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Nivetha R, Meenakumari M, Peroor Mahi Dev A, Janarthanan S. Fucose-binding lectins: purification, characterization and potential biomedical applications. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10589-10603. [PMID: 37934371 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The property of lectins to specifically recognize and bind carbohydrates makes them an excellent candidate in biomedical research. Among them are fucose-binding lectins possessing the capacity to bind fucose are taxonomically, evolutionarily and ecologically significant class of lectins that are identified in a wide range of taxa. Purification of fucose-binding lectins dates back to 1967 when L-fucose binding protein from Lotus tetragonolobus was isolated using a dye that contained three α-L-fucopyranosyl residues. Beginning with that, several FBLs were purified from various animals as well as plant sources that were structurally and functionally characterised. This review focuses on fucose-binding lectins, their occurrence and purification with special emphasis on various strategies adopted to purify them followed by molecular and functional characterization. The exclusive ability to recognize and bind to fucose-containing glycans endows these lectins with the potential to act as anti-cancer agents, diagnostic markers and mitogens for immune cells. Though they have been in research focus for more than half a century with their occurrence reported in various taxa, they still need to be explored for their prospective functions to develop them as a biological tool in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanathan Nivetha
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - Mani Meenakumari
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | | | - Sundaram Janarthanan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India.
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2
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Morelli KA, Kerkaert JD, Cramer RA. Aspergillus fumigatus biofilms: Toward understanding how growth as a multicellular network increases antifungal resistance and disease progression. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009794. [PMID: 34437655 PMCID: PMC8389518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a saprophytic, filamentous fungus found in soils and compost and the causative agent of several pulmonary diseases in humans, birds, and other mammals. A. fumigatus and other filamentous fungi grow as networks of filamentous hyphae that have characteristics of a classic microbial biofilm. These characteristics include production of an extracellular matrix (ECM), surface adhesion, multicellularity, and increased antimicrobial drug resistance. A. fumigatus biofilm growth occurs in vivo at sites of infection, highlighting the importance of defining mechanisms underlying biofilm development and associated emergent properties. We propose that there are 3 distinct phases in the development of A. fumigatus biofilms: biofilm initiation, immature biofilm, and mature biofilm. These stages are defined both temporally and by unique genetic and structural changes over the course of development. Here, we review known mechanisms within each of these stages that contribute to biofilm structure, ECM production, and increased resistance to contemporary antifungal drugs. We highlight gaps in our understanding of biofilm development and function that when addressed are expected to aid in the development of novel antifungal therapies capable of killing filamentous fungal biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaesi A. Morelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Joshua D. Kerkaert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Cramer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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3
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Fernandez-Poza S, Padros A, Thompson R, Butler L, Islam M, Mosely JA, Scrivens JH, F Rehman M, Akram MS. Tailor-made recombinant prokaryotic lectins for characterisation of glycoproteins. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1155:338352. [PMID: 33766322 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Development of biosimilars is costly, where glycan analysis is a significant constraint on time and money. This paper provides an in-depth characterisation of several novel recombinant prokaryotic lectins (RPLs), developed through directed evolution, displaying specific binding activities to α-mannose, β-galactose, fucose and sialic acid residues, tested against major biosimilar targets. The binding characterisation of all lectins was performed employing the principles of bio-layer interferometry (BLI), with help of the streptavidin-coated sensor with the biotinylated lectins. The binding activity of the RPLs and the specificity to a broad range of glycoproteins and glycoconjugates were evaluated and compared to those of equivalent plant-derived lectins. While exhibiting better or similar specificity, RPLs displayed significantly better binding in all cases. The binding mechanisms are explained with particular focus on the role hydrogen bonding plays in the change of specificity for a galactose specific lectin. Furthermore, different sets of RPLs and their plant equivalents were assayed against the different glycoprotein targets to evaluate the analytical parameters of the lectin-glycoprotein interaction. The obtained LoDs reached by the RPLs were lower than those of their plant counterparts apart from one, exhibiting RPL:PL LoD ratios of 0.8, 2.5, 14.2 and 380 for the sets of lectins specific to fucose, α-mannose, β-galactose and sialic acid, respectively. Such enhancement in analytical parameters of RPLs shows their applicability in protein purification and as bioanalytical tools for glycan analysis and biosensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fernandez-Poza
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK; National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, 38 John Dixon Ln, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK; Glycoselect Ltd., South Tees Institute for Learning, Research and Innovation, the James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, TS4 3BW, UK
| | - A Padros
- Glycoselect Ltd., South Tees Institute for Learning, Research and Innovation, the James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, TS4 3BW, UK
| | - R Thompson
- Glycoselect Ltd., South Tees Institute for Learning, Research and Innovation, the James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, TS4 3BW, UK
| | - Lucy Butler
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK; National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, 38 John Dixon Ln, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK
| | - Meez Islam
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK; National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, 38 John Dixon Ln, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK
| | - J A Mosely
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK; National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, 38 John Dixon Ln, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK
| | - James H Scrivens
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK; National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, 38 John Dixon Ln, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK
| | - Muhammad F Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Safwan Akram
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK; National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, 38 John Dixon Ln, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK.
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4
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Dussouy C, Lalys PA, Cabanettes A, Lehot V, Deniaud D, Gillon E, Balloy V, Varrot A, Gouin SG. Hexavalent thiofucosides to probe the role of the Aspergillus fumigatus lectin FleA in fungal pathogenicity. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3234-3240. [PMID: 33885578 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00152c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a pathogenic fungus infecting the respiratory system and responsible for a variety of life-threatening lung diseases. A fucose-binding lectin named FleA which has a controversial role in A. fumigatus pathogenesis was recently identified. New chemical probes with high affinity and enzymatic stability are needed to explore the role of FleA in the infection process. In this study, we developed potent FleA antagonists based on optimized and non-hydrolysable thiofucoside ligands. We first synthesized a set of monovalent sugars showing micromolar affinity for FleA by isothermal titration calorimetry. The most potent derivative was co-crystallized with FleA to gain insights into the binding mode in operation. Its chemical multimerization on a cyclodextrin scaffold led to an hexavalent compound with a significantly enhanced binding affinity (Kd = 223 ± 21 nM) thanks to a chelate binding mode. The compound could probe the role of bronchial epithelial cells in a FleA-mediated response to tissue invasion.
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Ramírez-Tejero JA, Cabanás CGL, Valverde-Corredor A, Mercado-Blanco J, Luque F. Epigenetic Regulation of Verticillium dahliae Virulence: Does DNA Methylation Level Play A Role? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155197. [PMID: 32707958 PMCID: PMC7432615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae is the etiological agent of Verticillium wilt of olive. The virulence of Defoliating V. dahliae isolates usually displays differences and high plasticity. This work studied whether an epigenetic mechanism was involved in this plasticity. An inverse correlation between virulence and DNA methylation of protein-coding genes was found. A set of 831 genes was selected for their highly consistent inverse methylation profile and virulence in the five studied isolates. Of these genes, ATP-synthesis was highly represented, which indicates that the more virulent D isolates are, the more energy requirements they may have. Furthermore, there were numerous genes in the protein biosynthesis process: genes coding for the chromatin structure, which suggests that epigenetic changes may also affect chromatin condensation; many transmembrane transporter genes, which is consistent with denser compounds, traffic through membranes in more virulent isolates; a fucose-specific lectin that may play a role in the attachment to plant cell walls during the host infection process; and pathogenic cutinases that facilitate plant invasion and sporulation genes for rapid spreading alongside plants. Our findings support the notion that differences in the virulence of the Defoliating V. dahliae isolates may be controlled, at least to some extent, by an epigenetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Ramírez-Tejero
- Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Department of Experimental Biology, Univ. Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Apartado, Córdoba, Spain; (C.G.-L.C.); (A.V.-C.); (J.M.-B.)
| | - Antonio Valverde-Corredor
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Apartado, Córdoba, Spain; (C.G.-L.C.); (A.V.-C.); (J.M.-B.)
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Apartado, Córdoba, Spain; (C.G.-L.C.); (A.V.-C.); (J.M.-B.)
| | - Francisco Luque
- Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Department of Experimental Biology, Univ. Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Fungal infections with increasing resistance to conventional therapies are a growing concern. Candida albicans is a major opportunistic yeast responsible for mucosal and invasive infections. Targeting the initial step of the infection process (i.e., C. albicans adhesion to the host cell) is a promising strategy. A wide variety of molecules can interfere with adhesion processes via an assortment of mechanisms. Herein, we focus on how small molecules disrupt biosynthesis of fungal cell wall components and membrane structure, prevent the localization of GPI-anchor proteins, inhibit production of enzymes involved in adhesion, downregulate genes encoding adhesins and competitively inhibit receptor interactions. As a result, adhesion of C. albicans to host cells is reduced, paving the way to new classes of antifungal agents.
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7
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Bigot J, Guillot L, Guitard J, Ruffin M, Corvol H, Balloy V, Hennequin C. Bronchial Epithelial Cells on the Front Line to Fight Lung Infection-Causing Aspergillus fumigatus. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1041. [PMID: 32528481 PMCID: PMC7257779 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an environmental filamentous fungus that can be pathogenic for humans, wherein it is responsible for a large variety of clinical forms ranging from allergic diseases to life-threatening disseminated infections. The contamination occurs by inhalation of conidia present in the air, and the first encounter of this fungus in the human host is most likely with the bronchial epithelial cells. Although alveolar macrophages have been widely studied in the Aspergillus–lung interaction, increasing evidence suggests that bronchial epithelium plays a key role in responding to the fungus. This review focuses on the innate immune response of the bronchial epithelial cells against A. fumigatus, the predominant pathogenic species. We have also detailed the molecular interactants and the effects of the different modes of interaction between these cells and the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Bigot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Guillot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Guitard
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Paris, France
| | - Manon Ruffin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Harriet Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Paris, France
| | - Viviane Balloy
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Hennequin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Paris, France
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8
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Farrera-Soler L, Daguer JP, Raunft P, Barluenga S, Imberty A, Winssinger N. PNA-Based Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries (PDCL) and screening of lectins. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115458. [PMID: 32241620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Selections from dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCL) benefit from the dynamic nature of the library that can change constitution upon addition of a selection pressure, such as ligands binding to a protein. This technology has been predominantly used with small molecules interacting with each other through reversible covalent interaction. However, application of this technology in biomedical research and drug discovery has been limited by the reversibility of covalent exchange and the analytical deconvolution of small molecule fragments. Here we report a supramolecular approach based on the use of a constant short PNA tag to direct the combinatorial pairing of fragment. This PNA tag yields fast exchange kinetics, while still delivering the benefits of cooperativity, and provides favourable properties for analytical deconvolution by MALDI. A selection from >6,000 assemblies of glycans (mono-, di-, tri-saccharides) targeting AFL, a lectin from pathogenic fungus, yielded a 95 nM assembly, nearly three orders of magnitude better in affinity than the corresponding glycan alone (41 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluc Farrera-Soler
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Daguer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Raunft
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Barluenga
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Imberty
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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9
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Singh RS, Walia AK, Kennedy JF. Structural aspects and biomedical applications of microfungal lectins. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:1097-1107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Sakai K, Hiemori K, Tateno H, Hirabayashi J, Gonoi T. Fucose-specific lectin of Aspergillus fumigatus: binding properties and effects on immune response stimulation. Med Mycol 2019; 57:71-83. [PMID: 29370403 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is the major causative fungus of aspergillosis, and many studies have explored the relationship between A. fumigatus and pathogenicity. In the current study, we focused on a fucose-specific lectin, FleA, as a novel molecule which related to the pathogenicity of A. fumigatus. The disruption of the fleA gene did not lead to clear morphological changes compared to parental strain under several stress conditions in culture, but germination become earlier. In comparison with parental strain, the pathogenicity of disruptant was enhanced in a mouse infection model. The pattern of conidial phagocytosis and adhesion to cultured cells did not explain this enhanced pathogenicity. FleA was reported to contain six conserved fucose-binding sites; the analysis of constructed FleA point mutants revealed nonequivalent contribution of the fucose-binding sites to fucose binding. Based on the immune response induced in the cultured cells upon exposure to wild-type and mutant FleA, we propose a model of the FleA molecule in A. fumigatus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Sakai
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Keiko Hiemori
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, AIST, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tateno
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, AIST, Japan
| | - Jun Hirabayashi
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, AIST, Japan
| | - Tohru Gonoi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Japan
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11
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Lehot V, Brissonnet Y, Dussouy C, Brument S, Cabanettes A, Gillon E, Deniaud D, Varrot A, Le Pape P, Gouin SG. Multivalent Fucosides with Nanomolar Affinity for the
Aspergillus fumigatus
Lectin FleA Prevent Spore Adhesion to Pneumocytes. Chemistry 2018; 24:19243-19249. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Lehot
- LUNAM UniversitéCEISAMUMR CNRS 6230UFR des Sciences et des Techniques 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Yoan Brissonnet
- LUNAM UniversitéCEISAMUMR CNRS 6230UFR des Sciences et des Techniques 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Christophe Dussouy
- LUNAM UniversitéCEISAMUMR CNRS 6230UFR des Sciences et des Techniques 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Sami Brument
- LUNAM UniversitéCEISAMUMR CNRS 6230UFR des Sciences et des Techniques 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | | | - Emilie Gillon
- Univ. Grenoble ALpesCNRS, CERMAV 38000 Grenoble France
| | - David Deniaud
- LUNAM UniversitéCEISAMUMR CNRS 6230UFR des Sciences et des Techniques 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | | | - Patrice Le Pape
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-MycologieInstitut de Biologie, CHU Nantes Nantes France
| | - Sébastien G. Gouin
- LUNAM UniversitéCEISAMUMR CNRS 6230UFR des Sciences et des Techniques 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
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12
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Bertuzzi M, Hayes GE, Icheoku UJ, van Rhijn N, Denning DW, Osherov N, Bignell EM. Anti-Aspergillus Activities of the Respiratory Epithelium in Health and Disease. J Fungi (Basel) 2018; 4:E8. [PMID: 29371501 PMCID: PMC5872311 DOI: 10.3390/jof4010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory epithelia fulfil multiple roles beyond that of gaseous exchange, also acting as primary custodians of lung sterility and inflammatory homeostasis. Inhaled fungal spores pose a continual antigenic, and potentially pathogenic, challenge to lung integrity against which the human respiratory mucosa has developed various tolerance and defence strategies. However, respiratory disease and immune dysfunction frequently render the human lung susceptible to fungal diseases, the most common of which are the aspergilloses, a group of syndromes caused by inhaled spores of Aspergillus fumigatus. Inhaled Aspergillus spores enter into a multiplicity of interactions with respiratory epithelia, the mechanistic bases of which are only just becoming recognized as important drivers of disease, as well as possible therapeutic targets. In this mini-review we examine current understanding of Aspergillus-epithelial interactions and, based upon the very latest developments in the field, we explore two apparently opposing schools of thought which view epithelial uptake of Aspergillus spores as either a curative or disease-exacerbating event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Bertuzzi
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
| | - Gemma E Hayes
- Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust, North Devon District Hospital, Raleigh Park, Barnstaple EX31 4JB, UK.
| | - Uju J Icheoku
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
| | - Norman van Rhijn
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
| | - David W Denning
- The National Aspergillosis Centre, Education and Research Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK.
| | - Nir Osherov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Elaine M Bignell
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
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13
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Vermeulen E, Carpentier S, Kniemeyer O, Sillen M, Maertens J, Lagrou K. Proteomic Differences between Azole-Susceptible and -Resistant <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> Strains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2018.81007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Ghufran MS, Ghosh K, Kanade SR. A fucose specific lectin from Aspergillus flavus induced interleukin-8 expression is mediated by mitogen activated protein kinase p38. Med Mycol 2017; 55:323-333. [PMID: 27664169 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is an ubiquitous, opportunistic fungus responsible to cause invasive fungal allergic diseases, including bronchopulmonary invasive aspergillosis in persons with altered immune function. Lectins have been implicated as interaction mediators between the pathogenic fungi and human host. We isolated L-fucose specific lectin from A. flavus (FFL) and purified it to homogeneity with a combination of ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography methods. Its hemagglutination activity was significantly inhibited by 125 μM L-fucose as compared to other sugars and sugar derivatives. We, then used human cell line L-132, and U937 cell line to explore the possible cytotoxicity and proinflammatory effect of this fucose-specific lectin. The lectin induced the expression of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) in a dose-dependent manner, and it was found to be associated with the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). The p38MAPK signalling pathway regulates the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity, which is the integration point of many signals that can differentially affect the expression and transcriptional activity of a cell. We observed activation of c-Jun, a critical component of the AP-1 complex, mediated by p38MAPK upon the FFL treatment in L-132 cells. Finally, inhibition of p38MAPK by a specific inhibitor attenuates the c-Jun, suggesting the p38MAPK involvement in the c-Jun activation, which in turn transcriptionally activates the induction of IL-8 in response to the lectin. Thus, this study showed a potential lectin-mediated mechanism to modulate the immune response during host-fungus interactions.
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15
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Cuenot S, Bouvrée A, Bouchara JP. Nanoscale Mapping of Multiple Lectins on Cell Surfaces by Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700050. [PMID: 32646172 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Molecular recognition events driven by protein-carbohydrate interactions play fundamental roles in various physiological and pathological processes in living organisms, including cohesion inside tissues, innate immune response, cancer cell metastasis, and infections. Unlike widely investigated carbohydrates, detailed knowledge of both the spatial organization of specific lectins and their identification on cell surfaces remains an essential prerequisite for the understanding of pathogen adhesion to host tissues and subsequent infection prevention. In this study, the spatially resolved localization, identification, and quantification of multiple carbohydrate-binding sites are directly revealed on the surface of fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Nanoscale reconstructed mapping from several recognition maps, corresponding each to a unique specific interaction probed by single-molecule force spectroscopy, shows the distribution of carbohydrate-binding sites on the pathogen surface. The identified binding sites are then blocked with the appropriate carbohydrate, attesting the possibility to control lectin-mediated host-pathogen interactions. Germination markedly affects both the spatial distribution of carbohydrate-binding sites, mostly expressed at the apex of hyphae, and the identity of the predominant ones, which depend on the location on germ tubes. These insights clearly open exciting avenues in nanomedicine to control host-pathogen interactions with the development of vaccines or inhibitory drugs that preferentially target the identified carbohydrate-binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Cuenot
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2, Rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Audrey Bouvrée
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2, Rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bouchara
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP, EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers cedex 9, France.,Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Institut de Biologie en Santé, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers cedex 9, France
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Moloney NM, Owens RA, Doyle S. Proteomic analysis of Aspergillus fumigatus – clinical implications. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:635-49. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1203783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sean Doyle
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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17
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Houser J, Komarek J, Cioci G, Varrot A, Imberty A, Wimmerova M. Structural insights into Aspergillus fumigatus lectin specificity: AFL binding sites are functionally non-equivalent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:442-53. [PMID: 25760594 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714026595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Aspergillus fumigatus lectin AFL was recently described as a new member of the AAL lectin family. As a lectin from an opportunistic pathogen, it might play an important role in the interaction of the pathogen with the human host. A detailed study of structures of AFL complexed with several monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, including blood-group epitopes, was combined with affinity data from SPR and discussed in the context of previous findings. Its six binding sites are non-equivalent, and owing to minor differences in amino-acid composition they exhibit a marked difference in specific ligand recognition. AFL displays a high affinity in the micromolar range towards oligosaccharides which were detected in plants and also those bound on the human epithelia. All of these results indicate AFL to be a complex member of the lectin family and a challenging target for future medical research and, owing to its binding properties, a potentially useful tool in specific biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Houser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Komarek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gianluca Cioci
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX, France
| | - Annabelle Varrot
- CERMAV-CNRS, UPR5301, affiliated with Université de Grenoble and ICMG, BP53, 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- CERMAV-CNRS, UPR5301, affiliated with Université de Grenoble and ICMG, BP53, 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - Michaela Wimmerova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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Houser J, Komarek J, Kostlanova N, Cioci G, Varrot A, Kerr SC, Lahmann M, Balloy V, Fahy JV, Chignard M, Imberty A, Wimmerova M. A soluble fucose-specific lectin from Aspergillus fumigatus conidia--structure, specificity and possible role in fungal pathogenicity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83077. [PMID: 24340081 PMCID: PMC3858362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an important allergen and opportunistic pathogen. Similarly to many other pathogens, it is able to produce lectins that may be involved in the host-pathogen interaction. We focused on the lectin AFL, which was prepared in recombinant form and characterized. Its binding properties were studied using hemagglutination and glycan array analysis. We determined the specificity of the lectin towards l-fucose and fucosylated oligosaccharides, including α1-6 linked core-fucose, which is an important marker for cancerogenesis. Other biologically relevant saccharides such as sialic acid, d-mannose or d-galactose were not bound. Blood group epitopes of the ABH and Lewis systems were recognized, Le(Y) being the preferred ligand among others. To provide a correlation between the observed functional characteristics and structural basis, AFL was crystallized in a complex with methyl-α,L-selenofucoside and its structure was solved using the SAD method. Six binding sites, each with different compositions, were identified per monomer and significant differences from the homologous AAL lectin were found. Structure-derived peptides were utilized to prepare anti-AFL polyclonal antibodies, which suggested the presence of AFL on the Aspergillus' conidia, confirming its expression in vivo. Stimulation of human bronchial cells by AFL led to IL-8 production in a dose-dependent manner. AFL thus probably contributes to the inflammatory response observed upon the exposure of a patient to A. fumigatus. The combination of affinity to human epithelial epitopes, production by conidia and pro-inflammatory activity is remarkable and shows that AFL might be an important virulence factor involved in an early stage of A. fumigatus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Houser
- Central European Institute for Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Komarek
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Kostlanova
- Central European Institute for Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gianluca Cioci
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Annabelle Varrot
- CERMAV-CNRS affiliated to Université de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Sheena C. Kerr
- Department of Medicine and CVRI, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Martina Lahmann
- School of Chemistry, University of Bangor, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Viviane Balloy
- Unité de Défense Innée et Inflammation, Institut Pasteur and INSERM U874, Paris, France
| | - John V. Fahy
- Department of Medicine and CVRI, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michel Chignard
- Unité de Défense Innée et Inflammation, Institut Pasteur and INSERM U874, Paris, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- CERMAV-CNRS affiliated to Université de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Michaela Wimmerova
- Central European Institute for Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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