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Zhao L, Yan J, Xiang Y, Sun Y, Zhang A. ZmWRKY104 Transcription Factor Phosphorylated by ZmMPK6 Functioning in ABA-Induced Antioxidant Defense and Enhance Drought Tolerance in Maize. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090893. [PMID: 34571770 PMCID: PMC8467104 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Current knowledge about the downstream substrate proteins of MAPKs is still limited. Our study screened a new WRKY IIa transcription factor as the substrate protein of ZmMPK6, and its phosphorylation at Thr-59 is critical to the role of ZmWRKY104 in ABA-induced antioxidant defense. Moreover, overexpression ZmWRKY104 in maize enhances the drought tolerance of transgenic plants. These findings define a mechanism for the function of ZmWRKY104 phosphorylated by ZmMPK6 in ABA-induced antioxidant defense and drought tolerance. Abstract Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are primary signaling pathways involved in various signaling pathways triggered by abiotic and biotic stresses in plants. The downstream substrate proteins of MAPKs in maize, however, are still limited. Here, we screened a WRKY IIa transcription factor (TF) in maize (Zeamays L.), ZmWRKY104, and found that it is a substrate of ZmMPK6. ZmWRKY104 physically interacts with ZmMPK6 in vitro and in vivo. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis results showed that threonine-59 (Thr-59, T59) was the major phosphorylation site of ZmWRKY104 by ZmMPK6. Subcellular localization analysis suggested that ZmWRKY104 acts in the nucleus and that ZmMPK6 acts in the nucleus and cytoplasmic membrane in the cytosol. Functional analysis revealed that the role of ZmWRKY104 in ABA-induced antioxidant defense depends on ZmMPK6. Moreover, overexpression of ZmWRKY104 in maize can enhance drought tolerance and relieve drought-induced oxidative damage in transgenic lines. The above results help define the mechanism of the function of ZmWRKY104 phosphorylated by ZmMPK6 in ABA-induced antioxidant defense and drought tolerance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jingwei Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yang Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Aying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (Y.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8439-9078
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Khaleghnezhad V, Yousefi AR, Tavakoli A, Farajmand B, Mastinu A. Concentrations-dependent effect of exogenous abscisic acid on photosynthesis, growth and phenolic content of Dracocephalum moldavica L. under drought stress. PLANTA 2021; 253:127. [PMID: 34036415 PMCID: PMC8149364 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The drought conditions and the application of ABA reduce the photosynthetic activity, and the processes related to the transpiration of Dracocephalum moldavica L. At the same time, the plant increases the production of phenolic compounds and essential oil as a response to stress conditions. In the semi-arid regions, drought stress is the most important environmental limitations for crop production. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in the reactions of plants towards environmental stress such as drought. Field experiments for two consecutive years in 2016 and 2017 were conducted to evaluate the effect of three watering regimes (well-watered, moderate and severe drought) and five exogenous ABA concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μM) on growth, photosynthesis, total phenolic and essential oil content of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Without ABA application, the highest photosynthetic rate (6.1 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) was obtained under well-watered condition and, moderate and severe drought stress decreased photosynthesis rate by 26.39% and 34.43%, respectively. Some growth parameters such as stem height, leaf area, leaf dry weight and biological yield were also reduced by drought stress. ABA application showed a decreasing trend in photosynthesis rate and mentioned plant growth parameters under all moisture regimes. The highest seed yield (1243.56 kg ha-1) was obtained under well-watered condition without ABA application. Increasing ABA concentration decreased seed yield in all moisture regimes. The highest total phenolic content (8.9 mg g-1 FW) and essential oil yield (20.58 kg ha-1) were obtained from 20 and 5 μM ABA concentration, respectively, under moderate drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Reza Yousefi
- Department of Plant Production & Genetics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Afshin Tavakoli
- Department of Plant Production & Genetics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Bahman Farajmand
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Cheng Q, Bai S, Ge G, Li P, Liu L, Zhang C, Jia Y. Study on differentially expressed genes related to defoliation traits in two alfalfa varieties based on RNA-Seq. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:807. [PMID: 30404602 PMCID: PMC6223052 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a widely cultivated, essential commercial forage crop. The protein content in its leaves is the critical factor in determining the quality of alfalfa. Thus far, the understanding of the molecular mechanism of alfalfa defoliation traits remains unclear. The transcriptome database created by RNA-Seq is used to identify critical genes related to defoliation traits. Results In this study, we sequenced the transcriptomes of the Zhungeer variety (with easy leaf abscission) and WL319HQ variety (without easy leaf abscission). Among the identified 66,734 unigenes, 706 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) upregulated, and 392 unigenes downregulated in the Zhungeer vs WL319HQ leaf. KEGG pathway annotations showed that 8,414 unigenes were annotated to 87 pathways and contained 281 DEGs. Six DEGs belonging to the “Carotenoid biosynthesis”, “Plant hormone signal transduction” and “Circadian rhythm-plant” pathways involved in defoliation traits were identified and validated by RT-qPCR analyses. Conclusions This study used RNA-Seq to discover genes associated with defoliation traits between two alfalfa varieties. Our transcriptome data dramatically enriches alfalfa functional genomic studies. In addition, these data provide theoretical guidance for field production practice and genetic breeding, as well as references for future study of defoliation traits in alfalfa. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5180-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Cheng
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China
| | - Shiqie Bai
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China
| | - Ping Li
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Liying Liu
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Science, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Yushan Jia
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China.
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Rattanakon S, Ghan R, Gambetta GA, Deluc LG, Schlauch KA, Cramer GR. Abscisic acid transcriptomic signaling varies with grapevine organ. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:72. [PMID: 27001301 PMCID: PMC4802729 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates various developmental processes and stress responses over both short (i.e. hours or days) and longer (i.e. months or seasons) time frames. To elucidate the transcriptional regulation of early responses of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) responding to ABA, different organs of grape (berries, shoot tips, leaves, roots and cell cultures) were treated with 10 μM (S)-(+)-ABA for 2 h. NimbleGen whole genome microarrays of Vitis vinifera were used to determine the effects of ABA on organ-specific mRNA expression patterns. RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis revealed 839 genes whose transcript abundances varied significantly in a specific organ in response to ABA treatment. No single gene exhibited the same changes in transcript abundance across all organs in response to ABA. The biochemical pathways affected by ABA were identified using the Cytoscape program with the BiNGO plug-in software. The results indicated that these 839 genes were involved in several biological processes such as flavonoid metabolism, response to reactive oxygen species, response to light, and response to temperature stimulus. ABA affected ion and water transporters, particularly in the root. The protein amino acid phosphorylation process was significantly overrepresented in shoot tips and roots treated with ABA. ABA affected mRNA abundance of genes (CYP707As, UGTs, and PP2Cs) associated with ABA degradation, conjugation, and the ABA signaling pathway. ABA also significantly affected the expression of several transcription factors (e.g. AP2/ERF, MYC/MYB, and bZIP/AREB). The greatest number of significantly differentially expressed genes was observed in the roots followed by cell cultures, leaves, berries, and shoot tips, respectively. Each organ had a unique set of gene responses to ABA. CONCLUSIONS This study examined the short-term effects of ABA on different organs of grapevine. The responses of each organ were unique indicating that ABA signaling varies with the organ. Understanding the ABA responses in an organ-specific manner is crucial to fully understand hormone action and plant responses to water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supakan Rattanakon
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | - Ryan Ghan
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | - Gregory A. Gambetta
- />Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), EGFV, UMR 1287, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Laurent G. Deluc
- />Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Karen A. Schlauch
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | - Grant R. Cramer
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
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Ha CV, Watanabe Y, Tran UT, Le DT, Tanaka M, Nguyen KH, Seki M, Nguyen DV, Tran LSP. Comparative analysis of root transcriptomes from two contrasting drought-responsive Williams 82 and DT2008 soybean cultivars under normal and dehydration conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:551. [PMID: 26300889 PMCID: PMC4528160 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The economically important DT2008 and the model Williams 82 (W82) soybean cultivars were reported to have differential drought-tolerant degree to dehydration and drought, which was associated with root trait. Here, we used 66K Affymetrix Soybean Array GeneChip to compare the root transcriptomes of DT2008 and W82 seedlings under normal, as well as mild (2 h treatment) and severe (10 h treatment) dehydration conditions. Out of the 38172 soybean genes annotated with high confidence, 822 (2.15%) and 632 (1.66%) genes showed altered expression by dehydration in W82 and DT2008 roots, respectively, suggesting that a larger machinery is required to be activated in the drought-sensitive W82 cultivar to cope with the stress. We also observed that long-term dehydration period induced expression change of more genes in soybean roots than the short-term one, independently of the genotypes. Furthermore, our data suggest that the higher drought tolerability of DT2008 might be attributed to the higher number of genes induced in DT2008 roots than in W82 roots by early dehydration, and to the expression changes of more genes triggered by short-term dehydration than those by prolonged dehydration in DT2008 roots vs. W82 roots. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that could be predicted to have a known function were further analyzed to gain a basic understanding on how soybean plants respond to dehydration for their survival. The higher drought tolerability of DT2008 vs. W82 might be attributed to differential expression in genes encoding osmoprotectant biosynthesis-, detoxification- or cell wall-related proteins, kinases, transcription factors and phosphatase 2C proteins. This research allowed us to identify genetic components that contribute to the improved drought tolerance of DT2008, as well as provide a useful genetic resource for in-depth functional analyses that ultimately leads to development of soybean cultivars with improved tolerance to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Van Ha
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Technology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural ScienceHanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
| | - Uyen Thi Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
| | - Dung Tien Le
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Technology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural ScienceHanoi, Vietnam
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
| | - Kien Huu Nguyen
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Technology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural ScienceHanoi, Vietnam
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology AgencyKawaguchi, Japan
| | - Dong Van Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Technology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural ScienceHanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Lam-Son Phan Tran, Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the major phytohormones and regulates various processes in the plant life cycle, for example, seed development and abiotic/biotic stress responses. Recent studies have made significant progress in elucidating ABA signaling and established a simple ABA signaling model consisting of three core components: PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors, 2C-type protein phosphatases, and SnRK2 protein kinases. This model highlights the importance of protein phosphorylation mediated by SnRK2, but the downstream substrates of SnRK2 remain to be determined to complete the model. Previous studies have identified several SnRK2 substrates involving transcription factors and ion channels. Recently, SnRK2 substrates have been further surveyed by a phosphoproteomic approach, giving new insights on the SnRK2 downstream pathway. Other protein kinases, e.g., Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), have been identified as ABA signaling factors. Some evidence suggests that the SnRK2 pathway partially interacts with CDPK or MAPK pathways. In this chapter, recent advances in ABA signaling study are summarized, primarily focusing on two major protein kinases, SnRK2 and MAPK. Challenges for further study of the ABA-dependent protein phosphorylation network are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Umezawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan.
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Umezawa T, Sugiyama N, Takahashi F, Anderson JC, Ishihama Y, Peck SC, Shinozaki K. Genetics and phosphoproteomics reveal a protein phosphorylation network in the abscisic acid signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Signal 2013; 6:rs8. [PMID: 23572148 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that regulates diverse plant processes, including seed germination and the response to dehydration. In Arabidopsis thaliana, protein kinases of the SNF1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) family are believed to transmit ABA- or dehydration-induced signals through phosphorylation of downstream substrates. By mass spectrometry, we identified proteins that were phosphorylated in Arabidopsis wild-type plants, but not in mutants lacking all three members of the SnRK2 family (srk2dei), treated with ABA or subjected to dehydration stress. The number of differentially phosphorylated peptides was greater in srk2dei plants treated with ABA than in the ones subjected to dehydration, suggesting that SnRK2 was mainly involved in ABA signaling rather than dehydration. We identified 35 peptides that were differentially phosphorylated in wild-type but not in srk2dei plants treated with ABA. Biochemical and genetic studies of candidate SnRK2-regulated phosphoproteins showed that SnRK2 promoted the ABA-induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases AtMPK1 and AtMPK2; that SnRK2 mediated phosphorylation of Ser(45) in a bZIP transcription factor, AREB1 (ABA-responsive element binding protein 1), and stimulated ABA-responsive gene expression; and that a previously unknown protein, SnRK2-substrate 1 (SNS1), was phosphorylated in vivo by ABA-activated SnRK2s. Reverse genetic analysis revealed that SNS1 inhibited ABA responses in Arabidopsis. Thus, by integrating genetics with phosphoproteomics, we identified multiple components of the ABA-responsive protein phosphorylation network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Umezawa
- Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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Madrahimov A, Helikar T, Kowal B, Lu G, Rogers J. Dynamics of influenza virus and human host interactions during infection and replication cycle. Bull Math Biol 2012; 75:988-1011. [PMID: 23081726 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-012-9777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The replication and life cycle of the influenza virus is governed by an intricate network of intracellular regulatory events during infection, including interactions with an even more complex system of biochemical interactions of the host cell. Computational modeling and systems biology have been successfully employed to further the understanding of various biological systems, however, computational studies of the complexity of intracellular interactions during influenza infection is lacking. In this work, we present the first large-scale dynamical model of the infection and replication cycle of influenza, as well as some of its interactions with the host's signaling machinery. Specifically, we focus on and visualize the dynamics of the internalization and endocytosis of the virus, replication and translation of its genomic components, as well as the assembly of progeny virions. Simulations and analyses of the models dynamics qualitatively reproduced numerous biological phenomena discovered in the laboratory. Finally, comparisons of the dynamics of existing and proposed drugs, our results suggest that a drug targeting PB1:PA would be more efficient than existing Amantadin/Rimantaine or Zanamivir/Oseltamivir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Madrahimov
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
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Ben-Ari G. The ABA signal transduction mechanism in commercial crops: learning from Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:1357-69. [PMID: 22660953 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) affects a wide range of stages of plant development as well as the plant's response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Manipulation of ABA signaling in commercial crops holds promising potential for improving crop yields. Several decades of research have been invested in attempts to identify the first components of the ABA signaling cascade. It was only in 2009, that two independent groups identified the PYR/PYL/RCAR protein family as the plant ABA receptor. This finding was followed by a surge of studies on ABA signal transduction, many of them using Arabidopsis as their model. The ABA signaling cascade was found to consist of a double-negative regulatory mechanism assembled from three protein families. These include the ABA receptors, the PP2C family of inhibitors, and the kinase family, SnRK2. It was found that ABA-bound PYR/RCARs inhibit PP2C activity, and that PP2Cs inactivate SnRK2s. Researchers today are examining how the elucidation of the ABA signaling cascade in Arabidopsis can be applied to improvements in commercial agriculture. In this article, we have attempted to review recent studies which address this issue. In it, we discuss various approaches useful in identifying the genetic and protein components involved. Finally, we suggest possible commercial applications of genetic manipulation of ABA signaling to improve crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giora Ben-Ari
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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Sreenivasulu N, Harshavardhan VT, Govind G, Seiler C, Kohli A. Contrapuntal role of ABA: does it mediate stress tolerance or plant growth retardation under long-term drought stress? Gene 2012; 506:265-73. [PMID: 22771691 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in defining the functional basis of abscisic acid in regulating growth, development and stress response have provided essential components for its actions. We are yet to envision the impact of how differential levels of ABA influence plant growth across life cycle. Here we reviewed the information arising from the recent unprecedented advancement made in the field of ABA signaling operative under calcium-dependent and calcium-independent pathways mediating the transcriptional reprogramming under short-term stress response. Advancement made in the field of ABA receptors and transporters has started to fill major gaps in our understanding of the ABA action. However, ABA just not only regulates guard cell movement but impacts other reproductive tissue development through massive transcriptional reprogramming events affecting various stages of the plant life cycle. Therefore many questions still remain unanswered. One such intriguing question is the contradictory role of ABA known to mediate two opposite faces of the coin: regulating abiotic stress tolerance and imparting growth retardation. In this review, we critically assessed the impact of substantial elevated levels of ABA on impairment of photosynthesis and growth alteration and its subsequent influence on seed yield formation. Excess biosynthesis of ABA under stress may deprive the same precursor pool necessary for chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway, thereby triggering growth retardation. Further, we emphasized the importance of ABA homeostasis for integrating stress cues towards coordinating sustainable plant growth. Also we provided a pertinent background on ABA biosynthesis and degradation pathway manipulation to highlight the genes and processes used in genetic engineering of plants for changed ABA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese Sreenivasulu
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Interdiciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (IZN) Research Group Stress Genomics, Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
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Seung D, Risopatron JPM, Jones BJ, Marc J. Circadian clock-dependent gating in ABA signalling networks. PROTOPLASMA 2012; 249:445-57. [PMID: 21773710 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-011-0304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are intimately attuned to fluctuations in environmental variables such as light, temperature and water availability. A broad range of signalling and dynamic response mechanisms allows them to adjust their physiology so that growth and reproductive capacity are optimised for the prevailing conditions. Many of the response mechanisms are mediated by the plant hormones. The hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a dominant role in fundamental processes such as seed dormancy and germination, regulation of stomatal movements and enhancing drought tolerance in response to the osmotic stresses that result from water deficit, salinity and freezing. Whereas plants maintain a constant vigilance, there is emerging evidence that the capacity to respond is gated by the circadian clock so that it varies with diurnal fluctuations in light, temperature and water status. Clock regulation enables plants to anticipate regular diurnal fluctuations and thereby presumably to maximise metabolic efficiency. Circadian clock-dependent gating appears to regulate the ABA signalling network at numerous points, including metabolism, transport, perception and activity of the hormone. In this review, we summarise the basic principles and recent progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of circadian gating of the ABA response network and how it can affect fundamental processes in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Seung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Cramer GR, Urano K, Delrot S, Pezzotti M, Shinozaki K. Effects of abiotic stress on plants: a systems biology perspective. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 11:163. [PMID: 22094046 PMCID: PMC3252258 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-11-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The natural environment for plants is composed of a complex set of abiotic stresses and biotic stresses. Plant responses to these stresses are equally complex. Systems biology approaches facilitate a multi-targeted approach by allowing one to identify regulatory hubs in complex networks. Systems biology takes the molecular parts (transcripts, proteins and metabolites) of an organism and attempts to fit them into functional networks or models designed to describe and predict the dynamic activities of that organism in different environments. In this review, research progress in plant responses to abiotic stresses is summarized from the physiological level to the molecular level. New insights obtained from the integration of omics datasets are highlighted. Gaps in our knowledge are identified, providing additional focus areas for crop improvement research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Cramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mail Stop 330, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Kaoru Urano
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
| | - Serge Delrot
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, UMR 1287, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Mario Pezzotti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
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Kilian J, Peschke F, Berendzen KW, Harter K, Wanke D. Prerequisites, performance and profits of transcriptional profiling the abiotic stress response. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2011; 1819:166-75. [PMID: 22001611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, microarrays became a routine tool for the analysis of transcripts in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the crop plant species rice, poplar or barley. The overwhelming amount of data generated by gene expression studies is a valuable resource for every scientist. Here, we summarize the most important findings about the abiotic stress responses in plants. Interestingly, conserved patterns of gene expression responses have been found that are common between different abiotic stresses or that are conserved between different plant species. However, the individual histories of each plant affect the inter-comparability between experiments already before the onset of the actual stress treatment. This review outlines multiple aspects of microarray technology and highlights some of the benefits, limitations and also pitfalls of the technique. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant gene regulation in response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Kilian
- Center of Plant Molecular Biology, ZMBP-Plant Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.
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