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Armağan İ, Aşcı H, Erzurumlu Y, Özkula S, Hasseyid N, Kumbul Doğuç D, Okuyucu G, Varel A. Ramelteon and mechanism of its restorative effect in an experimental lung disease model. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:239-247. [PMID: 36482745 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2156006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an anticancer agent widely used in clinical practice for various oncological, rheumatological, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases. However, the side effects of MTX limit its usage for treatment. In addition, diffuse alveolar damage, interstitial pneumonia, fibrosis, and pleural reactions may be encountered in MTX-induced pulmonary toxicity. Ramelteon (RML), a melatonin receptor agonist, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and protective effects are shown by several studies. This study aimed to show the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects of RML and its effect on the airway surface liquid volume homeostasis via aquaporins (AQP) in MTX-induced lung injury. Thirty-two female Wistar Albino rats were grouped into four groups as control, MTX (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, a single dose), MTX + RML, and RML (10 mg/kg, via oral gavage, for seven days) groups. Once the experiment ended, the rats' lung tissues were taken for biochemical, genetic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations. MTX significantly increased oxidative stress index and total oxidative status, and decreased total antioxidant status levels by 202.0%, 141.4%, 20.2%, respectively, relative to the control (p ˂ 0.001 for all). AQP-1/5, which is an indicator of lung damage, was also found to decrease significantly (p ˂ 0.001). In addition, a significant increase was observed in interleukin-1β, interferon-beta, and caspase-8 expressions and histopathological changes as a result of immunohistochemical and histochemical examinations (p ˂ 0.001). RML treatment ameliorated all these changes and significantly regressed lung damage. Our results suggest that RML might be used as a lung-protective agent in various models of lung and tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlkay Armağan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Halil Aşcı
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Yalçın Erzurumlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Songül Özkula
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Nursel Hasseyid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kumbul Doğuç
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Gözde Okuyucu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Ahmetcan Varel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Potential Protective Effects of Antioxidants against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Int J Nephrol 2022; 2022:5096825. [PMID: 35469319 PMCID: PMC9034963 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5096825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating antineoplastic agent, and it is one of the most successful drugs with wide arrays of clinical activity. It has been in use for several types of cancer treatments and as an immunosuppressive agent for the management of autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases. Nowadays, its clinical use is limited due to various toxicities, including nephrotoxicity. Even though the mechanisms are not well understood, cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity is reported to be mediated through oxidative stress. This review focuses on the potential role of natural and plant-derived antioxidants in preventing cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Baharmi S, Kalantari H, Kalantar M, Goudarzi M, Mansouri E, Kalantar H. Pretreatment with Gallic Acid Mitigates Cyclophosphamide Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:204-212. [PMID: 34061011 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210531162741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclophosphamide (CP) as an alkylating compound has been widely applied to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases. CP is observed to be nephrotoxic in humans and animals because it produces reactive oxygen species. Gallic acid (GA), a polyhydroxy phenolic compound, is reported to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. OBJECTIVE The current research aimed at evaluating the GA effect on CP-related renal toxicity. METHODS In total, 35 male mice were assigned to 5 groups. Group1: receiving normal saline, group 2: CP group, receiving one CP injection (200 mg/kg; i.p.) on day 6. Groups 3 and 4: GA+CP, GA (10 and 30 mg/kg; p.o.; respectively) received through six consecutive days plus CP on the 6th day 2 hr after the last dose of GA, group 5: received GA (30 mg/kg; p.o.) for six consecutive days. Then on day 7, blood samples were collected for determining creatinine (Cr), serum kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) concentrations. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) concentration, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and IL-1β, TNF-α levels were assessed in renal tissue. RESULTS CP administration significantly increases KIM-1, NGAL, Cr, BUN, MDA, NO, IL-1β, and TNF-α level. It also decreases GSH concentration, SOD, GPx, and CAT function. Pretreatment with GA prevented these changes. Histopathological assessments approved the GA protective effect. CONCLUSION Our results showed that GA is possibly effective as a protective agent in cyclophosphamide-associated toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Baharmi
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Heibatullah Kalantari
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadi Kalantar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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ÇETİK YILDIZ S, KESKİN C, ŞAHİNTÜRK V, AYHANCI A. Wistar albino sıçanlarında Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. tohum metanol ekstraktlarının siklofosfamid-nedenli mesane hemorajik sistiti ve nefrotoksisitesi üzerine üroprotektif etkilerinin incelenmesi. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.730817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Fouad AA, Abdel-Gaber SA, Abdelghany MI. Hesperidin opposes the negative impact of cyclophosphamide on mice kidneys. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:223-228. [PMID: 30889984 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1560467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation examined the prospective nephroprotective effect of hesperidin (HSN) in mice challenged with a single i.p. injection of cyclophosphamide (CPE) at a dose of 200 mg/kg. HSN (100 and 200 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was given for 10 days, starting 5 days prior to CPE administration. HSN significantly reduced the CPE-induced increments of serum creatinine and cystatin C. HSN also significantly reduced malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and caspase-3, and significantly raised total antioxidant capacity, and interleukin-10/tumor necrosis factor-α ratio in kidneys of mice received CPE. In addition, HSN significantly prevented the histopathological injury, and kidney injury molecule-1 expression in kidneys of mice given CPE. It was concluded that HSN guarded against nephrotoxic effect of CPE in mice by tackling oxidative/nitrative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Fouad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Seham A Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Manal I Abdelghany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
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ALHaithloul HA, Alotaibi MF, Bin-Jumah M, Elgebaly H, Mahmoud AM. Olea europaea leaf extract up-regulates Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 signaling and attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rat kidney. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:676-685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Sheth VG, Navik U, Maremanda KP, Jena G. Effect of diethyldithiocarbamate in cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity: Immunohistochemical study of superoxide dismutase 1 in rat. Indian J Pharmacol 2018; 50:4-11. [PMID: 29861522 PMCID: PMC5954632 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_850_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC) in cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity in Sprague–Dawley rat. DEDTC is a known chelating agent for copper and zinc. It is also used as a thiol protecting agent, as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells inhibitor and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. It is also reported to inhibit superoxide dismutase (SOD) both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Considering this wide range of actions, current study investigated the role of DEDTC in CP-induced nephrotoxicity in experimental rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two male rats were randomized into four groups. Group 1, control received only saline ip; Group 2 and 4, received CP at the dose of 150 mg/kg body weight ip on the 4th day, while Group 3 and 4, received DEDTC at the dose of 250 mg/kg alternatively (fractionated dose of 1000 mg/kg). All the experimental animals were sacrificed on the 7th day and organs of interest were collected for biochemical, histopathological, DNA damage, and immunohistochemical assessments. RESULTS: DEDTC administration was found to further exacerbate the condition of CP-induced kidney damage as assessed by several biochemical and histological parameters. Further, the damage was also significantly reflected in the bladder in DEDTC-treated animals as compared to controls. SOD1 (Cu/Zn- dependent enzyme) expression was found to be decreased and this might be due to the action of DEDTC on SOD and other antioxidants. CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that DEDTC administration further exacerbated the CP-induced kidney damage in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav G Sheth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Krishna Prahlad Maremanda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
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Almeida GS, Bawn CM, Galler M, Wilson I, Thomas HD, Kyle S, Curtin NJ, Newell DR, Maxwell RJ. PARP inhibitor rucaparib induces changes in NAD levels in cells and liver tissues as assessed by MRS. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3736. [PMID: 28543772 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are multifunctional proteins which play a role in many cellular processes. Namely, PARP1 and PARP2 have been shown to be involved in DNA repair, and therefore are valid targets in cancer treatment with PARP inhibitors, such as rucaparib, currently in clinical trials. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) was used to study the impact of rucaparib in vitro and ex vivo in liver tissue from mice, via quantitative analysis of nicotinamide adenosine diphosphate (NAD+ ) spectra, to assess the potential of MRS as a biomarker of the PARP inhibitor response. SW620 (colorectal) and A2780 (ovarian) cancer cell lines, and PARP1 wild-type (WT) and PARP1 knock-out (KO) mice, were treated with rucaparib, temozolomide (methylating agent) or a combination of both drugs. 1 H-MRS spectra were obtained from perchloric acid extracts of tumour cells and mouse liver. Both cell lines showed an increase in NAD+ levels following PARP inhibitor treatment in comparison with temozolomide treatment. Liver extracts from PARP1 WT mice showed a significant increase in NAD+ levels after rucaparib treatment compared with untreated mouse liver, and a significant decrease in NAD+ levels in the temozolomide-treated group. The combination of rucaparib and temozolomide did not prevent the NAD+ depletion caused by temozolomide treatment. The 1 H-MRS results show that NAD+ levels can be used as a biomarker of PARP inhibitor and methylating agent treatments, and suggest that in vivo measurement of NAD+ would be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto S Almeida
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Carlo M Bawn
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Martin Galler
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Ian Wilson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Huw D Thomas
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Suzanne Kyle
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - David R Newell
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Ross J Maxwell
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Sayed-Ahmed MM, Darweesh AQ, Fatani AJ. Carnitine deficiency and oxidative stress provoke cardiotoxicity in an ifosfamide-induced Fanconi Syndrome rat model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 3:266-74. [PMID: 20972373 PMCID: PMC2952087 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.3.4.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In addition to hemorrhagic cystitis, Fanconi Syndrome is a serious clinical side effect during ifosfamide (IFO) therapy. Fanconi syndrome is a generalized dysfunction of the proximal tubule which is characterized by excessive urinary excretion of glucose, phosphate, bicarbonate, amino acids and other solutes excreted by this segment of the nephron including L-carnitine. Carnitine is essential cofactor for β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids in the myocardium. IFO therapy is associated with increased urinary carnitine excretion with subsequent secondary deficiency of the molecule. Cardiac abnormalities in IFO-treated cancer patients were reported as isolated clinical cases. This study examined whether carnitine deficiency and oxidative stress, secondary to Fanconi Syndrome, provoke IFO-induced cardiomyopathy as well as exploring if carnitine supplementation using Propionyl-L-carnitine (PLC) could offer protection against this toxicity. In the current study, an animal model of carnitine deficiency was developed in rats by D-carnitine-mildronate treatment Adult male Wistar albino rats were assigned to one of six treatment groups: the first three groups were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline, D-carnitine (DC, 250 mg/kg/day) combined with mildronate (MD, 200 mg/kg/day) and PLC (250 mg/kg/day), respectively, for 10 successive days. The 4th, 5th and 6th groups were injected with the same doses of normal saline, DC-MD and PLC, respectively for 5 successive days before and 5 days concomitant with IFO (50 mg/kg/day). IFO significantly increased serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary carnitine excretion and clearance, creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA/CoA-SH and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in cardiac tissues and significantly decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and total carnitine and reduced glutathione (GSH) content in cardiac tissues. In carnitine-depleted rats, IFO induced dramatic increase in serum creatinine, BUN, CK-MB, LDH, carnitine clearance and intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA/CoA-SH, as well as progressive reduction in total carnitine and ATP in cardiac tissues. Interestingly, PLC supplementation completely reversed the biochemical changes-induced by IFO to the control values. In conclusion, data from the present study suggest that: Carnitine deficiency and oxidative stress, secondary to Fanconi Syndrome, constitute risk factors and should be viewed as mechanisms during development of IFO-induced cardiotoxicity. Carnitine supplementation, using PLC, prevents the development of IFO-induced cardiotoxicity through antioxidant signalling and improving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Sayed-Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amal Q Darweesh
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal J Fatani
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Lim SR, Hyun SH, Lee SG, Kim JY, Kim SH, Park SJ, Moon KS, Sul D, Kim DH, Choi HK. Potential urinary biomarkers of nephrotoxicity in cyclophosphamide-treated rats investigated by NMR-based metabolic profiling. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 31. [PMID: 27870266 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer-drug cyclophosphamide (CP) is known to have nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was to identify urinary biomarkers indicating CP-induced nephrotoxicity. We investigated the urine metabolic profiles using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry of rats administered with single high-doses of CP (0, 30, and 100 mg/kg body weight) and daily low-doses over a 4-week period (0, 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg body weight). Among 18 identified urinary metabolites, 2-oxoglutarate, citrate, hippurate, formate, valine, and alanine for short-term and 2-oxoglutarate, citrate, hippurate, isoleucine, leucine, allantoin, valine, and lysine for long-term were selected as potential biomarkers. Pathway-enrichment analysis suggested that the urinary metabolism of CP is related to valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; taurine and hypotaurine metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; citrate cycle; and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, with high pathway impact. The potential biomarkers obtained in this study could be used to monitor CP-induced nephrotoxicity relative to dose and treatment time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Rang Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Hyun
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Gi Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Park
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Moon
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggeun Sul
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
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Ghareeb DA, Salem ML, El-Desouky N, Mohamed IH. Concomitant treatment with beta-glucan and G-CSF ameliorates altered biochemical indices after cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia in mice. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1057524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Inhibition of gene expression of organic cation/carnitine transporter and antioxidant enzymes in oxazaphosphorines-induced acute cardiomyopathic rat models. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:452902. [PMID: 22701146 PMCID: PMC3369488 DOI: 10.1155/2012/452902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It is well documented that high therapeutic doses of oxazaphosphorines, cyclophosphamide (CP) and ifosfamide (IFO), are associated with cardiomyopathy. This study investigated whether oxazaphosphorines alter the expression of organic cation/carnitine transporter (OCTN2) and antioxidant genes and if so, whether these alterations contribute to CP and IFO-induced cardiotoxicity. Adult male Wistar albino rats were assigned to one of six treatment groups namely, control, L carnitine, CP, IFO, CP plus L carnitine and IFO plus L carnitine. In cardiac and kidney tissues, CP and IFO significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression of OCTN2. Oxazaphosphorines significantly increased serum acyl-carnitine/free carnitine ratio and urinary carnitine excretion and significantly decreased total carnitine in cardiac tissues. Interestingly, carnitine supplementation completely reversed the biochemical and gene expression changes-induced by oxazaphosphorines to the control values, except OCTN2 expression remained inhibited by IFO. Data from this study suggest that: (1) Oxazaphosphorines decreased myocardial carnitine content following the inhibition of OCTN2 mRNA and protein expression in cardiac tissues. (2) Oxazaphosphorine therapy increased urinary loss of carnitine secondary to the inhibition of OCTN2 mRNA and protein expression in proximal tubules of the kidney. (3) Carnitine supplementation attenuates CP but not IFO-induced inhibition of OCTN2 mRNA and protein expression in heart and kidney tissues.
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Abraham P, Rabi S. Aminoguanidine, a selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced renal damage by inhibiting protein nitration and poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase activation. Chemotherapy 2011; 57:327-34. [PMID: 21893984 DOI: 10.1159/000330463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an antineoplastic agent that is used for the treatment of many neoplastic diseases. Renal damage is one of the dose-limiting side effects of CP. Recent studies show that nitrosative stress plays an important role in CP-induced renal damage. AIM The purpose of our study was to investigate whether aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, protects against CP-induced nitrosative stress and renal damage. METHOD Renal damage was induced in rats by administration of a single injection of CP at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. For the AG pretreatment studies, the rats were injected intraperitoneally with AG at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight 1 h before administration of CP. The control rats received AG or saline alone. All the rats were killed 16 h after the administration of CP or saline. Pretreatment with AG prevented CP-induced nitration of protein tyrosine and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation. RESULT Pretreatment with AG attenuated CP-induced renal damage. The present study demonstrates that AG is effective in preventing CP-induced renal damage and also that the protective effect is from its ability to inhibit nitric oxide-induced protein nitration and PARP activation. CONCLUSION The present study shows that AG can prevent CP-induced renal damage by inhibiting protein tyrosine nitration and PARP activation. Thus, a more efficient and comfortable therapy can be achieved for patients in need of CP treatment. AG appears to be a promising drug for the prevention of nephrotoxicity of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premila Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. premilaabraham @ yahoo.com
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Abraham P, Isaac B. Ultrastructural changes in the rat kidney after single dose of cyclophosphamide—Possible roles for peroxisome proliferation and lysosomal dysfunction in cyclophosphamide-induced renal damage. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011; 30:1924-30. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327111402240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electron microscopy was used to examine changes in the subcellular organelles of the rat kidney at different time intervals after a single exposure to cyclophosphamide (CP). The morphological changes were studied at different time points (6 hrs, 16 hrs and 24 hrs) after a single-dose administration of CP. Six rats were killed at each time intervals after the administration of CP. Saline-treated rats served as controls. CP administration resulted in alterations in various subcellular organelles including peroxisomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the renal tubular epithelium as well as damage to the glomerulus. The basement membrane of the glomerulus was thickened. Many podocytes were destroyed. The nucleoplasm of the endothelial cell showed fewer granularities. The tubules were distorted and the brush border was destroyed. Two striking features in the renal tubular cells are increase in number and size of the peroxisomes (peroxisome proliferation) and decrease in the number of lysosomes. The mitochondria were elongated and the number was increased in the tubules of CP-treated rats. The ER was dilated. Cell necrosis was also seen. This study is an evidence of changes in morphology of rat kidney after induction of renal damage by a single dose of CP. Since transmission electron microscopy is the highest magnification tool at present, it can be useful in estimating the degree of injury and outcome of alternative treatment strategies in the management of CP-induced renal damage after establishing a scoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premila Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bina Isaac
- Department of Anatomy, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ayhanci A, Günes S, Sahinturk V, Appak S, Uyar R, Cengiz M, Altuner Y, Yaman S. Seleno L-methionine acts on cyclophosphamide-induced kidney toxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 136:171-9. [PMID: 19826776 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer drug cyclophosphamide (CP) has nephrotoxic effects besides its urotoxicity, which both in turn limit its clinical utility. The nephrotoxicity of CP is less common compared to its urotoxicity, and not much importance has been given for the study of mechanism of CP-induced nephrotoxicity so far. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during inflammation is one of the reasons of the kidney injury. Selenoproteins play crucial roles in regulating ROS and redox status in nearly all tissues; therefore, in this study, the nephrotoxicity of CP and the possible protective effects of seleno L-methionine (SLM) on rat kidneys were investigated. Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into six groups of seven rats each. The control group received saline, and other rats were injected with CP (100 mg/kg), SLM (0.5 or 1 mg/kg), or CP + SLM intraperitoneally. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in kidney homogenates of rats were measured, and kidney tissues were examined under the microscope. CP-treated rats showed a depletion of renal GSH levels (28% of control), while CP + SLM-injected rats had GSH values close to the control group. MDA levels increased 36% of control following CP administration, which were significantly decreased after SLM treatment. Furthermore, these biochemical results were supported by microscopical observations. In conclusion, the present study not only points to the therapeutic potential of SLM in CP-induced kidney toxicity but also indicates a significant role for ROS and their relation to kidney dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Ayhanci
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
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Sayed-Ahmed MM. Progression of cyclophosphamide-induced acute renal metabolic damage in carnitine-depleted rat model. Clin Exp Nephrol 2010; 14:418-26. [PMID: 20652348 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-010-0321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information is available regarding the mechanism of cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced renal damage. Therefore, this study examined whether carnitine deficiency constitutes a risk factor in and should be viewed as a mechanism during development of CP-induced nephrotoxicity and explored whether carnitine supplementation, using propionyl-L-carnitine (PLC), could offer protection against this toxicity. METHODS Experimental rats were assigned to one of six groups; the first three groups were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline, PLC (250 mg/kg/day) or D-carnitine (250 mg/kg/day) + Mildronate (200 mg/kg/day), respectively, for 10 successive days. The 4th, 5th and 6th groups received the same doses of normal saline, PLC or D-carnitine + Mildronate, respectively, for 5 successive days before and after a single dose of CP (200 mg/kg). RESULTS CP significantly increased serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), intramitochondrial acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, significantly decreased total carnitine, intramitochondrial CoA-SH, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ATP/adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and reduced glutathione in kidney tissues. In carnitine-depleted rats, CP resulted in dramatic increase in serum nephrotoxicity indices and acetyl-CoA and induced progressive reduction in total carnitine, CoA-SH and ATP as well as severe histopathological lesions in kidney tissues. Interestingly, PLC completely reversed the biochemical and histopathological changes induced by CP to normal values. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress is not involved in CP-induced renal injury in this model. Carnitine deficiency and energy starvation constitute risk factors in and should be viewed as a mechanism during CP-induced nephrotoxicity. PLC prevents development of CP-induced nephrotoxicity by increasing intracellular carnitine content, intramitochondrial CoA-SH/acetyl-CoA ratio and energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Sayed-Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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