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Yu W, Feng D, Zhong Y, Luo X, Xu Q, Yu J. Examining the Influence of Warm-Up Static and Dynamic Stretching, as well as Post-Activation Potentiation Effects, on the Acute Enhancement of Gymnastic Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. J Sports Sci Med 2024; 23:156-176. [PMID: 38455430 PMCID: PMC10915619 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The primary objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis is to methodically discern and compare the impact of diverse warm-up strategies, including both static and dynamic stretching, as well as post-activation potentiation techniques, on the immediate performance of gymnasts. Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this paper evaluated studies that examined the gymnasts' performance after different warm-up strategies namely stretching (static [SS] or dynamic), vibration platforms (VP) or post-activation, in comparison to control conditions (e.g., mixed warm-up routines; no warm-up). The principal outcomes were centered on technical performance metrics (e.g., split, gymnastic jumps) and physical performance metrics (e.g., squat jump, countermovement jump, drop jump, balance, range of motion). Methodological assessments of the included studies were conducted using the Downs and Black Checklist. From the initial search across PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science databases, a total of 591 titles were retrieved, and 19 articles were ultimately incorporated in the analysis. The results revealed a non-significant differences (p > 0.05) between the SS condition and control conditions in squat jump performance, countermovement jump and gymnastic technical performance (e.g., split; split jump). Despite the difference in warm-up strategies and outcomes analyzed, the results suggest that there is no significant impairment of lower-limb power after SS. Additionally, technical elements dependent on flexibility appear to be enhanced by SS. Conversely, dynamic stretching and VP seem to be more effective for augmenting power-related and dynamic performance in gymnasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Yu
- Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - DeSen Feng
- ChengDu Sports University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Zhong
- The Affiliated Elementary School of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Qi Xu
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
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Cao S, Buchholz KS, Tan P, Stowe JC, Wang A, Fowler A, Knaus KR, Khalilimeybodi A, Zambon AC, Omens JH, Saucerman JJ, McCulloch AD. Differential sensitivity to longitudinal and transverse stretch mediates transcriptional responses in mouse neonatal ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H370-H384. [PMID: 38063811 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00562.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
To identify how cardiomyocyte mechanosensitive signaling pathways are regulated by anisotropic stretch, micropatterned mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes were stretched primarily longitudinally or transversely to the myofiber axis. Four hours of static, longitudinal stretch induced differential expression of 557 genes, compared with 30 induced by transverse stretch, measured using RNA-seq. A logic-based ordinary differential equation model of the cardiac myocyte mechanosignaling network, extended to include the transcriptional regulation and expression of 784 genes, correctly predicted measured expression changes due to anisotropic stretch with 69% accuracy. The model also predicted published transcriptional responses to mechanical load in vitro or in vivo with 63-91% accuracy. The observed differences between transverse and longitudinal stretch responses were not explained by differential activation of specific pathways but rather by an approximately twofold greater sensitivity to longitudinal stretch than transverse stretch. In vitro experiments confirmed model predictions that stretch-induced gene expression is more sensitive to angiotensin II and endothelin-1, via RhoA and MAP kinases, than to the three membrane ion channels upstream of calcium signaling in the network. Quantitative cardiomyocyte gene expression differs substantially with the axis of maximum principal stretch relative to the myofilament axis, but this difference is due primarily to differences in stretch sensitivity rather than to selective activation of mechanosignaling pathways.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Anisotropic stretch applied to micropatterned neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes induced markedly greater acute transcriptional responses when the major axis of stretch was parallel to the myofilament axis than when it was transverse. Analysis with a novel quantitative network model of mechanoregulated cardiomyocyte gene expression suggests that this difference is explained by higher cell sensitivity to longitudinal loading than transverse loading than by the activation of differential signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Cao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Kyle S Buchholz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Philip Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Jennifer C Stowe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Ariel Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Annabelle Fowler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Katherine R Knaus
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Ali Khalilimeybodi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Alexander C Zambon
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, California, United States
| | - Jeffrey H Omens
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
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Andze L, Skute M, Zoldners J, Andzs M, Sirmulis G, Irbe I, Milbreta U, Dabolina I, Filipova I. Enhancing Paper Packaging's Wet Strength Using the Synergy between Chitosan and Nanofibrillated Cellulose Additives. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:227. [PMID: 38257026 PMCID: PMC10819968 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand for eco-friendly packaging materials has urged researchers to look for alternatives to petroleum-based polymers. In this regard, paper-based products have turned out to be a promising choice; however, their weak resistance to water has limited their application. The use of various additives to enhance paper's moisture resistance is a common practice. However, considering the growing global agenda for sustainable development, the search for new bio-based paper additives has become increasingly important. This study investigated the potential synergistic impact of the addition of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and chitosan additives (CHIT) to different fiber combinations to improve paper's properties, in particular, their wet strength. The efficacy of the additive application order was examined and was found to be crucial in achieving the desired outcomes. The results showed that incorporating CHIT after NFC enhanced the paper's tensile and burst indicators, as well as the paper stretch in the dry state, by 35-70%, 35-55%, and 20-35%, respectively. In addition, the tensile index and stretch in the wet state improved 9-13 times and 2.5-5.5 times over, respectively. The air permeability decreased 2.5-12 times over. These findings demonstrate that the sequential addition of the NFC and CHIT additives yield a greater enhancement of paper's properties than using each additive separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andze
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (M.S.); (J.Z.); (M.A.); (I.I.); (U.M.); (I.F.)
| | - Marite Skute
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (M.S.); (J.Z.); (M.A.); (I.I.); (U.M.); (I.F.)
| | - Juris Zoldners
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (M.S.); (J.Z.); (M.A.); (I.I.); (U.M.); (I.F.)
| | - Martins Andzs
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (M.S.); (J.Z.); (M.A.); (I.I.); (U.M.); (I.F.)
- Ltd. V.L.T., Murmuizas Street 11a, LV-4201 Valmiera, Latvia;
| | - Gatis Sirmulis
- Ltd. V.L.T., Murmuizas Street 11a, LV-4201 Valmiera, Latvia;
| | - Ilze Irbe
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (M.S.); (J.Z.); (M.A.); (I.I.); (U.M.); (I.F.)
| | - Ulla Milbreta
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (M.S.); (J.Z.); (M.A.); (I.I.); (U.M.); (I.F.)
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Riga Technical University, 6A Kipsalas Street, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Inga Dabolina
- Personal Protective Equipment Laboratory, Riga Technical University, Kipsalas 6B-242, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Inese Filipova
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (M.S.); (J.Z.); (M.A.); (I.I.); (U.M.); (I.F.)
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Haffner V, Nourian Z, Boerman EM, Lambert MD, Hanft LM, Krenz M, Baines CP, Duan D, McDonald KS, Domeier TL. Calcium handling dysfunction and cardiac damage following acute ventricular preload challenge in the dystrophin-deficient mouse heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1168-H1177. [PMID: 37737731 PMCID: PMC10907071 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00265.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common muscular dystrophy and is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Dystrophin deficiency is associated with structural and functional changes of the muscle cell sarcolemma and/or stretch-induced ion channel activation. In this investigation, we use mice with transgenic cardiomyocyte-specific expression of the GCaMP6f Ca2+ indicator to test the hypothesis that dystrophin deficiency leads to cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling abnormalities following preload challenge. α-MHC-MerCreMer-GCaMP6f transgenic mice were developed on both a wild-type (WT) or dystrophic (Dmdmdx-4Cv) background. Isolated hearts of 3-7-mo male mice were perfused in unloaded Langendorff mode (0 mmHg) and working heart mode (preload = 20 mmHg). Following a 30-min preload challenge, hearts were perfused in unloaded Langendorff mode with 40 μM blebbistatin, and GCaMP6f was imaged using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Incidence of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) was monitored before and following preload elevation at 20 mmHg. Hearts of both wild-type and dystrophic mice exhibited similar left ventricular contractile function. Following preload challenge, dystrophic hearts exhibited a reduction in GCaMP6f-positive cardiomyocytes and an increase in number of cardiomyocytes exhibiting Ca2+ waves/overload. Incidence of cardiac arrhythmias was low in both wild-type and dystrophic hearts during unloaded Langendorff mode. However, after preload elevation to 20-mmHg hearts of dystrophic mice exhibited an increased incidence of PVCs compared with hearts of wild-type mice. In conclusion, these data indicate susceptibility to preload-induced Ca2+ overload, ventricular damage, and ventricular dysfunction in male Dmdmdx-4Cv hearts. Our data support the hypothesis that cardiomyocyte Ca2+ overload underlies cardiac dysfunction in muscular dystrophy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mechanisms of cardiac disease progression in muscular dystrophy are complex and poorly understood. Using a transgenic mouse model with cardiomyocyte-specific expression of the GCaMP6f Ca2+ indicator, the present study provides further support for the Ca2+-overload hypothesis of disease progression and ventricular arrhythmogenesis in muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Haffner
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Zahra Nourian
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Erika M Boerman
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Michelle D Lambert
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Laurin M Hanft
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Maike Krenz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- The Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Christopher P Baines
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- The Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Kerry S McDonald
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Timothy L Domeier
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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Turner DGP, De Lange WJ, Zhu Y, Coe CL, Simcox J, Ge Y, Kamp TJ, Ralphe JC, Glukhov AV. Neutral sphingomyelinase regulates mechanotransduction in human engineered cardiac tissues and mouse hearts. J Physiol 2023:10.1113/JP284807. [PMID: 37889115 PMCID: PMC11052922 DOI: 10.1113/jp284807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the USA and is known to be exacerbated by elevated mechanical stress from hypertension. Caveolae are plasma membrane structures that buffer mechanical stress but have been found to be reduced in pathological conditions associated with chronically stretched myocardium. To explore the physiological implications of the loss of caveolae, we used human engineered cardiac tissue (ECT) constructs, composed of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes and hiPSC-derived cardiac fibroblasts, to develop a long-term cyclic stretch protocol that recapitulates the effects of hypertension on caveolae expression, membrane tension, and the β-adrenergic response. Leveraging this new stretch protocol, we identified neutral sphingomyelinases (nSMase) as mechanoregulated mediators of caveolae loss, ceramide production and the blunted β-adrenergic response in this human cardiac model. Specifically, in our ECT model, nSMase inhibition via GW4869 prevented stretch-induced loss of caveolae-like structures, mitigated nSMase-dependent ceramide production, and maintained the ECT contractile kinetic response to isoprenaline. These findings are correlated with a blood lipidomic analysis in middle-aged and older adults, which revealed an increase of the circulating levels of ceramides in adults with hypertension. Furthermore, we found that conduction slowing from increased pressure loading in mouse left ventricle was abolished in the context of nSMase inhibition. Collectively, these findings identify nSMase as a potent drug target for mitigating stretch-induced effects on cardiac function. KEY POINTS: We have developed a new stretch protocol for human engineered cardiac tissue that recapitulates changes in plasma membrane morphology observed in animal models of pressure/volume overload. Stretch of engineered cardiac tissue induces activation of neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase), generation of ceramide, and disassembly of caveolae. Activation of nSMase blunts cardiac β-adrenergic contractile kinetics and mediates stretch-induced slowing of conduction and upstroke velocity. Circulating ceramides are increased in adults with hypertension, highlighting the clinical relevance of stretch-induced nSMase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G P Turner
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Willem J De Lange
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yanlong Zhu
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christopher L Coe
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Judith Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ying Ge
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Carter Ralphe
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexey V Glukhov
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Fowler ED, Azarov JE, Brette F. Editorial: Stretch and the heart: mechanoelectrical coupling and arrhythmias. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1278561. [PMID: 37692999 PMCID: PMC10486263 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1278561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ewan Douglas Fowler
- School of Biosciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jan E. Azarov
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
- Institute of Medicine, Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Fabien Brette
- INSERM U1045 -Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- IHU LIRYC-CRCTB U1045, Pessac, France
- Phymedexp INSERM U1046, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier University Hospital (CHRU), Montpellier, France
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Lookin O, Boulali N, Cazorla O, Tombe P. Impact of stretch on sarcomere length variability in isolated fully relaxed rat cardiac myocytes. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3043911. [PMID: 37398289 PMCID: PMC10312908 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3043911/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The contractility of cardiac muscle is greatly affected by preload via the Frank-Starling Mechanism (FSM). It is based on the preload-dependent activation of sarcomeres - the elementary contractile units in muscle cells. Recent findings show a natural variability in sarcomere length (SL) in resting cardiomyocytes that, moreover, is altered in an actively contracting myocyte. SL variability may contribute to the FSM but it remains unresolved whether the change in the SL variability is regulated by activation process per se or simply by changes in cell stretch, i.e. average SL. To separate the roles of activation and SL, we characterized SL variability in isolated fully relaxed rat ventricular cardiomyocytes ( n = 12) subjected to a longitudinal stretch with the carbon fiber (CF) technique. Each cell was tested in three states: without CF attachment (control, no preload), with CF attachment without stretch, and with CF attachment and ~ 10% stretch of initial SL. The cells were imaged by transmitted light microscopy to retrieve and analyze individual SL and SL variability off-line by multiple quantitative measures like coefficient of variation or median absolute deviation. We found that CF attachment without stretch did not affect the extent of SL variability and averaged SL. In stretched myocytes, the averaged SL significantly increased while the SL variability remained unchanged. This result clearly indicates that the non-uniformity of individual SL is not sensitive to the average SL itself in fully relaxed myocytes. We conclude that SL variability per se does not contribute to the FSM in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Najlae Boulali
- Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve
| | - Olivier Cazorla
- Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve
| | - Pieter Tombe
- Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve
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Du R, Li L, Ji J, Fan Y. Receptor-Ligand Binding: Effect of Mechanical Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109062. [PMID: 37240408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaining insight into the in situ receptor-ligand binding is pivotal for revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological and pathological processes and will contribute to drug discovery and biomedical application. An important issue involved is how the receptor-ligand binding responds to mechanical stimuli. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the effect of several representative mechanical factors, such as tension, shear stress, stretch, compression, and substrate stiffness on receptor-ligand binding, wherein the biomedical implications are focused. In addition, we highlight the importance of synergistic development of experimental and computational methods for fully understanding the in situ receptor-ligand binding, and further studies should focus on the coupling effects of these mechanical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruotian Du
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Trompetto C, Marinelli L, Mori L, Bragazzi N, Maggi G, Cotellessa F, Puce L, Vestito L, Molteni F, Gasperini G, Farina N, Bissolotti L, Sciarrini F, Millevolte M, Balestrieri F, Restivo DA, Chisari C, Santamato A, Del Felice A, Manganotti P, Serrati C, Currà A. Increasing the Passive Range of Joint Motion in Stroke Patients Using Botulinum Toxin: The Role of Pain Relief. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050335. [PMID: 37235369 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
By blocking the release of neurotransmitters, botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is an effective treatment for muscle over-activity and pain in stroke patients. BoNT-A has also been reported to increase passive range of motion (p-ROM), the decrease of which is mainly due to muscle shortening (i.e., muscle contracture). Although the mechanism of action of BoNT-A on p-ROM is far from understood, pain relief may be hypothesized to play a role. To test this hypothesis, a retrospective investigation of p-ROM and pain was conducted in post-stroke patients treated with BoNT-A for upper limb hypertonia. Among 70 stroke patients enrolled in the study, muscle tone (Modified Ashworth Scale), pathological postures, p-ROM, and pain during p-ROM assessment (Numeric Rating Scale, NRS) were investigated in elbow flexors (48 patients) and in finger flexors (64 patients), just before and 3-6 weeks after BoNT-A treatment. Before BoNT-A treatment, pathological postures of elbow flexion were found in all patients but one. A decreased elbow p-ROM was found in 18 patients (38%). Patients with decreased p-ROM had higher pain-NRS scores (5.08 ± 1.96, with a pain score ≥8 in 11% of cases) than patients with normal p-ROM (0.57 ± 1.36) (p < 0.001). Similarly, pathological postures of finger flexion were found in all patients but two. A decreased finger p-ROM was found in 14 patients (22%). Pain was more intense in the 14 patients with decreased p-ROM (8.43 ± 1.74, with a pain score ≥ 8 in 86% of cases) than in the 50 patients with normal p-ROM (0.98 ± 1.89) (p < 0.001). After BoNT-A treatment, muscle tone, pathological postures, and pain decreased in both elbow and finger flexors. In contrast, p-ROM increased only in finger flexors. The study discusses that pain plays a pivotal role in the increase in p-ROM observed after BoNT-A treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Trompetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, GE, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, 16132 Genoa, GE, Italy
| | - Lucio Marinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, GE, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, 16132 Genoa, GE, Italy
| | - Laura Mori
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, GE, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, 16132 Genoa, GE, Italy
| | - Nicola Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Giulia Maggi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, GE, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, 16132 Genoa, GE, Italy
| | - Filippo Cotellessa
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, GE, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, 16132 Genoa, GE, Italy
| | - Luca Puce
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, GE, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, 16132 Genoa, GE, Italy
| | - Lucilla Vestito
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, GE, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, 16132 Genoa, GE, Italy
| | - Franco Molteni
- Villa Beretta Rehabilitation Center, 23845 Costa Masnaga, LC, Italy
| | - Giulio Gasperini
- Villa Beretta Rehabilitation Center, 23845 Costa Masnaga, LC, Italy
| | - Nico Farina
- Villa Beretta Rehabilitation Center, 23845 Costa Masnaga, LC, Italy
| | - Luciano Bissolotti
- Rehabilitation Service, Fondazione Teresa Camplani Casa di Cura Domus Salutis, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy
| | | | - Marzia Millevolte
- Clinica di Neuroriabilitazione, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, 60030 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Balestrieri
- SOSD Gravi Cerebrolesioni Acquisite, AUSL Toscana Centro, 50141 Florence, FI, Italy
| | | | - Carmelo Chisari
- Section of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Andrea Santamato
- Spasticity and Movement Disorders "ReSTaRt" Unit, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Section, Policlinico Riuniti, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, FG, Italy
| | - Alessandra Del Felice
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, PD, Italy
- Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, PD, Italy
| | - Paolo Manganotti
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Trieste University Hospital, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Carlo Serrati
- Department of Neurology, Imperia Hospital, 18100 Imperia, IM, Italy
| | - Antonio Currà
- Academic Neurology Unit, Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04019 Terracina, LT, Italy
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10
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Burns TA, Watts MR, Belknap JK, van Eps AW. Digital lamellar inflammatory signaling in an experimental model of equine preferential weight bearing. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:681-688. [PMID: 36840365 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supporting limb laminitis (SLL) is a complication of severe orthopedic disease in horses and is often life-limiting, yet the pathophysiology remains obscure. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of digital lamellar inflammatory signaling in the pathophysiology of SLL using a model of unilateral weight bearing, hypothesizing that there would be evidence of lamellar inflammation in limbs subjected to the model. ANIMALS Thirteen healthy adult Standardbred horses were used for this study (11 geldings, 2 mares; mean age 6.5 ± 2.5 years; mean body weight 458.3 ± 32.8 kg). METHODS Randomized controlled experimental study. A steel shoe with a custom insert was applied to a randomly selected front foot of 7 horses; 6 horses were unshod and served as controls. After 92 hours, all horses were humanely euthanized, and digital lamellar samples were collected. Lamellar protein and mRNA were isolated and used to perform western blot and PCR. RESULTS Lamellar concentrations of IL-6 mRNA were higher in SL tissue than IL HIND tissue (median [25%-75%] normalized copy number 191 [111-3060] and 48 [25-74], respectively; P=.003), and lamellar concentrations of COX-2 mRNA were higher in SL tissue than CON tissue (normalized copy number 400 [168-634] and 125 [74-178], respectively; P=.007). Lamellar concentrations of IL-1B, IL-10, and COX-1 mRNA were not significantly different between groups. The concentrations of phosphorylated (activated) STAT1 and STAT3 proteins were higher in SL (0.5 [0.35-0.87] and 1.35 [1.1-1.7], respectively) compared to CON (0.24 [0.09-0.37] and 0.31 [0.16-037]) and UL HIND (0.27 [0.19-0.37] and 0.38 [0.24-0.5]); P=0.01 and P<0.001. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Lamellar inflammatory signaling was higher in tissue from horses subjected to prolonged unilateral weight-bearing, suggesting that these pathways could be relevant to the pathophysiology of SLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Burns
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mauria R Watts
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James K Belknap
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew W van Eps
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.,School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Abstract
Ceramic nanofibrous nanostructure-based sponges have attracted significant attention due to ultrahigh porosity, low thermal conductivity, large specific area, and chemical stability. From the regulation of the fiber itself to the construction method of 3D networks, efforts are being made to improve the mechanical properties of ceramic sponges for practical applications. So far resilient compressibility has been realized in ceramic nanofibrous-based sponges via structural design, but they still show brittle fracture under a more complex stress state. Herein, we introduced a highly aligned and interwoven Si3N4 nanofiber sponge, which exhibits superflexibility, large break elongation (>80%), large-strain reversible stretch (20%), and good resistance to tensile fatigue. The ceramic sponge also displays reversible compressibility up to 60% strain, puncture resistance, high air filtration efficiency (>99.8%), and low pressure drop (38% of cotton fiber), making the ceramic sponge a high-performance wearable respirator to protect us from harm due to PM2.5 pollution and possible microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lingbin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Pengfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Haotian Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - De Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lei Su
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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12
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Zhou J, Gummi MR, Greco A, Babic M, Herrmann J, Kandil FI, van der Giet M, Tölle M, Schuchardt M. Biomechanical Properties of the Aortic Wall: Changes during Vascular Calcification. Biomedicines 2023; 11. [PMID: 36672718 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Medial vascular calcification (MAC) is characterized by the deposition of hydroxyapatite (HAP) in the medial layer of the vessel wall, leading to disruption of vessel integrity and vascular stiffness. Because currently no direct therapeutic interventions for MAC are available, studying the MAC pathogenesis is of high research interest. Several methods exist to measure and describe the pathophysiological processes in the vessel wall, such as histological staining and gene expression. However, no method describing the physiological properties of the arterial wall is currently available. This study aims to close that gap and validate a method to measure the biomechanical properties of the arterial wall during vascular calcification. Therefore, a stress-stretch curve is monitored using small-vessel-myography upon ex vivo calcification of rat aortic tissue. The measurement of biomechanical properties could help to gain further insights into vessel integrity during calcification progression.
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13
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Hurley M, Walton R, Vigmond EJ, Haïssaguerre M, Bernus O, White E. Attenuation of stretch-induced arrhythmias following chemical ablation of Purkinje fibres, in isolated rabbit hearts. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1154157. [PMID: 37089427 PMCID: PMC10115947 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1154157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purkinje fibres (PFs) play an important role in some ventricular arrhythmias and acute ventricular stretch can evoke mechanically-induced arrhythmias. We tested whether Purkinje fibres, play a role in these arrhythmias. Pseudo-ECGs were recorded in isolated, Langendorff-perfused, rabbit hearts in which the left ventricular endocardial surface was also irrigated with Tyrode, via an indwelling catheter placed in the left ventricular lumen. The number and period of ectopic activations was measured during left ventricular lumen inflation via an indwelling fluid-filled balloon (500 μL added over 2 s and maintained for 15 s in total). Mechanically-induced arrhythmias occurred in 70% of balloon inflations: they were maximal in the first 5 s and ceased within 15 s. Brief, (10 s) irrigation of the left ventricular lumen with Lugol solution (IK/I2), via the indwelling catheter, reduced inflation-induced ectopics by 98% (p < 0.05). Ablation of endocardial PFs by Lugol was confirmed by Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride staining. Optical mapping revealed the left ventricular epicardial activation patterns of ectopics could have PF-mediated and focal sources. In silico modelling predicted ectopic sources originating in the endocardial region propagate to and through the Purkinje fibres network. Acute distention-induced ectopics are multi-focal, their attenuation by Lugol, their activation patterns and in silico modelling indicate a participation of Purkinje fibres in these arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hurley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Walton
- INSERM Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Université Bordeaux, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation, Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Edward J. Vigmond
- INSERM Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Université Bordeaux, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation, Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Michel Haïssaguerre
- INSERM Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Université Bordeaux, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation, Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- Electrophysiology and Ablation Unit, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac, France
| | - Olivier Bernus
- INSERM Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Université Bordeaux, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation, Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Ed White
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ed White,
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Kolel A, Ergaz B, Goren S, Tchaicheeyan O, Lesman A. Strain Gradient Programming in 3D Fibrous Hydrogels to Direct Graded Cell Alignment. Small Methods 2023; 7:e2201070. [PMID: 36408763 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biological tissues experience various stretch gradients which act as mechanical signaling from the extracellular environment to cells. These mechanical stimuli are sensed by cells, triggering essential signaling cascades regulating cell migration, differentiation, and tissue remodeling. In most previous studies, a simple, uniform stretch to 2D elastic substrates has been applied to analyze the response of living cells. However, induction of nonuniform strains in controlled gradients, particularly in biomimetic 3D hydrogels, has proven challenging. In this study, 3D fibrin hydrogels of manipulated geometry are stretched by a silicone carrier to impose programmable strain gradients along different chosen axes. The resulting strain gradients are analyzed and compared to finite element simulations. Experimentally, the programmed strain gradients result in similar gradient patterns in fiber alignment within the gels. Additionally, temporal changes in the orientation of fibroblast cells embedded in the stretched fibrin gels correlate to the strain and fiber alignment gradients. The experimental and simulation data demonstrate the ability to custom-design mechanical gradients in 3D biological hydrogels and to control cell alignment patterns. It provides a new technology for mechanobiology and tissue engineering studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avraham Kolel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Bar Ergaz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Shahar Goren
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Oren Tchaicheeyan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Ayelet Lesman
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
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15
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Liu M, An Z, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Xu J, Zhao Z, Huang C, Wang A, Zhou G, Li P, Fan Y. Mechanical Stretch Promotes Neurite Outgrowth of Primary Cultured Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons via Suppression of Semaphorin 3A-Neuropilin-1/Plexin-A1 Signaling. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:3416-3426. [PMID: 36413805 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant attempts have been made to promote neuronal extension and migration in nerve development and regeneration. Although mechanical stretch induces persistent elongation of the axon, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet clear. Some axonal guidance cues secreted in the growth cone that affect the axonal growth could attract or repel axons in neurite connection. As semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is an important repulsion guidance molecule, inhibition of Sema3A has been postulated to promote neuronal development. In this study, the effects of mechanical stretch on dorsal root ganglion neuronal growth and the underlying mechanisms were investigated by assessing the extension direction, neurite length, cell body size, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the expression of Sema3A and its receptors. Our results showed that cell viability significantly increased at tensile strains of 2.5, 5, and 10% for 4 h, with the most prominent effect at 5% tensile strain. Moreover, neurons migrated closer to the stretching direction at 5% tensile strain (0-12 h), while the neurons of the control group moved in a disorderly manner. Furthermore, Sema3A-Neuropilin-1/Plexin-A1 signaling pathway was found to be suppressed after mechanical stretch at 5% tensile strain for 4 h by immunofluorescence staining, immunoprecipitation, and western blot assay. Finally, a Sema3A-SiRNA (SiRNA = small interfering RNA) treatment led to remarkable guidance growth in the stretch-grown neurons. Importantly, there was significant decrease of repulsive cue Sema3A expression and remarkable increase of attractive molecule Netrin-1 expression after mechanical stretching treatment, which jointly promoted neurite outgrowth. This study provides a promising new approach for the development of mechanical stretching therapy or guidance factor-related drugs in injured neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zitong An
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuchen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chongquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Anqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.,School of Medical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
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16
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Peyronnet R, Desai A, Edelmann JC, Cameron BA, Emig R, Kohl P, Dean D. Simultaneous assessment of radial and axial myocyte mechanics by combining atomic force microscopy and carbon fibre techniques. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210326. [PMID: 36189808 PMCID: PMC9527909 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes sense and shape their mechanical environment, contributing to its dynamics by their passive and active mechanical properties. While axial forces generated by contracting cardiomyocytes have been amply investigated, the corresponding radial mechanics remain poorly characterized. Our aim is to simultaneously monitor passive and active forces, both axially and radially, in cardiomyocytes freshly isolated from adult mouse ventricles. To do so, we combine a carbon fibre (CF) set-up with a custom-made atomic force microscope (AFM). CF allows us to apply stretch and to record passive and active forces in the axial direction. The AFM, modified for frontal access to fit in CF, is used to characterize radial cell mechanics. We show that stretch increases the radial elastic modulus of cardiomyocytes. We further find that during contraction, cardiomyocytes generate radial forces that are reduced, but not abolished, when cells are forced to contract near isometrically. Radial forces may contribute to ventricular wall thickening during contraction, together with the dynamic re-orientation of cells and sheetlets in the myocardium. This new approach for characterizing cell mechanics allows one to obtain a more detailed picture of the balance of axial and radial mechanics in cardiomyocytes at rest, during stretch, and during contraction. This article is part of the theme issue 'The cardiomyocyte: new revelations on the interplay between architecture and function in growth, health, and disease'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Peyronnet
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg – Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Breanne A. Cameron
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg – Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ramona Emig
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg – Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kohl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg – Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Arias-Guzman S, Oberg C, Jones R, Call E. Comparing the Energy- Stretch Properties of Two Compression Bandage Systems in a Laboratory-Based Test under Controlled Conditions. Adv Skin Wound Care 2022; 35:605-612. [PMID: 36264752 PMCID: PMC9586827 DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000875052.14511.ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the characteristics of two commercially available compression systems, a dual-compression bandage system (DCS) and a traditional two-layer bandage (TLB), using a laboratory bench test. METHODS The compression systems were evaluated in a computer-controlled tensile test to generate force-deflection curves for each sample. The compressive work and the theoretical pressure applied to the limb by the respective compression bandages were calculated at the maximum stretch and a stretch instructed by the manufacturers. The manufacturer of the DCS provides reference points on how much the bandage should be stretched to provide the desired pressure, and the TLB stretch was calculated from the product’s datasheet. RESULTS The combined results of layers 1 and 2 for the DCS showed greater load and work than the TLB at both the maximum and recommended stretch. The recommended stretch for DCS and TLB was less than 50% of the deflection up to the breaking point. CONCLUSIONS The high work provided by the two layers of the DCS suggests a wider range of performance than the TLB when applied to the lower limb, especially after the limb volume is initially reduced by compression. Moreover, using the tensile test and the guide of the reference points on layers 1 and 2 from DCS, the calculated pressure achieved the expected values stated by the manufacturer. Human studies should be conducted to determine whether the reference points provided by DCS are beneficial for obtaining repeatable values.
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Ploeg MC, Munts C, Seddiqi T, Ten Brink TJL, Breemhaar J, Moroni L, Prinzen FW, van Nieuwenhoven FA. Culturing of Cardiac Fibroblasts in Engineered Heart Matrix Reduces Myofibroblast Differentiation but Maintains Their Response to Cyclic Stretch and Transforming Growth Factor β1. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:551. [PMID: 36290519 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Isolation and culturing of cardiac fibroblasts (CF) induces rapid differentiation toward a myofibroblast phenotype, which is partly mediated by the high substrate stiffness of the culture plates. In the present study, a 3D model of Engineered Heart Matrix (EHM) of physiological stiffness (Youngs modulus ~15 kPa) was developed using primary adult rat CF and a natural hydrogel collagen type 1 matrix. CF were equally distributed, viable and quiescent for at least 13 days in EHM and the baseline gene expression of myofibroblast-markers alfa-smooth muscle actin (Acta2), and connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf) was significantly lower, compared to CF cultured in 2D monolayers. CF baseline gene expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (Tgfβ1) and brain natriuretic peptide (Nppb) was higher in EHM-fibers compared to the monolayers. EHM stimulation by 10% cyclic stretch (1 Hz) increased the gene expression of Nppb (3.0-fold), Ctgf (2.1-fold) and Tgfβ1 (2.3-fold) after 24 h. Stimulation of EHM with TGFβ1 (1 ng/mL, 24 h) induced Tgfβ1 (1.6-fold) and Ctgf (1.6-fold). In conclusion, culturing CF in EHM of physiological stiffness reduced myofibroblast marker gene expression, while the CF response to stretch or TGFβ1 was maintained, indicating that our novel EHM structure provides a good physiological model to study CF function and myofibroblast differentiation.
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Ferná Ortega JA, Mendoza Romero D, Sarmento H, Prieto Mondragón L, Rodríguez Buitrago JA. Relationship between Dynamic and Isometric Strength, Power, Speed, and Average Propulsive Speed of Recreational Athletes. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7040079. [PMID: 36278740 PMCID: PMC9589991 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the type of relationship between measures of maximal force (dynamic and isometric), maximal power, and mean propulsive velocity. In total, 355 recreational athletes, 96 women (age 20.5 ± 2.5 years; height 158.2 ± 17.3 cm; weight 61.8 ± 48.4 kg) and 259 men (age 21.0 ± 2.6 years; height 170.5 ± 12.6 cm; weight 65.9 ± 9.2 kg) were evaluated in three sessions separated by 72 h each in isometric midthigh pull exercise (ISOS) (kg), bench press maximum strength (1RM MSBP) (kg), jump height (CMJ) (m), and maximum pedaling power (WT) the maximum squat strength (1RM MSS) (kg), the mean propulsive velocity in the bench press (MPVBP) (m·s-1), and the peak power (PPBP) (w), mean propulsive squat velocity (MPVS) (m·s-1), peak power (PP) (w), maximum handgrip force (ISOHG) (kg), and 30 m movement speed (V30) (s). Significant correlations (p ≤ 0.01) were identified between 95% of the various manifestations of force, and only 5% presented a significance of p ≤ 0.05; however, when the magnitude of these correlations is observed, there is great heterogeneity. In this sense, the dynamic strength tests present the best correlations with the other strength and power tests used in the present study, followed by PPBP and PP. The results of this study complement what is reported in the literature regarding the correlation between different types of force manifestations being heterogeneous and contradictory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo Alejandro Ferná Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Street 222 #55-17, Bogotá 668470, Colombia
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Educación Física, Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, Street 72 #11-86, Bogotá 110321, Colombia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +571-300-207-9453
| | - Dario Mendoza Romero
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Street 69 #15-40, Bogotá 110211, Colombia
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Laura Prieto Mondragón
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Street 222 #55-17, Bogotá 668470, Colombia
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Vicic N, Guo X, Chan D, Flanagan JG, Sigal IA, Sivak JM. Evidence of an Annexin A4 mediated plasma membrane repair response to biomechanical strain associated with glaucoma pathogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3687-3702. [PMID: 35862065 PMCID: PMC9891715 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common neurodegenerative blinding disease that is closely associated with chronic biomechanical strain at the optic nerve head (ONH). Yet, the cellular injury and mechanosensing mechanisms underlying the resulting damage have remained critically unclear. We previously identified Annexin A4 (ANXA4) from a proteomic analyses of human ONH astrocytes undergoing pathological biomechanical strain that mimics glaucomatous conditions. Annexins are a family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins with key functions in plasma membrane repair (PMR); an active mechanism to limit and mend cellular injury that involves membrane and cytoskeletal reorganizations. However, a role for direct membrane damage and PMR has not been well studied in the context of biomechanical strain, such as that associated with glaucoma. Here we report that this moderate strain surprisingly damages cell membranes to increase permeability in a calcium-dependent manner, and induces rapid aggregation of ANXA4 at injury sites. ANXA4 loss-of-function increases permeability, while exogenous ANXA4 reduces it. Furthermore, ANXA4 aggregation is associated with F-actin dynamics in vitro, and remarkably this interaction and aggregation signature is also observed in the glaucomatous ONH in patient samples. Together these studies link moderate biomechanical strain with direct membrane damage and actin dynamics, and identify an active PMR role for ANXA4 in new model of cell injury associated with glaucoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Vicic
- Donald K Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoxin Guo
- Donald K Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren Chan
- Donald K Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John G Flanagan
- The Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ian A. Sigal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeremy M. Sivak
- Donald K Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Weidner S, Tomalka A, Rode C, Siebert T. How velocity impacts eccentric force generation of fully activated skinned skeletal muscle fibers in long stretches. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:223-233. [PMID: 35652830 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00735.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Eccentric muscle contractions are fundamental to everyday life. They occur markedly in jumping, running, and accidents. Following an initial force rise, stretching of a fully activated muscle can result in a phase of decreasing force ('Give') followed by force redevelopment. However, how the stretch velocity affects 'Give' and force redevelopment remains largely unknown. We investigated the force produced by fully activated single skinned fibers of rat extensor digitorum longus muscles during long stretches. Fibers were pulled from length .85 to 1.3 optimal fiber length at a rate of 1, 10 and 100% of the estimated maximum shortening velocity. 'Give' was absent in slow stretches. Medium and fast stretches yielded a clear 'Give'. After the initial force peak, forces decreased by 11.2% and 27.8% relative to the initial peak force before rising again. During the last half of the stretch (from 1.07 to 1.3 optimal fiber length, which is within the range of the expected descending limb of the force-length relationship), the linear force slope tripled from slow to medium stretch and increased further by 60% from medium to fast stretch. These results are compatible with forcible cross-bridge detachment and re-development of a cross-bridge distribution, and a viscoelastic titin contribution to fiber force. Accounting for these results can improve muscle models and predictions of multi-body simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Weidner
- nstitute of Sport and Movement Science, Department of Motion and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - André Tomalka
- nstitute of Sport and Movement Science, Department of Motion and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Rode
- nstitute of Sport Science, Department of Biomechanics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tobias Siebert
- nstitute of Sport and Movement Science, Department of Motion and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Center of Simulation Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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22
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Padron JG, Norman Ing ND, Ng PK, Kendal-Wright CE. Stretch Causes Cell Stress and the Downregulation of Nrf2 in Primary Amnion Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:766. [PMID: 35740891 PMCID: PMC9220942 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor for the regulation of cellular responses to cellular stress and inflammation, and its expression is significantly lower after spontaneous term labor in human fetal membranes. Pathological induction of inflammation can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as pre-eclampsia, preterm labor, and fetal death. As stretch forces are known to act upon the fetal membranes in utero, we aimed to ascertain the effect of stretch on Nrf2 to increase our understanding of the role of this stimulus on cells of the amnion at term. Our results indicated a significant reduction in Nrf2 expression in stretched isolated human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) that could be rescued with sulforaphane treatment. Downregulation of Nrf2 as a result of stretch was accompanied with activation of proinflammatory nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) and increases in LDH activity, ROS, and HMGB1. This work supports stretch as a key modulator of cellular stress and inflammation in the fetal membranes. Our results showed that the modulation of the antioxidant response pathway in the fetal membranes through Nrf2 activation may be a viable approach to improve outcomes in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Gary Padron
- Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
- Wayne State School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nainoa D. Norman Ing
- Natural Science and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA; (N.D.N.I.); (P.K.N.)
| | - Po’okela K. Ng
- Natural Science and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA; (N.D.N.I.); (P.K.N.)
| | - Claire E. Kendal-Wright
- Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
- Natural Science and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA; (N.D.N.I.); (P.K.N.)
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96826, USA
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23
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Singh A, Majmudar T, Magee R, Gonik B, Balasubramanian S. Effects of Pre stretch on Neonatal Peripheral Nerve: An In Vitro Study. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj 2022; 17:e1-e9. [PMID: 35400085 PMCID: PMC8993512 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Characterizing the biomechanical failure responses of neonatal peripheral nerves is critical in understanding stretch-related peripheral nerve injury mechanisms in neonates. Objective This in vitro study investigated the effects of prestretch magnitude and duration on the biomechanical failure behavior of neonatal piglet brachial plexus (BP) and tibial nerves. Methods BP and tibial nerves from 32 neonatal piglets were harvested and prestretched to 0, 10, or 20% strain for 90 or 300 seconds. These prestretched samples were then subjected to tensile loading until failure. Failure stress and strain were calculated from the obtained load-displacement data. Results Prestretch magnitude significantly affected failure stress but not the failure strain. BP nerves prestretched to 10 or 20% strain, exhibiting significantly lower failure stress than those prestretched to 0% strain for both prestretch durations (90 and 300 seconds). Likewise, tibial nerves prestretched to 10 or 20% strain for 300 seconds, exhibiting significantly lower failure stress than the 0% prestretch group. An effect of prestretch duration on failure stress was also observed in the BP nerves when subjected to 20% prestretch strain such that the failure stress was significantly lower for 300 seconds group than 90 seconds group. No significant differences in the failure strains were observed. When comparing BP and tibial nerve failure responses, significantly higher failure stress was reported in tibial nerve prestretched to 20% strain for 300 seconds than BP nerve. Conclusion These data suggest that neonatal peripheral nerves exhibit lower injury thresholds with increasing prestretch magnitude and duration while exhibiting regional differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Widener University School of Engineering, Chester, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Tanmay Majmudar
- Drexel University School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Rachel Magee
- Drexel University School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Bernard Gonik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Sriram Balasubramanian
- Drexel University School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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24
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Li WY, Fu XM, Wang ZD, Li ZG, Ma D, Sun P, Liu GB, Zhu XF, Wang Y. Krüppel-like factor 7 attenuates hippocampal neuronal injury after traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:661-672. [PMID: 34380908 PMCID: PMC8504401 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.320991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study has shown that the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 7 (KLF7) promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and motor function recovery after spinal cord injury. KLF7 also participates in traumatic brain injury, but its regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, an HT22 cell model of traumatic brain injury was established by stretch injury and oxygen-glucose deprivation. These cells were then transfected with an adeno-associated virus carrying KLF7 (AAV-KLF7). The results revealed that, after stretch injury and oxygen-glucose deprivation, KLF7 greatly reduced apoptosis, activated caspase-3 and lactate dehydrogenase, downregulated the expression of the apoptotic markers B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase-3, and increased the expression of βIII-tubulin and the antiapoptotic marker Bcl-2. Furthermore, KLF7 overexpression upregulated Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in HT22 cells treated by stretch injury and oxygen-glucose deprivation. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that KLF7 directly participated in the phosphorylation of STAT3. In addition, treatment with AG490, a selective inhibitor of JAK2/STAT3, weakened the protective effects of KLF7. A mouse controlled cortical impact model of traumatic brain injury was then established. At 30 minutes before modeling, AAV-KLF7 was injected into the ipsilateral lateral ventricle. The protein and mRNA levels of KLF7 in the hippocampus were increased at 1 day after injury and recovered to normal levels at 3 days after injury. KLF7 reduced ipsilateral hippocampal atrophy, decreased the injured cortex volume, downregulated Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression, and increased the number of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-positive neurons and Bcl-2 protein expression. Moreover, KLF7 transfection greatly enhanced the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in the ipsilateral hippocampus. These results suggest that KLF7 may protect hippocampal neurons after traumatic brain injury through activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Mudanjiang Medical University, China (approval No. mdjyxy-2018-0012) on March 6, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Li
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Fu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mudanjiang City Second People’s Hospital, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Li
- The First Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Duo Ma
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Gui-Bo Liu
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
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25
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Livingstone JP, Tamate TM, Richardson AK, Harpstrite JK. A Cadaveric Study Measuring Femoral Nerve Tension During Anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty Approach. Hawaii J Health Soc Welf 2022; 81:30-36. [PMID: 35340935 PMCID: PMC8941618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Femoral nerve palsy is a rare but devastating complication of anterior total hip arthroplasty. Its etiology is still unknown, but several studies have suggested that anterior acetabular retractors may place the femoral nerve at increased risk. This study hypothesized that hip extension and traction places tension on the femoral nerve, offering an additional explanation for the development of femoral nerve palsy. A spring device was secured across 6 transected femoral nerves from 5 lower extremity cadavers and the hip was extended and pulled into traction with and without retractor placement. The change in spring length was used to determine femoral nerve tension. The average spring length changed +8.83 mm with hip extension, +3.73 mm with traction, -0.7 mm with traction and placement of the anterior acetabular retractor, and -1.15 mm with extension and placement of the femoral retractor. Femoral nerve tension was greatest with hip extension followed by traction. Acetabular and femoral retractor placement decreased average femoral nerve tension in both traction and hip extension. This may be due to medialization of the femoral nerve by the retractors, reducing the overall distance traveled, and thereby reducing tension. Previous studies have found femoral nerve pressure to be greatest during anterior acetabular retractor placement. It is likely that both pressure and tension contribute to femoral nerve palsy. Careful retractor placement, staying safely on anterior acetabular bone, and efficient femoral preparation to decrease time under hip extension and traction may help to minimize the risk of femoral nerve palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Livingstone
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI
| | - Trent M. Tamate
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI
| | - Andrew K. Richardson
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI
| | - Jeffery K. Harpstrite
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI
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26
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Su L, Wang H, Jia S, Dai S, Niu M, Ren J, Lu X, Cai Z, Lu D, Li M, Xu L, Guo SW, Zhuang L, Peng K. Highly Stretchable, Crack-Insensitive and Compressible Ceramic Aerogel. ACS Nano 2021; 15:18354-18362. [PMID: 34766747 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ceramic aerogels are attractive candidates for high-temperature thermal insulation, catalysis support, and ultrafiltration materials, but their practical applications are usually limited by brittleness. Recently, reversible compressibility has been realized in flexible nanostructures-based ceramic aerogels. However, these modified aerogels still show fast and brittle fracture under tension. Herein, we demonstrate achieving reversible stretch and crack insensitivity in a highly compressible ceramic aerogel through engineering its microstructure by using curly SiC-SiOx bicrystal nanowire as the building blocks. The aerogel exhibits large-strain reversible stretch (20%) and good resistance to high-speed tensile fatigue test. Even for a prenotched sample, a reversible stretch at 10% strain is achieved, indicating good crack resistance. The aerogel also displays reversible compressibility up to 80% strain, ultralow thermal conductivity of 28.4 mW m-1 K-1, and excellent thermal stability even at temperatures as high as 1200 °C in butane blow torch or as low as -196 °C in liquid nitrogen. Our findings show that the attractive tensile properties arise from the deformation, interaction, and reorientation of the curly nanowires which could reduce stress concentration and suppress crack initiation and growth during tension. This study not only expands the applicability of ceramic aerogels to conditions involving complex dynamic stress under extreme temperature conditions but also benefits the design of other highly stretchable and crack-resistant porous ceramic materials for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Su
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shuhai Jia
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Min Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Junqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zhixin Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - De Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Sheng-Wu Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Kang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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27
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Repon MR, Laureckiene G, Mikucioniene D. The Influence of Electro-Conductive Compression Knits Wearing Conditions on Heating Characteristics. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:6780. [PMID: 34832180 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Textile-based heaters have opened new opportunities for next-generation smart heating devices. This experiment presents electrically conductive textiles for heat generation in orthopaedic compression supports. The main goal was to investigate the influence of frequent washing and stretching on heat generation durability of constructed compression knitted structures. The silver coated polyamide yarns were used to knit a half-Milano rib structure containing elastomeric inlay-yarn. Dimensional stability of the knitted fabric and morphological changes of the silver coated electro-conductive yarns were investigated during every wash cycle. The results revealed that temperature becomes stable within two minutes for all investigated fabrics. The heat generation was found to be dependent on the stretching, mostly due to the changing surface area; and it should be considered during the development of heated compression knits. Washing negatively influences the heat-generating capacity on the fabric due to the surface damage caused by the mechanical and chemical interaction during washing. The higher number of silver-coated filaments in the electro-conductive yarn and the knitted structure, protecting the electro-conductive yarn from mechanical abrasion, may ensure higher durability of heating characteristics.
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28
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Atcha H, Meli VS, Davis CT, Brumm KT, Anis S, Chin J, Jiang K, Pathak MM, Liu WF. Crosstalk Between CD11b and Piezo1 Mediates Macrophage Responses to Mechanical Cues. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689397. [PMID: 34630381 PMCID: PMC8493066 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are versatile cells of the innate immune system that perform diverse functions by responding to dynamic changes in their microenvironment. While the effects of soluble cues, including cytokines and chemokines, have been widely studied, the effects of physical cues, including mechanical stimuli, in regulating macrophage form and function are less well understood. In this study, we examined the effects of static and cyclic uniaxial stretch on macrophage inflammatory and healing activation. We found that cyclic stretch altered macrophage morphology and responses to IFNγ/LPS and IL4/IL13. Interestingly, we found that both static and cyclic stretch suppressed IFNγ/LPS induced inflammation. In contrast, IL4/IL13 mediated healing responses were suppressed with cyclic but enhanced with static stretch conditions. Mechanistically, both static and cyclic stretch increased expression of the integrin CD11b (αM integrin), decreased expression of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1, and knock down of either CD11b or Piezo1 through siRNA abrogated stretch-mediated changes in inflammatory responses. Moreover, we found that knock down of CD11b enhanced the expression of Piezo1, and conversely knock down of Piezo1 enhanced CD11b expression, suggesting the potential for crosstalk between integrins and ion channels. Finally, stretch-mediated differences in macrophage activation were also dependent on actin, since pharmacological inhibition of actin polymerization abrogated the changes in activation with stretch. Together, this study demonstrates that the physical environment synergizes with biochemical cues to regulate macrophage morphology and function, and suggests a role for CD11b and Piezo1 crosstalk in mechanotransduction in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Atcha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Vijaykumar S. Meli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Chase T. Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kyle T. Brumm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Sara Anis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Chin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Medha M. Pathak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Wendy F. Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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29
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Walker M, Godin M, Pelling AE. Mechanical stretch sustains myofibroblast phenotype and function in microtissues through latent TGF-β1 activation. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 12:199-210. [PMID: 32877929 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing methods to study tissue mechanics and myofibroblast activation may lead to new targets for therapeutic treatments that are urgently needed for fibrotic disease. Microtissue arrays are a promising approach to conduct relatively high-throughput research into fibrosis as they recapitulate key biomechanical aspects of the disease through a relevant 3D extracellular environment. In early work, our group developed a device called the MVAS-force to stretch microtissues while enabling simultaneous assessment of their dynamic mechanical behavior. Here, we investigated TGF-β1-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation in microtissue cultures using our MVAS-force device through assessing α-SMA expression, contractility and stiffness. In doing so, we linked cell-level phenotypic changes to functional changes that characterize the clinical manifestation of fibrotic disease. As expected, TGF-β1 treatment promoted a myofibroblastic phenotype and microtissues became stiffer and possessed increased contractility. These changes were partially reversible upon TGF-β1 withdrawal under a static condition, while, in contrast, long-term cyclic stretching maintained myofibroblast activation. This pro-fibrotic effect of mechanical stretching was absent when TGF-β1 receptors were inhibited. Furthermore, stretching promoted myofibroblast differentiation when microtissues were given latent TGF-β1. Altogether, these results suggest that external mechanical stretch may activate latent TGF-β1 and, accordingly, might be a powerful stimulus for continued myofibroblast activation to progress fibrosis. Further exploration of this pathway with our approach may yield new insights into myofibroblast activation and more effective therapeutic treatments for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Walker
- Department of Biology, Gendron Hall, 30 Marie Curie, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N5N5, Canada
| | - Michel Godin
- Department of Physics, 150 Louis Pasteur pvt., STEM Complex, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colonel By Hall, 161 Louis Pasteur, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada.,Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Colonel By Hall, 161 Louis Pasteur, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Andrew E Pelling
- Department of Biology, Gendron Hall, 30 Marie Curie, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N5N5, Canada.,Department of Physics, 150 Louis Pasteur pvt., STEM Complex, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.,Institute for Science Society and Policy, Simard Hall, 60 University, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N5N5, Canada.,SymbioticA, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Lengyel M, Enyedi P, Czirják G. Negative Influence by the Force: Mechanically Induced Hyperpolarization via K 2P Background Potassium Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169062. [PMID: 34445768 PMCID: PMC8396510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The two-pore domain K2P subunits form background (leak) potassium channels, which are characterized by constitutive, although not necessarily constant activity, at all membrane potential values. Among the fifteen pore-forming K2P subunits encoded by the KCNK genes, the three members of the TREK subfamily, TREK-1, TREK-2, and TRAAK are mechanosensitive ion channels. Mechanically induced opening of these channels generally results in outward K+ current under physiological conditions, with consequent hyperpolarization and inhibition of membrane potential-dependent cellular functions. In the past decade, great advances have been made in the investigation of the molecular determinants of mechanosensation, and members of the TREK subfamily have emerged among the best-understood examples of mammalian ion channels directly influenced by the tension of the phospholipid bilayer. In parallel, the crucial contribution of mechano-gated TREK channels to the regulation of membrane potential in several cell types has been reported. In this review, we summarize the general principles underlying the mechanical activation of K2P channels, and focus on the physiological roles of mechanically induced hyperpolarization.
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Mazzo MR, Weinman LE, Giustino V, Mclagan B, Maldonado J, Enoka RM. Changes in neural drive to calf muscles during steady submaximal contractions after repeated static stretches. J Physiol 2021; 599:4321-4336. [PMID: 34292610 DOI: 10.1113/jp281875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Repeated static-stretching interventions consistently increase the range of motion about a joint and decrease total joint stiffness, but findings on the changes in muscle and connective-tissue properties are mixed. The influence of these stretch-induced changes on muscle function at submaximal forces is unknown. To address this gap in knowledge, the changes in neural drive to the plantar flexor muscles after a static-stretch intervention were estimated. Neural drive to the plantar flexor muscles during a low-force contraction increased after repeated static stretches. These findings suggest that adjustments in motor unit activity are necessary at low forces to accommodate reductions in the force-generating and transmission capabilities of the muscle-tendon unit after repeated static stretches of the calf muscles. ABSTRACT Static stretching decreases stiffness about a joint, but its influence on muscle-tendon unit function and muscle activation is unclear. We investigated the influence of three static stretches on changes in neural drive to the plantar flexor muscles, both after a stretch intervention and after a set of maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs). Estimates of neural drive were obtained during submaximal isometric contractions by decomposing high-density electromyographic signals into the activity of individual motor units from medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius and soleus. Motor units were matched across contractions and an estimate of neural drive to the plantar flexors was calculated by normalizing the cumulative spike train to the number of active motor units (normalized neural drive). Mean discharge rate increased after the stretch intervention during the 10% MVC task for all recorded motor units and those matched across conditions (all, P = 0.0046; matched only, P = 0.002), recruitment threshold decreased for motor units matched across contractions (P = 0.022), and discharge rate at recruitment was elevated (P = 0.004). Similarly, the estimate of normalized neural drive was significantly greater after the stretch intervention at 10% MVC torque (P = 0.029), but not at 35% MVC torque. The adjustments in motor unit activity required to complete the 10% MVC task after stretch may have been partially attenuated by a set of plantar flexor MVCs. The increase in neural drive required to produce low plantar-flexion torques after repeated static stretches of the calf muscles suggests stretch-induced changes in muscle and connective tissue properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Mazzo
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Logan E Weinman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Valerio Giustino
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Bailey Mclagan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - John Maldonado
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Roger M Enoka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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32
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Singh A, Magee R, Balasubramanian S. An In Vitro Study to Investigate Biomechanical Responses of Peripheral Nerves in Hypoxic Neonatal Piglets. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:1109663. [PMID: 34041534 DOI: 10.1115/1.4051283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite occurrence of neonatal hypoxia and peripheral nerve injuries in complicated birthing scenarios, the effect of hypoxia on the biomechanical responses of neonatal peripheral nerves is not studied. In this study, neonatal brachial plexus (BP) and tibial nerves, obtained from eight normal and eight hypoxic 3-5-day-old piglets, were tested in uniaxial tension until failure at a rate of 0.01 mm/s or 10 mm/s. Failure load, stress, and modulus of elasticity were reported to be significantly lower in hypoxic neonatal BP and tibial nerves than respective normal tissue at both 0.01 and 10 mm/s rates. Failure strain was significantly lower in the hypoxic neonatal BP nerves only at 10 mm/s rate when compared to normal BP nerve. This is the first available data that indicate weaker mechanical behavior of hypoxic neonatal peripheral nerves as compared to normal tissue and offer an understanding of the biomechanical responses of peripheral nerves of hypoxic neonatal piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Singh
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013
| | - Rachel Magee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sriram Balasubramanian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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33
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Ploeg MC, Munts C, Prinzen FW, Turner NA, van Bilsen M, van Nieuwenhoven FA. Piezo1 Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Mediates Stretch-Induced Nppb Expression in Adult Rat Cardiac Fibroblasts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071745. [PMID: 34359915 PMCID: PMC8303625 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to stretch, cardiac tissue produces natriuretic peptides, which have been suggested to have beneficial effects in heart failure patients. In the present study, we explored the mechanism of stretch-induced brain natriuretic peptide (Nppb) expression in cardiac fibroblasts. Primary adult rat cardiac fibroblasts subjected to 4 h or 24 h of cyclic stretch (10% 1 Hz) showed a 6.6-fold or 3.2-fold (p < 0.05) increased mRNA expression of Nppb, as well as induction of genes related to myofibroblast differentiation. Moreover, BNP protein secretion was upregulated 5.3-fold in stretched cardiac fibroblasts. Recombinant BNP inhibited TGFβ1-induced Acta2 expression. Nppb expression was >20-fold higher in cardiomyocytes than in cardiac fibroblasts, indicating that cardiac fibroblasts were not the main source of Nppb in the healthy heart. Yoda1, an agonist of the Piezo1 mechanosensitive ion channel, increased Nppb expression 2.1-fold (p < 0.05) and significantly induced other extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling genes. Silencing of Piezo1 reduced the stretch-induced Nppb and Tgfb1 expression in cardiac fibroblasts. In conclusion, our study identifies Piezo1 as mediator of stretch-induced Nppb expression, as well as other remodeling genes, in cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike C. Ploeg
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.C.P.); (C.M.); (F.W.P.); (M.v.B.)
| | - Chantal Munts
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.C.P.); (C.M.); (F.W.P.); (M.v.B.)
| | - Frits W. Prinzen
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.C.P.); (C.M.); (F.W.P.); (M.v.B.)
| | - Neil A. Turner
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Marc van Bilsen
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.C.P.); (C.M.); (F.W.P.); (M.v.B.)
| | - Frans A. van Nieuwenhoven
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.C.P.); (C.M.); (F.W.P.); (M.v.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Vasse GF, Nizamoglu M, Heijink IH, Schlepütz M, van Rijn P, Thomas MJ, Burgess JK, Melgert BN. Macrophage-stroma interactions in fibrosis: biochemical, biophysical, and cellular perspectives. J Pathol 2021; 254:344-357. [PMID: 33506963 PMCID: PMC8252758 DOI: 10.1002/path.5632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis results from aberrant wound healing and is characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix, impairing the function of an affected organ. Increased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, disruption of matrix degradation, but also abnormal post-translational modifications alter the biochemical composition and biophysical properties of the tissue microenvironment - the stroma. Macrophages are known to play an important role in wound healing and tissue repair, but the direct influence of fibrotic stroma on macrophage behaviour is still an under-investigated element in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In this review, the current knowledge on interactions between macrophages and (fibrotic) stroma will be discussed from biochemical, biophysical, and cellular perspectives. Furthermore, we provide future perspectives with regard to how macrophage-stroma interactions can be examined further to ultimately facilitate more specific targeting of these interactions in the treatment of fibrosis. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenda F Vasse
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenBiomedical Engineering Department‐FB40GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials ScienceGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular PharmacologyGroningen Research Institute for PharmacyGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mehmet Nizamoglu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of PulmonologyGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco Schlepütz
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenBiomedical Engineering Department‐FB40GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials ScienceGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Thomas
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials ScienceGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Barbro N Melgert
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular PharmacologyGroningen Research Institute for PharmacyGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
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Tfelt-Hansen P, Meritam Larsen P, van Deurs U, Fabricius M. Can tendon reflexes be elicited by both stretch and vibration in man? Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02191. [PMID: 34047063 PMCID: PMC8323037 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY When the biceps tendon is tapped, a contraction is elicited in the biceps muscle. This also occurs with tapping of the radial bone, and it has been suggested that vibration is a stimulus for deep tendon reflexes. We investigated whether the normal stimulus for the deep tendon reflex is a sudden stretch, a phasic vibration, or both. Furthermore, we investigated the importance of forearm position for the reflex response in controls and stroke patients. METHODS We investigated 50 neurological outpatients without clinical signs of neurological disorders in the arms. The biceps tendon and distal radius were tapped with the forearm in the midway (90°), supinated, and pronated positions. In 10 of these patients, the two reflexes were also investigated with quantitative electromyography (EMG) measurements in the 3 positions. Another 10 patients were investigated clinically when stretch of elbow was eliminated and 17 patients were examined when prestretching of the biceps tendon was avoided. Finally, we examined 32 patients that had experienced stroke. RESULTS In 94% (47/50) of patients, after a radial tap, the biceps contraction disappeared in the supinated forearm, and the median peak-to-peak amplitude of the surface EMG response (n = 10) decreased from 1.1 to 0.2 mV (p < .01). Elimination of elbow stretch as well as pressure on the biceps tendon did not change the reflex response. In 84% (27/32) of stroke patients, after a radial tap, the biceps contraction persisted in supination in the arm with hyperreflexia. CONCLUSION The combined clinical and EMG results are consistent with the concept that the deep tendon reflexes in man can be elicited by both stretch and phasic vibration. Clinicians should be aware that the brachioradial reflex depends on the forearm position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peer Tfelt-Hansen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Pirgit Meritam Larsen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Ulla van Deurs
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Martin Fabricius
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
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36
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Herrington CS, Poulsom R, Koeppen H, Coates PJ. Recent Advances in Pathology: the 2021 Annual Review Issue of The Journal of Pathology. J Pathol 2021; 254:303-306. [PMID: 34097314 DOI: 10.1002/path.5687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The 2021 Annual Review Issue of The Journal of Pathology contains 14 invited reviews on current research areas of particular importance in pathology. The subjects included here reflect the broad range of interests covered by the journal, including both basic and applied research fields but always with the aim of improving our understanding of human disease. This year, our reviews encompass the huge impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the development and application of biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors, recent advances in multiplexing antigen/nucleic acid detection in situ, the use of genomics to aid drug discovery, organoid methodologies in research, the microbiome in cancer, the role of macrophage-stroma interactions in fibrosis, and TGF-β as a driver of fibrosis in multiple pathologies. Other reviews revisit the p53 field and its lack of clinical impact to date, dissect the genetics of mitochondrial diseases, summarise the cells of origin and genetics of sarcomagenesis, provide new data on the role of TRIM28 in tumour predisposition, review our current understanding of cancer stem cell niches, and the function and regulation of p63. The reviews are authored by experts in their field from academia and industry, and provide comprehensive updates of the chosen areas, in which there has been considerable recent progress. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Simon Herrington
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard Poulsom
- The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, UK
| | | | - Philip J Coates
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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37
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Abstract
Biophysical cues, such as mechanical properties, play a critical role in tissue growth and homeostasis. During organ development and tissue injury repair, compressive and tensional forces generated by cell-extracellular matrix or cell-cell interaction are key factors for cell fate determination. In the vascular system, hemodynamic forces, shear stress, and cyclic stretch modulate vascular cell phenotypes and susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Despite that emerging efforts have been made to investigate how mechanotransduction is involved in tuning cell and tissue functions in various contexts, the regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. One of the challenges is to understand the signaling cascades that transmit mechanical cues from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm and then to the nuclei to generate mechanoresponsive transcriptomes. YAP and its homolog TAZ, the Hippo pathway effectors, have been identified as key mechanotransducers that sense mechanical stimuli and relay the signals to control transcriptional programs for cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation. However, the upstream mechanosensors for YAP/TAZ signaling and downstream transcriptome responses following YAP/TAZ activation or repression have not been well characterized. Moreover, the mechanoregulation of YAP/TAZ in literature is highly context-dependent. In this review, we summarize the biomechanical cues in the tissue microenvironment and provide an update on the roles of YAP/TAZ in mechanotransduction in various physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kuei-Chun Wang
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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38
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Wang A, Cao S, Stowe JC, Valdez-Jasso D. Substrate Stiffness and Stretch Regulate Profibrotic Mechanosignaling in Pulmonary Arterial Adventitial Fibroblasts. Cells 2021; 10:1000. [PMID: 33922850 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial adventitial fibroblasts (PAAFs) are important regulators of fibrotic vascular remodeling during the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a disease that currently has no effective anti-fibrotic treatments. We conducted in-vitro experiments in PAAFs cultured on hydrogels attached to custom-made equibiaxial stretchers at 10% stretch and substrate stiffnesses representing the mechanical conditions of mild and severe stages of PAH. The expression of collagens α(1)I and α(1)III and elastin messenger RNAs (Col1a1, Col3a1, Eln) were upregulated by increased stretch and substrate stiffness, while lysyl oxidase-like 1 and α-smooth muscle actin messenger RNAs (Loxl1, Acta2) were only significantly upregulated when the cells were grown on matrices with an elevated stiffness representative of mild PAH but not on a stiffness representative of severe PAH. Fibronectin messenger RNA (Fn1) levels were significantly induced by increased substrate stiffness and transiently upregulated by stretch at 4 h, but was not significantly altered by stretch at 24 h. We modified our published computational network model of the signaling pathways that regulate profibrotic gene expression in PAAFs to allow for differential regulation of mechanically-sensitive nodes by stretch and stiffness. When the model was modified so that stiffness activated integrin β3, the Macrophage Stimulating 1 or 2 (MST1\2) kinases, angiotensin II (Ang II), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and syndecan-4, and stretch-regulated integrin β3, MST1\2, Ang II, and the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel, the model correctly predicted the upregulation of all six genes by increased stiffness and the observed responses to stretch in five out of six genes, although it could not replicate the non-monotonic effects of stiffness on Loxl1 and Acta2 expression. Blocking Ang II Receptor Type 1 (AT1R) with losartan in-vitro uncovered an interaction between the effects of stretch and stiffness and angiotensin-independent activation of Fn1 expression by stretch in PAAFs grown on 3-kPa matrices. This novel combination of in-vitro and in-silico models of PAAF profibrotic cell signaling in response to altered mechanical conditions may help identify regulators of vascular adventitial remodeling due to changes in stretch and matrix stiffness that occur during the progression of PAH in-vivo.
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39
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Scarborough DM, Leonard NK, Mayer LW, Oh LS, Berkson EM. The Association of Baseball Pitch Delivery and Kinematic Sequence on Stresses at the Shoulder and Elbow Joints. J Sports Sci Med 2021; 20:94-100. [PMID: 33707992 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although there is a commonly held belief within the baseball community that delivery from the stretch confers more stress at the elbow and shoulder joints than delivery from the windup, there remains little evidence in the literature investigating this hypothesis. This study aimed to help address this gap in the literature by studying both intra-pitcher kinematic sequence variability, and intra-pitcher joint torque variability when throwing from the windup vs. the stretch. We hypothesized that 1) each pitchers' kinematic sequence would remain similar whether throwing from the windup or stretch, and 2) Kinematic sequence would influence peak arm torque more than delivery method. This cross-sectional 3D biomechanical study included 88 pitches thrown by ten (6 collegiate, 4 high school) pitchers with a mean age of 17.60 ± 2.63 years. Pitch velocity, throwing shoulder/elbow torques and the kinematic sequence of each pitch utilizing segmental peak angular velocities were captured. No statistically significant differences in ball velocity (p = 0.17), peak shoulder external rotation torque (p = 0.80), shoulder extension torque (p = 0.97), or elbow valgus torque (p = 0.83) were found between delivery approaches. Three primary kinematic sequences were identified. Shoulder external rotation torque [F(53,2) = 10.992, ɳ2 = .293, p < 0.00], shoulder extension torque [F(53,2) = 15.517, ɳ2 = .369, p < 0.00] and elbow valgus torque [F(53,2) = 9.994, ɳ2 = .274, p < 0.00] did vary significantly across these three kinematic sequence patterns. Our data suggest that the kinematic sequence influences shoulder and elbow torque more than the delivery approach. Instructing ideal kinematic sequence may be more influential for injury avoidance than delivery method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Moxley Scarborough
- Sports Medicine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas K Leonard
- Sports Medicine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucas W Mayer
- Sports Medicine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luke S Oh
- Sports Medicine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric M Berkson
- Sports Medicine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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40
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Li X, Garcia-Elias A, Benito B, Nattel S. The effects of cardiac stretch on atrial fibroblasts: Analysis of the evidence and potential role in atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:440-460. [PMID: 33576384 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important clinical problem. Chronic pressure/volume overload of the atria promotes AF, particularly via enhanced extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation manifested as tissue fibrosis. Loading of cardiac cells causes cell-stretch that is generally considered to promote fibrosis by directly activating fibroblasts, the key cell-type responsible for ECM-production. The primary purpose of this article is to review the evidence regarding direct effects of stretch on cardiac fibroblasts, specifically: (i) the similarities and differences among studies in observed effects of stretch on cardiac-fibroblast function; (ii) the signaling-pathways implicated; and (iii) the factors that affect stretch-related phenotypes. Our review summarizes the most important findings and limitations in this area and gives an overview of clinical data and animal models related to cardiac stretch, with particular emphasis on the atria. We suggest that the evidence regarding direct fibroblast activation by stretch is weak and inconsistent, in part because of variability among studies in key experimental conditions that govern the results. Further work is needed to clarify whether, in fact, stretch induces direct activation of cardiac fibroblasts and if so, to elucidate the determining factors to ensure reproducible results. If mechanical load on fibroblasts proves not to be clearly profibrotic by direct actions, other mechanisms like paracrine influences, the effects of systemic mediators and/or the direct consequences of myocardial injury or death, might account for the link between cardiac stretch and fibrosis. Clarity in this area is needed to improve our understanding of AF pathophysiology and assist in therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixiao Li
- Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anna Garcia-Elias
- Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Begoña Benito
- Vascular Biology and Metabolism Program, Vall d'Hebrón Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology of the Université de Montréal Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,IHU LIRYC and Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France
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Lo CL, Hsueh YH, Wang CH, Chang HY. Comparison of the Acute Effects of Kinesio Taping and Sleeper Stretching on the Shoulder Rotation Range of Motion, Manual Muscle Strength, and Sub-Acromial Space in Pitchers with Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57020102. [PMID: 33498704 PMCID: PMC7912309 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Sleeper stretching (SS) can improve the shoulder's range of motion (ROM) for pitchers with glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD). However, no evidence has proven the effect of Kinesio taping (KT) on shoulder strength and ROM. Therefore, this study compared the effects of SS and KT on shoulder rotation ROM, muscle strength, and sub-acromial distance in pitchers with GIRD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-one pitchers with GIRD were allocated into control, KT, and SS groups. Shoulder rotation ROM, muscle strength, and sub-acromial space were measured before and after treatment with SS or KT. RESULTS The results revealed that KT and SS significantly enhanced shoulder rotation ROM in pitchers with GIRD. External rotator strength significantly increased following KT but significantly decreased after SS. KT and SS exerted no effects on the sub-acromial space. CONCLUSIONS KT and SS improve shoulder rotation ROM in pitchers with GIRD. In addition, KT improves shoulder external rotator strength, and SS reduces it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ling Lo
- Department of Physical Medicine, Cheng Ching General Hospital, Taichung 40764, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Hsin Hsueh
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 640301, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Hou Wang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Physical Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Chang
- Department of Athletic Training and Health, National Taiwan Sports University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-328-3201 (ext. 2503/2141)
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42
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Rindom E, Herskind J, Blaauw B, Overgaard K, Vissing K, Paoli FV. Concomitant excitation and tension development are required for myocellular gene expression and protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13540. [PMID: 32687678 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Loading-induced tension development is often assumed to constitute an independent cue to initiate muscle protein synthesis following resistance exercise. However, with traditional physiological models of resistance exercise, changes in loading-induced tension development also reflect changes in neural activation patterns, and direct evidence for a mechanosensitive mechanism is therefore limited. Here, we sought to examine the importance of excitation and tension development per se on initiation of signalling, gene transcription and protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle. METHODS Isolated rat extensor digitorum longus muscles were allocated to the following interventions: (a) Excitation-induced eccentric contractions (ECC); (b) Passive stretching without excitation (PAS); (c) Excitation with inhibition of contractions (STIM + IMA ) and; (d) Excitation in combination with both inhibition of contractions and PAS (STIM + IMA + PAS). Assessment of transcriptional and translational signalling, gene transcription and acute muscle protein synthesis was compared in stimulated vs contra-lateral non-stimulated control muscle. RESULTS Protein synthesis increased solely in muscles subjected to a combination of excitation and tension development (ECC and STIM + IMA + PAS). The same pattern was true for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling for gene transcription as well as for gene transcription of immediate early genes FOS and JUN. In contrast, mechanistic target of rapamycin Complex 1 signalling for translation initiation increased in all muscles subjected to increased tension development (ECC and STIM + IMA + PAS as well as PAS). CONCLUSIONS The current study suggests that exercise-induced increases in protein synthesis as well as transcriptional signalling is dependent on the concomitant effect of excitation and tension development, whereas signalling for translation initiation is only dependent of tension development per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Rindom
- Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Jon Herskind
- Section for Sport Science Department of Public Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Bert Blaauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Kristian Overgaard
- Section for Sport Science Department of Public Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Kristian Vissing
- Section for Sport Science Department of Public Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Frank V. Paoli
- Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
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43
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Boycott HE, Nguyen MN, Vrellaku B, Gehmlich K, Robinson P. Nitric Oxide and Mechano-Electrical Transduction in Cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2020; 11:606740. [PMID: 33384614 PMCID: PMC7770138 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.606740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability§ of the heart to adapt to changes in the mechanical environment is critical for normal cardiac physiology. The role of nitric oxide is increasingly recognized as a mediator of mechanical signaling. Produced in the heart by nitric oxide synthases, nitric oxide affects almost all mechano-transduction pathways within the cardiomyocyte, with roles mediating mechano-sensing, mechano-electric feedback (via modulation of ion channel activity), and calcium handling. As more precise experimental techniques for applying mechanical stresses to cells are developed, the role of these forces in cardiomyocyte function can be further understood. Furthermore, specific inhibitors of different nitric oxide synthase isoforms are now available to elucidate the role of these enzymes in mediating mechano-electrical signaling. Understanding of the links between nitric oxide production and mechano-electrical signaling is incomplete, particularly whether mechanically sensitive ion channels are regulated by nitric oxide, and how this affects the cardiac action potential. This is of particular relevance to conditions such as atrial fibrillation and heart failure, in which nitric oxide production is reduced. Dysfunction of the nitric oxide/mechano-electrical signaling pathways are likely to be a feature of cardiac pathology (e.g., atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure) and a better understanding of the importance of nitric oxide signaling and its links to mechanical regulation of heart function may advance our understanding of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Boycott
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - My-Nhan Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Besarte Vrellaku
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Robinson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Zhao J, Nakahira K, Kimura A, Kyotani Y, Yoshizumi M. Upregulation of iNOS Protects Cyclic Mechanical Stretch-Induced Cell Death in Rat Aorta Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228660. [PMID: 33212839 PMCID: PMC7698365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic dissection and aneurysm are associated with abnormal hemodynamic loads originating from hypertension. Our previous study demonstrated that cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS, mimicked hypertension) caused the death of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) in a mitogen activated-protein kinases (MAPKs)-dependent manner. The current study investigated the effects of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on CMS-induced RASMC death. cDNA microarrays for CMS-treated RASMCs showed that iNOS expression levels were increased in response to CMS. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis demonstrated that this increase was p38 MAPK (p38)-dependent. NO production was also increased. This increase could be inhibited by p38 and iNOS inhibitors. Thus, CMS-induced iNOS synthesized NO. CMS-induced cell death in RASMCs was increased by the iNOS inhibitor but abrogated by the long-acting NO donor DETA-NONOate. Increased iNOS expression was confirmed in the abdominal aortic constriction mouse model. Signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) was activated in stretched RASMCs, and iNOS expression and NO production were inhibited by the STAT1 inhibitor nifuroxazide. Our findings suggest that RASMCs were protected by iNOS from CMS-stimulated cell death through the STAT1 and p38 signal pathways independently.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Aorta/enzymology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Male
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Stress, Mechanical
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.K.); (M.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-744-22-3051; Fax: +81-744-29-0510
| | - Kiichi Nakahira
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.K.); (M.Y.)
| | - Akihiko Kimura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan;
| | - Yoji Kyotani
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.K.); (M.Y.)
| | - Masanori Yoshizumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.K.); (M.Y.)
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45
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Zhang W, Huang G, Xu F. Engineering Biomaterials and Approaches for Mechanical Stretching of Cells in Three Dimensions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:589590. [PMID: 33154967 PMCID: PMC7591716 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.589590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stretch is widely experienced by cells of different tissues in the human body and plays critical roles in regulating their behaviors. Numerous studies have been devoted to investigating the responses of cells to mechanical stretch, providing us with fruitful findings. However, these findings have been mostly observed from two-dimensional studies and increasing evidence suggests that cells in three dimensions may behave more closely to their in vivo behaviors. While significant efforts and progresses have been made in the engineering of biomaterials and approaches for mechanical stretching of cells in three dimensions, much work remains to be done. Here, we briefly review the state-of-the-art researches in this area, with focus on discussing biomaterial considerations and stretching approaches. We envision that with the development of advanced biomaterials, actuators and microengineering technologies, more versatile and predictive three-dimensional cell stretching models would be available soon for extensive applications in such fields as mechanobiology, tissue engineering, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoyou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Tanaka S, Inaoka PT, Yano A, Nakagawa T, Yamazaki T. Fast repetitive stretch suppresses denervation-induced muscle fibrosis. Muscle Nerve 2020; 62:746-756. [PMID: 32893367 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to examine the influence of different speeds of stretching on denervation-induced skeletal muscle fibrosis. METHODS Stretching was passively applied to rat plantaris muscle denervated by sciatic nerve excision in three different cycles of 0.5, 3, or 12 cycles/min, for 20 min/d for 2 weeks. RESULTS Gene analysis results showed greater expression of fibrosis-related factors with fast stretching compared with non-stretched muscle. Laser Doppler blood flow analysis indicated reduced intramuscular blood flow during stretching. Histological analysis demonstrated fibrotic area decreases in 12 cycles/min stretched muscle compared with non-stretched muscle. CONCLUSIONS Slower stretching induced greater mRNA expression of collagen and fibroblasts and greater decrement of blood flow. Histologically, faster stretching suppressed fibrosis. These results suggest that fast repetitive stretching of denervated muscle might suppress processes of muscle fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Pleiades Tiharu Inaoka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Asami Yano
- Centers of Rehabilitation, Asanogawa General Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takao Nakagawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yamazaki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Ballan N, Shaheen N, Keller GM, Gepstein L. Single-Cell Mechanical Analysis of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Drug Testing and Pathophysiological Studies. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:587-596. [PMID: 32763158 PMCID: PMC7486198 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Current platforms for studying the mechanical properties of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) as single cells do not measure forces directly, require numerous assumptions, and cannot study cell mechanics at different loading conditions. We present a method for directly measuring the active and passive forces generated by single-cell hPSC-CMs at different stretch levels. Utilizing this technique, single hPSC-CMs exhibited positive length-tension relationship and appropriate inotropic, klinotropic, and lusitropic changes in response to pharmacological treatments (isoproterenol and verapamil). The unique potential of the approach for drug testing and disease modeling was exemplified by doxorubicin and omecamtiv mecarbil drug studies revealing their known actions to suppress (doxorubicin) or augment (omecamtiv mecarbil at low dose) cardiomyocyte contractility, respectively. Finally, mechanistic insights were gained regarding the cellular effects of these drugs as doxorubicin treatment led to cellular mechanical alternans and high doses of omecamtiv mecarbil suppressed contractility and worsened the cellular diastolic properties. A unique approach for evaluating the mechanical properties of single-cell hPSC-CMs Both active and passive forces can be directly measured at different stretch levels The new approach can be used to evaluate drug effects and pathological conditions
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimer Ballan
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, POB 9649, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Naim Shaheen
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, POB 9649, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Gordon M Keller
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute and Princess Margaret Cancer Center, UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lior Gepstein
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, POB 9649, Haifa 3109601, Israel; Cardiolology Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
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48
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Low BH, Lin YD, Huang BW, Chia T, Bau JG, Huang HY. Impaired Microvascular Response to Muscle Stretching in Chronic Smokers With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:602. [PMID: 32596231 PMCID: PMC7300253 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cigarette smoking promotes endothelial dysfunction and is a prominent catalyst for vascular disease. This study employed laser doppler flowmetry (LDF) and spectral analysis to investigate the skin microvascular response to relatively mild stimulus of stretching in diabetic smokers. Methods The study population consisted of thirty type 2 diabetic male patients (15 smokers vs. 15 non-smokers) and 15 normal non-smoking subjects. The cutaneous blood flow of the calf at both lower limbs was measured by LDF at a supine position throughout and after muscle stretching by passive dorsiflexion of the ankle. Results Following the stretch, post-stretch reactive hyperemia (PSRH) responses were found in all subjects. However, the diabetic non-smokers had relatively higher reactive blood flow than that of the diabetic smokers. The PSRH sustained for a longer time in both diabetic non-smokers and non-diabetic non-smokers in the time domain analysis. By spectral analysis, an observed discrepancy between that of diabetic smokers and diabetic non-smokers was statistically significant. Specifically, the frequency intervals corresponded to a nitric oxide dependent endothelial activity. In addition, an excessive response induced by stretching in frequency intervals of neurogenic activity, when compared with the non-smoking control, was found on diabetic non-smokers. Conclusion All subjects expressed the PSRH effect in cutaneous microcirculation after a 10-s stretch stimulus; however, this effect was observed at a significantly lower intensity in chronic smokers with diabetes. The spectral analysis of the skin blood flow signals provides a pathological index for the assessment of the endothelial dysfunction induced by cigarette smoking. Furthermore, the discrepancy of neurovascular function between that of diabetic non-smokers and normal subjects could also be distinguished via the variations of the spectrum related to neurogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon-Hua Low
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Der Lin
- Department of Automatic Control Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Wen Huang
- Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Taipau Chia
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Guo Bau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yu Huang
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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49
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Nishikawa N, Chakrabarty B, Kitney D, Jabr R, Kanai A, Fry C. Stretch- and carbachol-induced ATP release from bladder wall preparations of young and aged mice. Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 39:1644-1652. [PMID: 32531080 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Bladder wall stretch increases tissue tension and releases adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) as part of a transduction process to sense bladder filling. Aging is associated with bladder fibrosis to produce a stiffer bladder wall: this may augment ATP release and contribute to age-dependent urgency. Muscarinic agonists also release ATP and present a potential target for antimuscarinic agents, but its age-dependency is unknown. This study aimed, in young and old mice, to: (a) quantify the relationship between bladder wall stiffness and stretch-dependent ATP release and; (b) characterize muscarinic agonist-dependent release. METHODS ATP release from young (9-12 weeks) and aged (24 months) mouse bladder wall was measured in vitro, with a luciferin-luciferase assay, after stretch or carbachol exposure. Bladder wall stiffness, measured simultaneously during stretch, was compared to histological proportions of connective tissue and detrusor muscle. RESULTS With young mice, stretch-activated ATP release required an intact mucosa and was positively associated with wall stiffness. ATP release by carbachol was about four-fold greater compared to stretch. With aged mice: ATP release varied a hundred-fold and no association with stiffness; carbachol release diminished; connective tissue and mucosa thickness increased. CONCLUSIONS With young mice, stretch, or muscarinic agonists potently induce bladder wall ATP release. Stretch-dependent release is proportional to bladder wall stiffness, independent of the extent of stretch. With aged mice dependence of stretch-activated ATP release with stiffness was lost. The huge variability of release suggests that aged mice do not form a homogenous cohort and may underlie the heterogeneity in bladder filling sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Nishikawa
- The School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Basu Chakrabarty
- The School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Darryl Kitney
- The School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Rita Jabr
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Anthony Kanai
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher Fry
- The School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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50
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Homma J, Shimizu S, Sekine H, Matsuura K, Shimizu T. A novel method to align cells in a cardiac tissue-like construct fabricated by cell sheet-based tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:944-954. [PMID: 32478904 DOI: 10.1002/term.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of cardiac tissue from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) has received great interest, but a major challenge facing researchers is the alignment of cardiomyocytes in the same direction to optimize force generation. We have developed a novel method of fabricating a cardiac tissue-like construct with aligned cells based on the unidirectional stretching of an hiPS-CM sheet. A square cell sheet was harvested from a temperature-responsive culture dish and placed on a silicone surface, and an extending force was imposed on the silicone to stretch the cell sheet along one direction. To enable evaluation of cardiomyocyte morphology in vitro, a cell sheet was constructed by coculture of hiPS-CMs and human adipose-derived stem cells. In separate experiments, a stretched double-layered cell sheet constructed from hiPS-CMs alone was transplanted onto the muscle of an athymic rat, and its features were compared with those of a nonstretched (control) cell sheet. Immediately after stretching, the stretched cell sheet was significantly longer than the control cell sheet. Immunohistological analysis revealed that the cardiomyocytes showed unidirectional alignment in the stretched cell sheet but random directionality in the control cell sheet. Two weeks after transplantation, immunohistology demonstrated that the stretched cell sheet had retained the unidirectionality of its myocardial fibers and had an orientation intensity that was higher than that of the control cell sheet after transplantation or the stretched cell sheet before transplantation. Our technique provides a simple method of aligning an hiPS-CM-derived cardiac tissue-like construct without the use of a scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Homma
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Shimizu
- Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Sekine
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Matsuura
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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