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Li MM, Su QL, Zu JR, Xie L, Wei Q, Guo HR, Chen J, Zeng RZ, Zhang ZS. Triploid cultivars of Cymbidium act as a bridge in the formation of polyploid plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1029915. [PMID: 36684754 PMCID: PMC9853991 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1029915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Triploid is considered a reproductive barrier and also a bridge in the formation of polyploids. However, few reports are available in Cymbidium. In this study, diploid 'Xiaofeng', sexual triploid 'Yuchan' and 'Huanghe' of Cymbidium were used to evaluate hybridization compatibility of the triploids. Results showed that the sexual triploids were fertile whether they were used as male or female parents. 'Yuchan' produced male gametes of 1x, 1x~2x, 2x, 2x~3x, and 3x at frequencies of 8.89%, 77.78%, 6.67%, 3.33%, and 3.33%, respectively; while 'Huanghe' produced 3.33% 1x, 80.00% 1x~2x, 8.89% 2x, 5.56% 2x~3x, and 2.22% 3x male gametes. The cross of 'Xiaofeng' with 'Yuchan' produced progenies with a wide range of ploidy levels, including one diploid, 34 2×~3× aneuploids, 12 triploids, and one tetraploid, indicating that male gametes produced by sexual triploid were fertile and could be transmitted and fused with egg cells. On the other hand, 10 progenies obtained from the cross of 'Yuchan' × 'Xiaofeng' were all aneuploids. The cross of 'Yuchan' with 'Huanghe' produced 40 progenies including three 2×~3× aneuploids, nine 3×~4× aneuploids, 21 tetraploids, six 4×~5× aneuploids, and one pentaploid, suggesting that 2x gametes, instead of the unreduced ones played a more important role in the formation of tetraploids. The survival rates of the hybrids were all above 80.00%, with the tetraploids at 96.67%. Cytological analysis revealed that during meiosis of sexual polyploids, two chromosome sets of the 2n gamete were inclined to enter into the same daughter cell, resulting in the production of 2x gametes. Our results indicate that the triploid cymbidiums are not reproductive barrier but serve as a bridge in the formation of polyploid plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Man Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Lian Su
- Guangzhou Flower Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Rui Zu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Xie
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - He-Rong Guo
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Environmental Horticulture Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, United States
| | - Rui-Zhen Zeng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Luque JMR, Moreno EMS, Kovalsky IE, Seijo JG, SolÍs Neffa VG. Polyploidy, genome size variation and diversification in an autopolyploid complex: the case of Turnera sidoides (Passifloraceae, Turneroideae). SYST BIODIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2036854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Roggero Luque
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Evolución Vegetal, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Sargento Cabral 2131, Corrientes, 3400, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Av. Libertad 5470, Corrientes, 3400, Argentina
| | - E. M. Sara Moreno
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Evolución Vegetal, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Sargento Cabral 2131, Corrientes, 3400, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Av. Libertad 5470, Corrientes, 3400, Argentina
| | - Ivana E. Kovalsky
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Evolución Vegetal, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Sargento Cabral 2131, Corrientes, 3400, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Av. Libertad 5470, Corrientes, 3400, Argentina
| | - J. Guillermo Seijo
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Evolución Vegetal, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Sargento Cabral 2131, Corrientes, 3400, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Av. Libertad 5470, Corrientes, 3400, Argentina
| | - Viviana G. SolÍs Neffa
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Evolución Vegetal, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Sargento Cabral 2131, Corrientes, 3400, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Av. Libertad 5470, Corrientes, 3400, Argentina
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Moreno EMS, Pico GMVDO, Kovalsky IE, Luque JMR, Seijo JG, Neffa VGS. Species diversification in the lowlands of mid-latitude South America: Turnera sidoides subsp. carnea as a case study. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20201067. [PMID: 34468489 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120201067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lowlands of mid-latitude South America comprise complex temperate ecoregions characterized by a unique biodiversity. However, the processes responsible for shaping its species diversity are still largely unknown. Turnera sidoides subsp. carnea is a variable subspecies occurring in the lowlands of northeastern Argentina and Uruguay, extending to southern Paraguay and Brazil. It constitutes a good model to perform evolutionary studies. Here we used an integrative approach to understand the process of diversification within this subspecies and to increase the knowledge concerning patterns and processes responsible for shaping the species diversity in the temperate lowlands of South America. The results provided strong evidences that this subspecies is an autopolyploid complex per se, being in an active process of intrasubspecific diversification. Morphological and genetic data show that the diversity of T. sidoides subsp. carnea is in congruence with the great past and present abiotic and biotic variability of the mid-latitude South American lowlands. The evolutionary history of this subspecies is consistent with past fragmentation and allopatric differentiation at diploid level. Geographic isolation and local adaptation would have promoted strong morphological, ecological, and genetic differentiation, resulting in two morphotypes and different genetic groups indicative of incipient speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercilia M S Moreno
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Sargento Cabral 2131, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Libertad 5460, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Gisela M Via DO Pico
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Sargento Cabral 2131, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Ivana E Kovalsky
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Sargento Cabral 2131, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Libertad 5460, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Juan M Roggero Luque
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Sargento Cabral 2131, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - José G Seijo
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Sargento Cabral 2131, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Libertad 5460, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Viviana G Solís Neffa
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Sargento Cabral 2131, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Libertad 5460, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
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Köhler C, Dziasek K, Del Toro-De León G. Postzygotic reproductive isolation established in the endosperm: mechanisms, drivers and relevance. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200118. [PMID: 33866810 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosperm is a developmental innovation of angiosperms that supports embryo growth and germination. Aside from this essential reproductive function, the endosperm fuels angiosperm evolution by rapidly establishing reproductive barriers between incipient species. Specifically, the endosperm prevents hybridization of newly formed polyploids with their non-polyploid progenitors, a phenomenon termed the triploid block. Furthermore, recently diverged diploid species are frequently reproductively isolated by endosperm-based hybridization barriers. Current genetic approaches have revealed a prominent role for epigenetic processes establishing these barriers. In particular, imprinted genes, which are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner, underpin the interploidy barrier in the model species Arabidopsis. We will discuss the mechanisms establishing hybridization barriers in the endosperm, the driving forces for these barriers and their impact for angiosperm evolution. This article is part of the theme issue 'How does epigenetics influence the course of evolution?'
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Köhler
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Dziasek
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Gerardo Del Toro-De León
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
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Pérez YDJ, Angulo MB, Honfi A, Dematteis M. Embryology and fertility of the natural tetraploid Lessingianthus plantaginoides (Asteraceae, Vernonieae): taxonomic implications. RODRIGUÉSIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202172080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Lessingianthus plantaginoides (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) is a small natural tetraploid shrub that inhabits rocky highlands from South America. The population studied inhabits and covers an extensive region of a private reserve with high local biodiversity and animal and plant endemisms. With the purpose of providing insights into the cyto-embryology of this tetraploid species, the aims of this study were: to perform an ontogenetic study of the male and female gametophytes of L. plantaginoides; to carry out detailed meiotic analysis and evaluate the fertility of this species; to document and provide highlights on taxonomic implications of their reproductive aspects. Lessingianthus plantaginoides presented the following male and female gametophyte traits: dicotyledonous type of anther wall development, tetrahedral tetrads, 3-celled mature pollen grains; development of the chalazal megaspore, monosporic embryo sac and Polygonum type of megagametophyte development. The meiotic behavior was regular, the spores were tetrads of equal size and the pollen grains were highly stainable. Lessingianthus plantaginoides is a highly diplodized autotetraploid that reproduces sexually and has high meiotic regularity; which is apparently responsible for its colonization potential. It now seems certain that polyploid speciation plays a significant role in the establishment and diversification of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Betiana Angulo
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (UNNE), Argentina
| | - Ana Honfi
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Argentina
| | - Massimiliano Dematteis
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (UNNE), Argentina
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Jike W, Li M, Zadra N, Barbaro E, Sablok G, Bertorelle G, Rota-Stabelli O, Varotto C. Phylogenomic proof of Recurrent Demipolyploidization and Evolutionary Stalling of the "Triploid Bridge" in Arundo (Poaceae). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5247. [PMID: 32722033 PMCID: PMC7432733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyploidization is a frequent phenomenon in plants, which entails the increase from one generation to the next by multiples of the haploid number of chromosomes. While tetraploidization is arguably the most common and stable outcome of polyploidization, over evolutionary time triploids often constitute only a transient phase, or a "triploid bridge", between diploid and tetraploid levels. In this study, we reconstructed in a robust phylogenomic and statistical framework the evolutionary history of polyploidization in Arundo, a small genus from the Poaceae family with promising biomass, bioenergy and phytoremediation species. Through the obtainment of 10 novel leaf transcriptomes for Arundo and outgroup species, our results prove that recurrent demiduplication has likely been a major driver of evolution in this species-poor genus. Molecular dating further demonstrates that the species originating by demiduplication stalled in the "triploid bridge" for evolutionary times in the order of millions of years without undergoing tetratploidization. Nevertheless, we found signatures of molecular evolution highlighting some of the processes that accompanied the genus radiation. Our results clarify the complex nature of Arundo evolution and are valuable for future gene functional validation as well as reverse and comparative genomics efforts in the Arundo genus and other Arundinoideae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhe Jike
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy; (W.J.); (M.L.); (E.B.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Mingai Li
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy; (W.J.); (M.L.); (E.B.)
| | - Nicola Zadra
- Department of Sustainable Ecosystems & Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy; (N.Z.); (O.R.-S.)
| | - Enrico Barbaro
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy; (W.J.); (M.L.); (E.B.)
| | - Gaurav Sablok
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Giorgio Bertorelle
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Omar Rota-Stabelli
- Department of Sustainable Ecosystems & Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy; (N.Z.); (O.R.-S.)
| | - Claudio Varotto
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy; (W.J.); (M.L.); (E.B.)
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Rocha L, Ribeiro PL, Endress PK, Rapini A. A brainstorm on the systematics of Turnera (Turneraceae, Malpighiales) caused by insights from molecular phylogenetics and morphological evolution. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 137:44-63. [PMID: 30999036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With 145 species, Turnera is the largest genus of Turneraceae (Malpighiales). Despite several morphotaxonomic and cytogenetic studies, our knowledge about the phylogenetic relationships in Turnera remains mainly based on morphological data. Here, we reconstruct the most comprehensive phylogeny of Turnera with molecular data to understand the morphological evolution within this group and to assess its circumscription and infrageneric classification. We analyzed two nuclear and six plastid markers and 112 taxa, including species and infraspecific taxa, 97 from Turnera, covering the 11 series of the genus. Bayesian inference, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses show that Turnera, as traditionally circumscribed, is not monophyletic. The genus is divided into two well-supported independent clades; one of them is sister to the genus Piriqueta and is here segregated as the new genus Oxossia. According to our reconstructions, Turnera probably evolved from an ancestor without extrafloral nectaries and with solitary, homostylous flowers with yellow petals. The emergences of extrafloral nectaries and distyly, both common in extant taxa, played an important role in the diversification of the genus. An updated infrageneric classification reflecting the relationships within Turnera is now possible based on morphological synapomorphies and is here designed for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamarck Rocha
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Av. Transnordestina s.n., Feira de Santana, 44036-900 Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Luz Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Av. Transnordestina s.n., Feira de Santana, 44036-900 Bahia, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Cruz das Almas, 44380-000 Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Peter K Endress
- University of Zurich, Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Alessandro Rapini
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Av. Transnordestina s.n., Feira de Santana, 44036-900 Bahia, Brazil.
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Martin C, Viruel MA, Lora J, Hormaza JI. Polyploidy in Fruit Tree Crops of the Genus Annona (Annonaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:99. [PMID: 30804968 PMCID: PMC6378316 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Genome duplication or polyploidy is one of the main factors of speciation in plants. It is especially frequent in hybrids and very valuable in many crops. The genus Annona belongs to the Annonaceae, a family that includes several fruit tree crops, such as cherimoya (Annona cherimola), sugar apple (Annona squamosa), their hybrid atemoya (A. cherimola × A. squamosa) or pawpaw (Asimina triloba). In this work, genome content was evaluated in several Annona species, A. triloba and atemoya. Surprisingly, while the hybrid atemoya has been reported as diploid, flow cytometry analysis of a progeny obtained from an interspecific cross between A. cherimola and A. squamosa showed an unusual ploidy variability that was also confirmed karyotype analysis. While the progeny from intraspecific crosses of A. cherimola showed polyploid genotypes that ranged from 2.5 to 33%, the hybrid atemoyas from the interspecific cross showed 35% of triploids from a total of 186 genotypes analyzed. With the aim of understanding the possible implications of the production of non-reduced gametes, pollen performance, pollen size and frequency distribution of pollen grains was quantified in the progeny of this cross and the parents. A large polymorphism in pollen grain size was found within the interspecific progeny with higher production of unreduced pollen in triploids (38%) than in diploids (29%). Moreover, using PCR amplification of selected microsatellite loci, while 13.7% of the pollen grains from the diploids showed two alleles, 41.28% of the grains from the triploids amplified two alleles and 5.63% showed up to three alleles. This suggests that the larger pollen grains could correspond to diploid and, in a lower frequency, to triploid pollen. Pollen performance was also affected with lower pollen germination in the hybrid triploids than in both diploid parents. The results confirm a higher percentage of polyploids in the interspecific cross, affecting pollen grain size and pollen performance. The occurrence of unreduced gametes in A. cherimola, A. squamosa and their interspecific progeny that may result in abnormalities of ploidy such as the triploids and tetraploids observed in this study, opens an interesting opportunity to study polyploidy in Annonaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José I. Hormaza
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
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