiki
- Departments of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
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22
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Clinical characteristics associated with Mycoplasma genitalium among female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:3660-6. [PMID: 25100823 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00850-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium is high in vulnerable populations of women in low-resource settings. However, the epidemiology of infection in these populations is not well established. To determine the prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and its association with cervical cytology and other correlates, we recruited 350 female sex workers (FSW) who were 18 to 50 years old in Nairobi, Kenya, for a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was administered at baseline to obtain information on sociodemographics and sexual behaviors. Women underwent a pelvic exam, during which a physician collected cervical-exfoliation samples for conventional cytology and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing. Samples were tested for M. genitalium and other STI organisms (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis) and the E6/E7 mRNA of human papillomavirus (HPV) by Aptima nucleic amplification assays. The prevalence of M. genitalium was 12.9%. FSW who engaged in sexual intercourse during menses were less likely to have M. genitalium infection than those who did not (odds ratio [OR], 0.3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.1, 0.9). M. genitalium was also less prevalent among FSW who had worked in prostitution for >5 years (6.2%) than among those who had worked for <3 years (17.6%) (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1, 0.8). FSW who reported more frequent condom use were more likely to be infected with M. genitalium than those who reported less frequent use (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.2, 11.6). These correlates differ from those found in M. genitalium studies conducted with FSW from West Africa and China. Further longitudinal analyses assessing associations with persistent M. genitalium infection are needed.
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Nakashima K, Shigehara K, Kawaguchi S, Wakatsuki A, Kobori Y, Nakashima K, Ishii Y, Shimamura M, Sasagawa T, Kitagawa Y, Mizokami A, Namiki M. Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in the oropharynx and urine among sexually active men: a comparative study of infection by papillomavirus and other organisms, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma spp., and Ureaplasma spp. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:43. [PMID: 24468054 PMCID: PMC3907364 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has shown a gradual increase in male predominance due to the increasing incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated OSCC. However, the mode of HPV transmission to the oral cavity is poorly understood, and little is known about the epidemiology of oral HPV infection in men. The prevalence rates of HPV, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma spp., and Ureaplasma spp. were compared in the oropharynx (oral cavity) and urine of male Japanese patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Methods The study population consisted of 213 men aged 16 – 70 years old (mean: 34.4 years old). Oropharyngeal gargles and urine were collected, and sedimented cells were preserved in liquid-based cytology solution. After DNA extraction, β-globin and infectious organisms were analyzed by a PCR-based method. The HPV genotype was determined by HPV GenoArray test. Results β-Globin was positive in 100% and 97.7% of oral and urine samples, respectively. HPV detection rates were 18.8% and 22.1% in oral and urine samples, respectively, suggesting that the prevalence of HPV infection in the oral cavity was similar to that in the urinary tract. N. gonorrhoeae was more prevalent in oral (15.6%) than urine samples (9.1%), whereas C. trachomatis was detected more frequently in urine (15.9%) than oral samples (4.2%). The detection rates of M. genitalium, M. hominis, and Ureaplasma spp. were 5.2%, 10.3%, and 16.0% in oral samples, and 7.7%, 6.3%, and 19.2% in urine, respectively. There were no significant differences in the detection rates of Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma spp. between anatomical locations. The distribution of HPV types were similar in oral and urine samples, and HPV16 was the most common type. The majority of men with HPV infection in both the oral cavity and urine had concordant oral and urinary HPV infection. The presence of urinary HPV infection was an independent risk factor of oral HPV infection, with an odds ratio of 3.39 (95% CI: 1.49 – 7.71), whereas oral gonococcal infection was inversely correlated with oral HPV infection (odds ratio: 0.096; 95% CI: 0.01 – 0.77). Conclusions Oral HPV infection commonly occurs in sexually active men, and is significantly correlated with urinary HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuyoshi Shigehara
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan.
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Urogenital mycoplasmas and human papilloma virus in hemodialysed women. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:659204. [PMID: 24363622 PMCID: PMC3865691 DOI: 10.1155/2013/659204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections, especially endogenous, are the frequent complications among hemodialyzed and renal transplant patients. In this study we assumed the prevalence of urogenital mycoplasmas and HPV among hemodialysed women. We examined 32 hemodialysed women aged 20–48 (mean 35.6 ± 8.23) and 100 healthy controls of the same ages. Two swabs were collected for detection of mycoplasmas and HPV. Culture of Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis was performed using Mycoplasma IST2 (bioMérieux, France), Identificaton of U. parvum and U. urealyticum was performed by Kong. Primers described by Jensen were used for M. genitalium. For detection of high-risk HPV types Amplicor HPV (Roche Molecular System, CA) was used. Prevalence of urogenital mycoplasmas in the hemodialysed women (53.1%) was significantly higher (P = 0.0059), compared with controls (25%). In both groups, U. parvum was the most frequently isolated. Cooccurrence of urogenital mycoplasmas was shown in 75% of the HPV-positive hemodialysed women and in 30.4% of HPV-positive controls (P = 0.0461). Cooccurrence of urogenital mycoplasmas with HPV was significantly higher in hemodialysed women. The need to take into account these microorganisms in routine diagnostic, especially for hemodialysed patients, was demonstrated. Further studies to demonstrate the role of this cooccurrence in etiopathogenesis of infection in hemodialysed patients are required.
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Cai T, Wagenlehner FME, Mondaini N, D'Elia C, Meacci F, Migno S, Malossini G, Mazzoli S, Bartoletti R. Effect of human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis co-infection on sperm quality in young heterosexual men with chronic prostatitis-related symptoms. BJU Int 2013; 113:281-7. [PMID: 23906072 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) co-infection on sperm concentration, motility and morphology, in a large cohort of young heterosexual male patients with chronic prostatitis-related symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with chronic prostatitis-related symptoms, attending the same centre for sexually transmitted diseases from January 2005 and December 2010, were consecutively enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All patients underwent clinical and instrumental examination, microbiological cultures for common bacteria, DNA extraction, mucosal and serum antibodies evaluation for Ct, specific tests for HPV and semen analysis. The semen variables analysed were: volume; pH; sperm concentration; motility; and morphology. Subjects were subdivided in two groups: group A, patients with Ct infection alone and group B, patients with Ct and HPV co-infection. The main outcome measurement was the effect of Ct and HPV co-infection on the semen variables examined. RESULTS Of 3050 screened patients, 1003 were enrolled (32.9%) in the study. A total of 716 (71.3%) patients were allocated to group A, and 287 (28.7%) to group B. Significant differences between the two groups were reported in terms of percentage of motile sperm (degrees of freedom [df] = 1001; t-test = 11.85; P < 0.001) and percentage of normal morphological forms (df = 1001; t-test = 7.18; P < 0.001), while no differences were reported in terms of semen volume or pH. According to World Health Organization thresholds for normal semen, 364 (50.8%) men in group A and 192 (66.8%) men in group B were subfertile (odds ratio = 1.95; 95% confidence interval 1.46-2.60; P < 0.001). No correlation between HPV genotype, mucosal IgA type and semen variables was found. CONCLUSION In a population of prostatitis-related symptoms attributable to Ct infection, co-infection with HPV has a significant role in decreasing male fertility, in particular with regard to sperm motility and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Cai
- Department of Urology, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, Trento, Italy
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Rakhmatullina MR, Kirichenko SV. Current concepts of genetic variability of genital mycoplasmas and their role in the development of inflammatory diseases of the urogenital system. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2013. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors disclose current concepts of the taxonomic and morphologic characteristics of genital mycoplasmas and their role in the development of inflammatory urogenital diseases and reproductive disorders. They also discuss such issues as genetic variability of genital mycoplasmas and possible interrelation with different variants of the clinical course of inflammatory processes in the urogenital tract.
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Alberts CJ, Schim van der Loeff MF, Papenfuss MR, da Silva RJC, Villa LL, Lazcano-Ponce E, Nyitray AG, Giuliano AR. Association of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and herpes simplex virus type 2 serostatus with genital human papillomavirus infection in men: the HPV in men study. Sex Transm Dis 2013; 40:508-15. [PMID: 23680908 PMCID: PMC3904659 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0b013e318289c186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in women indicate that some sexually transmitted infections promote human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence and carcinogenesis. Little is known about this association in men; therefore, we assessed whether Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) serostatus are associated with genital HPV prevalence, an early event in HPV-related pathogenesis. METHODS Genital exfoliated cells, first-void urine, and blood from 3971 men recruited in the United States, Mexico, and Brazil were tested for HPV, CT, and HSV-2 antibodies, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of CT infection and HSV-2 serostatus with 4 HPV outcomes (any, oncogenic, nononcogenic only, and multiple infections). RESULTS A total of 64 (1.6%) men were CT positive, and 811 (20.4%) men were HSV-2 seropositive. After adjustment for potential confounders, CT was associated with any HPV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-4.24), oncogenic HPV (aOR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.53-6.28), and multiple HPV (aOR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.69-6.95) prevalence. Herpes simplex virus type 2 serostatus was associated with any HPV (aOR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.02-1.52), nononcogenic HPV only (aOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.08-1.75), and multiple HPV (aOR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.06-1.68) prevalence. In analyses stratified by sexual behavior, CT infection was significantly associated with HPV detection among men reporting 2 or more recent sexual partners, whereas HSV-2 serostatus was significantly associated with HPV detection in men reporting 0 to 5 lifetime sexual partners. CONCLUSION In this population, CT infection and HSV-2 serostatus were associated with prevalent genital HPV infection. Future prospective studies should investigate whether these infections influence HPV acquisition and/or persistence.
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Hamasuna R. Mycoplasma genitaliumin male urethritis: Diagnosis and treatment in Japan. Int J Urol 2013; 20:676-84. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Hamasuna
- Department of Urology; University of Occupational and Environmental Health; Kitakyushu; Japan
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Yeganeh O, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Yaghmaie F, Kamali K, Heidari-Vala H, Zeraati H, Shakhssalim N, Zarei S, Chamani-Tabriz L. A survey on the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium infections in symptomatic and asymptomatic men referring to urology clinic of labbafinejad hospital, tehran, iran. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2013; 15:340-4. [PMID: 24083010 PMCID: PMC3785911 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.8600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium infections are the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial infections in the world that cause urogenital infections in both men and women. It appears that infertility is a complication of these infections. Objective This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium in symptomatic and asymptomatic men and to assess risk factors associated with infection. Patients and Methods Urine specimens were collected from 200 men; 100 of them were symptomatic and 100 asymptomatic. Samples were examined by PCR to detect the infections. Results C. trachomatis was detected in 20% of symptomatic and in 4% of asymptomatic men (P < 0.001). The prevalence of M. genitalium was revealed to be 12% and 2% in symptomatic and asymptomatic men, respectively (P < 0.01). Four of 100 men in the symptomatic group were infected with both organisms. C. trachomatis infection was associated with dysuria, urethral discharge, testicular swelling, and genital ulcer (P < 0.05). M. genitalium infection was related with dysuria, testis inflammation, pelvic pain and low educational level (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the prevalence of infections at ages 30-39 years was more than other ages. Conclusions Considering the role of these bacteria in urogenital infections, a screening test is recommended. Since the PCR assay is a highly sensitive and specific assay for the detection of these bacteria in male urine specimens, it provides a noninvasive technique for routine screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Yeganeh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farhad Yaghmaie
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Kourosh Kamali
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hamed Heidari-Vala
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hojjat Zeraati
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Nasser Shakhssalim
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center (UNRC), Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Saeed Zarei
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Leili Chamani-Tabriz
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Leili Chamani-Tabriz, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), P.O.: 19615-1177, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2122432020, Fax: +98-2122432021, E-mail:
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Weinstein SA, Stiles BG. Recent perspectives in the diagnosis and evidence-based treatment of Mycoplasma genitalium. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2012; 10:487-99. [PMID: 22512757 DOI: 10.1586/eri.12.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma genitalium is a globally important sexually transmitted pathogen. Men infected with M. genitalium frequently present with dysuria, while women may present with or without urogenital symptoms. In some populations, M. genitalium is significantly associated with HIV-1 infection, and is also an etiological agent in pelvic inflammatory disease. However, there is insufficient evidence to establish a causative role of the organism in obstetric complications, including tubal factor infertility. Although several nucleic acid amplification tests offer rapid, sensitive methods for detecting M. genitalium, there is no standardized assay. Available evidence supports treatment of M. genitalium infections with an extended regimen of azithromycin and resistant strains respond to moxifloxacin. Accumulating evidence indicates growing fluoroquinolone resistance, including against moxifloxacin, emphasizing the need for new therapeutic strategies to treat M. genitalium infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Weinstein
- Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Rodriguez-Cerdeira C, Sanchez-Blanco E, Alba A. Evaluation of Association between Vaginal Infections and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Types in Female Sex Workers in Spain. ISRN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2012; 2012:240190. [PMID: 22900198 PMCID: PMC3415090 DOI: 10.5402/2012/240190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background. Infection with and persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) are the strongest risk factors for cervical cancer. In addition, other genital microorganisms may also be involved in the progression of HPV-associated lesions. Objetive. To evaluate the association of the vaginal microbiota (Candida spp., Trichomonas vaginalis, and bacterial vaginosis) with HR-HPV infection in Spanish female sex workers (FSWs). Methods. This cross-sectional study involved 208 (FSWs; age, 18-49 years) who visited a sexually transmitted infection (STI) information and prevention center (SERGAS) between January 2010 and December 2011. Face-to-face interviews were carried out. Cervical and vaginal samples were examined for human papillomavirus (HPV), Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida spp., and microorganisms related to bacterial vaginosis (BV). Results. HR-HPV was found to be significantly associated with BV in FSWs with positive results for HPV16-related types (31, 33, 35, and 52). T. vaginalis was isolated in FSWs with the following HR-HPVs: 18, 45, 66, and 68. Candida spp. were isolated only in FSWs with HPV 18-positive infection. Conclusion. We demonstrate a significant prevalence of HR-HPVs in FSWs with disturbances in the vaginal microbiota.
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Kawaguchi S, Shigehara K, Sasagawa T, Kuribayashi M, Junicho A, Hasegawa T, Maeda Y, Namiki M. A Case Study of Human Papillomavirus-associated Bladder Carcinoma Developing after Urethral Condyloma Acuminatum. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2012; 42:455-8. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hys024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Liquid-based urine cytology as a tool for detection of human papillomavirus, Mycoplasma spp., and Ureaplasma spp. in men. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 50:401-6. [PMID: 22135257 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.05219-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid-based urine cytology (LB-URC) was evaluated for cytological diagnosis and detection of human papillomavirus (HPV), Mycoplasma, and Ureaplasma. Midstream urine samples were collected from 141 male patients with urethritis and 154 controls without urethritis, and sediment cells were preserved in liquid-based cytology solution. Urethral swabs from urethritis patients were tested for the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Papanicolaou tests were performed for cytological evaluation. HPV, Mycoplasma, and Ureaplasma genomes were determined by PCR-based methods, and localization of HPV DNA in urothelial cells was examined by in situ hybridization (ISH). The β-globin gene was positive in 97.9% of LB-URC samples from urethritis patients and in 97.4% of control samples, suggesting that high-quality cellular DNA was obtained from the LB-URC samples. HPV DNA was detected in 29 (21.0%) urethritis cases and in five (3.3%) controls (P < 0.05). HPV type 16 (HPV 16) was most commonly found in urethritis patients. Cytological evaluations could be performed for 92.1% of urethritis patients and 64.3% of controls. Morphological changes suggestive of HPV infection were seen in 20.7% of the HPV-positive samples, and ISH demonstrated the presence of HPV DNA in both squamous and urothelial cells in HPV-positive samples. Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum, and Ureaplasma urealyticum were detected in 14.5%, 10.9%, 6.5%, and 12.3% of urethritis patients, respectively. The prevalence rates of these microorganisms (except Ureaplasma parvum) were significantly higher in urethritis cases than controls (P < 0.05). LB-URC is applicable for detection of HPV, Mycoplasma, and Ureaplasma. HPV infection occurs in urothelial cells, especially in gonococcal urethritis.
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