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Dimbleby B, Greenway W, Burns SO, Richter AG, Shields AM. Health Care Utilisation in a Cohort of Patients with Primary and Secondary Antibody Deficiency in the United Kingdom. J Clin Immunol 2024; 45:18. [PMID: 39331196 PMCID: PMC11436396 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigates the frequency of hospital attendances, emergency care attendances and geographical influences on service interaction in cohorts of patients with primary and secondary antibody deficiency, to inform future service planning and delivery. METHODS The COVID-19 in Antibody Deficiency (COV-AD) study was a United Kingdom study that enrolled 525 participants between April 2021 and September 2022. Data on health care utilisation was extracted from a screening cohort of participants at one participating site (Birmingham, UK). Hospital attendance (i.e. all outpatient and inpatient care episodes, including hospital-based IVIG treatment) and emergency care attendance patterns were analysed. Geographical differences in travel times to hospitals and associated costs were considered for all participants at all recruiting sites. RESULTS Individuals with antibody deficiency had a median of 7 hospital attendances per year. A diagnosis of secondary antibody deficiency, and antibody deficiency severe enough to require treatment with immunoglobulin replacement were associated with an increased frequency of hospital attendance. 12.7% of the cohort attended the Emergency Department at least once in the preceding twelve months. Individuals with secondary antibody deficiency were at greater risk of requiring emergency care over the preceding one-year and five-year periods. Individuals receiving subcutaneous immunoglobulin lived further from their local immunology centre and were more likely to engage with the COV-AD research study remotely, via dried blood spots sampling. CONCLUSION This study highlights the utilisation of emergency and secondary care usage amongst patient with immunodeficiency and may inform service adaptation and development to better accommodate patient needs and circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dimbleby
- Clinical Immunology Service, School of Infection, Inflammation and Immunology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Will Greenway
- Clinical Immunology Service, School of Infection, Inflammation and Immunology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Siobhan O Burns
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alex G Richter
- Clinical Immunology Service, School of Infection, Inflammation and Immunology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adrian M Shields
- Clinical Immunology Service, School of Infection, Inflammation and Immunology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
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Li Z, Mahmood I. Immunoglobulin therapies for primary immunodeficiency diseases (part 2): considerations for dosing strategies. Immunotherapy 2024; 16:895-905. [PMID: 39323406 PMCID: PMC11457668 DOI: 10.1080/1750743x.2024.2382074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) dosing in treating primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) is individualized, which often involves regular monitoring of IgG levels, and considers patient experiences with immunoglobulin therapies, their clinical status and physician judgment. The frequency and dose(s) of intravenously (IVIG) and subcutaneously (SCIG) administered IgGs (including hyaluronidase-facilitated SCIG) require rigorous evaluation to maximize therapeutic benefits. Monitoring serum IgG levels represents an integral part of diagnosing primary immunodeficiency diseases and determining or adjusting IgG dosing strategies to meet individual patient needs, but cannot be conducted in isolation. This review discusses the current state and future perspectives on dosing strategies for different types of IgG therapies, as well as dosing considerations for specific patient populations, immunoglobulin-naive patients and patients switching between IVIG and SCIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Li
- Clinical Pharmacology & Early Clinical Development, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Iftekhar Mahmood
- Clinical Pharmacology & Early Clinical Development, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Bril V, Lampe J, Cooper N, Kiessling P, Gardulf A. Patient-reported preferences for subcutaneous or intravenous administration of parenteral drug treatments in adults with immune disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Comp Eff Res 2024; 13:e230171. [PMID: 39115099 PMCID: PMC11363182 DOI: 10.57264/cer-2023-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Several studies have found subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous (IV) administration of similar drugs for long-lasting immunological and autoimmune diseases to have similar clinical effectiveness, meaning that what patients report they prefer is, or should be, a major factor in treatment choices. Therefore, it is important to systematically compile evidence regarding patient preferences, treatment satisfaction and health-related quality of life (HRQL) using SC or IV administration of the same drug. Materials & methods: PubMed database searches were run on 15 October 2021. Studies involving patients with experience of both home-based SC and hospital-based IV administration of immunoglobulins or biological therapies for the treatment of any autoimmune disease or primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) were included. The outcomes assessed were patient preferences, treatment satisfaction and HRQL. Preference data were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. Results: In total, 3504 citations were screened, and 46 publications describing 37 studies were included in the review. There was a strong overall preference for SC over IV administration, with similar results seen for PIDs and autoimmune diseases: PID, 80% (95% confidence interval [CI], 64-94%) preferred SC; autoimmune diseases, 83% (95% CI: 73-92%); overall, 82% (95% CI: 75-89%). The meta-analysis also found that 84% (95% CI: 75-92%) of patients preferred administration at home to treatment in hospital. Analysis of treatment satisfaction using the life quality index found consistently better treatment interference and treatment setting scores with SC administration than with IV administration. Conclusion: Compared with IV infusions in hospital, patients tend to prefer, to be more satisfied with and to report better HRQL with SC administration of the same drug at home, primarily due to the greater convenience. This study contributes to evidence-based care of patients with autoimmune diseases or PIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Bril
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
| | | | - Nichola Cooper
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Ann Gardulf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
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Desai M, Kenney J, Pezalla E. Evaluating unmet needs in large-volume subcutaneous drug delivery: U.S. payer perspectives on a novel, large-volume on-body delivery system. Curr Med Res Opin 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38700234 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2024.2351165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Existing healthcare systems face finite resource allocation and budgetary constraints, resulting in a substantial need for innovative solutions to enhance service delivery at reduced costs. A novel, user-friendly on-body delivery system (OBDS) was developed which enables administration of large-volume subcutaneous (SC) drugs in both clinical and home-based settings (at-home healthcare professional [HCP] administration or at-home self-administration). METHODS This research sought to evaluate the potential economic impact of at-home self- or HCP- administration with the OBDS through a comprehensive review of published literature and semi-structured interviews with 17 US payers representing approximately 227 million covered lives. RESULTS Published literature on OBDS remains limited, but available research highlights the cost-savings of SC administration due to reduced healthcare resource utilization, particularly with home-based care, and improved patient compliance. In interviews, payers identified several attributes that would help address unmet clinical and economic needs. Clinically, the hidden needle and ease-of-use compared to SC syringe pumps was deemed valuable to improve patient compliance and, as OBDS required minimal training, reduce the risk of administration errors. The flexibility to administer drugs at home (self-administration or HCP-administration) or in-clinic was identified as the most impactful attribute on coverage decision making as it has the greatest potential to reduce costs associated with HCP administration for several therapeutic areas. CONCLUSIONS Given the ability to help address critical unmet needs for the patient and healthcare system, a large proportion of the payers stated that the novel OBDS would warrant a price premium versus the cost of the standalone SC vial and certainly over the IV counterpart. Future research to quantify the value that OBDS efficiencies could bring to healthcare delivery are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul Desai
- Medical Affairs, Enable Injections Inc, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Edmund Pezalla
- Enlightenment Bioconsult, Wethersfield, Connecticut, USA
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Bittner B, Munoz FJ, Odonoghue J, Ordonez JM, Schmidt J, Schmitt K, Stassen K. Disease-Agnostic Electronic Adherence Aid for Subcutaneous at-Home and Self-Administration Devices-The Lowest Common Denominator Based on a Cross-Indication Survey. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1310-1319. [PMID: 38751643 PMCID: PMC11091979 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The value of connected devices and health apps with features such as adherence trackers, dosing reminders, and remote communication tools for users and healthcare providers has been assessed to support home-based subcutaneous administration. A comprehensive survey was conducted with 605 participants, including users and caregivers, from eight countries. Medical conditions encompassed ankylosing spondylitis, asthma, cerebral palsy, cluster headaches, Crohn's disease, hemophilia, lupus, migraine, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, spasticity, spondyloarthritis, and ulcerative colitis. Utilizing a maximum difference scaling methodology, the survey gauged participant preferences regarding specific attributes and features of connected drug delivery devices. Irrespective of demographic factors like age, gender, nationality, or the specific medical condition, the device's ability to verify a successful injection stood out as universally valued. The second and third most valued attributes pertained to temperature-related indicators or warnings. These features do not necessitate the use of a connected device and can be integrated into existing autoinjector platforms. The survey findings support the development of a universal adherence tool for at-home subcutaneous dosing, independent of a specific medical condition. This tool may be gradually improved with disease-specific features. Once established as a platform, manufacturers can launch any subcutaneous medication and later integrate real-world evidence for enhanced educational, treatment, and diagnostic capabilities. This approach is crucial for advancing connected adherence tools in decentralized healthcare, aligning with user and healthcare system needs while translating scientific innovation into practical solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Bittner
- Global
Product Strategy, Product Optimization, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Javier Munoz
- Global
Product Strategy, Product Optimization, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | | | - Jose Manuel Ordonez
- Product
Development Clinical Operations, F. Hoffmann-La
Roche Ltd., Madrid 28042, Spain
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Global
Product Strategy, Product Optimization, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | | | - Katja Stassen
- Product
Development Medical Affairs, F. Hoffmann-La
Roche Ltd., Basel 4070, Switzerland
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Mallick R, Solomon G, Bassett P, Zhang X, Patel P, Lepeshkina O. Subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement therapy in patients with immunodeficiencies - impact of drug packaging and administration method on patient reported outcomes. BMC Immunol 2024; 25:18. [PMID: 38378441 PMCID: PMC10880328 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00608-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, the perspective of patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiency receiving subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) via introductory smaller size pre-filled syringes (PFS) or vials were compared. METHODS An online survey was conducted in Canada by the Association des Patients Immunodéficients du Québec (APIQ) (10/2020-03/2021). Survey questions included: reasons for choosing SCIg packaging and administration methods, training experiences, infusion characteristics, and switching methods. The survey captured structured patient-reported outcomes: treatment satisfaction and its sub-domains, symptom state, general health perception, and physical and mental function. Respondents using PFS were compared with vial users, overall and stratified by their administration method (pump or manual push). RESULTS Of the 132 total respondents, 66 respondents used vials, with 38 using a pump and 28 using manual push. PFS (5 and 10 mL sizes) were being used by 120 respondents, with 38 using a pump and 82 using manual push. PFS users were associated with a 17% lower median (interquartile range) SCIg dose (10 [8, 12] vs. 12 [9, 16] g/week, respectively), a significantly shorter infusion preparation time (15 [10, 20] vs. 15 [10, 30] mins, respectively), and a trend for shorter length of infusion (60 [35, 90] vs. 70 [48, 90] mins, respectively) compared with those on vials. Patient-reported treatment satisfaction scores were overall similar between vial and PFS users (including on the domains of effectiveness and convenience), except for a higher score for vials over PFS on the domain of global satisfaction (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Consistent with prescribing that reflects a recognition of less wastage, PFS users were associated with a significantly lower SCIg dose compared with vial users. PFS users were also associated with shorter pre-infusion times, reflecting simpler administration mechanics compared with vial users. Higher global satisfaction with treatment among vial users compared with PFS users was consistent with users being limited to smaller PFS size options in Canada during the study period. Patient experience on PFS is expected to improve with the introduction of larger PFS sizes. Overall, treatment satisfaction for SCIg remains consistently high with the introduction of PFS packaging compared with vials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mallick
- CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA, USA.
| | - G Solomon
- Association des Patients Immunodeficients du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - P Bassett
- Meridian HealthComms Ltd, Manchester, UK
| | - X Zhang
- CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - P Patel
- Formerly of CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - O Lepeshkina
- Centre hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Conti F, Moratti M, Leonardi L, Catelli A, Bortolamedi E, Filice E, Fetta A, Fabi M, Facchini E, Cantarini ME, Miniaci A, Cordelli DM, Lanari M, Pession A, Zama D. Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effect of High-Dose Immunoglobulins in Children: From Approved Indications to Off-Label Use. Cells 2023; 12:2417. [PMID: 37830631 PMCID: PMC10572613 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The large-scale utilization of immunoglobulins in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) since 1952 prompted the discovery of their key role at high doses as immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory therapy, in the treatment of IEI-related immune dysregulation disorders, according to labelled and off-label indications. Recent years have been dominated by a progressive imbalance between the gradual but constant increase in the use of immunoglobulins and their availability, exacerbated by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. OBJECTIVES To provide pragmatic indications for a need-based application of high-dose immunoglobulins in the pediatric context. SOURCES A literature search was performed using PubMed, from inception until 1st August 2023, including the following keywords: anti-inflammatory; children; high dose gammaglobulin; high dose immunoglobulin; immune dysregulation; immunomodulation; immunomodulatory; inflammation; intravenous gammaglobulin; intravenous immunoglobulin; off-label; pediatric; subcutaneous gammaglobulin; subcutaneous immunoglobulin. All article types were considered. IMPLICATIONS In the light of the current imbalance between gammaglobulins' demand and availability, this review advocates the urgency of a more conscious utilization of this medical product, giving indications about benefits, risks, cost-effectiveness, and administration routes of high-dose immunoglobulins in children with hematologic, neurologic, and inflammatory immune dysregulation disorders, prompting further research towards a responsible employment of gammaglobulins and improving the therapeutical decisional process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Conti
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.C.); (A.M.); (A.P.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (D.M.C.); (M.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Mattia Moratti
- Specialty School of Paediatrics, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Lucia Leonardi
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Arianna Catelli
- Specialty School of Paediatrics, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Elisa Bortolamedi
- Specialty School of Paediatrics, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Emanuele Filice
- Department of Pediatrics, Maggiore Hospital, 40133 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Anna Fetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (D.M.C.); (M.L.); (D.Z.)
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Neuropsichiatria dell’Età Pediatrica, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Fabi
- Paediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Elena Facchini
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit “Lalla Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (E.F.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Maria Elena Cantarini
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit “Lalla Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (E.F.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Angela Miniaci
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.C.); (A.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Duccio Maria Cordelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (D.M.C.); (M.L.); (D.Z.)
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Neuropsichiatria dell’Età Pediatrica, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Lanari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (D.M.C.); (M.L.); (D.Z.)
- Paediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.C.); (A.M.); (A.P.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (D.M.C.); (M.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Daniele Zama
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (D.M.C.); (M.L.); (D.Z.)
- Paediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
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Boyle T, Zaragoza R, Li J, Cvetanovski V, Weaver P, Hoyle P, Venkatesha V, Fernando SL. A retrospective review of immunology patients with primary and/or secondary immunodeficiency, demonstrating the benefits of the rapid transitioning from intravenous immunoglobulin to subcutaneous immunoglobulin at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Intern Med J 2023; 53:1256-1260. [PMID: 37092797 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Forty-four of 50 immunology patients with primary or secondary immunodeficiency receiving intravenous immunoglobulin at a hospital in New South Wales, Australia, were rapidly enrolled in the subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) programme at the onset of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Health and economic outcomes demonstrated that SCIg provides clinical efficacy as evidenced by the number of infections and maintenance of IgG levels, and also facilitates cost reduction in immunoglobulin maintenance programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Boyle
- Clinical Immunology Department, Level 3, ASB, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Immunology Laboratory, Level 5, ASB, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Reina Zaragoza
- Clinical Immunology Department, Level 3, ASB, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jamma Li
- Clinical Immunology Department, Level 3, ASB, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Immunology Laboratory, Level 5, ASB, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vera Cvetanovski
- Clinical Immunology Department, Level 3, ASB, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillippa Weaver
- Patient Safety and Quality Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip Hoyle
- School of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Medical Services, ASB, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Suran L Fernando
- Clinical Immunology Department, Level 3, ASB, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Immunology Laboratory, Level 5, ASB, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Więsik-Szewczyk E, Ziętkiewicz M, Radziwilska-Muc A, Jahnz-Różyk K. Increased Access to Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy for Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency in Poland Based on Clinical Usage Data of Immunoglobulin G over a 5-Year Period. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062431. [PMID: 36983431 PMCID: PMC10059916 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the rising popularity and demand for immunoglobulins (IgG), obtaining supplies and rationalizing IgG use have become challenging. Herein, IgG consumption in Poland was analyzed through total IgG use and number of patients reported to the National Health Fund between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2020. Total IgG used within 5 years increased by 27.48%, IgG use/1000 inhabitants/year was 23.13 g (2016) and 29.61 g (2020). In 2020, 35.5 % of IgG used was for neurological conditions, 25% for primary immunodeficiencies (PID), and 39.3% for all other indications. Within 5 years, 1,121,168.75 g IgG was used in PID; the use increased by 72%, from 783 in 2016 to 1153 patients in 2020. The proportion of patients who received subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) replacement therapy (IgRT) increased to 78% (2020). Within 5 years, 1,783,534.81 g IgG was used in neurological drug programs (+42.44%) and 2,327,513.88 g (+1.25%) outside neurological indications and outside PID. The annual IgG amount decreased in adult anesthesiology and intensive care (-46%), internal medicine (-55%), pneumonology (-50%), pediatric clinical immunology (-50%), and gynecology and obstetrics (-48%) and increased in dermatology (+178%), rheumatology (+103%), and clinical transplantation (+82%). IgG use significantly increased in Poland, mostly owing to PID. Subcutaneous IgG administration is currently the most common mode of IgRT in PID patients. An increase in SCIG administration may be expected for other indications. Implementing evidence-based clinical guidelines is key to prioritizing and rationalizing IgG use for immunomodulatory indications and secondary immune deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Więsik-Szewczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defense, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-349 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ziętkiewicz
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Radziwilska-Muc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defense, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-349 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karina Jahnz-Różyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defense, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-349 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Kan AKC, Leung GMK, Chiang V, Au EYL, Lau CS, Li PH. Ten-year population trends of immunoglobulin use, burden of adult antibody deficiency and feasibility of subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) replacement in Hong Kong Chinese. Front Immunol 2022; 13:984110. [PMID: 36591300 PMCID: PMC9795180 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.984110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adult antibody deficiency remains under-recognised and under-studied - especially among Asian populations. Patterns of immunoglobulin use and the feasibility of subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) replacement among Chinese patients remains unclear. Objective To investigate the trends of immunoglobulin use, burden of adult antibody deficiency and the outcomes of patients on SCIg compared to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) replacement in Hong Kong through a retrospective observational study. Methods Population-wide data of immunoglobulin recipients in Hong Kong between 2012 and 2021, and longitudinal clinical data of adult immunodeficiency patients at Queen Mary Hospital were collected and analysed. Results Total immunoglobulin consumption and recurrent immunoglobulin recipients increased continuously from 175,512g to 298,514g (ρ=0.99, p<0.001) and 886 to 1,508 (ρ=0.89, p=0.001) between 2012-21 in Hong Kong. Among 469 immunoglobulin recipients at Queen Mary Hospital in 2021, 344 (73.3%) were indicated for replacement. Compared to those on IVIg (n=14), patients on SCIg replacement (n=8) had fewer immunodeficiency-related hospitalisations (IRR=0.11) and shorter duration of hospitalisation stay (IRR=0.10) per year, as well as better quality of life (SF-36v2 Health Survey and Life Quality Index). Estimated annual healthcare cost of SCIg replacement per patient was lower than that of IVIg (HKD196,850 [USD25,096] vs HKD222,136 [USD28,319]). Conclusion There was a significantly increasing burden of adult antibody deficiency and immunoglobulin consumption in Hong Kong. SCIg was feasible and more cost-effective when compared to IVIg, with SCIg patients experiencing better clinical outcomes and quality of life. Future prospective studies to confirm the long-term efficacy and superiority of SCIg are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Ka Chun Kan
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Garret Man Kit Leung
- Division of Haematology, Medical Oncology and Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Valerie Chiang
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elaine Yuen Ling Au
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chak Sing Lau
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Philip Hei Li
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Philip Hei Li,
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