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Tazawa M, Katsuhara M, Wayne R. Age dependence of the hydraulic resistances of the plasma membrane and the tonoplast (vacuolar membrane) in cells of Chara corallina. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:793-801. [PMID: 33491162 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic resistances (reciprocals of hydraulic conductivities) of the cell (Lp-1), the cell wall (Lpw-1), the membrane (Lpm-1), the plasma membrane (Lppm-1), and the tonoplast (Lptp-1) were determined in individual internodal cells of Chara corallina and their dependence on the cell age was studied. The thickness of the cell wall (d) was adopted as an index of the cell age, since the cell wall of spring-grown young cells (sg-cells) was found to be significantly thinner than that of winter-spent old cells (ws-cells). Both Lpw-1 and Lpm-1 were found to increase with cell age. Since Lpm-1 is the sum of Lppm-1 and Lptp-1, their dependence on the wall thickness was studied. It was found that both Lppm-1 and Lptp-1 increase with cell age using d as a proxy and that the former is distinctly higher than the latter. The ratio Lppm-1/Lptp-1 amounts to 30 for 5 μm of d, indicating that the tonoplast is a negligible barrier to osmotic water flow. The ratio decreases with the increase in d and amounts to 5.0 for 11 μm of d, showing that the tonoplast ages faster than the plasma membrane. The physiological meaning of the age dependence of hydraulic resistance of the tonoplast was discussed in terms of the role of the vacuole in the osmoregulation of the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tazawa
- Yoshida Biological Laboratory, 11-1 Takehanasotoda-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8081, Japan.
| | - Maki Katsuhara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, 2-10-1, Chuo, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Randy Wayne
- Laboratory of Natural Philosophy, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Ishikawa-Sakurai J, Murai-Hatano M, Hayashi H, Matsunami M, Kuwagata T. Rice aquaporins and their responses to environmental stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3117/rootres.26.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Ishikawa-Sakurai
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University
| | | | - Hidehiro Hayashi
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University
| | - Maya Matsunami
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO
- JSPS Research Fellow
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Vitali V, Sutka M, Amodeo G, Chara O, Ozu M. The Water to Solute Permeability Ratio Governs the Osmotic Volume Dynamics in Beetroot Vacuoles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1388. [PMID: 27695468 PMCID: PMC5024706 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell vacuoles occupy up to 90% of the cell volume and, beyond their physiological function, are constantly subjected to water and solute exchange. The osmotic flow and vacuole volume dynamics relies on the vacuole membrane -the tonoplast- and its capacity to regulate its permeability to both water and solutes. The osmotic permeability coefficient (Pf ) is the parameter that better characterizes the water transport when submitted to an osmotic gradient. Usually, Pf determinations are made in vitro from the initial rate of volume change, when a fast (almost instantaneous) osmolality change occurs. When aquaporins are present, it is accepted that initial volume changes are only due to water movements. However, in living cells osmotic changes are not necessarily abrupt but gradually imposed. Under these conditions, water flux might not be the only relevant driving force shaping the vacuole volume response. In this study, we quantitatively investigated volume dynamics of isolated Beta vulgaris root vacuoles under progressively applied osmotic gradients at different pH, a condition that modifies the tonoplast Pf . We followed the vacuole volume changes while simultaneously determining the external osmolality time-courses and analyzing these data with mathematical modeling. Our findings indicate that vacuole volume changes, under progressively applied osmotic gradients, would not depend on the membrane elastic properties, nor on the non-osmotic volume of the vacuole, but on water and solute fluxes across the tonoplast. We found that the volume of the vacuole at the steady state is determined by the ratio of water to solute permeabilites (Pf /Ps ), which in turn is ruled by pH. The dependence of the permeability ratio on pH can be interpreted in terms of the degree of aquaporin inhibition and the consequently solute transport modulation. This is relevant in many plant organs such as root, leaves, cotyledons, or stems that perform extensive rhythmic growth movements, which very likely involve considerable cell volume changes within seconds to hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Vitali
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Moira Sutka
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Amodeo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Chara
- System Biology Group (SysBio), Institute of Physics of Liquids and Biological Systems (IFLYSIB) CONICET, University of La PlataLa Plata, Argentina
- Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Marcelo Ozu
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO–Houssay), Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Marcelo Ozu
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Maurel C, Boursiac Y, Luu DT, Santoni V, Shahzad Z, Verdoucq L. Aquaporins in Plants. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:1321-58. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are membrane channels that facilitate the transport of water and small neutral molecules across biological membranes of most living organisms. In plants, aquaporins occur as multiple isoforms reflecting a high diversity of cellular localizations, transport selectivity, and regulation properties. Plant aquaporins are localized in the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, plastids and, in some species, in membrane compartments interacting with symbiotic organisms. Plant aquaporins can transport various physiological substrates in addition to water. Of particular relevance for plants is the transport of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and ammonia or metalloids such as boron and silicon. Structure-function studies are developed to address the molecular and cellular mechanisms of plant aquaporin gating and subcellular trafficking. Phosphorylation plays a central role in these two processes. These mechanisms allow aquaporin regulation in response to signaling intermediates such as cytosolic pH and calcium, and reactive oxygen species. Combined genetic and physiological approaches are now integrating this knowledge, showing that aquaporins play key roles in hydraulic regulation in roots and leaves, during drought but also in response to stimuli as diverse as flooding, nutrient availability, temperature, or light. A general hydraulic control of plant tissue expansion by aquaporins is emerging, and their role in key developmental processes (seed germination, emergence of lateral roots) has been established. Plants with genetically altered aquaporin functions are now tested for their ability to improve plant tolerance to stresses. In conclusion, research on aquaporins delineates ever expanding fields in plant integrative biology thereby establishing their crucial role in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Maurel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yann Boursiac
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Doan-Trung Luu
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Santoni
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Zaigham Shahzad
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lionel Verdoucq
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Microscale modeling of coupled water transport and mechanical deformation of fruit tissue during dehydration. J FOOD ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Volgger M, Lang I, Ovecka M, Lichtscheidl I. Plasmolysis and cell wall deposition in wheat root hairs under osmotic stress. PROTOPLASMA 2010; 243:51-62. [PMID: 19533299 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-009-0055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We analysed cell wall formation in rapidly growing root hairs of Triticum aestivum under reduced turgor pressure by application of iso- and hypertonic mannitol solutions. Our experimental series revealed an osmotic value of wheat root hairs of 150 mOsm. In higher concentrations (200-650 mOsm), exocytosis of wall material and its deposition, as well as callose synthesis, still occurred, but the elongation of root hairs was stopped. Even after strong plasmolysis when the protoplast retreated from the cell wall, deposits of wall components were observed. Labelling with DiOC(6)(3) and FM1-43 revealed numerous Hechtian strands that spanned the plasmolytic space. Interestingly, the Hechtian strands also led towards the very tip of the root hair suggesting strong anchoring sites that are readily incorporated into the new cell wall. Long-term treatments of over 24 h in mannitol solutions (150-450 mOsm) resulted in reduced growth and concentration-dependent shortening of root hairs. However, the formation of new root hairs does occur in all concentrations used. This reflects the extraordinary potential of wheat root cells to adapt to environmental stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Volgger
- Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Okubo-Kurihara E, Sano T, Higaki T, Kutsuna N, Hasezawa S. Acceleration of vacuolar regeneration and cell growth by overexpression of an aquaporin NtTIP1;1 in tobacco BY-2 cells. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 50:151-60. [PMID: 19042915 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcn181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin is a water channel that increases water permeability through membranous structures. In plants, vacuoles are essential organelles that undergo dynamic volume changes during cell growth. To understand the contribution of aquaporins to plant cell growth, we developed a transgenic tobacco BY-2 cell line overexpressing the tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP), gammaTIP. Vacuolar membranes of isolated vacuoles from gammaTIP-overexpressing cells showed higher water permeation activities than those from wild-type cells. We then examined the role of gammaTIP in vacuolar regeneration of evacuolated tobacco BY-2 protoplasts (miniprotoplasts). Vacuolar regeneration from thin to thick tube-network vacuoles and subsequent development of large vacuoles was accelerated in miniprotoplasts of this cell line. A parallel increase in the rate of cell expansion indicated a tight relationship between vacuolar development and cellular volume increases. Interestingly, overexpression of tobacco gammaTIP also enhanced cell division. Thus, increased vacuolar aquaporin activity may accelerate both cell expansion and cell division by increasing water permeability through the vacuolar membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Okubo-Kurihara
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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Katsuhara M, Hanba YT, Shiratake K, Maeshima M. Expanding roles of plant aquaporins in plasma membranes and cell organelles. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2008; 35:1-14. [PMID: 32688752 DOI: 10.1071/fp07130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins facilitate water transport across biomembranes in a manner dependent on osmotic pressure and water-potential gradient. The discovery of aquaporins has facilitated research on intracellular and whole-plant water transport at the molecular level. Aquaporins belong to a ubiquitous family of membrane intrinsic proteins (MIP). Plants have four subfamilies: plasma-membrane intrinsic protein (PIP), tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP), nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein (NIP), and small basic intrinsic protein (SIP). Recent research has revealed a diversity of plant aquaporins, especially their physiological functions and intracellular localisation. A few PIP members have been reported to be involved in carbon dioxide permeability of cells. Newly identified transport substrates for NIP members of rice and Arabidopsis thaliana have been demonstrated to transport silicon and boron, respectively. Ammonia, glycerol, and hydrogen peroxide have been identified as substrates for plant aquaporins. The intracellular localisation of plant aquaporins is diverse; for example, SIP members are localised on the ER membrane. There has been much progress in the research on the functional regulation of water channel activity of PIP members including phosphorylation, formation of hetero-oligomer, and protonation of histidine residues under acidic condition. This review provides a broad overview of the range of potential aquaporins, which are now believed to participate in the transport of several small molecules in various membrane systems in model plants, crops, flowers and fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Katsuhara
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yuko T Hanba
- Centre for Bioresource Field Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 616-8354, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Shiratake
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Maeshima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Maurel C, Verdoucq L, Luu DT, Santoni V. Plant aquaporins: membrane channels with multiple integrated functions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2008; 59:595-624. [PMID: 18444909 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 696] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins are channel proteins present in the plasma and intracellular membranes of plant cells, where they facilitate the transport of water and/or small neutral solutes (urea, boric acid, silicic acid) or gases (ammonia, carbon dioxide). Recent progress was made in understanding the molecular bases of aquaporin transport selectivity and gating. The present review examines how a wide range of selectivity profiles and regulation properties allows aquaporins to be integrated in numerous functions, throughout plant development, and during adaptations to variable living conditions. Although they play a central role in water relations of roots, leaves, seeds, and flowers, aquaporins have also been linked to plant mineral nutrition and carbon and nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Maurel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, SupAgro/INRA/CNRS/UM2 UMR 5004, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France.
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