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Zeng W, Hume DR, Lu Y, Fitzpatrick CK, Babcock C, Myers CA, Rullkoetter PJ, Shelburne KB. Modeling of active skeletal muscles: a 3D continuum approach incorporating multiple muscle interactions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1153692. [PMID: 37274172 PMCID: PMC10234509 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1153692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles have a highly organized hierarchical structure, whose main function is to generate forces for movement and stability. To understand the complex heterogeneous behaviors of muscles, computational modeling has advanced as a non-invasive approach to evaluate relevant mechanical quantities. Aiming to improve musculoskeletal predictions, this paper presents a framework for modeling 3D deformable muscles that includes continuum constitutive representation, parametric determination, model validation, fiber distribution estimation, and integration of multiple muscles into a system level for joint motion simulation. The passive and active muscle properties were modeled based on the strain energy approach with Hill-type hyperelastic constitutive laws. A parametric study was conducted to validate the model using experimental datasets of passive and active rabbit leg muscles. The active muscle model with calibrated material parameters was then implemented to simulate knee bending during a squat with multiple quadriceps muscles. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) fiber simulation approach was utilized to estimate the fiber arrangements for each muscle, and a cohesive contact approach was applied to simulate the interactions among muscles. The single muscle simulation results showed that both passive and active muscle elongation responses matched the range of the testing data. The dynamic simulation of knee flexion and extension showed the predictive capability of the model for estimating the active quadriceps responses, which indicates that the presented modeling pipeline is effective and stable for simulating multiple muscle configurations. This work provided an effective framework of a 3D continuum muscle model for complex muscle behavior simulation, which will facilitate additional computational and experimental studies of skeletal muscle mechanics. This study will offer valuable insight into the future development of multiscale neuromuscular models and applications of these models to a wide variety of relevant areas such as biomechanics and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zeng
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, New York Institute of Technology, New York, NY, United States
| | - Donald R. Hume
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Yongtao Lu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Clare K. Fitzpatrick
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Colton Babcock
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Casey A. Myers
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Paul J. Rullkoetter
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Kevin B. Shelburne
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
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Lamsfuss J, Bargmann S. Computational modeling of damage in the hierarchical microstructure of skeletal muscles. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 134:105386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Weidner S, Tomalka A, Rode C, Siebert T. How velocity impacts eccentric force generation of fully activated skinned skeletal muscle fibers in long stretches. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:223-233. [PMID: 35652830 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00735.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Eccentric muscle contractions are fundamental to everyday life. They occur markedly in jumping, running, and accidents. Following an initial force rise, stretching of a fully activated muscle can result in a phase of decreasing force ('Give') followed by force redevelopment. However, how the stretch velocity affects 'Give' and force redevelopment remains largely unknown. We investigated the force produced by fully activated single skinned fibers of rat extensor digitorum longus muscles during long stretches. Fibers were pulled from length .85 to 1.3 optimal fiber length at a rate of 1, 10 and 100% of the estimated maximum shortening velocity. 'Give' was absent in slow stretches. Medium and fast stretches yielded a clear 'Give'. After the initial force peak, forces decreased by 11.2% and 27.8% relative to the initial peak force before rising again. During the last half of the stretch (from 1.07 to 1.3 optimal fiber length, which is within the range of the expected descending limb of the force-length relationship), the linear force slope tripled from slow to medium stretch and increased further by 60% from medium to fast stretch. These results are compatible with forcible cross-bridge detachment and re-development of a cross-bridge distribution, and a viscoelastic titin contribution to fiber force. Accounting for these results can improve muscle models and predictions of multi-body simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Weidner
- nstitute of Sport and Movement Science, Department of Motion and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - André Tomalka
- nstitute of Sport and Movement Science, Department of Motion and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Rode
- nstitute of Sport Science, Department of Biomechanics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tobias Siebert
- nstitute of Sport and Movement Science, Department of Motion and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Center of Simulation Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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4
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Klotz T, Gizzi L, Röhrle O. Investigating the spatial resolution of EMG and MMG based on a systemic multi-scale model. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2022; 21:983-997. [PMID: 35441905 PMCID: PMC9132853 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
While electromyography (EMG) and magnetomyography (MMG) are both methods to measure the electrical activity of skeletal muscles, no systematic comparison between both signals exists. Within this work, we propose a novel in silico model for EMG and MMG and test the hypothesis that MMG surpasses EMG in terms of spatial selectivity, i.e. the ability to distinguish spatially shifted sources. The results show that MMG provides a slightly better spatial selectivity than EMG when recorded directly on the muscle surface. However, there is a remarkable difference in spatial selectivity for non-invasive surface measurements. The spatial selectivity of the MMG components aligned with the muscle fibres and normal to the body surface outperforms the spatial selectivity of surface EMG. Particularly, for the MMG’s normal-to-the-surface component the influence of subcutaneous fat is minimal. Further, for the first time, we analyse the contribution of different structural components, i.e. muscle fibres from different motor units and the extracellular space, to the measurable biomagnetic field. Notably, the simulations show that for the normal-to-the-surface MMG component, the contribution from volume currents in the extracellular space and in surrounding inactive tissues, is negligible. Further, our model predicts a surprisingly high contribution of the passive muscle fibres to the observable magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Klotz
- Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, Pfaffenwaldring 5a, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Centre for Simulation Science (SimTech), Pfaffenwaldring 5a, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Leonardo Gizzi
- Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, Pfaffenwaldring 5a, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Centre for Simulation Science (SimTech), Pfaffenwaldring 5a, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Oliver Röhrle
- Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, Pfaffenwaldring 5a, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Centre for Simulation Science (SimTech), Pfaffenwaldring 5a, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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5
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Klotz T, Bleiler C, Röhrle O. A Physiology-Guided Classification of Active-Stress and Active-Strain Approaches for Continuum-Mechanical Modeling of Skeletal Muscle Tissue. Front Physiol 2021; 12:685531. [PMID: 34408657 PMCID: PMC8365610 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.685531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-established sliding filament and cross-bridge theory explain the major biophysical mechanism responsible for a skeletal muscle's active behavior on a cellular level. However, the biomechanical function of skeletal muscles on the tissue scale, which is caused by the complex interplay of muscle fibers and extracellular connective tissue, is much less understood. Mathematical models provide one possibility to investigate physiological hypotheses. Continuum-mechanical models have hereby proven themselves to be very suitable to study the biomechanical behavior of whole muscles or entire limbs. Existing continuum-mechanical skeletal muscle models use either an active-stress or an active-strain approach to phenomenologically describe the mechanical behavior of active contractions. While any macroscopic constitutive model can be judged by it's ability to accurately replicate experimental data, the evaluation of muscle-specific material descriptions is difficult as suitable data is, unfortunately, currently not available. Thus, the discussions become more philosophical rather than following rigid methodological criteria. Within this work, we provide a extensive discussion on the underlying modeling assumptions of both the active-stress and the active-strain approach in the context of existing hypotheses of skeletal muscle physiology. We conclude that the active-stress approach resolves an idealized tissue transmitting active stresses through an independent pathway. In contrast, the active-strain approach reflects an idealized tissue employing an indirect, coupled pathway for active stress transmission. Finally the physiological hypothesis that skeletal muscles exhibit redundant pathways of intramuscular stress transmission represents the basis for considering a mixed-active-stress-active-strain constitutive framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Klotz
- Chair for Continuum Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Center for Simulation Sciences (SC SimTech), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Bleiler
- Chair for Continuum Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Center for Simulation Sciences (SC SimTech), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Oliver Röhrle
- Chair for Continuum Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Center for Simulation Sciences (SC SimTech), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Tomalka A, Weidner S, Hahn D, Seiberl W, Siebert T. Power Amplification Increases With Contraction Velocity During Stretch-Shortening Cycles of Skinned Muscle Fibers. Front Physiol 2021; 12:644981. [PMID: 33868012 PMCID: PMC8044407 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.644981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle force, work, and power output during concentric contractions (active muscle shortening) are increased immediately following an eccentric contraction (active muscle lengthening). This increase in performance is known as the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC)-effect. Recent findings demonstrate that the SSC-effect is present in the sarcomere itself. More recently, it has been suggested that cross-bridge (XB) kinetics and non-cross-bridge (non-XB) structures (e.g., titin and nebulin) contribute to the SSC-effect. As XBs and non-XB structures are characterized by a velocity dependence, we investigated the impact of stretch-shortening velocity on the SSC-effect. Accordingly, we performed in vitro isovelocity ramp experiments with varying ramp velocities (30, 60, and 85% of maximum contraction velocity for both stretch and shortening) and constant stretch-shortening magnitudes (17% of the optimum sarcomere length) using single skinned fibers of rat soleus muscles. The different contributions of XB and non-XB structures to force production were identified using the XB-inhibitor Blebbistatin. We show that (i) the SSC-effect is velocity-dependent-since the power output increases with increasing SSC-velocity. (ii) The energy recovery (ratio of elastic energy storage and release in the SSC) is higher in the Blebbistatin condition compared with the control condition. The stored and released energy in the Blebbistatin condition can be explained by the viscoelastic properties of the non-XB structure titin. Consequently, our experimental findings suggest that the energy stored in titin during the eccentric phase contributes to the SSC-effect in a velocity-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Tomalka
- Department of Motion and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sven Weidner
- Department of Motion and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daniel Hahn
- Human Movement Science, Faculty of Sports Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Seiberl
- Human Movement Science, Bundeswehr University Munich, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Siebert
- Department of Motion and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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7
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Gizzi L, Yavuz UŞ, Hillerkuss D, Geri T, Gneiting E, Domeier F, Schmitt S, Röhrle O. Variations in Muscle Activity and Exerted Torque During Temporary Blood Flow Restriction in Healthy Individuals. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:557761. [PMID: 33816445 PMCID: PMC8017222 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.557761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that transitory blood flow restriction (BFR) may improve the outcomes of training from anatomical (hypertrophy) and neural control perspectives. Whilst the chronic consequences of BFR on local metabolism and tissue adaptation have been extensively investigated, its acute effects on motor control are not yet fully understood. In this study, we compared the neuromechanical effects of continuous BFR against non-restricted circulation (atmospheric pressure—AP), during isometric elbow flexions. BFR was achieved applying external pressure either between systolic and diastolic (lower pressure—LP) or 1.3 times the systolic pressure (higher pressure—HP). Three levels of torque (15, 30, and 50% of the maximal voluntary contraction—MVC) were combined with the three levels of pressure for a total of 9 (randomized) test cases. Each condition was repeated 3 times. The protocol was administered to 12 healthy young adults. Neuromechanical measurements (torque and high-density electromyography—HDEMG) and reported discomfort were used to investigate the response of the central nervous system to BFR. The investigated variables were: root mean square (RMS), and area under the curve in the frequency domain—for the torque, and average RMS, median frequency and average muscle fibres conduction velocity—for the EMG. The discomfort caused by BFR was exacerbated by the level of torque and accumulated over time. The torque RMS value did not change across conditions and repetitions. Its spectral content, however, revealed a decrease in power at the tremor band (alpha-band, 5–15 Hz) which was enhanced by the level of pressure and the repetition number. The EMG amplitude showed no differences whilst the median frequency and the conduction velocity decreased over time and across trials, but only for the highest levels of torque and pressure. Taken together, our results show strong yet transitory effects of BFR that are compatible with a motor neuron pool inhibition caused by increased activity of type III and IV afferences, and a decreased activity of spindle afferents. We speculate that a compensation of the central drive may be necessary to maintain the mechanical output unchanged, despite disturbances in the afferent volley to the motor neuron pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Gizzi
- Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, Chair for Continuum Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Utku Ş Yavuz
- Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Dominic Hillerkuss
- Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, Chair for Continuum Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tommaso Geri
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Gneiting
- Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, Chair for Continuum Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franziska Domeier
- Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, Chair for Continuum Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Syn Schmitt
- Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, Chair for Computational Biophysics and Biorobotics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Center for Simulation Technology (SC SimTech), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Oliver Röhrle
- Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, Chair for Continuum Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Center for Simulation Technology (SC SimTech), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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8
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Chapman ND, Whitting JW, Broadbent S, Crowley-McHattan ZJ, Meir R. Residual Force Enhancement Is Present in Consecutive Post-Stretch Isometric Contractions of the Hamstrings during a Training Simulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1154. [PMID: 33525530 PMCID: PMC7908171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Residual force enhancement (rFE) is observed when isometric force following an active stretch is elevated compared to an isometric contraction at corresponding muscle lengths. Acute rFE has been confirmed in vivo in upper and lower limb muscles. However, it is uncertain whether rFE persists using multiple, consecutive contractions as per a training simulation. Using the knee flexors, 10 recreationally active participants (seven males, three females; age 31.00 years ± 8.43 years) performed baseline isometric contractions at 150° knee flexion (180° representing terminal knee extension) of 50% maximal voluntary activation of semitendinosus. Participants performed post-stretch isometric (PS-ISO) contractions (three sets of 10 repetitions) starting at 90° knee extension with a joint rotation of 60° at 60°·s-1 at 50% maximal voluntary activation of semitendinosus. Baseline isometric torque and muscle activation were compared to PS-ISO torque and muscle activation across all 30 repetitions. Significant rFE was noted in all repetitions (37.8-77.74%), with no difference in torque between repetitions or sets. There was no difference in activation of semitendinosus or biceps femoris long-head between baseline and PS-ISO contractions in all repetitions (ST; baseline ISO = 0.095-1.000 ± 0.036-0.039 Mv, PS-ISO = 0.094-0.098 ± 0.033-0.038 and BFlh; baseline ISO = 0.068-0.075 ± 0.031-0.038 Mv). This is the first investigation to observe rFE during multiple, consecutive submaximal PS-ISO contractions. PS-ISO contractions have the potential to be used as a training stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D. Chapman
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (J.W.W.); (S.B.); (Z.J.C.-M.); (R.M.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4229, Australia
| | - John W. Whitting
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (J.W.W.); (S.B.); (Z.J.C.-M.); (R.M.)
| | - Suzanne Broadbent
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (J.W.W.); (S.B.); (Z.J.C.-M.); (R.M.)
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Zachary J. Crowley-McHattan
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (J.W.W.); (S.B.); (Z.J.C.-M.); (R.M.)
| | - Rudi Meir
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (J.W.W.); (S.B.); (Z.J.C.-M.); (R.M.)
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Hinks A, Davidson B, Akagi R, Power GA. Influence of isometric training at short and long muscle‐tendon unit lengths on the history dependence of force. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 31:325-338. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avery Hinks
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences College of Biological Sciences University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
| | - Brooke Davidson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences College of Biological Sciences University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
| | - Ryota Akagi
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences College of Biological Sciences University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
- College of Systems Engineering and Science Shibaura Institute of Technology Saitama Japan
| | - Geoffrey A. Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences College of Biological Sciences University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
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10
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WANG MONAN, HAN JIALIN, YANG QIYOU. MODELING AND SIMULATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE BASED ON METABOLISM PHYSIOLOGY. J MECH MED BIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519420400187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle energy metabolism plays a very important role in controlling movement of the whole body and has important theoretical guidance for making exercise training plans and losing weight. In this paper, we developed a mathematical model of skeletal muscle excitation–contraction pathway based on the energy metabolism that links excitation to contraction to explore the effects of different metabolic energy systems on calcium ion changes and the force during skeletal muscle contraction. In this paper, a membrane potential model, a calcium cycle model, a cross-bridge dynamics model and an energy metabolism model were established. Finally, the physiological phenomenon of calcium ion transport and calcium ion concentration change of the sarcoplasm was simulated. The results show that the phosphagen system has the fastest metabolic rate and the phosphagen system has the largest impact on the explosive power of skeletal muscle exercise. The specific characteristics of the three metabolic energy systems supporting skeletal muscle movement in vivo were also analyzed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- MONAN WANG
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics and Materials of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P. R. China
| | - JIALIN HAN
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics and Materials of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P. R. China
| | - QIYOU YANG
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics and Materials of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P. R. China
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11
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Schmid L, Klotz T, Siebert T, Röhrle O. Characterization of Electromechanical Delay Based on a Biophysical Multi-Scale Skeletal Muscle Model. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1270. [PMID: 31649554 PMCID: PMC6795131 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles can be voluntary controlled by the somatic nervous system yielding an active contractile stress response. Thereby, the active muscle stresses are transmitted to the skeleton by a cascade of connective tissue and thus enable motion. In the context of joint perturbations as well as the assessment of the complexity of neural control, the initial phase of the muscle-tendon system's stress response has a particular importance and is analyzed by means of electromechanical delay (EMD). EMD is defined as the time lag between the stimulation of a muscle and a measurable change in force output. While EMD is believed to depend on multiple structures / phenomena, it is hard to separate their contributions experimentally. We employ a physiologically detailed, three-dimensional, multi-scale model of an idealized muscle-tendon system to analyze the influence of (i) muscle and tendon length, (ii) the material behavior of skeletal muscle and tendon tissue, (iii) the chemo-electro-mechanical behavior of the muscle fibers and (iv) neural control on EMD. Comparisons with experimental data show that simulated EMD values are within the physiological range, i.e., between 6.1 and 68.6 ms, and that the model is able to reproduce the characteristic EMD-stretch curve, yielding the minimum EMD at optimal length. Simulating consecutive recruitment of motor units increases EMD by more than 20 ms, indicating that during voluntary contractions neural control is the dominant factor determining EMD. In contrast, the muscle fiber action potential conduction velocity is found to influence EMD even of a 27 cm long muscle by not more than 3.7 ms. We further demonstrate that in conditions where only little pre-stretch is applied to a muscle-tendon system, the mechanical behavior of both muscle and tendon tissue considerably impacts EMD. Predicting EMD for different muscle and tendon lengths indicates that the anatomy of a specific muscle-tendon system is optimized for its function, i.e., shorter tendon lengths are beneficial to minimize the neural control effort for muscles primary acting as motor in concentric contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schmid
- Chair for Continuum Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Klotz
- Chair for Continuum Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias Siebert
- Department of Motion and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport and Motion Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Oliver Röhrle
- Chair for Continuum Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Center for Simulation Sciences (SC SimTech), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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12
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Bleiler C, Ponte Castañeda P, Röhrle O. A microstructurally-based, multi-scale, continuum-mechanical model for the passive behaviour of skeletal muscle tissue. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 97:171-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Röhrle O, Yavuz UŞ, Klotz T, Negro F, Heidlauf T. Multiscale modeling of the neuromuscular system: Coupling neurophysiology and skeletal muscle mechanics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 11:e1457. [PMID: 31237041 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mathematical models and computer simulations have the great potential to substantially increase our understanding of the biophysical behavior of the neuromuscular system. This, however, requires detailed multiscale, and multiphysics models. Once validated, such models allow systematic in silico investigations that are not necessarily feasible within experiments and, therefore, have the ability to provide valuable insights into the complex interrelations within the healthy system and for pathological conditions. Most of the existing models focus on individual parts of the neuromuscular system and do not consider the neuromuscular system as an integrated physiological system. Hence, the aim of this advanced review is to facilitate the prospective development of detailed biophysical models of the entire neuromuscular system. For this purpose, this review is subdivided into three parts. The first part introduces the key anatomical and physiological aspects of the healthy neuromuscular system necessary for modeling the neuromuscular system. The second part provides an overview on state-of-the-art modeling approaches representing all major components of the neuromuscular system on different time and length scales. Within the last part, a specific multiscale neuromuscular system model is introduced. The integrated system model combines existing models of the motor neuron pool, of the sensory system and of a multiscale model describing the mechanical behavior of skeletal muscles. Since many sub-models are based on strictly biophysical modeling approaches, it closely represents the underlying physiological system and thus could be employed as starting point for further improvements and future developments. This article is categorized under: Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Röhrle
- Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Center for Simulation Sciences (SC SimTech), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Utku Ş Yavuz
- Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Biomedical Signals and Systems, Universiteit Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Klotz
- Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Center for Simulation Sciences (SC SimTech), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Francesco Negro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Universià degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Thomas Heidlauf
- EPS5 - Simulation and System Analysis, Hofer pdc GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany
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14
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On a three-dimensional constitutive model for history effects in skeletal muscles. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 18:1665-1681. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Bradley CP, Emamy N, Ertl T, Göddeke D, Hessenthaler A, Klotz T, Krämer A, Krone M, Maier B, Mehl M, Rau T, Röhrle O. Enabling Detailed, Biophysics-Based Skeletal Muscle Models on HPC Systems. Front Physiol 2018; 9:816. [PMID: 30050446 PMCID: PMC6052132 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Realistic simulations of detailed, biophysics-based, multi-scale models often require very high resolution and, thus, large-scale compute facilities. Existing simulation environments, especially for biomedical applications, are typically designed to allow for high flexibility and generality in model development. Flexibility and model development, however, are often a limiting factor for large-scale simulations. Therefore, new models are typically tested and run on small-scale compute facilities. By using a detailed biophysics-based, chemo-electromechanical skeletal muscle model and the international open-source software library OpenCMISS as an example, we present an approach to upgrade an existing muscle simulation framework from a moderately parallel version toward a massively parallel one that scales both in terms of problem size and in terms of the number of parallel processes. For this purpose, we investigate different modeling, algorithmic and implementational aspects. We present improvements addressing both numerical and parallel scalability. In addition, our approach includes a novel visualization environment which is based on the MegaMol framework and is capable of handling large amounts of simulated data. We present the results of a number of scaling studies at the Tier-1 supercomputer HazelHen at the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS). We improve the overall runtime by a factor of up to 2.6 and achieve good scalability on up to 768 cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris P Bradley
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nehzat Emamy
- Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Centre for Simulation Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Ertl
- Stuttgart Centre for Simulation Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Visualization Research Center of the University of Stuttgart, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dominik Göddeke
- Stuttgart Centre for Simulation Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute for Applied Analysis and Numerical Simulation, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Hessenthaler
- Stuttgart Centre for Simulation Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,SimTech Research Group on Continuum Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Klotz
- Stuttgart Centre for Simulation Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,SimTech Research Group on Continuum Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Aaron Krämer
- Stuttgart Centre for Simulation Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute for Applied Analysis and Numerical Simulation, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Krone
- Stuttgart Centre for Simulation Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Visualization Research Center of the University of Stuttgart, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Benjamin Maier
- Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Centre for Simulation Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Miriam Mehl
- Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Centre for Simulation Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias Rau
- Stuttgart Centre for Simulation Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Visualization Research Center of the University of Stuttgart, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Oliver Röhrle
- Stuttgart Centre for Simulation Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,SimTech Research Group on Continuum Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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16
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Valentin J, Sprenger M, Pflüger D, Röhrle O. Gradient-based optimization with B-splines on sparse grids for solving forward-dynamics simulations of three-dimensional, continuum-mechanical musculoskeletal system models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 34:e2965. [PMID: 29427559 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the interplay between muscular activity and motion is the basis to improve our understanding of healthy or diseased musculoskeletal systems. To be able to analyze the musculoskeletal systems, computational models are used. Albeit some severe modeling assumptions, almost all existing musculoskeletal system simulations appeal to multibody simulation frameworks. Although continuum-mechanical musculoskeletal system models can compensate for some of these limitations, they are essentially not considered because of their computational complexity and cost. The proposed framework is the first activation-driven musculoskeletal system model, in which the exerted skeletal muscle forces are computed using 3-dimensional, continuum-mechanical skeletal muscle models and in which muscle activations are determined based on a constraint optimization problem. Numerical feasibility is achieved by computing sparse grid surrogates with hierarchical B-splines, and adaptive sparse grid refinement further reduces the computational effort. The choice of B-splines allows the use of all existing gradient-based optimization techniques without further numerical approximation. This paper demonstrates that the resulting surrogates have low relative errors (less than 0.76%) and can be used within forward simulations that are subject to constraint optimization. To demonstrate this, we set up several different test scenarios in which an upper limb model consisting of the elbow joint, the biceps and triceps brachii, and an external load is subjected to different optimization criteria. Even though this novel method has only been demonstrated for a 2-muscle system, it can easily be extended to musculoskeletal systems with 3 or more muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Valentin
- Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems (IPVS), University of Stuttgart, Universitätsstraße 38, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Centre for Simulation Technology (SimTech), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 5a, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Sprenger
- Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Centre for Simulation Technology (SimTech), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 5a, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - D Pflüger
- Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems (IPVS), University of Stuttgart, Universitätsstraße 38, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Centre for Simulation Technology (SimTech), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 5a, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - O Röhrle
- Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Centre for Simulation Technology (SimTech), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 5a, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang A. Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung, Partner Site Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Cardiac Mechanotransduction Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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18
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Tomalka A, Rode C, Schumacher J, Siebert T. The active force-length relationship is invisible during extensive eccentric contractions in skinned skeletal muscle fibres. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2016.2497. [PMID: 28469023 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to experimentally observed progressive forces in eccentric contractions, cross-bridge and sliding-filament theories of muscle contraction predict that varying myofilament overlap will lead to increases and decreases in active force during eccentric contractions. Non-cross-bridge contributions potentially explain the progressive total forces. However, it is not clear whether underlying abrupt changes in the slope of the nonlinear force-length relationship are visible in long isokinetic stretches, and in which proportion cross-bridges and non-cross-bridges contribute to muscle force. Here, we show that maximally activated single skinned rat muscle fibres behave (almost across the entire working range) like linear springs. The force slope is about three times the maximum isometric force per optimal length. Cross-bridge and non-cross-bridge contributions to the muscle force were investigated using an actomyosin inhibitor. The experiments revealed a nonlinear progressive contribution of non-cross-bridge forces and suggest a nonlinear cross-bridge contribution similar to the active force-length relationship (though with increased optimal length and maximum isometric force). The linear muscle behaviour might significantly reduce the control effort. Moreover, the observed slight increase in slope with initial length is in accordance with current models attributing the non-cross-bridge force to titin.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Tomalka
- Institute of Sport and Movement Science, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 28, 70569 Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Christian Rode
- Department of Motion Science, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07749 Jena, Thuringia, Germany
| | - Jens Schumacher
- Institute of Mathematics/Stochastics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07749 Jena, Thuringia, Germany
| | - Tobias Siebert
- Institute of Sport and Movement Science, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 28, 70569 Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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19
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Tomalka A, Borsdorf M, Böl M, Siebert T. Porcine Stomach Smooth Muscle Force Depends on History-Effects. Front Physiol 2017; 8:802. [PMID: 29093684 PMCID: PMC5651592 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The stomach serves as food reservoir, mixing organ and absorption area for certain substances, while continually varying its position and size. Large dimensional changes during ingestion and gastric emptying of the stomach are associated with large changes in smooth muscle length. These length changes might induce history-effects, namely force depression (FD) following active muscle shortening and force enhancement (FE) following active muscle stretch. Both effects have impact on the force generating capacity of the stomach, and thus functional relevance. However, less is known about history-effects and active smooth muscle properties of stomach smooth muscle. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate biomechanical muscle properties as force-length and force-velocity relations (FVR) of porcine stomach smooth muscle strips, extended by the analysis of history-effects on smooth muscle force. Therefore, in total n = 54 tissue strips were dissected in longitudinal direction from the ventral fundus of porcine stomachs. Different isometric, isotonic, and isokinetic contraction protocols were performed during electrical muscle stimulation. Cross-sectional areas (CSA) of smooth muscles were determined from cryo-histological sections stained with Picrosirius Red. Results revealed that maximum smooth muscle tension was 10.4 ± 2.6 N/cm2. Maximum shortening velocity (Vmax) and curvature factor (curv) of the FVR were 0.04 ± 0.01 [optimum muscle length/s] and 0.36 ± 0.15, respectively. The findings of the present study demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) FD [up to 32% maximum muscle force (Fim)] and FE (up to 16% Fim) of gastric muscle tissue, respectively. The FE- and FD-values increased with increasing ramp amplitude. This outstanding muscle behavior is not accounted for in existing models so far and strongly supports the idea of a holistic reflection of distinct stomach structure and function. For the first time this study provides a comprehensive set of stomach smooth muscle parameters including classic biomechanical muscle properties and history-dependent effects, offering the possibility for the development and validation of computational stomach models. Furthermore, this data set facilitates novel insights in gastric motility and contraction behavior based on the re-evaluation of existing contractile mechanisms. That will likely help to understand physiological functions or dysfunctions in terms of gastric accommodation and emptying.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Tomalka
- Department of Sport and Motion Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mischa Borsdorf
- Department of Sport and Motion Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Böl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Solid Mechanics, Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tobias Siebert
- Department of Sport and Motion Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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20
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Heidlauf T, Klotz T, Rode C, Siebert T, Röhrle O. A continuum-mechanical skeletal muscle model including actin-titin interaction predicts stable contractions on the descending limb of the force-length relation. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005773. [PMID: 28968385 PMCID: PMC5638554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Contractions on the descending limb of the total (active + passive) muscle force-length relationship (i. e. when muscle stiffness is negative) are expected to lead to vast half-sarcomere-length inhomogeneities. This is however not observed in experiments-vast half-sarcomere-length inhomogeneities can be absent in myofibrils contracting in this range, and initial inhomogeneities can even decrease. Here we show that the absence of half-sarcomere-length inhomogeneities can be predicted when considering interactions of the semi-active protein titin with the actin filaments. Including a model of actin-titin interactions within a multi-scale continuum-mechanical model, we demonstrate that stability, accurate forces and nearly homogeneous half-sarcomere lengths can be obtained on the descending limb of the static total force-length relation. This could be a key to durable functioning of the muscle because large local stretches, that might harm, for example, the transverse-tubule system, are avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Heidlauf
- Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Centre for Simulation Technology (SRC SimTech), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Klotz
- Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Centre for Simulation Technology (SRC SimTech), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Rode
- Institute of Motion Science, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Siebert
- Department of Sport and Motion Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Oliver Röhrle
- Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Centre for Simulation Technology (SRC SimTech), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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21
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Changes in three-dimensional muscle structure of rabbit gastrocnemius, flexor digitorum longus, and tibialis anterior during growth. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 74:507-519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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22
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Ghosh S, Cimino JG, Scott AK, Damen FW, Phillips EH, Veress AI, Neu CP, Goergen CJ. In Vivo Multiscale and Spatially-Dependent Biomechanics Reveals Differential Strain Transfer Hierarchy in Skeletal Muscle. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2798-2805. [PMID: 29276759 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biological tissues have a complex hierarchical architecture that spans organ to subcellular scales and comprises interconnected biophysical and biochemical machinery. Mechanotransduction, gene regulation, gene protection, and structure-function relationships in tissues depend on how force and strain are modulated from macro to micro scales, and vice versa. Traditionally, computational and experimental techniques have been used in common model systems (e.g., embryos) and simple strain measures were applied. But the hierarchical transfer of mechanical parameters like strain in mammalian systems is largely unexplored in vivo. Here, we experimentally probed complex strain transfer processes in mammalian skeletal muscle tissue over multiple biological scales using complementary in vivo ultrasound and optical imaging approaches. An iterative hyperelastic warping technique quantified the spatially-dependent strain distributions in tissue, matrix, and subcellular (nuclear) structures, and revealed a surprising increase in strain magnitude and heterogeneity in active muscle as the spatial scale also increased. The multiscale strain heterogeneity indicates tight regulation of mechanical signals to the nuclei of individual cells in active muscle, and an emergent behavior appearing at larger (e.g. tissue) scales characterized by dramatically increased strain complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Drive, UCB 427, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - James G Cimino
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Adrienne K Scott
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Drive, UCB 427, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Frederick W Damen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Evan H Phillips
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alexander I Veress
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 352600 Stevens Way, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Corey P Neu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Drive, UCB 427, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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23
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Lindstedt S, Nishikawa K. Huxleys’ Missing Filament: Form and Function of Titin in Vertebrate Striated Muscle. Annu Rev Physiol 2017; 79:145-166. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stan Lindstedt
- Center for Bioengineering Innovation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011-4185
| | - Kiisa Nishikawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011-4185;
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24
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Importance of contraction history on muscle force of porcine urinary bladder smooth muscle. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 49:205-214. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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