1
|
Yao J, Crockett J, D'Souza M, A Day G, K Wilcox R, C Jones A, Mengoni M. Effect of meniscus modelling assumptions in a static tibiofemoral finite element model: importance of geometry over material. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:1055-1065. [PMID: 38349433 PMCID: PMC11101373 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01822-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Finite element studies of the tibiofemoral joint have increased use in research, with attention often placed on the material models. Few studies assess the effect of meniscus modelling assumptions in image-based models on contact mechanics outcomes. This work aimed to assess the effect of modelling assumptions of the meniscus on knee contact mechanics and meniscus kinematics. A sensitivity analysis was performed using three specimen-specific tibiofemoral models and one generic knee model. The assumptions in representing the meniscus attachment on the tibia (shape of the roots and position of the attachment), the material properties of the meniscus, the shape of the meniscus and the alignment of the joint were evaluated, creating 40 model instances. The values of material parameters for the meniscus and the position of the root attachment had a small influence on the total contact area but not on the meniscus displacement or the force balance between condyles. Using 3D shapes to represent the roots instead of springs had a large influence in meniscus displacement but not in knee contact area. Changes in meniscus shape and in knee alignment had a significantly larger influence on all outcomes of interest, with differences two to six times larger than those due to material properties. The sensitivity study demonstrated the importance of meniscus shape and knee alignment on meniscus kinematics and knee contact mechanics, both being more important than the material properties or the position of the roots. It also showed that differences between knees were large, suggesting that clinical interpretations of modelling studies using single geometries should be avoided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Yao
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - John Crockett
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mathias D'Souza
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gavin A Day
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ruth K Wilcox
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alison C Jones
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Marlène Mengoni
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin AC, Pirrung F, Niestrawska JA, Ondruschka B, Pinter G, Henyš P, Hammer N. Shape or size matters? Towards standard reporting of tensile testing parameters for human soft tissues: systematic review and finite element analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1368383. [PMID: 38600944 PMCID: PMC11005100 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1368383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Material properties of soft-tissue samples are often derived through uniaxial tensile testing. For engineering materials, testing parameters (e.g., sample geometries and clamping conditions) are described by international standards; for biological tissues, such standards do not exist. To investigate what testing parameters have been reported for tensile testing of human soft-tissue samples, a systematic review of the literature was performed using PRISMA guidelines. Soft tissues are described as anisotropic and/or hyperelastic. Thus, we explored how the retrieved parameters compared against standards for engineering materials of similar characteristics. All research articles published in English, with an Abstract, and before 1 January 2023 were retrieved from databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and BASE. After screening of articles based on search terms and exclusion criteria, a total 1,096 articles were assessed for eligibility, from which 361 studies were retrieved and included in this review. We found that a non-tapered shape is most common (209 of 361), followed by a tapered sample shape (92 of 361). However, clamping conditions varied and were underreported (156 of 361). As a preliminary attempt to explore how the retrieved parameters might influence the stress distribution under tensile loading, a pilot study was performed using finite element analysis (FEA) and constitutive modeling for a clamped sample of little or no fiber dispersion. The preliminary FE simulation results might suggest the hypothesis that different sample geometries could have a profound influence on the stress-distribution under tensile loading. However, no conclusions can be drawn from these simulations, and future studies should involve exploring different sample geometries under different computational models and sample parameters (such as fiber dispersion and clamping effects). Taken together, reporting and choice of testing parameters remain as challenges, and as such, recommendations towards standard reporting of uniaxial tensile testing parameters for human soft tissues are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvin C. Lin
- Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Felix Pirrung
- Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Justyna A. Niestrawska
- Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Ondruschka
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Pinter
- Institute of Materials Science and Testing of Polymers, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | - Petr Henyš
- Institute of New Technologies and Applied Informatics, Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czechia
| | - Niels Hammer
- Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Forming Tools, Division of Biomechatronics, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu Z, Li Y, Rao J, Jin Y, Huang Y, Xu X, Liu Y, Tian S. Biomechanical assessment of disease outcome in surgical interventions for medial meniscal posterior root tears: a finite element analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:1093. [PMID: 36517757 PMCID: PMC9749342 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-06069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adverse consequences of medial meniscus posterior root tears have become increasingly familiar to surgeons, and treatment strategies have become increasingly abundant. In this paper, the finite element gait analysis method was used to explore the differences in the biomechanical characteristics of the knee joint under different conditions. METHODS Based on CT computed tomography and MR images, (I) an intact knee (IK) model with bone, cartilage, meniscus and main ligaments was established. Based on this model, the posterior root of the medial meniscus was resected, and (ii) the partial tear (PT) model, (iii) the entire radial tear (ERT) model, and (iv) the entire oblique tear (EOT) model were established according to the scope and degree of resection. Then, the (v) meniscus repair (MR) model and (vi) partial meniscectomy (PM) model were developed according to the operation method. The differences in stress, displacement and contact area among different models were evaluated under ISO gait loading conditions. RESULTS Under gait loading, there was no significant difference in the maximum stress of the medial and lateral tibiofemoral joints among the six models. Compared with the medial tibiofemoral joint stress of the IK model, the stress of the PM model increased by 8.3%, while that of the MR model decreased by 18.9%; at the same time, the contact stress of the medial tibiofemoral joint of the ERT and EOT models increased by 17.9 and 25.3%, respectively. The displacement of the medial meniscus in the ERT and EOT models was significantly larger than that in the IK model (P < 0.05), and the tibial and femoral contact areas of these two models were lower than those of the IK model (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The integrity of the posterior root of the medial meniscus plays an important role in maintaining normal tibial-femoral joint contact mechanics. Partial meniscectomy is not beneficial for improving the tibial-thigh contact situation. Meniscal repair has a positive effect on restoring the normal biomechanical properties of the medial meniscus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhangjiagang Fifth People’s Hospital, Zhangjiagang, 215600 Jiangsu China ,grid.267139.80000 0000 9188 055XCollege of Continuing Education, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200000 China
| | - Yuwan Li
- grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Jingcheng Rao
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of Orthopaedics, Suqian Hospital of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Suqian, 223800 Jiangsu China
| | - Ying Jin
- grid.413390.c0000 0004 1757 6938Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No.149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou China
| | - Yushun Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jen Ching memorial Hospital, Kunshan, 215300 Jiangsu China
| | - Xing Xu
- Department of Medicine, Zhijin People’s Hospital, Zhijin, 552100 Guizhou China
| | - Yi Liu
- grid.413390.c0000 0004 1757 6938Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No.149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou China
| | - Shoujin Tian
- grid.460159.fDepartment of Orthopaedics, Zhangjiagang First People’s Hospital, No.68 Jiyang West Road, Zhangjiagang, 215600 Jiangsu China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Experiments and hyperelastic modeling of porcine meniscus show heterogeneity at high strains. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2022; 21:1641-1658. [PMID: 35882676 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive modeling of the meniscus is critical in areas like knee surgery and tissue engineering. At low strain rates, the meniscus can be described using a hyperelastic model. Calibration of hyperelastic material models of the meniscus is challenging on many fronts due to material variability and friction. In this study, we present a framework to determine the hyperelastic material parameters of porcine meniscus (and similar soft tissues) using no-slip uniaxial compression experiments. Because of the nonhomogeneous deformation in the specimens, a finite element solution is required at each step of the iterative calibration process. We employ a Bayesian calibration approach to account for the inherent material variability and a Bayesian optimization approach to minimize the resulting cost function in the material parameter space. Cylindrical specimens of porcine meniscus from the anterior, middle and posterior regions are tested up to 30% compressive strain and the Yeoh form of hyperelastic strain energy density function is used to describe the material response. The results show that the Yeoh form is able to accurately describe the compressive response of porcine meniscus and that the Bayesian calibration and optimization approaches are able to calibrate the model in a computationally efficient manner while taking into account the inherent material variability. The results also show that the shear modulus or the initial stiffness is roughly uniform across the different areas of the meniscus, but there is significant spatial heterogeneity in the response at high strains. In particular, the middle region is considerably stiffer at high strains. This heterogeneity is important to consider in modeling the response of the meniscus for clinical applications.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zainal Abidin NA, Ramlee MH, Ab Rashid AM, Ng BW, Gan HS, Abdul Kadir MR. Biomechanical effects of cross-pin's diameter in reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament - A specific case study via finite element analysis. Injury 2022; 53:2424-2436. [PMID: 35641332 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
For anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R), one of the crucial aspects of treatment is the fixator selection that could provide initial graft fixation post-operatively. Literature on biomechanical stabilities of different sizes of fixators as femoral graft fixation is limited. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the influence of different diameters of cross-pins on the stability of graft fixations after ACL-R via finite element analysis (FEA). In the methodology, three-dimensional (3D) models of three different diameters of cross-pins were developed, of which anterior tibial loads (ATL) were applied onto the tibia. From the findings, the cross-pin with a smaller diameter (4 mm) provided optimum stability than larger diameter cross-pins, whereby it demonstrated acceptable stresses at the fixators (both cross-pin and interference screw) with a different percentage of 28%, while the stresses at the corresponding bones were favourable for osseointegration to occur. Besides, the strains of the knee joint with 4 mm diameter cross-pin were also superior in providing a good biomechanical environment for bone healing, while the recorded strain values at fixators were comparable with a larger diameter of cross-pins without being inferior in terms of deformation. To conclude, the cross-pin with 4 mm diameter depicted the best biomechanical aspects in graft fixation for ACL-R since it allows better assistance for the osseointegration process and can minimise the possibility of the breakage and migration of fixators. This study is not only useful for medical surgeons to justify their choices of pin diameter to treat patients, but also for researchers to conduct future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Afikah Zainal Abidin
- Bioinspired Devices and Tissue Engineering (BIOINSPIRA) Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Pakar Kanak-Kanak, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hanif Ramlee
- Bioinspired Devices and Tissue Engineering (BIOINSPIRA) Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Pakar Kanak-Kanak, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Amir Mustakim Ab Rashid
- Bioinspired Devices and Tissue Engineering (BIOINSPIRA) Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Pakar Kanak-Kanak, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bing Wui Ng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Pakar Kanak-Kanak, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hong Seng Gan
- Department of Data Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 16100 UMK City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir
- Bioinspired Devices and Tissue Engineering (BIOINSPIRA) Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Sports Innovation and Technology Centre (SITC), Institute of Human Centered Engineering (iHumEn), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Osteoarthritis year in review 2021: mechanics. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:663-670. [PMID: 35081453 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) has a complex, heterogeneous and only partly understood etiology. There is a definite role of joint cartilage pathomechanics in originating and progressing of the disease. Although it is still not identified precisely enough to design or select targeted treatments, the progress of this year's research demonstrates that this goal became much closer. On multiple scales - tissue, joint and whole body - an increasing number of studies were done, with impressive results. (1) Technology based instrument innovations, especially when combined with machine learning models, have broadened the applicability of biomechanics. (2) Combinations with imaging make biomechanics much more precise & personalized. (3) The combination of Musculoskeletal & Finite Element Models yield valid personalized cartilage loads. (4) Mechanical outcomes are becoming increasingly meaningful to inform and evaluate treatments, including predictive power from biomechanical models. Since most recent advancements in the field of biomechanics in OA are at the level of a proof op principle, future research should not only continue on this successful path of innovation, but also aim to develop clinical workflows that would facilitate including precision biomechanics in large scale studies. Eventually this will yield clinical tools for decision making and a rationale for new therapies in OA.
Collapse
|