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Benčič A, Toplak N, Koren S, Bogožalec Košir A, Milavec M, Tomič V, Lužnik D, Dreo T. Metrological evaluation of DNA extraction method effects on the bacterial microbiome and resistome in sputum. mSystems 2024:e0073524. [PMID: 39150245 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00735-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted high-throughput sequencing (HTS) has revolutionized the way we look at bacterial communities. It can be used for the species-specific detection of bacteria as well as for the determination of the microbiome and resistome and can be applied to samples from almost any environment. However, the results of targeted HTS can be influenced by many factors, which poses a major challenge for its use in clinical diagnostics. In this study, we investigated the impact of the DNA extraction method on the determination of the bacterial microbiome and resistome by targeted HTS using principles from metrology and diagnostics such as repeatability and analytical sensitivity. Sputum samples spiked with Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at three different concentrations (103-106 cells/mL) were used. DNA was extracted from each sample on 2 separate days in three replicates each using three different extraction methods based on cetrimonium bromide, magnetic beads, and silica membranes. All three spiked bacteria were detected in sputum, and the DNA extraction method had no significant effect on detection. However, the DNA extraction method had significant effects on the composition of the microbiome and the resistome. The sequencing results were repeatable in the majority of cases. The silica membrane-based DNA extraction kit provided the most repeatable results and the highest diversity of the microbiome and resistome. Targeted HTS has been shown to be a reliable tool for determining the microbiome and resistome; however, the method of DNA extraction should be carefully selected to minimize its impact on the results. IMPORTANCE High-throughput sequencing (HTS) is one of the crucial new technologies that gives us insights into previously hidden parts of microbial communities. The DNA extraction method is an important step that can have a major impact on the results, and understanding this impact is of paramount importance for their reliable interpretation. Our results are of great value for the interpretation of sputum microbiome and resistome results obtained by targeted HTS. Our findings allow for a more rational design of future microbiome studies, which would lead to higher repeatability of results and easier comparison between different laboratories. This could also facilitate the introduction of targeted HTS in clinical microbiology for reliable identification of pathogenic bacteria and testing for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As AMR is a major threat to public health, the improved methods for determining AMR would bring great benefits to both the healthcare system and society as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Benčič
- 1Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Alexandra Bogožalec Košir
- 1Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Milavec
- 1Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Viktorija Tomič
- University Clinic of Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Laboratory for Respiratory Microbiology, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Dane Lužnik
- University Clinic of Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Laboratory for Respiratory Microbiology, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Dreo
- 1Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Pasello G, Lorenzi M, Scattolin D, Del Conte A, Cecere F, Pavan A, Macerelli M, Polo V, Pilotto S, Santarpia M, Cumerlato E, Da Ros V, Targato G, Bortolami A, Bonanno L, Ferro A, Dal Maso A, Frega S, Guarneri V. Osimertinib in Patients With Treatment-Naive EGFR-Mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Overall Survival, Post-progression Management and Budget Impact Analysis in Real-World. Oncologist 2024; 29:596-608. [PMID: 38520745 PMCID: PMC11224988 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The observational multicenter prospective FLOWER study (NCT04965701) confirmed effectiveness and safety of osimertinib in the real-world (RW) management of untreated EGFR-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) patients. METHODS Herein, we report updated survival data, post-progression management, cost/effectiveness and budget impact (BI) of osimertinib compared with a RW population receiving gefitinib or erlotinib. RESULTS Overall, 189 Caucasian patients receiving first-line osimertinib were included. After a follow-up of 20.7 months, 74(39.2%) patients discontinued osimertinib, median time-to-treatment discontinuation (mTTD) was 27.9 months, overall survival 36.8 months. At progression, tissue biopsy was performed in 29 (56.9%), liquid biopsy in 15 (29.4%) and both in 7 (13.7%) cases. The most frequent resistant mechanism was MET amplification (N = 14, 29.8%). At data cutoff, 13 (6.9%) patients were continuing osimertinib beyond progression; 52 (67.5%) received second-line treatment; no further treatments were administered in 25 (32.5%) cases. Thirty-three (63.4%) patients received chemotherapy, 12(23.1%) TKIs combination. Cost-effectiveness analysis showed a total cost per patient based on RW mTTD of 98,957.34€, 21,726.28€ and 19,637.83€ for osimertinib, erlotinib and gefitinib, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER)/month for osimertinib was 359,806.0€/life-year-gained (LYG) and 197,789.77€/LYG compared to erlotinib and gefitinib. For osimertinib, the BI-gap between RW-TTD and theoretical-TTD was 16,501.0€ per patient. CONCLUSIONS This updated analysis confirms the effectiveness of osimertinib in RW. Although the ICER of osimertinib seems not cost-effective, additional costs for the management of disease progression to old generation TKIs were not considered in this study. The BI-gap suggests RW mTTD as a more reliable measure for expense estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pasello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Lorenzi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Scattolin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Conte
- Medical Oncology and Immunorelated Tumors, National Cancer Institute Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) – IRCCS, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Fabiana Cecere
- Oncology 1, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute – IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Pavan
- Medical Oncology Department, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria (AULSS 3) Serenissima, Mestre-Venezia, Italy
| | - Marianna Macerelli
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Valentina Polo
- Oncology Unit, AULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca’ Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Sara Pilotto
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine – Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona and University and Hospital Trust (AOUI) of Verona, Verone, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Cumerlato
- Medical Oncology, AULSS 6 Euganea, South Padua Hospital, Monselice (PD), Italy
| | - Valentina Da Ros
- Medical Oncology and Immunorelated Tumors, National Cancer Institute Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) – IRCCS, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Giada Targato
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Alberto Bortolami
- Veneto Oncology Network, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, I.R.C.C.S., Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Bonanno
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferro
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dal Maso
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Frega
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarneri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
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Raad A, Rizzo M, Appiah K, Kearns I, Hernandez L. Critical Examination of Modeling Approaches Used in Economic Evaluations of First-Line Treatments for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations: A Systematic Literature Review. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2024; 42:527-568. [PMID: 38489077 PMCID: PMC11039500 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-024-01362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, with up to 32% of patients with NSCLC harboring an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. NSCLC harboring an EGFR mutation has a dedicated treatment pathway, with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and platinum-based chemotherapy often being the therapy of choice. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systemically review and summarize economic models of first-line treatments used for locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations, as well as to identify areas for improvement for future models. METHODS Literature searches were conducted via Ovid in PubMed, MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, Embase, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews: Health Technology Assessment, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews: National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database, and EconLit. An initial search was conducted on 19 December 2022 and updated on 11 April 2023. Studies were selected according to predefined criteria using the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome and Study design (PICOS) framework. RESULTS Sixty-seven articles were included in the review, representing 59 unique studies. The majority of included models were cost-utility analyses (n = 52), with the remaining studies being cost-effectiveness analyses (n = 4) and a cost-minimization analysis (n = 1). Two studies incorporated both a cost-utility and cost-minimization analysis. Although the model structure across studies was consistently reported, justification for this choice was often lacking. CONCLUSIONS Although the reporting of economic models in NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations is generally good, many of these studies lacked sufficient reporting of justification for structural choices, performing extensive sensitivity analyses and validation in economic evaluations. In resolving such gaps, the validity of future models can be increased to guide healthcare decision making in rare indications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luis Hernandez
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Inc., Lexington, MA, USA.
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4
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Mfumbilwa ZA, Simons MJHG, Ramaekers B, Retèl VP, Mankor JM, Groen HJM, Aerts JGJV, Joore M, Wilschut JA, Coupé VMH. Exploring the Cost Effectiveness of a Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Biomarker for Treatment Selection in Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer Ineligible for Targeted Therapy. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2024; 42:419-434. [PMID: 38194023 PMCID: PMC10937799 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to perform an early cost-effectiveness analysis of using a whole-genome sequencing-based tumor mutation burden (WGS-TMB), instead of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), for immunotherapy treatment selection in patients with non-squamous advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer ineligible for targeted therapy, from a Dutch healthcare perspective. METHODS A decision-model simulating individual patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer was used to evaluate diagnostic strategies to select first-line immunotherapy only or the immunotherapy plus chemotherapy combination. Treatment was selected using PD-L1 [A, current practice], WGS-TMB [B], and both PD-L1 and WGS-TMB [C]. Strategies D, E, and F take into account a patient's disease burden, in addition to PD-L1, WGS-TMB, and both PD-L1 and WGS-TMB, respectively. Disease burden was defined as a fast-growing tumor, a high number of metastases, and/or weight loss. A threshold of 10 mutations per mega-base was used to classify patients into TMB-high and TMB-low groups. Outcomes were discounted quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and healthcare costs measured from the start of first-line treatment to death. Healthcare costs includes drug acquisition, follow-up costs, and molecular diagnostic tests (i.e., standard diagnostic techniques and/or WGS for strategies involving TMB). Results were reported using the net monetary benefit at a willingness-to-pay threshold of €80,000/QALY. Additional scenario and threshold analyses were performed. RESULTS Strategy B had the lowest QALYs (1.84) and lowest healthcare costs (€120,800). The highest QALYs and healthcare costs were 2.00 and €140,400 in strategy F. In the base-case analysis, strategy A was cost effective with the highest net monetary benefit (€27,300), followed by strategy B (€26,700). Strategy B was cost effective when the cost of WGS testing was decreased by at least 24% or when immunotherapy results in an additional 0.5 year of life gained or more for TMB high compared with TMB low. Strategies C and F, which combined TMB and PD-L1 had the highest net monetary benefit (≥ €76,900) when the cost of WGS testing, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy acquisition were simultaneously reduced by at least 47%, 39%, and 43%, respectively. Furthermore, strategy C resulted in the highest net monetary benefit (≥ €39,900) in a scenario where patients with both PD-L1 low and TMB low were treated with chemotherapy instead of immunotherapy plus chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The use of WGS-TMB is not cost effective compared to PD-L1 for immunotherapy treatment selection in non-squamous metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in the Netherlands. WGS-TMB could become cost effective provided there is a reduction in the cost of WGS testing or there is an increase in the predictive value of WGS-TMB for immunotherapy effectiveness. Alternatively, a combination strategy of PD-L1 testing with WGS-TMB would be cost effective if used to support the choice to withhold immunotherapy in patients with a low expected benefit of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakile A Mfumbilwa
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Disease Modelling and Health Care Evaluation, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Martijn J H G Simons
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Ramaekers
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Valesca P Retèl
- Department of Health Technology and Services Research, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne M Mankor
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harry J M Groen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Manuela Joore
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke A Wilschut
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Disease Modelling and Health Care Evaluation, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle M H Coupé
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Disease Modelling and Health Care Evaluation, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Cedillo S, Garí C, Aceituno S, Manso L, Cercos Lleti AC, Ventayol Bosch P, Casado A, Perez Fidalgo A. Cost-effectiveness of olaparib plus bevacizumab versus bevacizumab monotherapy in the maintenance of patients with homologous recombination deficiency-positive advanced ovarian cancer after response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2024; 34:277-284. [PMID: 38054270 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-004786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The PAOLA-1 trial confirmed that adding olaparib to bevacizumab significantly increased clinical benefit following response to platinum-based chemotherapy in homologous recombination deficiency-positive ovarian cancer. The objective of this analysis was to determine the cost-effectiveness of olaparib plus bevacizumab compared with bevacizumab alone as maintenance treatment for patients with homologous recombination deficiency-positive advanced ovarian cancer from the Spanish National Health System perspective. METHODS A lifetime partitioned survival model with four health states (progression-free, post-progression 1, post-progression 2, and death) and monthly cycles was developed. Long-term survival, defined as 60 months, was included as a landmark to extrapolate progression-free survival from PAOLA-1. Weibull distribution was selected as the most accurate survival model for progression-free survival extrapolation. Time to second progression and overall survival were extrapolated using parametric survival models. Mortality was obtained from the overall survival and adjusted by Spanish women mortality rates. Health state utilities and utility decrements for adverse events were included. An expert panel validated data and assumptions. Direct costs (in 2021 euros (€)) were obtained from local sources and included drug acquisition and administration, subsequent therapies, monitoring costs, adverse events, and palliative care. A 3% annual discount rate was applied to costs and outcomes. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated as cost per quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS Compared with bevacizumab alone, olaparib plus bevacizumab increased QALYs and life-years by 2.39 and 2.77, respectively, at an incremental cost of €58 295.31, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €24 371/QALY. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that olaparib plus bevacizumab had a 49.5% and 90.3% probability of being cost-effective versus bevacizumab alone at a willingness-to-pay threshold of €25 000 and €60 000 per QALY gained, respectively. CONCLUSION For patients with homologous recombination deficiency-positive advanced ovarian cancer, olaparib plus bevacizumab is a cost-effective maintenance therapy compared with bevacizumab alone in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Garí
- Outcomes'10 SLU, Castellon de la Plana, Spain
| | | | - Luis Manso
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Casado
- Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Perez Fidalgo
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
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Shen B, Wu D, Liu J, Yang Y. Efficacy of Adjuvant First-Generation TKIs versus Chemotherapy in Patients with Completely Resected EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Cancer Invest 2024; 42:63-74. [PMID: 38224061 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2024.2303311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of adjuvant first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKIs) in patients with resected EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. Therefore, we performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate the overall survival (OS) in patients with resected NSCLC. METHODS Relevant studies were identified from the PubMed and EMBASE databases, and pooled hazard risks were obtained by random-effects models. RESULTS Three prospective phase III and one phase II randomized controlled trials were identified, including a total of 839 patients who had undergone resection of EGFR-sensitive mutation in our analysis, 429 of whom received adjuvant first-generation TKIs therapy. For all patients with complete resection, adjuvant first-generation TKIs therapy was associated with improved disease-free survival (DFS) [hazard ratio (HR): 0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30-0. 82] but not OS (HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.48-1.27) compared with adjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, we reconstructed the OS curves of the ADJUVANT and IMPACT studies, and the pooled 3- and 5-year OS rates of stage II-III patients in the TKI group and chemotherapy group were 80% vs. 79% and 66% vs. 64%, respectively. We also reconstructed the DFS curves based on the ADJUVANT, IMPACT, and EVIDENCE studies, and the pooled 1-, 3- and 5-year DFS rates of stage II-III patients in the TKI group and chemotherapy group were 87% vs. 70%, 49% vs. 37% and 28% vs. 29%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In patients with completely resected EGFR-mutant NSCLC, adjuvant first-generation TKIs may delay disease progression but still fail to improve long-term survival compared with conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shen
- Nursing Department, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongping Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianjiang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
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Vila Pérez A, Alegre-Del Rey EJ, Fénix-Caballero S, Špacírová Z, Rosado Varela P, Olry de Labry Lima A. Economic evaluation of adjuvant therapy with osimertinib in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer and mutated EGFR. Support Care Cancer 2023; 32:67. [PMID: 38150163 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ADAURA trial demonstrated the superiority of osimertinib over a placebo with regard to disease-free survival, showing it to be indicated as an adjuvant therapy for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The aim of the present study was to conduct a cost-utility analysis and an analysis of the budgetary impact of adjuvant therapy with osimertinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer with mutated EGFR who had undergone resection surgery with curative intent. METHODS Analyses were based on the outcomes of the ADAURA clinical trial and were conducted through a Spanish National Health Service perspective. The outcome measures used were quality-adjusted life years (QALY). RESULTS The average overall cost of adjuvant treatment with osimertinib over a period of 100 months in the overall sample of trial patients (stages IB-IIIA) was 220,961 €, compared with 197,849 € in the placebo group. Effectiveness, estimated according to QALY, was 6.26 years in the osimertinib group and 5.96 years in the placebo group, with the incremental cost-utility ratio being 77,040 €/QALY. With regard to the budgetary impact, it was estimated that, in 2021, approximately 1130 patients would be subsidiaries to receive osimertinib. This pertains to a difference of 17,375,330 € over 100 months to fund this treatment relative to no treatment. CONCLUSION Taking into account a Spanish threshold of 24,000 €/QALY, the reduction in the acquisition cost of osimertinib will have to be greater than 10%, to obtain a cost-effective alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Vila Pérez
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | | | - Zuzana Špacírová
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública/Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Cuesta del Observatorio n°4 (CP 18010), Granada, Spain.
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/ Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Petra Rosado Varela
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Olry de Labry Lima
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública/Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Cuesta del Observatorio n°4 (CP 18010), Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/ Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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8
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Development and validation of a decision model for the evaluation of novel lung cancer treatments in the Netherlands. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2349. [PMID: 36759641 PMCID: PMC9911639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries in molecular diagnostics and drug treatments have improved the treatment of patients with advanced (inoperable) non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from solely platinum-based chemotherapy to more personalized treatment, including targeted therapies and immunotherapies. However, these improvements come at considerable costs, highlighting the need to assess their cost-effectiveness in order to optimize lung cancer care. Traditionally, cost-effectiveness models for the evaluation of new lung cancer treatments were based on the findings of the randomized control trials (RCTs). However, the strict RCT inclusion criteria make RCT patients not representative of patients in the real-world. Patients in RCTs have a better prognosis than patients in a real-world setting. Therefore, in this study, we developed and validated a diagnosis-treatment decision model for patients with advanced (inoperable) non-squamous NSCLC based on real-world data in the Netherlands. The model is a patient-level microsimulation model implemented as discrete event simulation with five health events. Patients are simulated from diagnosis to death, including at most three treatment lines. The base-model (non-personalized strategy) was populated using real-world data of patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy between 2008 and 2014 in one of six Dutch teaching hospitals. To simulate personalized care, molecular tumor characteristics were incorporated in the model based on the literature. The impact of novel targeted treatments and immunotherapies was included based on published RCTs. To validate the model, we compared survival under a personalized treatment strategy with observed real-world survival. This model can be used for health-care evaluation of personalized treatment for patients with advanced (inoperable) NSCLC in the Netherlands.
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The prospect of combination therapies with the third-generation EGFR-TKIs to overcome the resistance in NSCLC. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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10
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Rognoni C, Barcellona MR, Bargellini I, Bavetta MG, Bellò M, Brunetto M, Carucci P, Cioni R, Crocetti L, D’Amato F, D’Amico M, Deagostini S, Deandreis D, De Simone P, Doriguzzi A, Finessi M, Fonio P, Grimaldi S, Ialuna S, Lagattuta F, Masi G, Moreci A, Scalisi D, Virdone R, Tarricone R. Cost-effectiveness analysis of personalised versus standard dosimetry for selective internal radiation therapy with TheraSphere in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:920073. [PMID: 36106105 PMCID: PMC9464985 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.920073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To perform a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) comparing personalised dosimetry with standard dosimetry in the context of selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with TheraSphere for the management of adult patients with locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from the Italian Healthcare Service perspective. Materials and methods A partition survival model was developed to project costs and the quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) over a lifetime horizon. Clinical inputs were retrieved from a published randomised controlled trial. Health resource utilisation inputs were extracted from the questionnaires administered to clinicians in three oncology centres in Italy, respectively. Cost parameters were based on Italian official tariffs. Results Over a lifetime horizon, the model estimated the average QALYs of 1.292 and 0.578, respectively, for patients undergoing personalised and standard dosimetry approaches. The estimated mean costs per patient were €23,487 and €19,877, respectively. The incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) of personalised versus standard dosimetry approaches was €5,056/QALY. Conclusions Personalised dosimetry may be considered a cost-effective option compared to standard dosimetry for patients undergoing SIRT for HCC in Italy. These findings provide evidence for clinicians and payers on the value of personalised dosimetry as a treatment option for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rognoni
- Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS), SDA Bocconi School of Management, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Carla Rognoni,
| | | | | | | | - Marilena Bellò
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Carucci
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Cioni
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Fabio D’Amato
- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario D’Amico
- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Deagostini
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Désirée Deandreis
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Doriguzzi
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Monica Finessi
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Fonio
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Serena Grimaldi
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ialuna
- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Lagattuta
- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Masi
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Moreci
- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Scalisi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Virdone
- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tarricone
- Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS), SDA Bocconi School of Management, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Policy Analysis and Public Management, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
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11
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Chen D, Zhao M, Xiang X, Liang J. Percutaneous local tumor ablation vs. stereotactic body radiotherapy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:00029330-990000000-00031. [PMID: 35830244 PMCID: PMC9532043 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous local tumor ablation (LTA) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) have been regarded as viable treatments for early-stage lung cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of LTA with SBRT for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Ovid, Google scholar, CNKI, and CBMdisc were searched to identify potential eligible studies comparing the efficacy and safety of LTA with SBRT for early-stage NSCLC published between January 1, 1991, and May 31, 2021. Hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to estimate the effect size for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional progression (LP), and adverse events. RESULTS Five studies with 22,231 patients were enrolled, including 1443 patients in the LTA group and 20,788 patients in the SBRT group. The results showed that SBRT was not superior to LTA for OS (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.87-1.22, P = 0.71). Similar results were observed for PFS (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.71-1.67, P = 0.71) and LP (HR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.25-1.77, P = 0.70). Subgroup analysis showed that the pooled HR for OS favored SBRT in patients with tumors sized >2 cm (HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.14-1.53, P = 0.0003), whereas there was no significant difference in patients with tumors sized ≤2 cm (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.64-1.35, P = 0.70). Moreover, no significant differences were observed for the incidence of severe adverse events (≥grade 3) (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 0.63-6.07, P = 0.25) between the LTA group and SBRT group. CONCLUSIONS Compared with SBRT, LTA appears to have similar OS, PFS, and LP. However, for tumors >2 cm, SBRT is superior to LTA in OS. Prospective randomized controlled trials are required to determine such findings. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY202160099.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
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Byun JY, Park SK, Ng BP, Liu YS, Kim CR, Park C. A systematic review of economic evaluations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:1247-1257. [PMID: 35759783 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2095203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have improved the efficacy of treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the accessibility of TKIs is limited due to high costs. Despite the critical role of the cost-effectiveness of TKIs on decision-making, no systematic reviews have compared the cost-effectiveness of comparable TKIs. Therefore, we systemically reviewed the economic evaluation studies on various TKIs for NSCLC. AREAS COVERED We searched PubMed and the Cochran Library to identify the published economic evaluation studies of TKIs in NSCLC patients that were published by January 2022. All of the included studies (n = 38) evaluated the cost-effectiveness of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-TKIs (n = 29) or anaplastic lymphocyte kinase (ALK)-TKIs (n = 9). The cost-effectiveness results were reported as the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per quality-adjusted life-year, except for three studies. EXPERT OPINION We found that the economic evaluation studies of the first and second generation of EGFR-TKIs and ALK-TKIs varied by the country and study settings, such as comparator and input parameters. In 12 studies, osimertinib (EGFR-TKI) was not cost-effective compared to other first/second EGFR-TKIs, regardless of the study settings. More evidence can be provided about cost-effectiveness of the third-generation TKIs in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Byun
- Health Outcomes Division, the University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA.,School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sun-Kyeong Park
- College of Pharmacy, the Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Boon Peng Ng
- College of Nursing & Disability Aging and Technology Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Yi-Shao Liu
- Health Outcomes Division, the University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Chae-Rin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, the Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Chanhyun Park
- Health Outcomes Division, the University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA
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Guan H, Wang C, Chen C, Han S, Zhao Z. Cost-Effectiveness of 12 First-Line Treatments for Patients With Advanced EGFR Mutated NSCLC in the United Kingdom and China. Front Oncol 2022; 12:819674. [PMID: 35785198 PMCID: PMC9241581 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.819674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is imposing significant pressure on the national health insurance system worldwide, especially under the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the cost-effectiveness of all available first-line treatments for patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 12 first-line treatments for patients with advanced EGFR mutated NSCLC from the perspective of the United Kingdom (UK) National Health Service and Chinese health care system. Methods We used a Markov model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of 12 treatments, including 6 EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, 4 combination treatments and 2 chemotherapies. The key clinical efficacy and safety data were from a network meta-analysis. The cost and health preference were mainly collected from the literature. The most cost-effective treatment was inferred through a sequential analysis. Uncertainty was tested with one-way sensitivity analyses, scenario analyses, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), direct medical costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were estimated, at willingness-to-pay thresholds of £20000 to £50000 and £8000 to £24000 per QALY in the UK and China respectively. Results For clinical effectiveness, osimertinib and gefitinib plus pemetrexed based chemotherapy (PbCT) yielded the highest QALYs, while two chemotherapy treatments gained the lowest QALYs. For costs, gefitinib treatment was the cheapest option in both countries (£24529 in the UK and £12961 in China). For cost-effectiveness, 4 treatments including gefitinib, gefitinib plus pemetrexed, gefitinib plus PbCT, and osimertinib formed the cost-effectiveness frontier in both countries. Gefitinib alone (70.7% and 80.0% under the threshold of £20000 and £8000 per QALY in the UK and China, respectively) and gefitinib plus PbCT (62.3% and 71.2% under the threshold of £50000 and £24000 per QALY in the UK and China, respectively) were most likely to be cost-effective compared with other first-line treatments. Conclusions Gefitinib and gefitinib plus PbCT were likely to be cost-effective for patients with advanced EGFR mutated NSCLC in both countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China Center for Health Economic Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunping Wang
- International Research Center for Medicinal Administration, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- China Center for Health Economic Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Han
- International Research Center for Medicinal Administration, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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Zhao M, Pan X, Yin Y, Hu H, Wei J, Bai Z, Tang W. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Five Systemic Treatments for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma in China: An Economic Evaluation Based on Network Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:869960. [PMID: 35493395 PMCID: PMC9051228 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.869960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) is the main histological subtype of liver cancer and causes a great disease burden in China. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of five first-line systemic treatments newly approved in the Chinese market for the treatment of uHCC, namely, sorafenib, lenvatinib, donafenib, sintilimab plus bevacizumab (D + A), and atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (T + A) from the perspective of China's healthcare system, to provide a basis for decision-making. Methods We constructed a network meta-analysis of 4 clinical trials and used fractional polynomial models to indirectly compare the effectiveness of treatments. The partitioned survival model was used for cost-effectiveness analysis. Primary model outcomes included the costs in US dollars and health outcomes in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) under a willingness-to-pay threshold of $33,521 (3 times the per capita gross domestic product in China) per QALY. We performed deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses to investigate the robustness. To test the effect of active treatment duration on the conclusions, we performed a scenario analysis. Results Compared with sorafenib, lenvatinib, donafenib, D + A, and T + A regimens, it yielded an increase of 0.25, 0.30, 0.95, and 1.46 life-years, respectively. Correspondingly, these four therapies yielded an additional 0.16, 0.19, 0.51, and 0.86 QALYs and all four ICERs, $40,667.92/QALY gained, $27,630.63/QALY gained, $51,877.36/QALY gained, and $130,508.44/QALY gained, were higher than $33,521 except for donafenib. T + A was the most effective treatment and donafenib was the most economical option. Sensitivity and scenario analysis results showed that the base-case analysis was highly reliable. Conclusion Although combination therapy could greatly improve patients with uHCC survival benefits, under the current WTP, donafenib is still the most economical option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingye Zhao
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics, School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingming Pan
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics, School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics, School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongfei Hu
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics, School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifu Wei
- Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoshi Bai
- Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxi Tang
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics, School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Wenxi Tang
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15
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Shen C, Holguin RAP, Schaefer E, Zhou S, Belani CP, Ma PC, Reed MF. Utilization and costs of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation testing and targeted therapy in Medicare patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:470. [PMID: 35397521 PMCID: PMC8994894 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Guidelines in 2013 and 2014 recommended Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) testing for metastatic lung adenocarcinoma patients as the efficacy of targeted therapies depends on the mutations. However, adherence to these guidelines and the corresponding costs have not been well-studied. Methods We identified 2362 patients at least 65 years old newly diagnosed with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma from January 2013 to December 2015 using the SEER-Medicare database. We examined the utilization patterns of EGFR testing and targeted therapies including erlotinib and afatinib. We further examined the costs of both EGFR testing and targeted therapy in terms of Medicare costs and patient out-of-pocket (OOP) costs. Results The EGFR testing rate increased from 38% in 2013 to 51% and 49% in 2014 and 2015 respectively. The testing rate was 54% among the 394 patients who received erlotinib, and 52% among the 42 patients who received afatinib. The median Medicare and OOP costs for testing were $1483 and $293. In contrast, the costs for targeted therapy were substantially higher with median 30-day costs at $6114 and $240 for erlotinib and $6239 and $471 for afatinib. Conclusion This population-based study suggests that testing guidelines improved the use of EGFR testing, although there was still a large proportion of patients receiving targeted therapy without testing. The costs of targeted therapy were substantially higher than the testing costs, highlighting the need to improve adherence to testing guidelines in order to improve clinical outcomes while reducing the economic burden for both Medicare and patients.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-07857-y.
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Silva F, Pereira T, Neves I, Morgado J, Freitas C, Malafaia M, Sousa J, Fonseca J, Negrão E, Flor de Lima B, Correia da Silva M, Madureira AJ, Ramos I, Costa JL, Hespanhol V, Cunha A, Oliveira HP. Towards Machine Learning-Aided Lung Cancer Clinical Routines: Approaches and Open Challenges. J Pers Med 2022; 12:480. [PMID: 35330479 PMCID: PMC8950137 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in the development of computer-aided decision (CAD) systems for clinical routines provide unquestionable benefits in connecting human medical expertise with machine intelligence, to achieve better quality healthcare. Considering the large number of incidences and mortality numbers associated with lung cancer, there is a need for the most accurate clinical procedures; thus, the possibility of using artificial intelligence (AI) tools for decision support is becoming a closer reality. At any stage of the lung cancer clinical pathway, specific obstacles are identified and "motivate" the application of innovative AI solutions. This work provides a comprehensive review of the most recent research dedicated toward the development of CAD tools using computed tomography images for lung cancer-related tasks. We discuss the major challenges and provide critical perspectives on future directions. Although we focus on lung cancer in this review, we also provide a more clear definition of the path used to integrate AI in healthcare, emphasizing fundamental research points that are crucial for overcoming current barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Silva
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (I.N.); (J.M.); (M.M.); (J.S.); (J.F.); (A.C.); (H.P.O.)
- FCUP—Faculty of Science, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tania Pereira
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (I.N.); (J.M.); (M.M.); (J.S.); (J.F.); (A.C.); (H.P.O.)
| | - Inês Neves
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (I.N.); (J.M.); (M.M.); (J.S.); (J.F.); (A.C.); (H.P.O.)
- ICBAS—Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Morgado
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (I.N.); (J.M.); (M.M.); (J.S.); (J.F.); (A.C.); (H.P.O.)
| | - Cláudia Freitas
- CHUSJ—Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (E.N.); (B.F.d.L.); (M.C.d.S.); (A.J.M.); (I.R.); (V.H.)
- FMUP—Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Mafalda Malafaia
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (I.N.); (J.M.); (M.M.); (J.S.); (J.F.); (A.C.); (H.P.O.)
- FEUP—Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Sousa
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (I.N.); (J.M.); (M.M.); (J.S.); (J.F.); (A.C.); (H.P.O.)
| | - João Fonseca
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (I.N.); (J.M.); (M.M.); (J.S.); (J.F.); (A.C.); (H.P.O.)
- FEUP—Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Negrão
- CHUSJ—Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (E.N.); (B.F.d.L.); (M.C.d.S.); (A.J.M.); (I.R.); (V.H.)
| | - Beatriz Flor de Lima
- CHUSJ—Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (E.N.); (B.F.d.L.); (M.C.d.S.); (A.J.M.); (I.R.); (V.H.)
| | - Miguel Correia da Silva
- CHUSJ—Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (E.N.); (B.F.d.L.); (M.C.d.S.); (A.J.M.); (I.R.); (V.H.)
| | - António J. Madureira
- CHUSJ—Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (E.N.); (B.F.d.L.); (M.C.d.S.); (A.J.M.); (I.R.); (V.H.)
- FMUP—Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Ramos
- CHUSJ—Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (E.N.); (B.F.d.L.); (M.C.d.S.); (A.J.M.); (I.R.); (V.H.)
- FMUP—Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - José Luis Costa
- FMUP—Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Venceslau Hespanhol
- CHUSJ—Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (E.N.); (B.F.d.L.); (M.C.d.S.); (A.J.M.); (I.R.); (V.H.)
- FMUP—Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - António Cunha
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (I.N.); (J.M.); (M.M.); (J.S.); (J.F.); (A.C.); (H.P.O.)
- UTAD—University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Hélder P. Oliveira
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (I.N.); (J.M.); (M.M.); (J.S.); (J.F.); (A.C.); (H.P.O.)
- FCUP—Faculty of Science, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Nargesi S, Dolatshahi Z, Rezapour A, Alipour V, Souresrafil A, Farabi H, Javadmoosavi SA, Safakhah M, Moradi N. Cost-effectiveness of osimertinib in the treatment of advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2021; 22:543-554. [PMID: 34846235 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2022.2011721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common type of lung cancer is advanced and mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have reconstructed the care of these patients, the resistance of TKIs to the secondary EGFR-T790M mutation in advanced or metastatic NSCLC led to the introduction of the third generation of them, like osimertinib. Osimertinib has represented a remarkable increase in progression-free survival (PFS) and a decrease in death and hazard ratios in patients with required T790 mutation and sensitizing EGFR mutation without T790M. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of osimertinib for the treatment of these patients compared to chemotherapy or immunotherapy with the last generations of EGFR-TKIs. AREAS COVERED Electronic searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Scopus, , Web of Knowledge, NHSEED, NHS Health Technology assessment (CRD), and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry databases. Related articles were reviewed from January 2015 to the end of August 2020. Out of 2708 initial studies, 10 articles had the inclusion criteria. EXPERT OPINION Although osimertinib improves the quality of life and PFS for the mentioned patients based on its greater efficacy compared to standard EGFR-TKIs and chemotherapy, its high cost prevents considering it a cost-effective option. And, since most entered studies have been done in developed countries, it certainly does not true to extend these results to low-income and developing countries. Therefore, further studies in those countries are needed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of osimertinib for sensitizing EGFR mutation without T790M and required T790M in advanced or metastatic NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Nargesi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Dolatshahi
- Department of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aziz Rezapour
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Alipour
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aghdas Souresrafil
- Department of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hiro Farabi
- Department of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Arash Javadmoosavi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Safakhah
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Moradi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Simons MJHG, Retèl VP, Ramaekers BLT, Butter R, Mankor JM, Paats MS, Aerts JGJV, Mfumbilwa ZA, Roepman P, Coupé VMH, Uyl-de Groot CA, van Harten WH, Joore MA. Early Cost Effectiveness of Whole-Genome Sequencing as a Clinical Diagnostic Test for Patients with Inoperable Stage IIIB,C/IV Non-squamous Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2021; 39:1429-1442. [PMID: 34405371 PMCID: PMC8599348 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-021-01073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbours many genetic aberrations that can be targeted with systemic treatments. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) can simultaneously detect these (and possibly new) molecular targets. However, the exact added clinical value of WGS is unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the early cost effectiveness of using WGS in diagnostic strategies compared with currently used molecular diagnostics for patients with inoperable stage IIIB,C/IV non-squamous NSCLC from a Dutch healthcare perspective. METHODS A decision tree represented the diagnostic pathway, and a cohort state transition model represented disease progression. Three diagnostic strategies were modelled: standard of care (SoC) alone, WGS as a diagnostic test, and SoC followed by WGS. Treatment effectiveness was based on a systematic review. Probabilistic cost-effectiveness analyses were performed, and threshold analyses (using €80,000 per quality-adjusted life-year [QALY]) was used to explore the early cost effectiveness of WGS. RESULTS WGS as a diagnostic test resulted in more QALYs (0.002) and costs (€1534 [incremental net monetary benefit -€1349]), and SoC followed by WGS resulted in fewer QALYs (-0.002) and more costs (€1059 [-€1194]) compared with SoC alone. WGS as a diagnostic test was only cost effective if it was priced at €2000 per patient and identified 2.7% more actionable patients than SoC alone. Treating these additional identified patients with new treatments costing >€4069 per month decreased the probability of cost effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that providing WGS as a diagnostic test is cost effective compared with SoC followed by WGS and SoC alone if costs for WGS decrease and additional patients with actionable targets are identified. This cost-effectiveness model can be used to incorporate new findings iteratively and to support ongoing decision making regarding the use of WGS in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn J H G Simons
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht University, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Valesca P Retèl
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Technology and Services Research, University of Twente, Hallenweg 5, 7522 NH, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bram L T Ramaekers
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht University, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Butter
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne M Mankor
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marthe S Paats
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim G J V Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zakile A Mfumbilwa
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center-Location VUmc, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Roepman
- Hartwig Medical Foundation, Science Park 408, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle M H Coupé
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center-Location VUmc, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carin A Uyl-de Groot
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management/Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H van Harten
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Technology and Services Research, University of Twente, Hallenweg 5, 7522 NH, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Manuela A Joore
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Maastricht University, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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19
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Chua KP, Teng YHF, Tan AC, Takano A, Alvarez JJS, Nahar R, Rohatgi N, Lai GGY, Aung ZW, Yeong JPS, Lim KH, Naeini MM, Kassam I, Jain A, Tan WL, Gogna A, Too CW, Kanesvaran R, Ng QS, Ang MK, Rajasekaran T, Anantham D, Phua GC, Tan BS, Lee YY, Wang L, Teo ASM, Khng AJ, Lim MJ, Suteja L, Toh CK, Lim WT, Iyer NG, Tam WL, Tan EH, Zhai W, Hillmer AM, Skanderup AJ, Tan DSW. Integrative Profiling of T790M-Negative EGFR-Mutated NSCLC Reveals Pervasive Lineage Transition and Therapeutic Opportunities. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5939-5950. [PMID: 34261696 PMCID: PMC9401458 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the established role of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in EGFR-mutated NSCLC, drug resistance inevitably ensues, with a paucity of treatment options especially in EGFR T790M-negative resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed whole-exome and transcriptome analysis of 59 patients with first- and second-generation EGFR TKI-resistant metastatic EGFR-mutated NSCLC to characterize and compare molecular alterations mediating resistance in T790M-positive (T790M+) and -negative (T790M-) disease. RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis revealed ubiquitous loss of adenocarcinoma lineage gene expression in T790M- tumors, orthogonally validated using multiplex IHC. There was enrichment of genomic features such as TP53 alterations, 3q chromosomal amplifications, whole-genome doubling and nonaging mutational signatures in T790M- tumors. Almost half of resistant tumors were further classified as immunehot, with clinical outcomes conditional on immune cell-infiltration state and T790M status. Finally, using a Bayesian statistical approach, we explored how T790M- and T790M+ disease might be predicted using comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic profiles of treatment-naïve patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results illustrate the interplay between genetic alterations, cell lineage plasticity, and immune microenvironment in shaping divergent TKI resistance and outcome trajectories in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Genomic and transcriptomic profiling may facilitate the design of bespoke therapeutic approaches tailored to a tumor's adaptive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khi Pin Chua
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yvonne H F Teng
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aaron C Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela Takano
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Rahul Nahar
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neha Rohatgi
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gillianne G Y Lai
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zaw Win Aung
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joe P S Yeong
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kiat Hon Lim
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Amit Jain
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Ling Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Apoorva Gogna
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chow Wei Too
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ravindran Kanesvaran
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Quan Sing Ng
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei Kim Ang
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tanujaa Rajasekaran
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Devanand Anantham
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ghee Chee Phua
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bien Soo Tan
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yin Yeng Lee
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lanying Wang
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Ming Jie Lim
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisda Suteja
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Keong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan-Teck Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
- IMCB NCC MPI Singapore Oncogenome Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - N Gopalakrishna Iyer
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Leong Tam
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-Huat Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weiwei Zhai
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Axel M Hillmer
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Daniel S W Tan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Aguilar-Serra J, Gimeno-Ballester V, Pastor-Clerigues A, Milara J, Trigo-Vicente C, Cortijo J. Cost-effectiveness analysis of the first-line EGFR-TKIs in patients with advanced EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2021; 22:637-646. [PMID: 34602008 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2022.1987220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of first-line treatments, such as erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib, dacomitinib, and osimertinib, for patients diagnosed with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations. MATERIALS & METHODS A partitioned survival model was developed to estimate quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) from the perspective of the Spanish National Health System. Two Bayesian NMAs were performed independently, by using the polynomial fraction method to fit Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival and progression-free survival. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the uncertainty. RESULTS The ICER was calculated for the four first-line treatments by comparing them with gefitinib, and the ratios obtained were as follows: €166,416/QALY for osimertinib, €183,682/QALY for dacomitinib, €167,554/QALY for afatinib, €36,196/QALY for erlotinib. It was seen that patients who received osimertinib presented higher QALYs (0.49), followed by dacomitinib (0.33), afatinib (0.32), erlotinib (0.31), and gefitinib (0.28). CONCLUSIONS Gefitinib is the most cost-effective treatment. In terms of QALYs gained, Osimertinib was more effective than all other TKIs. Nevertheless, with a Spanish threshold of €24,000/QALY, the reduction in the acquisition cost of osimertinib will have to be greater than 70%, to obtain a cost-effectiveness alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aguilar-Serra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Gimeno-Ballester
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Pastor-Clerigues
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Milara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, Research Foundation of General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Trigo-Vicente
- Department of Pharmacy, C.r.p. Nuestra Señora Del Pilar, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
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21
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Seo MK, Cairns J. How are we evaluating the cost-effectiveness of companion biomarkers for targeted cancer therapies? A systematic review. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:980. [PMID: 34470603 PMCID: PMC8408935 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the increasing economic assessment of biomarker-guided therapies, no clear agreement exists whether existing methods are sufficient or whether different methods might produce different cost-effectiveness results. This study aims to examine current practices of modeling companion biomarkers when assessing the cost-effectiveness of targeted cancer therapies. It investigates the current methods in modeling the characteristics of companion diagnostics based on existing economic evaluations of biomarker-guided therapies in cancer. Methods A literature search was performed using Medline, Embase, EconLit, Cochrane library for economic evaluations of biomarker-guided therapies with companion diagnostics in cancer. Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Studies were selected using pre-specified eligibility criteria based on the PICO framework. To make the included studies more comparable, we qualitatively synthesized the data under nine domains of methods where consensus was deemed lacking. Results Only four of the twenty-two studies included in this review were found to be of good quality with respect to incorporating the characteristics of companion biomarkers in economic evaluations. However, many evaluations focused on a pre-selected patient group rather than including all patients regardless of their biomarker status. Companion biomarker characteristics captured in evaluations were often limited to the cost or the accuracy of the test. Often, only the costs of biomarker testing were modelled. Clinical outcomes and health state utilities were often not included due to the limited data generated by clinical trials. Methods of economic evaluation were not applied consistently in assessments of companion cancer biomarkers for targeted therapies. It was also shown that conflicting cost-effectiveness results were likely depending on what comparator arm was chosen and what comparison structure was designed in the model. Conclusion We found no consistent approach applied in assessing the value of companion biomarker tests and including the characteristics of biomarkers in an economic evaluation of targeted oncology therapies. Currently, many economic evaluations fail to capture the full value of companion biomarkers beyond sensitivity/specificity and cost related to biomarker testing. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08725-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikyung Kelly Seo
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. .,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - John Cairns
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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22
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Ng WW, Lin CC, Cheng CY, Jiang JS, Kao SJ, Yeh DY. Real-world outcomes of first- and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors first-line in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective observational cohort study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253335. [PMID: 34166400 PMCID: PMC8224855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sequencing of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in patients with EGFR mutation-positive (EGFRm+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a matter of controversy. This cohort study analyzed the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of afatinib compared with erlotinib and gefitinib first-line. EGFRm+, advanced NSCLC patients treated with either afatinib, erlotinib or gefitinib were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 107 patients were included. There was no statistically significant difference in PFS among the 3 groups. In the ≥ 60 years age group, the afatinib group had longer survival compared to the gefitinib group (p = 0.01). Median OS were 19.1, 22.9, and 35.6 months for gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib groups, respectively, with statistical significance between the gefitinib and afatinib groups (p = 0.009). Patients on afatinib also had longer median OS than erlotinib and gefitinib pooled together (35.5 versus 21.4 months; hazard ratio = 0.54, p = 0.016), despite similar median PFS. In conclusion, afatinib is a better choice compared to gefitinib or erlotinib for EGFRm+ patients. The OS obtained with afatinib is just 3 months shorter than osimertinib in the FLAURA trial. Direct comparison studies with osimertinib are still needed to determine optimal sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Ng
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu-Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chun Lin
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu-Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Cheng
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu-Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Song Jiang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu-Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Respiratory Therapy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Jyh Kao
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu-Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Respiratory Therapy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Diana Yuwung Yeh
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu-Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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23
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Beyond Osimertinib: The Development of Third-Generation EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors For Advanced EGFR+ NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:740-763. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Nilsson FOL, Gal P, Houisse I, Ivanova JI, Asanin ST. The cost-effectiveness of dacomitinib in first-line treatment of advanced/metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer ( EGFRm NSCLC) in Sweden. J Med Econ 2021; 24:447-457. [PMID: 33754924 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2021.1901722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although the benefit of first-line epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) over chemotherapy in EGFR mutation-positive (EGFRm) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been demonstrated in clinical trials, the optimal treatment sequence remains unclear. The objective of our study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of dacomitinib in Sweden vs afatinib and osimertinib in first-line treatment of EGFRm NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A partitioned survival model was developed with three health states: progression-free, post-progression, and death. Progression-free and overall survival curves were used to inform movements between states. Clinical data were taken from randomized trials, compared via a network meta-analysis (NMA). Utility data were taken from published studies and costs from national Swedish sources. The model used a 15-year time horizon and a Swedish healthcare payer perspective. Sensitivity and scenario analyses were performed. RESULTS The base-case analysis showed that dacomitinib accrued a total of 2.10 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) at a total cost of Swedish krona (SEK) 874,615. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for dacomitinib vs afatinib was SEK 461,556 per QALY gained. The ICER of osimertinib vs dacomitinib, where the small QALY gains of the former came at a high additional cost, was SEK 11,444,709. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these results; changes to drug and medical resource use costs and overall survival had the greatest impact on ICER estimates. LIMITATIONS This model is subject to uncertainty associated with extrapolating long-term treatment effects from shorter trial follow-up periods, although this would also be a limitation when using direct comparison or time-dependent hazard ratios. The NMA was limited by the use of indirect comparison, although sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of our findings. CONCLUSIONS Our model demonstrated that dacomitinib is cost-effective for first-line EGFRm NSCLC treatment in Sweden vs afatinib and osimertinib.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Gal
- Evidence Synthesis, Modeling & Communication, Evidera, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ivan Houisse
- Evidence Synthesis, Modeling & Communication, Evidera, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jasmina I Ivanova
- Global Health Economics and Outcomes Research (Oncology), Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Pereira T, Freitas C, Costa JL, Morgado J, Silva F, Negrão E, de Lima BF, da Silva MC, Madureira AJ, Ramos I, Hespanhol V, Cunha A, Oliveira HP. Comprehensive Perspective for Lung Cancer Characterisation Based on AI Solutions Using CT Images. J Clin Med 2020; 10:E118. [PMID: 33396348 PMCID: PMC7796087 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer death in the world. For this reason, novel approaches for early and more accurate diagnosis are needed. Computer-aided decision (CAD) can be an interesting option for a noninvasive tumour characterisation based on thoracic computed tomography (CT) image analysis. Until now, radiomics have been focused on tumour features analysis, and have not considered the information on other lung structures that can have relevant features for tumour genotype classification, especially for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is the mutation with the most successful targeted therapies. With this perspective paper, we aim to explore a comprehensive analysis of the need to combine the information from tumours with other lung structures for the next generation of CADs, which could create a high impact on targeted therapies and personalised medicine. The forthcoming artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches for lung cancer assessment should be able to make a holistic analysis, capturing information from pathological processes involved in cancer development. The powerful and interpretable AI models allow us to identify novel biomarkers of cancer development, contributing to new insights about the pathological processes, and making a more accurate diagnosis to help in the treatment plan selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Pereira
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, INESC TEC, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.M.); (F.S.); (A.C.); (H.P.O.)
| | - Cláudia Freitas
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, CHUSJ, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (E.N.); (B.F.d.L.); (M.C.d.S.); (A.J.M.); (I.R.); (V.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, FMUP, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - José Luis Costa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, FMUP, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of the University of Porto, i3S, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, IPATIMUP, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Morgado
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, INESC TEC, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.M.); (F.S.); (A.C.); (H.P.O.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Porto, FCUP, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Silva
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, INESC TEC, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.M.); (F.S.); (A.C.); (H.P.O.)
| | - Eduardo Negrão
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, CHUSJ, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (E.N.); (B.F.d.L.); (M.C.d.S.); (A.J.M.); (I.R.); (V.H.)
| | - Beatriz Flor de Lima
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, CHUSJ, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (E.N.); (B.F.d.L.); (M.C.d.S.); (A.J.M.); (I.R.); (V.H.)
| | - Miguel Correia da Silva
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, CHUSJ, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (E.N.); (B.F.d.L.); (M.C.d.S.); (A.J.M.); (I.R.); (V.H.)
| | - António J. Madureira
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, CHUSJ, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (E.N.); (B.F.d.L.); (M.C.d.S.); (A.J.M.); (I.R.); (V.H.)
| | - Isabel Ramos
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, CHUSJ, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (E.N.); (B.F.d.L.); (M.C.d.S.); (A.J.M.); (I.R.); (V.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, FMUP, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Venceslau Hespanhol
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, CHUSJ, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (E.N.); (B.F.d.L.); (M.C.d.S.); (A.J.M.); (I.R.); (V.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, FMUP, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - António Cunha
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, INESC TEC, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.M.); (F.S.); (A.C.); (H.P.O.)
- Department of Engineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Hélder P. Oliveira
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, INESC TEC, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.M.); (F.S.); (A.C.); (H.P.O.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Porto, FCUP, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Khoo T, Gao L. Cost-effectiveness of osimertinib versus standard EGFR-TKI as first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer in Australia. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2020; 21:415-423. [PMID: 33151783 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2021.1847648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the cost-effectiveness of osimertinib versus standard epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), gefitinib or erlotinib, as first-line treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer in Australia from a healthcare system perspective.Methods: A partitioned survival model comprising three mutually exclusive health states with a five-year time horizon was developed. Model inputs were sourced from the pivotal trial (FLAURA) and published literature. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), in terms of cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained and cost per life-year (LY) gained, were calculated. Uncertainty of the results was assessed using deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.Results: Compared with standard EGFR-TKIs, osimertinib was associated with a higher incremental cost of A$118,502, and an incremental benefit of 0.274 QALYs and 0.313 LYs. The ICER was estimated to be A$432,197/QALY gained and A$378,157/LY gained. The base-case ICER was most sensitive to changes in cost of first-line osimertinib, time horizon, and choice of overall survival data (interim versus final analysis).Conclusions: At a willingness-to-pay threshold of A$50,000/QALY, first-line osimertinib is not cost-effective compared with standard EGFR-TKIs in Australia based on the current published price. To achieve acceptable cost-effectiveness, the cost of first-line osimertinib needs to be reduced by at least 68.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Khoo
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lan Gao
- Deakin Health Economics, Centre for Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
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Arrieta O, Catalán R, Guzmán-Vazquez S, Barrón F, Lara-Mejía L, Soto-Molina H, Ramos-Ramírez M, Flores-Estrada D, de la Garza J. Cost-effectiveness analysis of first and second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors as first line of treatment for patients with NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:829. [PMID: 32873256 PMCID: PMC7465360 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have become the cornerstone treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer that harbor oncogenic EGFR mutations. The counterpart of these drugs is the financial burden that they impose, which often creates a barrier for accessing treatment in developing countries. The aim if the present study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of three different first and second generation TKIs. METHODS We designed a retrospective cost-effectiveness analysis of three different TKIs (afatinib, erlotinib, and gefitinib) administered as first-line therapy for patients with NSCLC that harbor EGFR mutations. RESULTS We included 99 patients with the following TKI treatment; 40 treated with afatinib, 33 with gefitinib, and 26 with erlotinib. Median PFS was not significantly different between treatment groups; 15.4 months (95% CI 9.3-19.5) for afatinib; 9.0 months (95% CI 6.3- NA) for erlotinib; and 10.0 months (95% CI 7.46-14.6) for gefitinib. Overall survival was also similar between groups: 29.1 months (95% CI 25.4-NA) for afatinib; 27.1 months (95% CI 17.1- NA) for erlotinib; and 23.7 months (95% CI 18.6-NA) for gefitinib. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean TKIs costs; being afatinib the most expensive treatment. This difference was observed in the daily cost of treatment (p < 0.01), as well as the total cost of treatment (p = 0.00095). Cost-effectiveness analysis determined that afatinib was a better cost-effective option when compared with first-generation TKIs (erlotinib and gefitinib). CONCLUSION In our population, erlotinib, afatinib, and gefitinib were statistically equally effective in terms of OS and PFS for the treatment of patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC population. Owing to its marginally increased PFS and OS, the cost-effectiveness analysis determined that afatinib was a slightly better cost-effective option when compared with first-generation TKIs (erlotinib and gefitinib).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, CP. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Rodrigo Catalán
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, CP. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Feliciano Barrón
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, CP. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Lara-Mejía
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, CP. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Maritza Ramos-Ramírez
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, CP. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Flores-Estrada
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, CP. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime de la Garza
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, CP. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
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Dodson C, Richards TJ, Smith DA, Ramaiya NH. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy for Brain Metastases in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Primer for Radiologists. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:738-750. [PMID: 32217548 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Treatment options for patients who develop brain metastases secondary to non-small-cell lung cancer have rapidly expanded in recent years. As a key adjunct to surgical and radiation therapy options, systemic therapies are now a critical component of the oncologic management of metastatic CNS disease in many patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. The aim of this review article was to provide a guide for radiologists, outlining the role of systemic therapies in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, with a focus on tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The critical role of the blood-brain barrier in the development of systemic therapies will be described. The final sections of this review will provide an overview of current imaging-based guidelines for therapy response. The utility of the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria will be discussed, with a focus on how to use the response criteria in the assessment of patients treated with systemic and traditional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dodson
- From the Department of Radiology (C.D., T.J.R., D.A.S., N.H.R.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - T J Richards
- From the Department of Radiology (C.D., T.J.R., D.A.S., N.H.R.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (T.J.R.), University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - D A Smith
- From the Department of Radiology (C.D., T.J.R., D.A.S., N.H.R.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - N H Ramaiya
- From the Department of Radiology (C.D., T.J.R., D.A.S., N.H.R.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Yang SC, Lai WW, Hsu JC, Su WC, Wang JD. Comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of three first-line EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Analysis of real-world data in a tertiary hospital in Taiwan. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231413. [PMID: 32267879 PMCID: PMC7141611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Comparison of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of three first-line EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) would improve patients’ clinical benefits and save costs. Using real-world data, this study attempted to directly compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of first-line afatinib, erlotinib, and gefitinib. Methods During May 2011-December 2017, all patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) visiting a tertiary center were invited to fill out the EuroQol five-dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaires and World Health Organization Quality of Life, brief version (WHOQOL-BREF), and received follow-ups for survival and direct medical costs. A total of 379 patients with EGFR mutation-positive advanced NSCLC under first-line TKIs were enrolled for analysis. After propensity score matching for the patients receiving afatinib (n = 48), erlotinib (n = 48), and gefitinib (n = 96), we conducted the study from the payers’ perspective with a lifelong time horizon. Results Patients receiving afatinib had the worst lifetime psychometric scores, whereas the differences in quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) were modest. Considering 3 treatments together, afatinib was dominated by erlotinib. Erlotinib had an incremental cost-effectiveness of US$17,960/life year and US$12,782/QALY compared with gefitinib. Acceptability curves showed that erlotinib had 58.6% and 78.9% probabilities of being cost-effective given a threshold of 1 Taiwanese per capita GDP per life year and QALY, respectively. Conclusion Erlotinib appeared to be cost-effective. Lifetime psychometric scores may provide additional information for effectiveness evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Chun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Wei Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jason C. Hsu
- School of Pharmacy and Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Der Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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