1
|
Wang K, Armour CH, Guo B, Dong Z, Xu XY. A new method for scaling inlet flow waveform in hemodynamic analysis of aortic dissection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2024:e3855. [PMID: 39051141 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have shown great potentials in cardiovascular disease diagnosis and postoperative assessment. Patient-specific and well-tuned boundary conditions are key to obtaining accurate and reliable hemodynamic results. However, CFD simulations are usually performed under non-patient-specific flow conditions due to the absence of in vivo flow and pressure measurements. This study proposes a new method to overcome this challenge by tuning inlet boundary conditions using data extracted from electrocardiogram (ECG). Five patient-specific geometric models of type B aortic dissection were reconstructed from computed tomography (CT) images. Other available data included stoke volume (SV), ECG, and 4D-flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). ECG waveforms were processed to extract patient-specific systole to diastole ratio (SDR). Inlet boundary conditions were defined based on a generic aortic flow waveform tuned using (1) SV only, and (2) with ECG and SV (ECG + SV). 4D-flow MRI derived inlet boundary conditions were also used in patient-specific simulations to provide the gold standard for comparison and validation. Simulations using inlet flow waveform tuned with ECG + SV not only successfully reproduced flow distributions in the descending aorta but also provided accurate prediction of time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) in the primary entry tear (PET) and abdominal regions, as well as maximum pressure difference, ∆Pmax, from the aortic root to the distal false lumen. Compared with simulations with inlet waveform tuned with SV alone, using ECG + SV in the tuning method significantly reduced the error in false lumen ejection fraction at the PET (from 149.1% to 6.2%), reduced errors in TAWSS at the PET (from 54.1% to 5.7%) and in the abdominal region (from 61.3% to 11.1%), and improved ∆Pmax prediction (from 283.1% to 18.8%) However, neither of these inlet waveforms could be used for accurate prediction of TAWSS in the ascending aorta. This study demonstrates the importance of SDR in tailoring inlet flow waveforms for patient-specific hemodynamic simulations. A well-tuned flow waveform is essential for ensuring that the simulation results are patient-specific, thereby enhancing the confidence and fidelity of computational tools in future clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaihong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chlöe H Armour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Baolei Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Dong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Perinajová R, van de Ven T, Roelse E, Xu F, Juffermans J, Westenberg J, Lamb H, Kenjereš S. A comprehensive MRI-based computational model of blood flow in compliant aorta using radial basis function interpolation. Biomed Eng Online 2024; 23:69. [PMID: 39039565 PMCID: PMC11265469 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-024-01251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Properly understanding the origin and progression of the thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) can help prevent its growth and rupture. For a better understanding of this pathogenesis, the aortic blood flow has to be studied and interpreted in great detail. We can obtain detailed aortic blood flow information using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with a prescribed motion of the aortic wall. METHODS We performed two different types of simulations-static (rigid wall) and dynamic (moving wall) for healthy control and a patient with a TAA. For the latter, we have developed a novel morphing approach based on the radial basis function (RBF) interpolation of the segmented 4D-flow MRI geometries at different time instants. Additionally, we have applied reconstructed 4D-flow MRI velocity profiles at the inlet with an automatic registration protocol. RESULTS The simulated RBF-based movement of the aorta matched well with the original 4D-flow MRI geometries. The wall movement was most dominant in the ascending aorta, accompanied by the highest variation of the blood flow patterns. The resulting data indicated significant differences between the dynamic and static simulations, with a relative difference for the patient of 7.47±14.18% in time-averaged wall shear stress and 15.97±43.32% in the oscillatory shear index (for the whole domain). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the RBF-based morphing approach proved to be numerically accurate and computationally efficient in capturing complex kinematics of the aorta, as validated by 4D-flow MRI. We recommend this approach for future use in MRI-based CFD simulations in broad population studies. Performing these would bring a better understanding of the onset and growth of TAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romana Perinajová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
- J.M. Burgerscentrum Research School for Fluid Mechanics, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Thijn van de Ven
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Elise Roelse
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- J.M. Burgerscentrum Research School for Fluid Mechanics, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Joe Juffermans
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Westenberg
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hildo Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Saša Kenjereš
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
- J.M. Burgerscentrum Research School for Fluid Mechanics, Delft, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ninno F, Chiastra C, Colombo M, Dardik A, Strosberg D, Aboian E, Tsui J, Bartlett M, Balabani S, Díaz-Zuccarini V. Modelling lower-limb peripheral arterial disease using clinically available datasets: impact of inflow boundary conditions on hemodynamic indices for restenosis prediction. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 251:108214. [PMID: 38759252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The integration of hemodynamic markers as risk factors in restenosis prediction models for lower-limb peripheral arteries is hindered by fragmented clinical datasets. Computed tomography (CT) scans enable vessel geometry reconstruction and can be obtained at different times than the Doppler ultrasound (DUS) images, which provide information on blood flow velocity. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations allow the computation of near-wall hemodynamic indices, whose accuracy depends on the prescribed inlet boundary condition (BC), derived from the DUS images. This study aims to: (i) investigate the impact of different DUS-derived velocity waveforms on CFD results; (ii) test whether the same vessel areas, subjected to altered hemodynamics, can be detected independently of the applied inlet BC; (iii) suggest suitable DUS images to obtain reliable CFD results. METHODS CFD simulations were conducted on three patients treated with bypass surgery, using patient-specific DUS-derived inlet BCs recorded at either the same or different time points than the CT scan. The impact of the chosen inflow condition on bypass hemodynamics was assessed in terms of wall shear stress (WSS)-derived quantities. Patient-specific critical thresholds for the hemodynamic indices were applied to identify critical luminal areas and compare the results with a reference obtained with a DUS image acquired in close temporal proximity to the CT scan. RESULTS The main findings indicate that: (i) DUS-derived inlet velocity waveforms acquired at different time points than the CT scan led to statistically significantly different CFD results (p<0.001); (ii) the same luminal surface areas, exposed to low time-averaged WSS, could be identified independently of the applied inlet BCs; (iii) similar outcomes were observed for the other hemodynamic indices if the prescribed inlet velocity waveform had the same shape and comparable systolic acceleration time to the one recorded in close temporal proximity to the CT scan. CONCLUSIONS Despite a lack of standardised data collection for diseased lower-limb peripheral arteries, an accurate estimation of luminal areas subjected to altered near-wall hemodynamics is possible independently of the applied inlet BC. This holds if the applied inlet waveform shares some characteristics - derivable from the DUS report - as one matching the acquisition time of the CT scan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ninno
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK; Wellcome-EPSRC Centre for Interventional Surgical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Claudio Chiastra
- Polito(BIO)Med Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Monika Colombo
- Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alan Dardik
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - David Strosberg
- Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Edouard Aboian
- Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Janice Tsui
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Bartlett
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stavroula Balabani
- Wellcome-EPSRC Centre for Interventional Surgical Sciences, London, UK; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Díaz-Zuccarini
- Wellcome-EPSRC Centre for Interventional Surgical Sciences, London, UK; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Girardin L, Stokes C, Thet MS, Oo AY, Balabani S, Díaz-Zuccarini V. Patient-Specific Haemodynamic Analysis of Virtual Grafting Strategies in Type-B Aortic Dissection: Impact of Compliance Mismatch. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2024; 15:290-304. [PMID: 38438692 PMCID: PMC11239731 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-024-00713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Compliance mismatch between the aortic wall and Dacron Grafts is a clinical problem concerning aortic haemodynamics and morphological degeneration. The aortic stiffness introduced by grafts can lead to an increased left ventricular (LV) afterload. This study quantifies the impact of compliance mismatch by virtually testing different Type-B aortic dissection (TBAD) surgical grafting strategies in patient-specific, compliant computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A post-operative case of TBAD was segmented from computed tomography angiography data. Three virtual surgeries were generated using different grafts; two additional cases with compliant grafts were assessed. Compliant CFD simulations were performed using a patient-specific inlet flow rate and three-element Windkessel outlet boundary conditions informed by 2D-Flow MRI data. The wall compliance was calibrated using Cine-MRI images. Pressure, wall shear stress (WSS) indices and energy loss (EL) were computed. RESULTS Increased aortic stiffness and longer grafts increased aortic pressure and EL. Implementing a compliant graft matching the aortic compliance of the patient reduced the pulse pressure by 11% and EL by 4%. The endothelial cell activation potential (ECAP) differed the most within the aneurysm, where the maximum percentage difference between the reference case and the mid (MDA) and complete (CDA) descending aorta replacements increased by 16% and 20%, respectively. CONCLUSION This study suggests that by minimising graft length and matching its compliance to the native aorta whilst aligning with surgical requirements, the risk of LV hypertrophy may be reduced. This provides evidence that compliance-matching grafts may enhance patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Girardin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), University College London, 43-45 Foley Street, London, W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Catriona Stokes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), University College London, 43-45 Foley Street, London, W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Myat Soe Thet
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Aung Ye Oo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Stavroula Balabani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), University College London, 43-45 Foley Street, London, W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Vanessa Díaz-Zuccarini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), University College London, 43-45 Foley Street, London, W1W 7TS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Keramati H, Birgersson E, Kim S, Leo HL. A Monte Carlo Sensitivity Analysis for a Dimensionally Reduced-Order Model of the Aortic Dissection. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2024; 15:333-345. [PMID: 38381368 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-024-00718-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aortic dissection is associated with a high mortality rate. Although computational approaches have shed light on many aspects of the disease, a sensitivity analysis is required to determine the significance of different factors. Because of its complex geometry and high computational expense, the three-dimensional (3D) fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation is not a suitable approach for sensitivity analysis. METHODS We performed a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) to investigate the sensitivity of hemodynamic quantities to the lumped parameters of our zero-dimensional (0D) model with numerically calculated lumped parameters. We performed local and global analyses on the effect of the model parameters on important hemodynamic quantities. RESULTS The MCS showed that a larger lumped resistance value for the false lumen and the tears result in a higher retrograde flow rate in the false lumen (the coefficient of variation,c v , i = 0.0183 , the sensitivityS X i σ = 0.54 , Spearman's coefficient,ρ s = 0.464 ). For the intraluminal pressure, our results show a significant role in the resistance and inertance of the true lumen (the coefficient of variation,c v , i = 0.0640 , the sensitivityS X i σ = 0.85 , and Spearman's coefficient,ρ s = 0.855 for the inertance of the true lumen). CONCLUSION This study highlights the necessity of comparing the results of the local and global sensitivity analyses to understand the significance of multiple lumped parameters. Because of the efficiency of the method, our approach is potentially useful to investigate and analyze medical planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Keramati
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Erik Birgersson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Sangho Kim
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Hwa Liang Leo
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Messou JCE, Yeung K, Sudbrook E, Zhang J, Toursavadkohi S, Ucuzian AA, Tubaldi E. Investigating the Role of Thrombosis, Fenestration, and False Lumen Orbital Orientation in the Hemodynamics of Type B Aortic Dissection. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3997160. [PMID: 38559258 PMCID: PMC10980148 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3997160/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
While much about the fundamental mechanisms behind the initiation and progression of Type B aortic dissection (TBAD) is still unknown, predictive models based on patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can help in risk stratification and optimal clinical decision-making. Aiming at the development of personalized treatment, CFD simulations can be leveraged to investigate the interplay between complex aortic flow patterns and anatomical features. In this study, the hemodynamics of false lumen thrombosis, a large fenestration, and the orbital orientation of the false lumen is studied through image-based CFD simulations on three TBAD patient-specific geometries. A new pipeline was developed leveraging the open-source software SimVascular and Paraview to analyze multiple patients simultaneously and to achieve large-scale parallelization in CFD results based on patients' computed tomography (CT) images. The results of this study suggest that the internal orbital orientation of the false lumen contributes to maintaining a positive luminal pressure difference Δ P T L - F L = P T L - P F L between the true lumen (TL) and the false lumen (FL), despite an impingement area in the false lumen near the entry tear. A positive and high luminal pressure difference is thought to promote TL expansion and FL compression. Moreover, it was also found that both FL thrombosis at the entry tear region, and the presence of a large fenestration in the descending thoracic aorta reduce the magnitude of the negative luminal pressure difference, which in turn may reduce FL expansion and the risk of unstable aortic growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. E. Messou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kelly Yeung
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Eric Sudbrook
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jackie Zhang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Vascular & Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Shahab Toursavadkohi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Areck A. Ucuzian
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Vascular & Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, Vascular Service, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Eleonora Tubaldi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute of Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tello JP, Velez JC, Cadena A, Jutinico A, Pardo M, Percybrooks W. Blood flow effects in a patient with a thoracic aortic endovascular prosthesis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26355. [PMID: 38434340 PMCID: PMC10907539 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This work analyzes hemodynamic phenomena within the aorta of two elderly patients and their impact on blood flow behavior, particularly affected by an endovascular prosthesis in one of them (Patient II). Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was utilized for this study, involving measurements of velocity, pressure, and wall shear stress (WSS) at various time points during the third cardiac cycle, at specific positions within two cross sections of the thoracic aorta. The first cross-section (Cross-Section 1, CS1) is located before the initial fluid bifurcation, just before the right subclavian artery. The second cross-section (Cross-Section 2, CS2) is situated immediately after the left subclavian artery. The results reveal that, under regular aortic geometries, velocity and pressure magnitudes follow the principles of fluid dynamics, displaying variations. However, in Patient II, an endoprosthesis near the CS2 and the proximal border of the endoprosthesis significantly disrupts fluid behavior owing to the pulsatile flow. The cross-sectional areas of Patient I are smaller than those of Patient II, leading to higher flow magnitudes. Although in CS1 of Patient I, there is considerable variability in velocity magnitudes, they exhibit a more uniform and predictable transition. In contrast, CS2 of Patient II, where magnitude variation is also high, displays irregular fluid behavior due to the endoprosthesis presence. This cross-section coincides with the border of the fluid bifurcation. Additionally, the irregular geometry caused by endovascular aneurysm repair contributes to flow disruption as the endoprosthesis adjusts to the endothelium, reshaping itself to conform with the vessel wall. In this context, significant alterations in velocity values, pressure differentials fluctuating by up to 10%, and low wall shear stress indicate the pronounced influence of the endovascular prosthesis on blood flow behavior. These flow disturbances, when compounded by the heart rate, can potentially lead to changes in vascular anatomy and displacement, resulting in a disruption of the prosthesis-endothelium continuity and thereby causing clinical complications in the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan P. Tello
- Universidad del Norte, Km. 5 Via Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Velez
- Universidad del Norte, Km. 5 Via Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | - Andres Jutinico
- Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Pardo
- Universidad del Norte, Km. 5 Via Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
de Azevedo FS, Almeida GDC, Alvares de Azevedo B, Ibanez Aguilar IF, Azevedo BN, Teixeira PS, Camargo GC, Correia MG, Nieckele AO, Oliveira GMM. Stress Load and Ascending Aortic Aneurysms: An Observational, Longitudinal, Single-Center Study Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:204. [PMID: 38534478 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ascending aortic aneurysm (AAoA) is a silent disease with high mortality; however, the factors associated with a worse prognosis are not completely understood. The objective of this observational, longitudinal, single-center study was to identify the hemodynamic patterns and their influence on AAoA growth using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), focusing on the effects of geometrical variations on aortic hemodynamics. Personalized anatomic models were obtained from angiotomography scans of 30 patients in two different years (with intervals of one to three years between them), of which 16 (53%) showed aneurysm growth (defined as an increase in the ascending aorta volume by 5% or more). Numerically determined velocity and pressure fields were compared with the outcome of aneurysm growth. Through a statistical analysis, hemodynamic characteristics were found to be associated with aneurysm growth: average and maximum high pressure (superior to 100 Pa); average and maximum high wall shear stress (superior to 7 Pa) combined with high pressure (>100 Pa); and stress load over time (maximum pressure multiplied by the time interval between the exams). This study provides insights into a worse prognosis of this serious disease and may collaborate for the expansion of knowledge about mechanobiology in the progression of AAoA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiula Schwartz de Azevedo
- Department of Cardiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, RJ, Brazil
- Research and Teaching Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro 22240-006, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Castro Almeida
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno Alvares de Azevedo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ivan Fernney Ibanez Aguilar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno Nieckele Azevedo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Cordeiro Camargo
- Research and Teaching Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro 22240-006, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Goulart Correia
- Research and Teaching Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro 22240-006, RJ, Brazil
| | - Angela Ourivio Nieckele
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, RJ, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Armour C, Guo B, Saitta S, Guo D, Liu Y, Fu W, Dong Z, Xu XY. The Role of Multiple Re-Entry Tears in Type B Aortic Dissection Progression: A Longitudinal Study Using a Controlled Swine Model. J Endovasc Ther 2024; 31:104-114. [PMID: 35852439 PMCID: PMC10773162 DOI: 10.1177/15266028221111295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE False lumen (FL) expansion often occurs in type B aortic dissection (TBAD) and has been associated with the presence of re-entry tears. This longitudinal study aims to elucidate the role of re-entry tears in the progression of TBAD using a controlled swine model, by assessing aortic hemodynamics through combined imaging and computational modeling. MATERIALS AND METHODS A TBAD swine model with a primary entry tear at 7 cm distal to the left subclavian artery was created in a previous study. In the current study, reintervention was carried out in this swine model to induce 2 additional re-entry tears of approximately 5 mm in diameter. Computed tomography (CT) and 4-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were taken at multiple follow-ups before and after reintervention. Changes in aortic volume were measured on CT scans, and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated based on dynamic data acquired with 4D-flow MRI and computational fluid dynamics simulations incorporating all available in vivo data. RESULTS Morphological analysis showed FL growth of 20% following the initial TBAD-growth stabilized after the creation of additional tears and eventually FL volume reduced by 6%. Increasing the number of re-entry tears from 1 to 2 caused flow redistribution, with the percentage of true lumen (TL) flow increasing from 56% to 78%; altered local velocities; reduced wall shear stress surrounding the tears; and led to a reduction in FL pressure and pressure difference between the 2 lumina. CONCLUSION This study combined extensive in vivo imaging data with sophisticated computational methods to show that additional re-entry tears can alter dissection hemodynamics through redistribution of flow between the TL and FL. This helps to reduce FL pressure, which could potentially stabilize aortic growth and lead to reversal of FL expansion. This work provides a starting point for further study into the use of fenestration in controlling undesirable FL expansion. CLINICAL IMPACT Aortic growth and false lumen (FL) patency are associated with the presence of re-entry tears in type B aortic dissection (TBAD) patients. Guidelines on how to treat re-entry tears are lacking, especially with regards to the control and prevention of FL expansion. Through a combined imagining and computational hemodynamics study of a controlled swine model, we found that increasing the number of re-entry tears reduced FL pressure and cross lumen pressure difference, potentially stabilising aortic growth and leading to FL reduction. Our findings provide a starting point for further study into the use of fenestration in controlling undesirable FL expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chlöe Armour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Baolei Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Simone Saitta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daqiao Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Fu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Dong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang K, Armour CH, Gibbs RGJ, Xu XY. A numerical study of the effect of thrombus breakdown on predicted thrombus formation and growth. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:61-71. [PMID: 37566172 PMCID: PMC10901920 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Thrombosis is a complex biological process which involves many biochemical reactions and is influenced by blood flow. Various computational models have been developed to simulate natural thrombosis in diseases such as aortic dissection (AD), and device-induced thrombosis in blood-contacting biomedical devices. While most hemodynamics-based models consider the role of low shear stress in the initiation and growth of thrombus, they often ignore the effect of thrombus breakdown induced by elevated shear stress. In this study, a new shear stress-induced thrombus breakdown function is proposed and implemented in our previously published thrombosis model. The performance of the refined model is assessed by quantitative comparison with experimental data on thrombus formation in a backward-facing step geometry, and qualitative comparison with in vivo data obtained from an AD patient. Our results show that incorporating thrombus breakdown improves accuracy in predicted thrombus volume and captures the same pattern of thrombus evolution as measured experimentally and in vivo. In the backward-facing step geometry, thrombus breakdown impedes growth over the step and downstream, allowing a stable thrombus to be reached more quickly. Moreover, the predicted thrombus volume, height and length are in better agreement with the experimental measurements compared to the original model which does not consider thrombus breakdown. In the patient-specific AD, the refined model outperforms the original model in predicting the extent and location of thrombosis. In conclusion, the effect of thrombus breakdown is not negligible and should be included in computational models of thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaihong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chlöe H Armour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard G J Gibbs
- Regional Vascular Unit, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Xiao Yun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cebull HL, Aremu OO, Kulkarni RS, Zhang SX, Samuels P, Jermy S, Ntusi NA, Goergen CJ. Simulating Subject-Specific Aortic Hemodynamic Effects of Valvular Lesions in Rheumatic Heart Disease. J Biomech Eng 2023; 145:111003. [PMID: 37470483 PMCID: PMC10405283 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a neglected tropical disease despite the substantial global health burden. In this study, we aimed to develop a lower cost method of modeling aortic blood flow using subject-specific velocity profiles, aiding our understanding of RHD's consequences on the structure and function of the ascending aorta. Echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) are often used for diagnosis, including valve dysfunction assessments. However, there is a need to further characterize aortic valve lesions to improve treatment options and timing for patients, while using accessible and affordable imaging strategies. Here, we simulated effects of RHD aortic valve lesions on the aorta using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). We hypothesized that inlet velocity distribution and wall shear stress (WSS) will differ between RHD and non-RHD individuals, as well as between subject-specific and standard Womersley velocity profiles. Phase-contrast CMR data from South Africa of six RHD subjects with aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation and six matched controls were used to estimate subject-specific velocity inlet profiles and the mean velocity for Womersley profiles. Our findings were twofold. First, we found WSS in subject-specific RHD was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than control subject simulations, while Womersley simulation groups did not differ. Second, evaluating spatial velocity differences (ΔSV) between simulation types revealed that simulations of RHD had significantly higher ΔSV than non-RHD (p < 0.05), these results highlight the need for implementing subject-specific input into RHD CFD, which we demonstrate how to accomplish through accessible methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L. Cebull
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Olukayode O. Aremu
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory7925, South Africa
| | - Radhika S. Kulkarni
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Samuel X. Zhang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Petronella Samuels
- Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Stephen Jermy
- Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Ntobeko A.B. Ntusi
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit on the Intersection of Noncommunicable Diseases and Infectious Diseases, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Craig J. Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mariotti A, Celi S, Antonuccio MN, Salvetti MV. Impact of the Spatial Velocity Inlet Distribution on the Hemodynamics of the Thoracic Aorta. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2023; 14:713-725. [PMID: 37726567 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-023-00682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the distribution in space of the inlet velocity in the numerical simulations of the hemodynamics in the thoracic aorta is systematically investigated. A real healthy aorta geometry, for which in-vivo measurements are available, is considered. The distribution is modeled through a truncated cone shape, which is a suitable approximation of the real one downstream of a trileaflet aortic valve during the systolic part of the cardiac cycle. The ratio between the upper and the lower base of the truncated cone and the position of the center of the upper base are selected as uncertain parameters. A stochastic approach is chosen, based on the generalized Polynomial Chaos expansion, to obtain accurate response surfaces of the quantities of interest in the parameter space. The selected parameters influence the velocity distribution in the ascending aorta. Consequently, effects on the wall shear stress are observed, confirming the need to use patient-specific inlet conditions if interested in the hemodynamics of this region. The surface base ratio is globally the most important parameter. Conversely, the impact on the velocity and wall shear stress in the aortic arch and descending aorta is almost negligible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mariotti
- Civil and Industrial Engineering Department, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 2, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Celi
- BioCardioLab, Bioengineering Unit, Heart Hospital, Fondazione CNR - Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Via Aurelia Sud, 54100, Massa, Italy.
| | - Maria Nicole Antonuccio
- BioCardioLab, Bioengineering Unit, Heart Hospital, Fondazione CNR - Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Via Aurelia Sud, 54100, Massa, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Salvetti
- Civil and Industrial Engineering Department, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 2, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stokes C, Ahmed D, Lind N, Haupt F, Becker D, Hamilton J, Muthurangu V, von Tengg-Kobligk H, Papadakis G, Balabani S, Díaz-Zuccarini V. Aneurysmal growth in type-B aortic dissection: assessing the impact of patient-specific inlet conditions on key haemodynamic indices. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20230281. [PMID: 37727072 PMCID: PMC10509589 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-B aortic dissection is a cardiovascular disease in which a tear develops in the intimal layer of the descending aorta, allowing pressurized blood to delaminate the layers of the vessel wall. In medically managed patients, long-term aneurysmal dilatation of the false lumen (FL) is considered virtually inevitable and is associated with poorer disease outcomes. While the pathophysiological mechanisms driving FL dilatation are not yet understood, haemodynamic factors are believed to play a key role. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and 4D-flow MRI (4DMR) analyses have revealed correlations between flow helicity, oscillatory wall shear stress and aneurysmal dilatation of the FL. In this study, we compare CFD simulations using a patient-specific, three-dimensional, three-component inlet velocity profile (4D IVP) extracted from 4DMR data against simulations with flow rate-matched uniform and axial velocity profiles that remain widely used in the absence of 4DMR. We also evaluate the influence of measurement errors in 4DMR data by scaling the 4D IVP to the degree of imaging error detected in prior studies. We observe that oscillatory shear and helicity are highly sensitive to inlet velocity distribution and flow volume throughout the FL and conclude that the choice of IVP may greatly affect the future clinical value of simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Stokes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome-EPSRC Centre for Interventional Surgical Sciences, London, UK
| | - D. Ahmed
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - N. Lind
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - F. Haupt
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D. Becker
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J. Hamilton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - V. Muthurangu
- Centre for Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - H. von Tengg-Kobligk
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G. Papadakis
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S. Balabani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome-EPSRC Centre for Interventional Surgical Sciences, London, UK
| | - V. Díaz-Zuccarini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome-EPSRC Centre for Interventional Surgical Sciences, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang K, Armour CH, Ma T, Dong Z, Xu XY. Hemodynamic parameters impact the stability of distal stent graft-induced new entry. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12123. [PMID: 37495611 PMCID: PMC10372056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Stent graft-induced new entry tear (SINE) is a serious complication in aortic dissection patients caused by the stent-graft itself after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). The stability of SINE is a key indicator for the need and timing of reinterventions. This study aimed to understand the role of hemodynamics in SINE stability by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis based on patient-specific anatomical information. Four patients treated with TEVAR who developed a distal SINE (dSINE) were included; two patients had a stable dSINE and two patients experienced expansion of the dSINE upon follow-up examinations. CFD simulations were performed on geometries reconstructed from computed tomography scans acquired upon early detection of dSINE in these patients. Computational results showed that stable dSINEs presented larger regions with low time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) and high relative residence time (RRT), and partial thrombosis was observed at subsequent follow-ups. Furthermore, significant systolic antegrade flow was observed in the unstable dSINE which also had a larger retrograde flow fraction (RFF) on the SINE plane. In conclusion, this pilot study suggested that high RRT and low TAWSS may indicate stable dSINE by promoting thrombosis, whereas larger RFF and antegrade flows inside dSINE might be associated with its expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaihong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Chlӧe H Armour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Dong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiao Yun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stokes C, Haupt F, Becker D, Muthurangu V, von Tengg-Kobligk H, Balabani S, Díaz-Zuccarini V. The Influence of Minor Aortic Branches in Patient-Specific Flow Simulations of Type-B Aortic Dissection. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:1627-1644. [PMID: 36967447 PMCID: PMC10264290 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Type-B aortic dissection (TBAD) is a disease in which a tear develops in the intimal layer of the descending aorta forming a true lumen and false lumen (FL). Because disease outcomes are thought to be influenced by haemodynamic quantities such as pressure and wall shear stress (WSS), their analysis via numerical simulations may provide valuable clinical insights. Major aortic branches are routinely included in simulations but minor branches are virtually always neglected, despite being implicated in TBAD progression and the development of complications. As minor branches are estimated to carry about 7-21% of cardiac output, neglecting them may affect simulation accuracy. We present the first simulation of TBAD with all pairs of intercostal, subcostal and lumbar arteries, using 4D-flow MRI (4DMR) to inform patient-specific boundary conditions. Compared to an equivalent case without minor branches, their inclusion improved agreement with 4DMR velocities, reduced time-averaged WSS (TAWSS) and transmural pressure and elevated oscillatory shear in regions where FL dilatation and calcification were observed in vivo. Minor branch inclusion resulted in differences of 60-75% in these metrics of potential clinical relevance, indicating a need to account for minor branch flow loss if simulation accuracy is sought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Stokes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome-EPSRC Centre for Interventional Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - F Haupt
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Becker
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - V Muthurangu
- Centre for Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - H von Tengg-Kobligk
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Balabani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome-EPSRC Centre for Interventional Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - V Díaz-Zuccarini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
- Wellcome-EPSRC Centre for Interventional Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Motoki K, Zhu Y, Mirsadraee S, Rosendahl U, Pepper J, Xu XY. A computational study of the effects of size, location, and number of tears on haemodynamics in surgically repaired type A aortic dissection. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1215720. [PMID: 37388636 PMCID: PMC10301719 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1215720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to comprehensively examine the roles of size, location, and number of tears in the progression of surgically repaired type A aortic dissection (TAAD) by assessing haemodynamic changes through patient-specific computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. Methods Two patient-specific TAAD geometries with replaced ascending aorta were reconstructed based upon computed 15 tomography (CT) scans, after which 10 hypothetical models (5 per patient) with different tear configurations were artificially created. CFD simulations were performed on all the models under physiologically realistic boundary conditions. Results Our simulation results showed that increasing either the size or number of the re-entry tears reduced the luminal pressure difference (LPD) and maximum time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), as well as areas exposed to abnormally high or low TAWSS values. Models with a large re-entry tear outperformed the others by reducing the maximum LPD by 1.88 mmHg and 7.39 mmHg, for patients 1 and 2, respectively. Moreover, proximally located re-entry tears in the descending aorta were more effective at reducing LPD than distal re-entry tears. Discussion These computational results indicate that the presence of a relatively large re-entry tear in the proximal descending aorta might help stabilize post-surgery aortic growth. This finding has important implications for the management and risk stratification of surgically repaired TAAD patients. Nevertheless, further validation in a large patient cohort is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Motoki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saeed Mirsadraee
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Rosendahl
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Pepper
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao Yun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dadras R, Jabbari A, Asl NK, Soltani M, Rafiee F, Parsaee M, Golchin S, Pouraliakbar H, Sadeghipour P, Alimohammadi M. In-silico investigations of haemodynamic parameters for a blunt thoracic aortic injury case. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8355. [PMID: 37221220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Accounting for 1.5% of thoracic trauma, blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI) is a rare disease with a high mortality rate that nowadays is treated mostly via thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Personalised computational models based on fluid-solid interaction (FSI) principals not only support clinical researchers in studying virtual therapy response, but also are capable of predicting eventual outcomes. The present work studies the variation of key haemodynamic parameters in a clinical case of BTAI after successful TEVAR, using a two-way FSI model. The three-dimensional (3D) patient-specific geometries of the patient were coupled with three-element Windkessel model for both prior and post intervention cases, forcing a correct prediction of blood flow over each section. Results showed significant improvement in velocity and pressure distribution after stenting. High oscillatory, low magnitude shear (HOLMES) regions require careful examination in future follow-ups, since thrombus formation was confirmed in some previously clinically reported cases of BTAI treated with TEVAR. The strength of swirling flows along aorta was also damped after stent deployment. Highlighting the importance of haemodynamic parameters in case-specific therapies. In future studies, compromising motion of aortic wall due to excessive cost of FSI simulations can be considered and should be based on the objectives of studies to achieve a more clinical-friendly patient-specific CFD model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Dadras
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi Univeristy of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Jabbari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi Univeristy of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Kamaei Asl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi Univeristy of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Madjid Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi Univeristy of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Rafiee
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Parsaee
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Golchin
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Pouraliakbar
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parham Sadeghipour
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Alimohammadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi Univeristy of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sengupta S, Yuan X, Maga L, Pirola S, Nienaber CA, Xu XY. Aortic haemodynamics and wall stress analysis following arch aneurysm repair using a single-branched endograft. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1125110. [PMID: 37283581 PMCID: PMC10240084 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1125110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) of the arch is challenging given its complex geometry and the involvement of supra-aortic arteries. Different branched endografts have been designed for use in this region, but their haemodynamic performance and the risk for post-intervention complications are not yet clear. This study aims to examine aortic haemodynamics and biomechanical conditions following TVAR treatment of an aortic arch aneurysm with a two-component single-branched endograft. Methods Computational fluid dynamics and finite element analysis were applied to a patient-specific case at different stages: pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up. Physiologically accurate boundary conditions were used based on available clinical information. Results Computational results obtained from the post-intervention model confirmed technical success of the procedure in restoring normal flow to the arch. Simulations of the follow-up model, where boundary conditions were modified to reflect change in supra-aortic vessel perfusion observed on the follow-up scan, predicted normal flow patterns but high levels of wall stress (up to 1.3M MPa) and increased displacement forces in regions at risk of compromising device stability. This might have contributed to the suspected endoleaks or device migration identified at the final follow up. Discussion Our study demonstrated that detailed haemodynamic and biomechanical analysis can help identify possible causes for post-TEVAR complications in a patient-specific setting. Further refinement and validation of the computational workflow will allow personalised assessment to aid in surgical planning and clinical decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sampad Sengupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xun Yuan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cardiology and Aortic Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovica Maga
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Selene Pirola
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Christoph A. Nienaber
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cardiology and Aortic Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao Yun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cui W, Wang T, Xu Z, Liu J, Simakov S, Liang F. A numerical study of the hemodynamic behavior and gas transport in cardiovascular systems with severe cardiac or cardiopulmonary failure supported by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1177325. [PMID: 37229493 PMCID: PMC10203410 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1177325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) has been extensively demonstrated as an effective means of bridge-to-destination in the treatment of patients with severe ventricular failure or cardiopulmonary failure. However, appropriate selection of candidates and management of patients during Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support remain challenging in clinical practice, due partly to insufficient understanding of the complex influences of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support on the native cardiovascular system. In addition, questions remain as to how central and peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation modalities differ with respect to their hemodynamic impact and effectiveness of compensatory oxygen supply to end-organs. In this work, we developed a computational model to quantitatively address the hemodynamic interaction between the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and cardiovascular systems and associated gas transport. Model-based numerical simulations were performed for cardiovascular systems with severe cardiac or cardiopulmonary failure and supported by central or peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Obtained results revealed that: 1) central and peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation modalities had a comparable capacity for elevating arterial blood pressure and delivering oxygenated blood to important organs/tissues, but induced differential changes of blood flow waveforms in some arteries; 2) increasing the rotation speed of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation pump (ω) could effectively improve arterial blood oxygenation, with the efficiency being especially high when ω was low and cardiopulmonary failure was severe; 3) blood oxygen indices (i.e., oxygen saturation and partial pressure) monitored at the right radial artery could be taken as surrogates for diagnosing potential hypoxemia in other arteries irrespective of the modality of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; and 4) Left ventricular (LV) overloading could occur when ω was high, but the threshold of ω for inducing clinically significant left ventricular overloading depended strongly on the residual cardiac function. In summary, the study demonstrated the differential hemodynamic influences while comparable oxygen delivery performance of the central and peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation modalities in the management of patients with severe cardiac or cardiopulmonary failure and elucidated how the status of arterial blood oxygenation and severity of left ventricular overloading change in response to variations in ω. These model-based findings may serve as theoretical references for guiding the application of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or interpreting in vivo measurements in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Cui
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoming Xu
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sergey Simakov
- Department of Computational Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fuyou Liang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Saitta S, Maga L, Armour C, Votta E, O'Regan DP, Salmasi MY, Athanasiou T, Weinsaft JW, Xu XY, Pirola S, Redaelli A. Data-driven generation of 4D velocity profiles in the aneurysmal ascending aorta. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 233:107468. [PMID: 36921465 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Numerical simulations of blood flow are a valuable tool to investigate the pathophysiology of ascending thoratic aortic aneurysms (ATAA). To accurately reproduce in vivo hemodynamics, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models must employ realistic inflow boundary conditions (BCs). However, the limited availability of in vivo velocity measurements, still makes researchers resort to idealized BCs. The aim of this study was to generate and thoroughly characterize a large dataset of synthetic 4D aortic velocity profiles sampled on a 2D cross-section along the ascending aorta with features similar to clinical cohorts of patients with ATAA. METHODS Time-resolved 3D phase contrast magnetic resonance (4D flow MRI) scans of 30 subjects with ATAA were processed through in-house code to extract anatomically consistent cross-sectional planes along the ascending aorta, ensuring spatial alignment among all planes and interpolating all velocity fields to a reference configuration. Velocity profiles of the clinical cohort were extensively characterized by computing flow morphology descriptors of both spatial and temporal features. By exploiting principal component analysis (PCA), a statistical shape model (SSM) of 4D aortic velocity profiles was built and a dataset of 437 synthetic cases with realistic properties was generated. RESULTS Comparison between clinical and synthetic datasets showed that the synthetic data presented similar characteristics as the clinical population in terms of key morphological parameters. The average velocity profile qualitatively resembled a parabolic-shaped profile, but was quantitatively characterized by more complex flow patterns which an idealized profile would not replicate. Statistically significant correlations were found between PCA principal modes of variation and flow descriptors. CONCLUSIONS We built a data-driven generative model of 4D aortic inlet velocity profiles, suitable to be used in computational studies of blood flow. The proposed software system also allows to map any of the generated velocity profiles to the inlet plane of any virtual subject given its coordinate set.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Saitta
- Department of Information, Electronics and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Maga
- Department of Information, Electronics and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chloe Armour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Emiliano Votta
- Department of Information, Electronics and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Declan P O'Regan
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Yousuf Salmasi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thanos Athanasiou
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan W Weinsaft
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Weill Cornell College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiao Yun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Selene Pirola
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of BioMechanical Engineering, 3mE Faculty, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
| | - Alberto Redaelli
- Department of Information, Electronics and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhu Y, Xu XY, Rosendahl U, Pepper J, Mirsadraee S. Advanced risk prediction for aortic dissection patients using imaging-based computational flow analysis. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:e155-e165. [PMID: 36610929 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with either a repaired or medically managed aortic dissection have varying degrees of risk of developing late complications. High-risk patients would benefit from earlier intervention to improve their long-term survival. Currently serial imaging is used for risk stratification, which is not always reliable. On the other hand, understanding aortic haemodynamics within a dissection is essential to fully evaluate the disease and predict how it may progress. In recent decades, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been extensively applied to simulate complex haemodynamics within aortic diseases, and more recently, four-dimensional (4D)-flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have been developed for in vivo haemodynamic measurement. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the application of image-based CFD simulations and 4D-flow MRI analysis for risk prediction in aortic dissection. The key steps involved in patient-specific CFD analyses are demonstrated. Finally, we propose a workflow incorporating computational modelling for personalised assessment to aid in risk stratification and treatment decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - X Y Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - U Rosendahl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Pepper
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S Mirsadraee
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wen J, Huang H, Su Z, Jiang L, Gao Q, Chen X, Yan T, Peng L. Predicting the Risk of Type B Aortic Dissection Using Hemodynamic Parameters in Aortic Arches: A Comparative Study between Healthy and Repaired Aortas. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 230:107326. [PMID: 36608431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The development of acute aortic dissection (AD) remains unpredictable due to the intricate nature of the AD mechanism and the varied patient-specific aortic anatomy. The aim of this study was to simulate the hemodynamic parameters in the aortas before the onset of TBAD with healthy controls. METHODS This study numerically assessed the effectiveness of hemodynamic indicators in predicting the risk of type B AD (TBAD) by investigating the differences in hemodynamic parameters between healthy and repaired aortas (aortas before TBAD development). Four wall shear stress (WSS)-based indicators and three helicity-based indicators were adopted and analyzed. RESULTS The results showed that more pathological anatomical feathers can be observed in the repaired aortas. For WSS-based indicators, only averaged cross flow index (CFI) and oscillatory shear index OSI (CFI, 1.03 ± 0.07 vs. 0.83 ± 0.10 and OSI, 0.12 ± 0.03 vs. 0.04 ± 0.02) (all p<0.001) were significantly higher in the repaired aortas than those in the healthy aortas. On the other hand, average helicity in the repaired aortas also showed a significant difference compared with that in healthy aortas (h1, 3.88 ± 5.55 vs. -8.03 ± 14.16) (p<0.05). Furthermore, the skewed helical structure and flow disturbance was found in the repaired aortas. CONCLUSION 1) There are marked differences in pathological anatomical features, such as aortic dilation, elongation and tortuosity between the healthy aortas and repaired aortas, and the corresponding hemodynamic indicators also have also been significantly changed. 2) Compared with anatomical characteristics, hemodynamic indicators may be more accurate for predicting the risk and location of TBAD, such as the OSI and CFI index were significantly enhanced in the region where the entry tears have occurred. 3) In clinical practice, anatomical features remain important factors for assessing the risk for development of TBAD; however, hemodynamic analyses with quantitative data and more visualizing characteristics have showed promising potential in this aspect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wen
- Department of Computer Science and technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Haodi Huang
- Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Zhiqiao Su
- Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Linke Jiang
- Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tingli Yan
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liqing Peng
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang Q, Guo X, Brooks M, Chuen J, Poon EKW, Ooi A, Lim RP. MRI in CFD for chronic type B aortic dissection: Ready for prime time? Comput Biol Med 2022; 150:106138. [PMID: 36191393 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Better tools are needed for risk assessment of Type B aortic dissection (TBAD) to determine optimal treatment for patients with uncomplicated disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to inform computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for TBAD by providing individualised quantification of haemodynamic parameters, for assessment of complication risks. This systematic review aims to present an overview of MRI applications for CFD studies of TBAD. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, a search in Medline, Embase, and the Scopus Library identified 136 potentially relevant articles. Studies were included if they used MRI to inform CFD simulation in TBAD. RESULTS There were 20 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. 19 studies used phase contrast MRI (PC-MRI) to provide data for CFD flow boundary conditions. In 12 studies, CFD haemodynamic parameter results were validated against PC-MRI. In eight studies, geometric models were developed from MR angiography. In three studies, aortic wall or intimal flap motion data were derived from PC/cine MRI. CONCLUSIONS MRI provides complementary patient-specific information in CFD haemodynamic studies for TBAD that can be used for personalised care. MRI provides structural, dynamic and flow data to inform CFD for pre-treatment planning, potentially advancing its integration into clinical decision-making. The use of MRI to inform CFD in TBAD surgical planning is promising, however further validation and larger cohort studies are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingdi Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mark Brooks
- Department of Radiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia; School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jason Chuen
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Eric K W Poon
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Andrew Ooi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ruth P Lim
- Department of Radiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jafarinia A, Armour CH, Gibbs RGJ, Xu XY, Hochrainer T. Shear-driven modelling of thrombus formation in type B aortic dissection. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1033450. [PMID: 36394040 PMCID: PMC9643857 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1033450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Type B aortic dissection (TBAD) is a dangerous pathological condition with a high mortality rate. TBAD is initiated by an intimal tear that allows blood to flow between the aortic wall layers, causing them to separate. As a result, alongside the original aorta (true lumen), a false lumen (FL) develops. TBAD compromises the whole cardiovascular system, in the worst case resulting in complete aortic rupture. Clinical studies have shown that dilation and rupture of the FL are related to the failure of the FL to thrombose. Complete FL thrombosis has been found to improve the clinical outcomes of patients with chronic TBAD and is the desired outcome of any treatment. Partial FL thrombosis has been associated with late dissection-related deaths and the requirement for re-intervention, thus the level of FL thrombosis is dominant in classifying the risk of TBAD patients. Therefore, it is important to investigate and understand under which conditions complete thrombosis of the FL occurs. Method: Local FL hemodynamics play an essential role in thrombus formation and growth. In this study, we developed a simplified phenomenological model to predict FL thrombosis in TBAD under physiological flow conditions. Based on an existing shear-driven thrombosis model, a comprehensive model reduction study was performed to improve computational efficiency. The reduced model has been implemented in Ansys CFX and applied to a TBAD case following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) to test the model. Predicted thrombus formation based on post-TEVAR geometry at 1-month was compared to actual thrombus formation observed on a 3-year follow-up CT scan. Results: The predicted FL status is in excellent agreement with the 3-year follow-up scan, both in terms of thrombus location and total volume, thus validating the new model. The computational cost of the new model is significantly lower than the previous thrombus model, with an approximate 65% reduction in computational time. Such improvement means the new model is a significant step towards clinical applicability. Conclusion: The thrombosis model developed in this study is accurate and efficient at predicting FL thrombosis based on patient-specific data, and may assist clinicians in choosing individualized treatments in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Jafarinia
- Institute of Strength of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- *Correspondence: Alireza Jafarinia, ; Xiao Yun Xu,
| | - Chlöe H. Armour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G. J. Gibbs
- Regional Vascular Unit, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao Yun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Alireza Jafarinia, ; Xiao Yun Xu,
| | - Thomas Hochrainer
- Institute of Strength of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhu Y, Xu XY, Rosendahl U, Pepper J, Mirsadraee S. Prediction of aortic dilatation in surgically repaired type A dissection: A longitudinal study using computational fluid dynamics. JTCVS OPEN 2022; 9:11-27. [PMID: 36003481 PMCID: PMC9390758 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the role of a key hemodynamic parameter, namely the true and false lumen pressure difference, to predict progressive aortic dilatation following type A aortic dissection (TAAD) repair. METHODS Four patients with surgically repaired TAAD with multiple follow-up computed tomography angiography scans (4-5 scans per patient; N = 18) were included. Through-plane diameter of the residual native thoracic aorta was measured in various aortic segments during the follow up period (mean follow-up: 49.6 ± 31.2 months). Computational flow analysis was performed to estimate true and false lumen pressure difference at the same locations and the correlation with aortic size change was studied using a linear mixed effects model. RESULTS Greater pressure difference between the true and false lumen was consistent with greater aortic diameter expansion during the follow up period (linear mixed effects analysis; coefficient, 0.26; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.37; P < .001). Based on our limited data points, a pressure difference higher than 5 mm Hg might cause unstable aortic growth. CONCLUSIONS Computational fluid dynamic assessment of standard aortic computed tomography angiography offers a noninvasive technique that predicts the risk of aortic dilatation following TAAD. The technique may be used to plan closer observation or intervention in high-risk patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao Yun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Rosendahl
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Pepper
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saeed Mirsadraee
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
- Address for reprints: Saeed Mirsadraee, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, Chelsea, London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Celi S, Vignali E, Capellini K, Gasparotti E. On the Role and Effects of Uncertainties in Cardiovascular in silico Analyses. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 3:748908. [PMID: 35047960 PMCID: PMC8757785 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.748908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of cardiovascular hemodynamics with computational techniques is establishing its fundamental contribution within the world of modern clinics. Great research interest was focused on the aortic vessel. The study of aortic flow, pressure, and stresses is at the basis of the understanding of complex pathologies such as aneurysms. Nevertheless, the computational approaches are still affected by sources of errors and uncertainties. These phenomena occur at different levels of the computational analysis, and they also strongly depend on the type of approach adopted. With the current study, the effect of error sources was characterized for an aortic case. In particular, the geometry of a patient-specific aorta structure was segmented at different phases of a cardiac cycle to be adopted in a computational analysis. Different levels of surface smoothing were imposed to define their influence on the numerical results. After this, three different simulation methods were imposed on the same geometry: a rigid wall computational fluid dynamics (CFD), a moving-wall CFD based on radial basis functions (RBF) CFD, and a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation. The differences of the implemented methods were defined in terms of wall shear stress (WSS) analysis. In particular, for all the cases reported, the systolic WSS and the time-averaged WSS (TAWSS) were defined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Celi
- BioCardioLab, UOC Bioingegneria, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Massa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Vignali
- BioCardioLab, UOC Bioingegneria, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Massa, Italy
| | - Katia Capellini
- BioCardioLab, UOC Bioingegneria, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Massa, Italy.,Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Gasparotti
- BioCardioLab, UOC Bioingegneria, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Massa, Italy.,Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Qiao Y, Mao L, Wang Y, Luan J, Chen Y, Zhu T, Luo K, Fan J. Hemodynamic effects of stent-graft introducer sheath during thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2022; 21:419-431. [PMID: 34994871 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has become the standard treatment of a variety of aortic pathologies. The objective of this study is to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of stent-graft introducer sheath during TEVAR. Three idealized representative diseased aortas were designed: aortic aneurysm, coarctation of the aorta, and aortic dissection. Computational fluid dynamics studies were performed in the above idealized aortic geometries. An introducer sheath routinely used in the clinic was virtually placed into diseased aortas. Comparative analysis was carried out to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of the introducer sheath. Results show that the blood flow to the supra-aortic branches would increase above 9% due to the obstruction of the introducer sheath. The region exposed to high endothelial cell activation potential (ECAP) expands in the scenarios of coarctation of the aorta and aortic dissection, which indicates that the probability of thrombus formation may increase during TEVAR. The pressure magnitude in peak systole shows an obvious rise, and a similar phenomenon is not observed in early diastole. The blood viscosity in the aortic arch and descending aorta is remarkably altered by the introducer sheath. The uneven viscosity distribution confirms the necessity of using non-Newtonian models, and high-viscosity region with high ECAP further promotes thrombosis. Our results highlight the hemodynamic effects of stent-graft introducer sheath during TEVAR, which may associate with perioperative complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Le Mao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyang Luan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study of Zhejiang University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianren Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study of Zhejiang University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Noe L C, Settembre N. Assessing mechanical vibration-altered wall shear stress in digital arteries. J Biomech 2021; 131:110893. [PMID: 34953283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to implement and validate a method for assessing acute vibration-altered Wall Shear Stress (WSS) in the proper volar digital artery of the non-exposed left forefinger when subjecting the right hand to mechanical vibration. These changes of WSS may be involved in Vibration White Finger. Hence, an experimental device was set-up to link a vibration shaker and an ultra-high frequency ultrasound scanner. The Womersley-based WSS was computed by picking up the maximum velocity from pulse Wave Doppler measurements and extracting the artery diameter from B-mode images through an in-house image processing technique. The parameters of the former method were optimised on numerical ultrasound phantoms of cylindrical and lifelike arteries. These phantoms were computed with the FIELD II and FOCUS platforms which mimicked our true ultrasound device. The Womersley-based WSS were compared to full Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) and rigid wall models built from resonance magnetic images of a volunteer-specific forefinger artery. Our FSI model took into account the artery's surrounding tissues. The diameter computing procedure led to a bias of 4%. The Womersley-based WSS resulted in misestimating the FSI model by roughly 10% to 20%. No difference was found between the rigid wall computational model and FSI simulations. Regarding the WSS measured on a group of 20 volunteers, the group-averaged basal value was 3 Pa, while the vibration-altered WSS was reduced to 1 Pa, possibly triggering intimal hyperplasia mechanisms and leading to the arterial stenoses encountered in patients suffering from vibration-induced Raynaud's syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Noe L
- Electromagnetism, Vibration, Optics Laboratory, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), Vandœuvre,-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Nicla Settembre
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Stokes C, Bonfanti M, Li Z, Xiong J, Chen D, Balabani S, Díaz-Zuccarini V. A novel MRI-based data fusion methodology for efficient, personalised, compliant simulations of aortic haemodynamics. J Biomech 2021; 129:110793. [PMID: 34715606 PMCID: PMC8907869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel, cost-efficient methodology to simulate aortic haemodynamics in a patient-specific, compliant aorta using an MRI data fusion process. Based on a previously-developed Moving Boundary Method, this technique circumvents the high computational cost and numerous structural modelling assumptions required by traditional Fluid-Structure Interaction techniques. Without the need for Computed Tomography (CT) data, the MRI images required to construct the simulation can be obtained during a single imaging session. Black Blood MR Angiography and 2D Cine-MRI data were used to reconstruct the luminal geometry and calibrate wall movement specifically to each region of the aorta. 4D-Flow MRI and non-invasive pressure measurements informed patient-specific inlet and outlet boundary conditions. Luminal area closely matched 2D Cine-MRI measurements with a mean error of less than 4.6% across the cardiac cycle, while physiological pressure and flow distributions were simulated to within 3.3% of patient-specific targets. Moderate agreement with 4D-Flow MRI velocity data was observed. Despite lower peak velocity, an equivalent rigid-wall simulation predicted a mean Time-Averaged Wall Shear Stress (TAWSS) 13% higher than the compliant simulation. The agreement observed between compliant simulation results and MRI data is testament to the accuracy and efficiency of this MRI-based simulation technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Stokes
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Roberts Engineering Building, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom; Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), Charles Bell House, London, W1W 7TY, United Kingdom.
| | - Mirko Bonfanti
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Roberts Engineering Building, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom; Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), Charles Bell House, London, W1W 7TY, United Kingdom.
| | - Zeyan Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiang Xiong
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Duanduan Chen
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Stavroula Balabani
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Roberts Engineering Building, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom; Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), Charles Bell House, London, W1W 7TY, United Kingdom.
| | - Vanessa Díaz-Zuccarini
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Roberts Engineering Building, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom; Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), Charles Bell House, London, W1W 7TY, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abazari MA, Rafiei D, Soltani M, Alimohammadi M. The effect of beta-blockers on hemodynamic parameters in patient-specific blood flow simulations of type-B aortic dissection: a virtual study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16058. [PMID: 34362955 PMCID: PMC8346572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95315-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic dissection (AD) is one of the fatal and complex conditions. Since there is a lack of a specific treatment guideline for type-B AD, a better understanding of patient-specific hemodynamics and therapy outcomes can potentially control the progression of the disease and aid in the clinical decision-making process. In this work, a patient-specific geometry of type-B AD is reconstructed from computed tomography images, and a numerical simulation using personalised computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with three-element Windkessel model boundary condition at each outlet is implemented. According to the physiological response of beta-blockers to the reduction of left ventricular contractions, three case studies with different heart rates are created. Several hemodynamic features, including time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), highly oscillatory, low magnitude shear (HOLMES), and flow pattern are investigated and compared between each case. Results show that decreasing TAWSS, which is caused by the reduction of the velocity gradient, prevents vessel wall at entry tear from rupture. Additionally, with the increase in HOLMES value at distal false lumen, calcification and plaque formation in the moderate and regular-heart rate cases are successfully controlled. This work demonstrates how CFD methods with non-invasive hemodynamic metrics can be developed to predict the hemodynamic changes before medication or other invasive operations. These consequences can be a powerful framework for clinicians and surgical communities to improve their diagnostic and pre-procedural planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Abazari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Deniz Rafiei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
- Advanced Bio Initiative Center, Multidisciplinary International Complex, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mona Alimohammadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhu Y, Mirsadraee S, Asimakopoulos G, Gambaro A, Rosendahl U, Pepper J, Xu XY. Association of hemodynamic factors and progressive aortic dilatation following type A aortic dissection surgical repair. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11521. [PMID: 34075164 PMCID: PMC8169847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type A aortic dissection (TAAD) involves the ascending aorta or the arch. Acute TAAD usually requires urgent replacement of the ascending aorta. However, a subset of these patients develops aortic rupture due to further dilatation of the residual dissected aorta. There is currently no reliable means to predict the risk of dilatation following TAAD repair. In this study, we performed a comprehensive morphological and hemodynamic analysis for patients with and without progressive aortic dilatation following surgical replacement of the ascending aorta. Patient-specific models of repaired TAAD were reconstructed from post-surgery computed tomography images for detailed computational fluid dynamic analysis. Geometric and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated and compared between patients with stable aortic diameters (N = 9) and those with aortic dilatation (N = 8). Our results showed that the number of re-entry tears and true/false lumen pressure difference were significantly different between the two groups. Patients with progressive aortic dilatation had higher luminal pressure difference (6.7 [4.6, 10.9] vs. 0.9 [0.5, 2.3] mmHg; P = 0.001) and fewer re-entry tears (1.5 [1, 2.8] vs. 5 [3.3, 7.5]; P = 0.02) compared to patients with stable aortic diameters, suggesting that these factors may serve as potential predictors of aneurysmal dilatation following surgical repair of TAAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Saeed Mirsadraee
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - George Asimakopoulos
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Alessia Gambaro
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Ulrich Rosendahl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - John Pepper
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Xiao Yun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
A computational fluid study on hemodynamics in visceral arteries in a complicated type B aortic dissection after thoracic endovascular repair. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2020.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
33
|
Battista F, Ficarelli R, Perrotta A, Gualtieri P, Casciola CM, Romano GP, Taurino M. The Fluid-Dynamics of Endo Vascular Aneurysm Sealing (EVAS) System failure. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2021; 12:300-310. [PMID: 33565030 PMCID: PMC8169503 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-021-00520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The main objective of this work is to investigate hemodynamics phenomena occurring in EVAS (Endo Vascular Aneurysm Sealing), to understand if and how they could lead to type 1a endoleaks and following re-intervention. To this aim, methods based on computational fluid mechanics are implemented as a tool for checking the behavior of a specific EVAS configuration, starting from the post-operative conditions. Pressure and velocity fields are detailed and compared, for two configurations of the Nellix, one as attained after correct implantation and the other in pathological conditions, as a consequence of migration or dislocation of endobags. Methods The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach is used to simulate the behavior of blood within a segment of the aorta, before and after the abdominal bifurcation. The adopted procedure allows reconstructing the detailed vascular geometry from high-resolution computerized tomography (CT scan) and generating the mesh on which the equations of fluid mechanics are discretized and solved, in order to derive pressure and velocity field during heartbeats. Results The main results are obtained in terms of local velocity fields and wall pressures. Within the endobags, velocities are usually quite regular during the whole cardiac cycle for the post-implanted condition, whereas they are more irregular for the migrated case. The largest differences among the two cases are observed in the shape and location of the recirculation region in the rear part of the aorta and the region between the endobags, with the formation of a gap due to the migration of one or both of the two. In this gap, the pressure fields are highly different among the two conditions, showing pressure peaks and pressure gradients at least four times larger for the migrated case in comparison to the post-implanted condition. Conclusions In this paper, the migration of one or both endobags is supposed to be related to the existing differential pressures acting in the gap formed between the two, which could go on pushing the two branches one away from the other, thus causing aneurysm re-activation and endoleaks. Regions of flow recirculation and low-pressure drops are revealed only in case of endobag migration and in presence of an aneurysm. These regions are supposed to lead to possible plaque formation and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Battista
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy.
| | - R Ficarelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - A Perrotta
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - P Gualtieri
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - C M Casciola
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - G P Romano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - M Taurino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Salmasi MY, Pirola S, Sasidharan S, Fisichella SM, Redaelli A, Jarral OA, O'Regan DP, Oo AY, Moore JE, Xu XY, Athanasiou T. High Wall Shear Stress can Predict Wall Degradation in Ascending Aortic Aneurysms: An Integrated Biomechanics Study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:750656. [PMID: 34733832 PMCID: PMC8558434 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.750656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Blood flow patterns can alter material properties of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (ATAA) via vascular wall remodeling. This study examines the relationship between wall shear stress (WSS) obtained from image-based computational modelling with tissue-derived mechanical and microstructural properties of the ATAA wall using segmental analysis. Methods: Ten patients undergoing surgery for ATAA were recruited. Exclusions: bicuspid aortopathy, connective tissue disease. All patients had pre-operative 4-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging (4D-MRI), allowing for patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and anatomically precise WSS mapping of ATAA regions (6-12 segments per patient). ATAA samples were obtained from surgery and subjected to region-specific tensile and peel testing (matched to WSS segments). Computational pathology was used to characterize elastin/collagen abundance and smooth muscle cell (SMC) count. Results: Elevated values of WSS were predictive of: reduced wall thickness [coef -0.0489, 95% CI (-0.0905, -0.00727), p = 0.022] and dissection energy function (longitudinal) [-15,0, 95% CI (-33.00, -2.98), p = 0.048]. High WSS values also predicted higher ultimate tensile strength [coef 0.136, 95% CI (0 0.001, 0.270), p = 0.048]. Additionally, elevated WSS also predicted a reduction in elastin levels [coef -0.276, 95% (CI -0.531, -0.020), p = 0.035] and lower SMC count ([oef -6.19, 95% CI (-11.41, -0.98), p = 0.021]. WSS was found to have no effect on collagen abundance or circumferential mechanical properties. Conclusions: Our study suggests an association between elevated WSS values and aortic wall degradation in ATAA disease. Further studies might help identify threshold values to predict acute aortic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Yousuf Salmasi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Selene Pirola
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sumesh Sasidharan
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Serena M Fisichella
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Omar A Jarral
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Declan P O'Regan
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aung Ye Oo
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - James E Moore
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao Yun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thanos Athanasiou
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|