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Wei F, Xu X, Zhang C, Liao Y, Ji B, Wang N. Stress fiber anisotropy contributes to force-mode dependent chromatin stretching and gene upregulation in living cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4902. [PMID: 32994402 PMCID: PMC7524734 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Living cells and tissues experience various complex modes of forces that are important in physiology and disease. However, how different force modes impact gene expression is elusive. Here we apply local forces of different modes via a magnetic bead bound to the integrins on a cell and quantified cell stiffness, chromatin deformation, and DHFR (dihydrofolate reductase) gene transcription. In-plane stresses result in lower cell stiffness than out-of-plane stresses that lead to bead rolling along the cell long axis (i.e., alignment of actin stress fibers) or at different angles (90° or 45°). However, chromatin stretching and ensuing DHFR gene upregulation by the in-plane mode are similar to those induced by the 45° stress mode. Disrupting stress fibers abolishes differences in cell stiffness, chromatin stretching, and DHFR gene upregulation under different force modes and inhibiting myosin II decreases cell stiffness, chromatin deformation, and gene upregulation. Theoretical modeling using discrete anisotropic stress fibers recapitulates experimental results and reveals underlying mechanisms of force-mode dependence. Our findings suggest that forces impact biological responses of living cells such as gene transcription via previously underappreciated means. Living cells and tissues experience various complex modes of forces but how different force modes impact gene expression is elusive. Here authors apply forces via magnetic beads to integrins on a cell surface and observe force-mode dependent chromatin stretching and gene upregulation in cells and identify underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiang Wei
- Laboratory for Cellular Biomechanics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Cunyu Zhang
- Laboratory for Cellular Biomechanics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yawen Liao
- Laboratory for Cellular Biomechanics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Baohua Ji
- Biomechanics and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Huang H, Dai C, Shen H, Gu M, Wang Y, Liu J, Chen L, Sun L. Recent Advances on the Model, Measurement Technique, and Application of Single Cell Mechanics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6248. [PMID: 32872378 PMCID: PMC7504142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the cell was discovered by humans, it has been an important research subject for researchers. The mechanical response of cells to external stimuli and the biomechanical response inside cells are of great significance for maintaining the life activities of cells. These biomechanical behaviors have wide applications in the fields of disease research and micromanipulation. In order to study the mechanical behavior of single cells, various cell mechanics models have been proposed. In addition, the measurement technologies of single cells have been greatly developed. These models, combined with experimental techniques, can effectively explain the biomechanical behavior and reaction mechanism of cells. In this review, we first introduce the basic concept and biomechanical background of cells, then summarize the research progress of internal force models and experimental techniques in the field of cell mechanics and discuss the latest mechanical models and experimental methods. We summarize the application directions of cell mechanics and put forward the future perspectives of a cell mechanics model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jizhu Liu
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Robotics, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (H.H.); (C.D.); (H.S.); (M.G.); (Y.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Liguo Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Robotics, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (H.H.); (C.D.); (H.S.); (M.G.); (Y.W.); (L.S.)
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3
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Angely C, Ladant D, Planus E, Louis B, Filoche M, Chenal A, Isabey D. Functional and structural consequences of epithelial cell invasion by Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228606. [PMID: 32392246 PMCID: PMC7213728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whopping cough, produces an adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) that plays a key role in the host colonization by targeting innate immune cells which express CD11b/CD18, the cellular receptor of CyaA. CyaA is also able to invade non-phagocytic cells, via a unique entry pathway consisting in a direct translocation of its catalytic domain across the cytoplasmic membrane of the cells. Within the cells, CyaA is activated by calmodulin to produce high levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and alter cellular physiology. In this study, we explored the effects of CyaA toxin on the cellular and molecular structure remodeling of A549 alveolar epithelial cells. Using classical imaging techniques, biochemical and functional tests, as well as advanced cell mechanics method, we quantify the structural and functional consequences of the massive increase of intracellular cyclic AMP induced by the toxin: cell shape rounding associated to adhesion weakening process, actin structure remodeling for the cortical and dense components, increase in cytoskeleton stiffness, and inhibition of migration and repair. We also show that, at low concentrations (0.5 nM), CyaA could significantly impair the migration and wound healing capacities of the intoxicated alveolar epithelial cells. As such concentrations might be reached locally during B. pertussis infection, our results suggest that the CyaA, beyond its major role in disabling innate immune cells, might also contribute to the local alteration of the epithelial barrier of the respiratory tract, a hallmark of pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Angely
- Equipe 13, Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire, Inserm U955, Créteil, France
- UMR 955, UPEC, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- ERL 7000, CNRS, Créteil, France
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires (CNRS UMR 3528), Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Planus
- Institut pour l’Avancée des Biosciences (IAB), Centre de Recherche UGA/ Inserm U1209 / CNRS UMR 5309, La Tronche, France
| | - Bruno Louis
- Equipe 13, Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire, Inserm U955, Créteil, France
- UMR 955, UPEC, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- ERL 7000, CNRS, Créteil, France
| | - Marcel Filoche
- Equipe 13, Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire, Inserm U955, Créteil, France
- UMR 955, UPEC, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- ERL 7000, CNRS, Créteil, France
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Alexandre Chenal
- Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires (CNRS UMR 3528), Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Isabey
- Equipe 13, Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire, Inserm U955, Créteil, France
- UMR 955, UPEC, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- ERL 7000, CNRS, Créteil, France
- * E-mail:
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André Dias S, Planus E, Angely C, Lotteau L, Tissier R, Filoche M, Louis B, Pelle G, Isabey D. Perfluorocarbon induces alveolar epithelial cell response through structural and mechanical remodeling. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2018; 17:961-973. [PMID: 29450740 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-018-1005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
During total liquid ventilation, lung cells are exposed to perfluorocarbon (PFC) whose chemophysical properties highly differ from standard aqueous cell feeding medium (DMEM). We herein perform a systematic study of structural and mechanical properties of A549 alveolar epithelial cells in order to characterize their response to PFC exposure, using DMEM as control condition. Changes in F-actin structure, focal adhesion density and glycocalyx distribution are evaluated by confocal fluorescent microscopy. Changes in cell mechanics and adhesion are measured by multiscale magnetic twisting cytometry (MTC). Two different microrheological models (single Voigt and power law) are used to analyze the cell mechanics characterized by cytoskeleton (CSK) stiffness and characteristic relaxation times. Cell-matrix adhesion is analyzed using a stochastic multibond deadhesion model taking into account the non-reversible character of the cell response, allowing us to quantify the adhesion weakness and the number of associated bonds. The roles of F-actin structure and glycocalyx layer are evaluated by depolymerizing F-actin and degrading glycocalyx, respectively. Results show that PFC exposure consistently induces F-actin remodeling, CSK softening and adhesion weakening. These results demonstrate that PFC triggers an alveolar epithelial cell response herein evidenced by a decay in intracellular CSK tension, an adhesion weakening and a glycocalyx layer redistribution. These PFC-induced cell adjustments are consistent with the hypothesis that cells respond to a decrease in adhesion energy at cell surface. This adhesion energy can be even further reduced in the presence of surfactant adsorbed at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia André Dias
- Inserm, IMRB, U955, Équipe 13, Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire, Université Paris Est, UMR S955, UPEC, CNRS, ERL 7000, 8, rue du Général Sarrail, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France.,Bertin Technologies, 78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Emmanuelle Planus
- Centre de Recherche, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Christelle Angely
- Inserm, IMRB, U955, Équipe 13, Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire, Université Paris Est, UMR S955, UPEC, CNRS, ERL 7000, 8, rue du Général Sarrail, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Luc Lotteau
- Bertin Technologies, 78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Renaud Tissier
- Inserm, IMRB, U955, Equipe 03, Université Paris Est, UMRS955, UPEC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marcel Filoche
- Inserm, IMRB, U955, Équipe 13, Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire, Université Paris Est, UMR S955, UPEC, CNRS, ERL 7000, 8, rue du Général Sarrail, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France.,Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Bruno Louis
- Inserm, IMRB, U955, Équipe 13, Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire, Université Paris Est, UMR S955, UPEC, CNRS, ERL 7000, 8, rue du Général Sarrail, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Gabriel Pelle
- Inserm, IMRB, U955, Équipe 13, Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire, Université Paris Est, UMR S955, UPEC, CNRS, ERL 7000, 8, rue du Général Sarrail, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France.,APHP, Groupe Hospitalier H. Mondor A. Chenevier, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, 51, Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Isabey
- Inserm, IMRB, U955, Équipe 13, Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire, Université Paris Est, UMR S955, UPEC, CNRS, ERL 7000, 8, rue du Général Sarrail, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France.
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5
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Mazuel F, Mathieu S, Di Corato R, Bacri JC, Meylheuc T, Pellegrino T, Reffay M, Wilhelm C. Forced- and Self-Rotation of Magnetic Nanorods Assembly at the Cell Membrane: A Biomagnetic Torsion Pendulum. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701274. [PMID: 28660724 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to provide insight into how anisotropic nano-objects interact with living cell membranes, and possibly self-assemble, magnetic nanorods with an average size of around 100 nm × 1 µm are designed by assembling iron oxide nanocubes within a polymeric matrix under a magnetic field. The nano-bio interface at the cell membrane under the influence of a rotating magnetic field is then explored. A complex structuration of the nanorods intertwined with the membranes is observed. Unexpectedly, after a magnetic rotating stimulation, the resulting macrorods are able to rotate freely for multiple rotations, revealing the creation of a biomagnetic torsion pendulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Mazuel
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, Paris Cedex 05, 75205, France
| | - Samuel Mathieu
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, Paris Cedex 05, 75205, France
| | - Riccardo Di Corato
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, Paris Cedex 05, 75205, France
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Via Arnesano, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Jean-Claude Bacri
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, Paris Cedex 05, 75205, France
| | - Thierry Meylheuc
- Micalis Institute INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Myriam Reffay
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, Paris Cedex 05, 75205, France
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, Paris Cedex 05, 75205, France
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6
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Nguyen NM, Angely C, Andre Dias S, Planus E, Filoche M, Pelle G, Louis B, Isabey D. Characterisation of cellular adhesion reinforcement by multiple bond force spectroscopy in alveolar epithelial cells. Biol Cell 2017; 109:255-272. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201600080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Minh Nguyen
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
| | - Christelle Angely
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
| | - Sofia Andre Dias
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
| | - Emmanuelle Planus
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB); Centre de Recherche UGA/Inserm U1209/CNRS UMR 5309; La Tronche 38700 France
| | - Marcel Filoche
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée; Ecole Polytechnique; CNRS; Université Paris Saclay; Palaiseau 91128 France
| | - Gabriel Pelle
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- AP-HP; Groupe Hospitalier H. Mondor - A. Chenevier; Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
| | - Bruno Louis
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
| | - Daniel Isabey
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
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