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Torres CRG, Mailart MC, Moecke SE, Matuda AGN, Veloso SM, da Silva Ávila DM, Nicoló RD, Borges AB. Flowable bulk-fill versus layering restorative material on Class II restorations: A randomized clinical trial. J Dent 2024; 148:105154. [PMID: 38942111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the clinical performance of Class II restorations made with flowable bulk-fill base versus conventional layering ORMOCER-based restorative material in a split-mouth randomized clinical trial. METHODS Thirty patients received two class II restorations (n = 60) performed with different strategies. All preparations received the application of the universal self-etching adhesive system according to the manufacturer's recommendation, followed by the placement of a sectional matrix, wooden wedge, and separation ring. The first restoration was performed using 4 mm of flowable bulk-fill material covered by 2 mm of conventional viscosity restorative material (Bulk-fill technique). The second restoration was performed only with the conventional viscosity material, with a maximum of 2 mm thick increments, up to fill the cavity (Layering technique). After occlusal adjustment, the same polishing system was used for all restorations. Evaluations using the FDI criteria were conducted after 7 days, 12, and 24 months. Data were analyzed with the Fisher's Exact test (α=0.05). RESULTS From 30 participants, 24 attended the 24-month recall, and 48 restorations were evaluated. All restorations received acceptable overall scores for esthetic and biological properties after this period, while only 6.66 % of the restorations exhibited unacceptable overall scores for the functional properties in both groups. No significant differences between the tested restorative materials and techniques were found for each FDI criterion assessed. The success rate after 2 years was 93.33 % for both groups. CONCLUSION Both restorative materials exhibited good clinical performance for the parameters analyzed with no differences between them after 24-month follow-up. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Flowable bulk-fill ORMOCER-based material is a suitable alternative for direct Class II restorations, providing good clinical outcomes and simplifying the restorative procedure. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER RBR-6mvp9w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil. Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Jardim Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Mariane Cintra Mailart
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil. Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Jardim Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Elise Moecke
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil. Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Jardim Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Amanda Guedes Nogueira Matuda
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil. Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Jardim Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Sheyla Mamede Veloso
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil. Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Jardim Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Daniele Mara da Silva Ávila
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil. Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Jardim Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Di Nicoló
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil. Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Jardim Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil. Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Jardim Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
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Wei F, Bai T, Chen H, Sun G, Chen X, Zhu S. Light-curable urushiol enhanced bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate dentin bonding agent. J Dent 2024; 148:105261. [PMID: 39047891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The low durability of composite resin restorations can be attributed to the degradation of the resin dentin bonding interface. Owing to the presence of hydrophilic components in the adhesive, the integrity of the resin dentin bonding interface is easily compromised, which, in turn, leads to a reduction in bond strength. The hydrophilic nature of the adhesive leads to water sorption, phase separation, and leaching of the resin component. Therefore, hydrophobic adhesives could effectively be used to stabilize the integrity and durability of the resin dentin bonding interface. METHODS We synthesized a novel hydrophobic dentin adhesive by partially replacing bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) with a light-curable urushiol monomer. The properties of the produced adhesive, including the degree of conversion, viscosity, contact angle, water sorption/solubility, and mechanical strength, were comprehensively examined and compared to those of the commercially adhesive Adper Single Bond2 as a positive control. The adhesive properties were determined using microtensile bond strength measurements, laser confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy observations, and nanoleakage tests. Finally, the novel adhesive was subjected to biocompatibility testing to determine its potential cytotoxicity. RESULTS At a light-curable urushiol content of 20 %, the synthesized adhesive exhibited high degrees of conversion and hydrophobicity, low cytotoxicity, good mechanical properties, and outstanding adhesive strength. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of the light-curable urushiol into dentin adhesives can significantly enhance their hydrophobic, mechanical, and bonding properties, demonstrating potential to significantly improve restoration longevity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The integration of light-curable urushiol has endowed the experimental adhesives with several enhanced functionalities. These notable benefits underscore the suitability of this monomer for expanded applications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wei
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Tingting Bai
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Guangdi Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Song Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, PR China.
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Ñaupari-Villasante R, Carpio-Salvatierra B, de Freitas A, de Paris Matos T, Nuñez A, Tarden C, Barceleiro MO, Reis A, Loguercio A. Influence of different viscosity and chemical composition of flowable composite resins: A 48-month split-mouth double-blind randomized clinical trial. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00233-1. [PMID: 39147655 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical performance of two flowable composites based on methacrylate and one based on ormocer in treating non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) after 48-month evaluation in a split-mouth double-blind clinical study design. METHODS A total of 183 restorations were performed on NCCLs using a universal adhesive system (Futurabond U, Voco GmbH) with selective enamel etching on 27 participants: two participants received twelve restorations each, three received nine restorations each, and 22 participants received six restorations each. Three different flowable composites were employed (n = 61): a low-viscosity methacrylate-based composite (GrandioSO Flow, LVM), a high-viscosity methacrylate-based composite (GrandioSO Heavy Flow, HVM), and an ormocer-based flowable composite (Admira Fusion Flow, ORM). All restorations were evaluated using FDI and USPHS criteria after 48 months. Statistical analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier Survival analysis and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance rank (α = 0.05). RESULTS After 48 months, 17 restorations were lost: LVM 6, HVM 9, ORM 2. The retention rates (95 % confidence interval) were 89.4 % for LVM, 80.4 % for HVM, and 95.6 % for ORM, with a significant difference between HVM vs. LVM and HVM vs. ORM (p < 0.05). Minor defects were observed in 30 restorations for marginal staining criteria (LVM 12, HVM 10, ORM 8) and in 71 restorations for marginal adaptation criteria (LVM 24, HVM 20, ORM 27) without significant difference between groups (p > 0.05). No restorations showed postoperative sensitivity or recurrence of caries. SIGNIFICANCE The increased viscosity of flowable composites could reduce the clinical longevity in NCCLs after 48 months. Ormocer-based and low-viscosity methacrylate-based flowable composites showed a successful clinical performance in NCCLs after 48 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Ñaupari-Villasante
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Avenida General Carlos Cavalcanti, Ponta Grossa, PR 4748, Brazil.
| | - Byron Carpio-Salvatierra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Avenida General Carlos Cavalcanti, Ponta Grossa, PR 4748, Brazil.
| | - André de Freitas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Avenida General Carlos Cavalcanti, Ponta Grossa, PR 4748, Brazil.
| | - Thalita de Paris Matos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University of Paraná, R. Padre Ladislau Kula, 395 - Santo Inácio, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Alejandra Nuñez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Avenida General Carlos Cavalcanti, Ponta Grossa, PR 4748, Brazil; Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora y Materiales Dentales, Escuela de Odontologia Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Av. Pampite y Diego de Robles, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Chane Tarden
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Doutor Silvio Henrique Braune, 22, Centro, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Oliveira Barceleiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Doutor Silvio Henrique Braune, 22, Centro, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Alessadra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Avenida General Carlos Cavalcanti, Ponta Grossa, PR 4748, Brazil.
| | - Alessandro Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Avenida General Carlos Cavalcanti, Ponta Grossa, PR 4748, Brazil.
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Santos N, Fuentes-Lemus E, Ahumada M. Use of photosensitive molecules in the crosslinking of biopolymers: applications and considerations in biomaterials development. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6550-6562. [PMID: 38913025 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00299g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The development of diverse types of biomaterials has significantly contributed to bringing new biomedical strategies to treat clinical conditions. Applications of these biomaterials can range from mechanical support and protection of injured tissues to joint replacement, tissue implants, and drug delivery systems. Among the strategies commonly used to prepare biomaterials, the use of electromagnetic radiation to initiate crosslinking stands out. The predominance of photo-induced polymerization methods relies on a fast, efficient, and straightforward process that can be easily adjusted to clinical needs. This strategy consists of irradiating the components that form the material with photons in the near ultraviolet-visible wavelength range (i.e., ∼310 to 750 nm) in the presence of a photoactive molecule. Upon photon absorption, photosensitive molecules can generate excited species that initiate photopolymerization through different reaction mechanisms. However, this process could promote undesired side reactions depending on the target zone or treatment type (e.g., oxidative stress and modification of biomolecules such as proteins and lipids). This review explores the basic concepts behind the photopolymerization process of ex situ and in situ biomaterials. Particular emphasis was put on the photosensitization initiated by the most employed photosensitizers and the photoreactions that they mediate in aqueous media. Finally, the undesired oxidation reactions at the bio-interface and potential solutions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Santos
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona 08017, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
| | - Manuel Ahumada
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile.
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
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Del Giudice C, Rengo C, Maglitto M, Armogida NG, Iaculli F, Rengo S, Menale C, Spagnuolo G. Cytotoxicity effects and differentiation potential of ormocer-based and nanohybrid composite resins on human dental pulp stem cells. Dent Mater 2024; 40:984-992. [PMID: 38724333 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to compare conventional nanohybrid (Ceram.x Spectra) and ormocer-based (Admira fusion) dental composite resins effects on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in terms of cytotoxicity, self-renewal, migration and osteogenic differentiation. METHODS hDPSCs were cultured in presence of different dilutions (undiluted, form 1:2 to 1:100) of CeramX (CX) and Admira fusion (AD) eluates and viability assay in standard or osteogenic conditions were performed. Samples and eluates were prepared according to ISO 10993-12. In addition, apoptosis, self-renewal and migration activity evaluations were carried out. Osteogenic differentiation potential was tested by Alkaline Phosphatase Activity, alizarin red staining and gene expression of specific markers (ALP, RUNX2, OCN, OPN and COL1α1). Statistical analysis was performed by means of a One-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) followed by a Tukey's test for multiple comparison; results were presented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). RESULTS Admira Fusion demonstrated to be highly biocompatible and showed positive effects on hDPSCs proliferation and differentiation; on the contrary, conventional nanohybrid composite showed to be more cytotoxic and without any notable effect on stem cells differentiation. Moreover, the obtained results were further corroborated by a significant upregulation of osteogenic differentiation markers obtained in presence of ormocer-based composite resin eluate. Specifically, in AD 1:50 group expression levels of ALP, Runx2, Col1α1 were double than control (ALP, p = 0.045; Runx2, p = 0.003; Col1α1, p = 0.001) and CX 1:50 (ALP, p = 0.006; RUNX2, p = 0.029; Col1α1, p = 0.005). Moreover, in the same group, OPN and OCN resulted about 5 times more expressed as compared to control (OPN, p = 0.009; OCN, p = 0.0005) and CX 1:50 (OPN, p = 0.012; OCN, p = 0.0006). SIGNIFICANCE The less cytotoxicity obtained by AD than conventional nanohybrid composite may be attributed to a reduced monomers release in the oral environment, supporting the hypothesis of limited adverse effect and enhanced healing potential, mainly when the material is positioned in close contact with pulp tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Del Giudice
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - C Rengo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M Maglitto
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - N G Armogida
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - F Iaculli
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - S Rengo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - C Menale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - G Spagnuolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Miranda SB, Lins RBE, Santi MR, Denucci GC, Silva CCS, da Silva SDFF, Marques DDAV, Montes MAJR. Effect of Rapid High-Intensity Light-Curing on Increasing Transdentinal Temperature and Cell Viability: An In Vitro Study. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1466. [PMID: 38891413 PMCID: PMC11175155 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated effects of rapid high-intensity light-curing (3 s) on increasing transdentinal temperature and cell viability. METHODS A total of 40 dentin discs (0.5 mm) obtained from human molars were prepared, included in artificial pulp chambers (4.5 × 5 mm), and subjected to four light-curing protocols (n = 5), with a Valo Grand light curing unit: (i) 10 s protocol with a moderate intensity of 1000 mW/cm2 (Valo-10 s); (ii) 3 s protocol with a high intensity of 3200 mW/cm2 (Valo-3 s); (iii) adhesive system + Filtek Bulk-Fill Flow bulk-fill composite resin in 10 s (FBF-10 s); (iv) adhesive system + Tetric PowerFlow bulk-fill composite resin in 3 s (TPF-3 s). Transdentinal temperature changes were recorded with a type K thermocouple. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests for comparison between experimental groups (p < 0.05). RESULTS The 3 s high-intensity light-curing protocol generated a higher temperature than the 10 s moderate-intensity standard (p < 0.001). The Valo-10 s and Valo-3 s groups demonstrated greater cell viability than the FBF-10s and TPF-3 s groups and statistical differences were observed between the Valo-3 s and FBF-10 s groups (p = 0.023) and Valo-3 s and TPF-3 s (p = 0.025), with a potential cytotoxic effect for the FBF-10 s and TPF-3 s groups. CONCLUSIONS The 3 s rapid high-intensity light-curing protocol of bulk-fill composite resins caused a temperature increase greater than 10 s and showed cell viability similar to and comparable to the standard protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Rodrigues Santi
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-018, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Giovanna Corrêa Denucci
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Cleyton Cézar Souto Silva
- Department of Clinical Nurse, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58058-600, Paraíba, Brazil;
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Szczesio-Wlodarczyk A, Garoushi S, Vallittu P, Bociong K, Lassila L. Polymerization shrinkage stress of contemporary dental composites: Comparison of two measurement methods. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:155-163. [PMID: 38296513 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare two testing methodologies employed for assessing the polymerization shrinkage stress of dental resin composites. Ten commercial resin composites were investigated (EverX Posterior & Flow; G-ænial Anterior, Posterior, A'CHORD & Universal Injectable; Filtek One Bulk Fill & Universal Restorative; SDR flow+ and Aura Bulk Fill). Photoelastic and contraction forces measurement methods were performed. The slope of the linear trendline and C-factor of specimens were calculated. The shrinkage stress values (range between: 6.4-13.4 MPa) obtained by the photoelastic method were higher for all resin composites than the values obtained by contraction forces measurements (range between 1.2-4.8 MPa). However, there was a strong linear correlation between these methods (r=0.8). The use of both investigated methods revealed important information about the shrinkage behavior of the restorative resin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
| | - Pekka Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
- Wellbeing Services County of South-West Finland
| | - Kinga Bociong
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
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Alshetiwi DSD, Muttlib NAA, El-Damanhoury HM, Alawi R, Rahman NA, Elsahn NA, Karobari MI. Evaluation of mechanical properties of anatomically customized fiber posts using E-glass short fiber-reinforced composite to restore weakened endodontically treated premolars. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:323. [PMID: 38468269 PMCID: PMC10926594 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to assess the influence of combining different forms of fiber-reinforced composites (FRC) on the mechanical behavior and bond strength of compromised endodontically treated teeth (ETT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into five experimental groups according to the type of intra-radicular restoration and the canal preparation design which was either non-flared (Group 1), flared (Groups 2-5), closed-apex (Groups 1,3,5) or open-apex (Groups 2,4). Standard prefabricated fiber posts were used as intra-radicular restoration for Groups 1-3 while Groups 4-5 were restored with anatomically customized relined fiber posts. After composite core fabrication, all samples were sent for an artificial aging process. Fracture resistance and push-out bond strength tests were then carried out through a universal testing machine followed by mode of failure analysis via a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. RESULTS Pairwise Log-Rank comparisons revealed that the survival rate of Group 2 and Group 3 was significantly lower than all other groups after artificial aging. The highest fracture resistance value (1796 N) was recorded in Group 5 and was significantly higher than that of the other groups (p < 0.05), while Group 2 exhibited the lowest fracture resistance (758 N), which was significantly lower compared to the other groups. Group 5 and Group 4 demonstrated a significantly higher push-out bond strength, at all root thirds, than Group 3, Group 2, and Group 1 (p < 0.05). The most frequently observed failure mode in the tested groups occurred between the resin cement and radicular dentin. CONCLUSION The use of short fiber-reinforced composite (SFRC) to reline the prefabricated FRC post has been proven to have superior fracture resistance with favorable failure patterns and increased push-out bond strength values compared to standard prefabricated FRC posts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawood Salman Dawood Alshetiwi
- Post-graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nor Aidaniza Abdul Muttlib
- Prosthodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Hatem M El-Damanhoury
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabihah Alawi
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Normastura Abd Rahman
- Dental Public Health Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nesrin Aly Elsahn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
- Dental Research Unit, Center for Global health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Department of Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 12211, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
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Reda SA, Hussein YF, Riad M. The impact of Bis-GMA free and Bis-GMA containing resin composite as posterior restoration on marginal integrity: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:1022. [PMID: 38114979 PMCID: PMC10731870 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been concerns surrounding the utilization of Bis-GMA, a type of bisphenol A (BPA) derivative, within the dental industry. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of bulk fill Bis-GMA-free resin composite class II restorations in respect of its marginal integrity in comparison to bulk fill Bis-GMA-containing resin composite class II restorations over a 12-month period in a parallel clinical trial utilizing a split-mouth, double-blind, randomized strategy. METHODS 20 patients participated in this study. Each patient has received one pair of class II posterior restorations, Bis-GMA-free (Admira fusion x-tra), and Bis-GMA containing (x-tra fil) on each side of the mouth (split-mouth strategy), (n = 40). The restorations' marginal integrity was evaluated based on Ryge's criteria (modified USPHS) at baseline (after 1 week), as well as 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and after 12 months of follow-up by two calibrated examiners. The statistical analyses utilizing the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests, the significance level was adjusted to 0.05. RESULTS Following the 12-month period, all patients attended the recall visits to evaluate the restorations. The Wilcoxon signed-rank and Friedman tests, revealed that both types of bulk fill had 100% of Alpha (A) scores at baseline and after 1 month with no significant statistical differences. After 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, both tested bulk fill restorations showed Bravo (B) score with Bis-GMA free 10% and 5% for Bis-GMA containing with no statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) for clinical marginal integrity parameter in USPHS criteria. CONCLUSIONS Bis-GMA-free resin composites demonstrated satisfactory, marginal integrity compared with Bis-GMA-containing resin composites within 12 months. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol of the current study was registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS gov , with the identification number NCT05480852 on 29/07/2022. All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Egypt, under the approval number 419 on 27/06/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahmed Reda
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Yasser Fathi Hussein
- Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Mona Riad
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, 11 El-Saraya St, Manial, Cairo, 11553, Egypt.
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10
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Junqueira C, Mascarenhas P, Avelar M, Ribeiro AC, Barahona I. Biocompatibility of bulk-fill resins in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:7851-7858. [PMID: 37968357 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of three different extracts obtained from Filtek™ One Bulk Fill, Tetric Evoceram® Bulk Fill and Coltene Fill-Up! resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxicity was determined on 3T3 fibroblast cells using the MTT and crystal violet assays. The genotoxicity was determined using a cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. RESULTS The cytotoxicity of the resin extracts on 3T3 mouse fibroblasts was found to be dose-dependent with both the MTT and crystal violet assays. Extracts concentrated above 1% were cytotoxic according to the MTT assay. The Filtek™ One Bulk Fill, Tetric Evoceram® Bulk Fill, and Coltene Fill-Up! resins reached the LD50 at concentrations of 60%, 50%, and 20%, respectively, and showed genotoxicity rates that were 2-5 times, 3-8 times, and 4-15 times higher than the negative control, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Coltene Fill-Up! resin extracts were the most cytotoxic and genotoxic, followed by Tetric Evoceram® Bulk Fill and Filtek™ One Bulk Fill. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The analyzed bulk-fill resins showed differences in in vitro biocompatibility, and the Filtek™ One Bulk Fill was found to be the safest for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Junqueira
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paulo Mascarenhas
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mariana Avelar
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Clara Ribeiro
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Barahona
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511, Caparica, Portugal.
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11
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Burrer P, Par M, Fürer L, Stübi M, Marovic D, Tarle Z, Attin T, Tauböck TT. Effect of polymerization mode on shrinkage kinetics and degree of conversion of dual-curing bulk-fill resin composites. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:3169-3180. [PMID: 36869923 PMCID: PMC10264464 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the behavior of dual-cure and conventional bulk-fill composite materials on real-time linear shrinkage, shrinkage stress, and degree of conversion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two dual-cure bulk-fill materials (Cention, Ivoclar Vivadent (with ion-releasing properties) and Fill-Up!, Coltene) and two conventional bulk-fill composites (Tetric PowerFill, Ivoclar Vivadent; SDR flow + , Dentsply Sirona) were compared to conventional reference materials (Ceram.x Spectra ST (HV), Dentsply Sirona; X-flow; Dentsply Sirona). Light curing was performed for 20 s, or specimens were left to self-cure only. Linear shrinkage, shrinkage stress, and degree of conversion were measured in real time for 4 h (n = 8 per group), and kinetic parameters were determined for shrinkage stress and degree of conversion. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA followed by post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Pearson's analysis was used for correlating linear shrinkage and shrinkage force. RESULTS Significantly higher linear shrinkage and shrinkage stress were found for the low-viscosity materials compared to the high-viscosity materials. No significant difference in degree of conversion was revealed between the polymerization modes of the dual-cure bulk-fill composite Fill-Up!, but the time to achieve maximum polymerization rate was significantly longer for the self-cure mode. Significant differences in degree of conversion were however found between the polymerization modes of the ion-releasing bulk-fill material Cention, which also exhibited the significantly slowest polymerization rate of all materials when chemically cured. CONCLUSIONS While some of the parameters tested were found to be consistent across all materials studied, heterogeneity increased for others. CLINICAL RELEVANCE With the introduction of new classes of composite materials, predicting the effects of individual parameters on final clinically relevant properties becomes more difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Burrer
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Leo Fürer
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Stübi
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Danijela Marovic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thomas Attin
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias T Tauböck
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Jakupović S, Pervan N, Mešić E, Gavranović-Glamoč A, Bajsman A, Muratović E, Kazazić L, Kantardžić-Kovačević A. Assessment of Microhardness of Conventional and Bulk-Fill Resin Composites Using Different Light-Curing Intensity. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102250. [PMID: 37242825 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study evaluates the effect of a conventional/low-voltage light-curing protocol (LV protocol) (10 s with 1340 mW/cm2) and high-voltage light-curing protocol (HV protocol) (3 s with 3440 mW/cm2) on the microhardness (MH) of dental resin-based composites (RBCs). Five resin composites were tested: conventional Evetric (EVT), Tetric Prime (TP), Tetric Evo Flow (TEF), bulk-fill Tetric Power Fill (PFL), and Tetric Power Flow (PFW). (2) Materials and Methods: Two tested composites (PFW and PFL) were designed for high-intensity light curing. The samples were made in the laboratory in specially designed cylindrical molds; diameter = 6 mm and height = 2 or 4 mm, depending on the type of composite. Initial MH was measured on the top and bottom surfaces of composite specimens 24 h after light curing using a digital microhardness tester (QNESS 60 M EVO, ATM Qness GmbH, Mammelzen, Germany). The correlation between the filler content (wt%, vol%) and the MH of the RBCs was tested. For the calculation of depth-dependent curing effectiveness, the bottom/top ratio for initial MH was used. (3) Conclusions: MH of RBCs is more dependent on material composition than on light-curing protocol. Filler wt% has a greater influence on MH values compared to filler vol%. The bottom/top ratio showed values over 80% for bulk composites, while for conventional sculptable composites, borderline or suboptimal values were measured for both curing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Jakupović
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry with Clinics, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nedim Pervan
- Department of Mechanical Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Elmedin Mešić
- Department of Mechanical Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Alma Gavranović-Glamoč
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry with Clinics, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anita Bajsman
- Department of Dental Morphology with Dental Anthropology and Forensics, Faculty of Dentistry with Clinics, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Enis Muratović
- Department of Mechanical Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lejla Kazazić
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry with Clinics, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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13
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El-Maksoud OA, Hamama HHH, Wafaie RA, El-Wassefy N, Mahmoud SH. Effect of shelf-storage temperature on degree of conversion and microhardness of composite restorative materials. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:57. [PMID: 36721191 PMCID: PMC9890862 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02770-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pre-cure temperature is considered an important parameter that affects the polymerization kinetics and the properties of composite restoration. As dissension exists about the effect of storing composite restorative materials in refrigerator, this study aimed to assess the effect of shelf-storage temperature on degree of conversion (DC) and microhardness of three composite restorative materials with different matrix systems. METHODS Three commercially-available composite restorative materials were used in this study; an Ormocer-based composite (Admira Fusion, Voco GmbH), a nanoceramic composite, (Ceram.X SphereTEC One, Dentsply Sirona GmbH), and a nanohybrid composite (Tetric N-Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent AG). Regarding DC and microhardness tests, 60 disc-shaped composite specimens for each test were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 20) according to the restorative material used. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups (n = 10) according to the composite storage temperature; stored at room temperature or stored in the refrigerator at 4°-5 °C. DC was evaluated using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer coupled to an attenuated total reflectance accessory. Microhardness was evaluated using micro-Vickers hardness tester under a load of 50 g with a dwell time of 10 s. The results were analyzed by ANOVA, post-hoc LSD, and independent t-tests at a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS Regarding DC test all groups showed statistically significant differences at both storage temperature. The Ormocer-based composite had the highest mean values. There was a statistically significant difference between all room-stored groups and their corresponding groups stored at refrigerator (p < 0.05). For microhardness test, all groups exhibited also statistically significant differences at both storage temperatures with the Ormocer-based composite having the highest mean values. A statistically significant difference between both room-stored and refrigerator-stored groups has been observed also (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Refrigeration of resin-composite might have a deleterious effect on DC and microhardness of the tested composite restorative materials with different matrix systems. Moreover, the differences in the formulations of composite matrix have a potential impact on DC and microhardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Abd El-Maksoud
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | | | - Ramy Ahmed Wafaie
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Noha El-Wassefy
- Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Salah Hasab Mahmoud
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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14
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Yılmaz Atalı P, Doğu Kaya B, Manav Özen A, Tarçın B, Şenol AA, Tüter Bayraktar E, Korkut B, Bilgin Göçmen G, Tağtekin D, Türkmen C. Assessment of Micro-Hardness, Degree of Conversion, and Flexural Strength for Single-Shade Universal Resin Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224987. [PMID: 36433113 PMCID: PMC9697557 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-shade universal resin composites (SsURC) are preferred in clinical practice to reduce time for shade selection and obtain good esthetic results. In this study, the static mechanical properties of seven new SsURCs were investigated, their spectral analyzes were performed and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluations were presented. Charisma Diamond One/DO, Admira Fusion x-tra/AFX, Omnichroma/OC, OptiShade/OS, Essentia Universal/EU, Zenchroma/ZC, Vittra APS Unique/VU were used in a three-point bending test to determine flexural strength (FS) and elastic modulus (EM); Vickers micro-hardness (VHN) and hardness-ratio (HR) were performed with a micro-hardness tester from top/bottom after 24-h/15-days of storage in distilled water at 37 °C (±1 °C). The degree of conversion (DC) was assessed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The structure of the resin matrix and filler content were assessed by SEM. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS V23 and the R program and the significance level was taken as p < 0.05. The main effect of the tested SsURCs was found to be statistically significant on FS, EM, VHN, and DC values (p < 0.001). Bis-GMA free SsURCs (AFX, DO, VU) showed better DC and HR except for OC. All seven tested SsURCs conform to the requirements of ISO standards for dental resin composites for all tested categories.
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15
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Steffen T, Par M, Attin T, Tauböck TT. Effect of Fast High-Irradiance Photo-Polymerization of Resin Composites on the Dentin Bond Strength. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7467. [PMID: 36363058 PMCID: PMC9655088 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of conventional (10 s at 1160 mW/cm2) and fast high-irradiance (3 s at 2850 mW/cm2) light curing on the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) of bulk-fill resin composites bonded to human dentin. Sixty-four extracted human molars were ground to dentin and randomly assigned into eight groups (n = 8 per group). After application of a three-step adhesive system (Optibond FL), four different bulk-fill composites (two sculptable and two flowable composites) were placed. Of these, one sculptable (Tetric PowerFill) and one flowable (Tetric PowerFlow) composite were specifically developed for fast high-irradiance light curing. Each composite was polymerized with the conventional or the fast high-irradiance light-curing protocol. The specimens were cut into dentin-composite sticks, μTBS was determined and failure modes were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test for independent observations and one-way ANOVA. A statistical difference between the curing protocols was only found for Tetric PowerFlow, where the conventional protocol (23.8 ± 4.2 MPa) led to significantly higher values than the fast high-irradiance light-curing protocol (18.7 ± 3.7 MPa). All other composite materials showed statistically similar values for both polymerization protocols. In conclusion, the use of fast high-irradiation light curing has no negative influence on the μTBS of the investigated high-viscosity bulk-fill composites. However, it may reduce the dentin bond strength of flowable bulk-fill composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Steffen
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias T. Tauböck
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Khoramian Tusi S, Hamdollahpoor H, Mohammadi Savadroodbari M, Sheikh Fathollahi M. Comparison of polymerization shrinkage of a new bulk-fill flowable composite with other composites: An in vitro study. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:1605-1613. [PMID: 36062844 PMCID: PMC9760135 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since composites still face a critical problem called polymerization shrinkage and bulk-fill composites have reported acceptable results for this issue, this study aims to assess the polymerization shrinkage of a new bulk-fill flowable composite (G-aenial bulk injectable [GBI]) and compare it to other bulk-fill and conventional composites. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro study, 25 composite discs were fabricated using three bulk-fill and two conventional composites. They were bonded to a microscopic slide and were covered by a coverslip. This assembly was transferred to a linear variable differential transformer and composite samples were cured from underneath the slides. Dimensional changes formed in composite samples were recorded. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey's and Dunnett's tests. RESULTS The groups were significantly different regarding polymerization shrinkage. G-aenial bulk injectable and G-aenial universal flo showed significantly higher polymerization shrinkage than other composites at 30, 60, and 1800 s after light irradiation, while X-tra fil and Filtek Z250 showed the lowest polymerization shrinkage at the aforementioned time points. CONCLUSION According to the results, the new composite had polymerization shrinkage similar to the conventional one. Bulk-fill composites reported similar or lower shrinkage to conventional composites.
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17
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Fracture Resistance and Microleakage around Direct Restorations in High C-Factor Cavities. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173463. [PMID: 36080538 PMCID: PMC9460406 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the mechanical impact of different direct restorations in terms of fracture resistance, and subsequent fracture pattern, in occlusal high C-factor cavities. Furthermore, the adaptation of different direct restorations in the form of gap formation was also evaluated. Seventy-two intact mandibular molars were collected and randomly distributed into three groups (n = 24). Class I occlusal cavities with standardized dimensions were prepared in all specimens. After adhesive treatment, the cavities were restored with direct restorations utilizing three different materials. Group 1: layered conventional packable resin composite (Filtek Ultimate), Group 2: bulk-fill resin composite (SDR), Group 3: bulk-fill short fibre-reinforced composite (SFRC; everX Posterior) covered with packable composite occlusally. Half of the restored specimens underwent static load-to fracture testing (n = 12/group), while the rest underwent sectioning and staining for microleakage evaluation and gap formation analysis. Fracture patterns were evaluated visually among the mechanically tested specimens. The layered composite restoration (Group 1) showed significantly lower fracture resistance compared to the bulk fill groups (Group 2, p = 0.005, Group 3, p = 0.008), while there was no difference in fracture resistance between the other groups. In terms of gap formation values, the layered composite restoration (Group 1) produced significantly higher gap formation compared to the bulk-fill groups (Group 2, p = 0.000, Group 3, p = 0.000). Regarding the fracture pattern, SFRC (Group 3) produced the highest number, while SDR (Group 2) produced the lowest number of repairable fractures. The use of bulk-fill resin composite (fibre or non-fibre-reinforced) for occlusal direct restorations in high C-factor cavities showed promising achievements regarding both fracture resistance and microleakage. Furthermore, the use of short fibre-reinforced bulk-fill composite can also improve the fracture pattern of the restoration-tooth unit. Bulk-fill materials provide a simple and effective solution for restoring and reinforcing high C-factor occlusal cavities.
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Hamza B, Zimmerman M, Attin T, Tauböck TT. Marginal integrity of classical and bulk-fill composite restorations in permanent and primary molars. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13670. [PMID: 35953552 PMCID: PMC9372112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulk-fill composites enable timesaving and less technical-sensitive application of restorations. This study investigated and compared the marginal integrity of classical and bulk-fill composite restorations in primary and permanent molars before and after thermo-mechanical loading (TML). Two Class II cavities were prepared in each of 20 primary and 20 permanent molars. The molars were randomised in four groups for each molar type. Groups 1 and 5 were restored with a high-viscous bulk-fill composite (Tetric PowerFill), groups 2 and 6 were restored with a flowable bulk-fill composite (Tetric PowerFlow), groups 3 and 7 were restored with a high-viscous classical composite (Tetric Prime), and groups 4 and 8 were restored with a flowable classical composite (Tetric EvoFlow). In permanent molars, the flowable composites were covered with a 2-mm layer of high-viscous composite (groups 6 and 8). The restorations were subjected to TML in a custom-made chewing machine (5-50 °C, 2 min dwelling time, × 1000; 400 ,000 loading cycles, 1.7 Hz, 49 N), and quantitative marginal analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy. Marginal integrity of each restoration was calculated as a percentage of continuous margins before and after TML. The tested high-viscous bulk-fill restoration showed similarly high marginal integrity in primary and permanent molars as the classical restoration. The tested flowable bulk-fill restoration showed the lowest marginal integrity compared to all other restorations after TML. In contrast to flowable bulk-fill restorations, high-viscous bulk-fill restorations show similar marginal integrity as classical hybrid composite restorations after TML, in both primary and permanent molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blend Hamza
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Marcus Zimmerman
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias T Tauböck
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Marovic D, Par M, Tauböck TT, Haugen HJ, Negovetic Mandic V, Wüthrich D, Burrer P, Zheng K, Attin T, Tarle Z, Boccaccini AR. Impact of Copper-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanospheres on the Polymerisation Kinetics and Shrinkage Stress of Dental Resin Composites. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158195. [PMID: 35897771 PMCID: PMC9332616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We embedded copper-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres (Cu-MBGN) with antibacterial and ion-releasing properties into experimental dental composites and investigated the effect of Cu-MBGN on the polymerisation properties. We prepared seven composites with a BisGMA/TEGDMA (60/40) matrix and 65 wt.% total filler content, added Cu-MBGN or a combination of Cu-MBGN and silanised silica to the silanised barium glass base, and examined nine parameters: light transmittance, degree of conversion (DC), maximum polymerisation rate (Rmax), time to reach Rmax, linear shrinkage, shrinkage stress (PSS), maximum PSS rate, time to reach maximum PSS rate, and depth of cure. Cu-MBGN without silica accelerated polymerisation, reduced light transmission, and had the highest DC (58.8 ± 0.9%) and Rmax (9.8 ± 0.2%/s), but lower shrinkage (3 ± 0.05%) and similar PSS (0.89 ± 0.07 MPa) versus the inert reference (0.83 ± 0.13 MPa). Combined Cu-MBGN and silica slowed the Rmax and achieved a similar DC but resulted in higher shrinkage. However, using a combined 5 wt.% Cu-MBGN and silica, the PSS resembled that of the inert reference. The synergistic action of 5 wt.% Cu-MBGN and silanised silica in combination with silanised barium glass resulted in a material with the highest likelihood for dental applications in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Marovic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.N.M.); (Z.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (M.P.); Tel.: +385-14899203 (D.M. & M.P.)
| | - Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.N.M.); (Z.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (M.P.); Tel.: +385-14899203 (D.M. & M.P.)
| | - Tobias T. Tauböck
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (T.T.T.); (D.W.); (P.B.); (T.A.)
| | - Håvard J. Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Visnja Negovetic Mandic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.N.M.); (Z.T.)
| | - Damian Wüthrich
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (T.T.T.); (D.W.); (P.B.); (T.A.)
| | - Phoebe Burrer
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (T.T.T.); (D.W.); (P.B.); (T.A.)
| | - Kai Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Thomas Attin
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (T.T.T.); (D.W.); (P.B.); (T.A.)
| | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.N.M.); (Z.T.)
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
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Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Bioactive, Ormocer, and Conventional GIC Restorative Materials in Primary Molars: An In Vitro Study Microleakage of Three Restorative Materials. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:7932930. [PMID: 35310459 PMCID: PMC8933070 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7932930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the microleakage of bioactive, ormocer, and conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorative materials in primary molars. In this study, class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of 75 noncarious extracted primary molars. The teeth were then restored as per the groups assigned. Group A, group B, and group C used bioactive restorative materials, ormocer restorative materials, and conventional GIC restorative materials for restorations, respectively. The teeth were then thermocycled and subjected to microleakage analysis via dye penetration. The microleakage scores were compared for differences using the Kruskal–Wallis test. This was followed by multiple pairwise comparisons using the Dunn test. All testing was carried out using a ‘p’ value of <0.05. The percentage of samples showing microleakage score 0 depicting no dye penetration was highest for group A (56%) followed by group C (44%) and group B (12%). Statistical analysis revealed highest microleakage with group B, which was statistically significant (
< 0.05). Microleakage was evident in all the materials tested. The lowest microleakage was seen with bioactive restorative material.
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da Costa Vieira LCG, Campos AR, Senna PM, Reis Perez CD. X-ray microtomography analysis of gaps and voids in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions with different composite resins. Indian J Dent Res 2022; 33:85-89. [PMID: 35946251 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_770_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context (Background) Resin composites are the most widely used material for restoring cervical defects. However, the high failure rate of these restorations is still a concern. Aims The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate, using microtomography (μCT), the interfacial gap and voids formation in Class V cavities in premolars restored with materials with lower polymerization shrinkage combined with different restorative techniques. Settings and Design Cervical defects were created in 30 intact premolar and were randomly distributed to be restored by one of the following techniques (n = 6): Composite resin with two increments (CR), organic modified polymer (ORMOCER) with single (OR1) or two increments (OR2, or low viscosity bulk-fill composite resin with single (BF1) or two increments (BF2). Methods and Material Each tooth was scanned before filling to determine the volume of interest (VOI) to be applied in the second μCT after restoration and to control the cavity volume among the groups. In the μCT after filling, the volume of interfacial gaps and voids was calculated for each group. Statistical Analysis The groups were compared using one-way and Tukey HSD post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results It was possible to identify higher gap formation in the OR1 group and higher void formation in CR group (P < 0.05). OR2 group showed better results than the group with one increment. BF2 showed the best filling capacity. Conclusions It was possible to conclude that the material and the number of increments directly influenced the internal adaptation and voids formation of Class V restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriano Rocha Campos
- Department of Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Plinio Mendes Senna
- Department of Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cesar Dos Reis Perez
- Department of Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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22
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Priyadarshini B, Taufin N, Shankarappa P, Ballullaya S, Devalla S, Gavini S. Eighteen-month clinical performance of preheated nanoceramic resin-based composites in Class I occlusal cavities: A randomized clinical trial. J Conserv Dent 2022; 25:47-53. [PMID: 35722081 PMCID: PMC9200182 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_492_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of preheated nanoceramic resin-based composite (RBC) (Ceram-X-Mono) placed in Class I occlusal cavities over a period of 18 months. Settings and Design: This study involves split-mouth design, randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) Materials and Methods: One operator restored 60 Class I occlusal cavities in 24 patients. Preheating of nanoceramic RBC to 60°C for 10 min was performed before insertion of the material into 30 prepared cavities, whereas 30 restorations in the nonpreheated group were placed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Two observers evaluated the restorations using Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) criteria at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months. Statistical Analysis: Kappa index, Friedman and Wilcoxon matched pair test, and Krushal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: 100% retention rates were seen in both the groups. In nonpreheated group, significant difference was observed for surface staining (P = 0.0001), color stability (P = 0.0277), anatomic form (P = 0.0431), and marginal adaptation (P = 0.0051), whereas in preheated group, significant increase in surface staining (P = 0.0051) was recorded. There was a statistically significant difference observed between the preheated and nonpreheated groups at different time periods for the tested clinical parameters. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this RCT of 18 months, preheated nanoceramic RBC restorations showed better clinical performance compared to nonpreheated group.
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Santin DC, Velo MMDAC, Camim FDS, Brondino NCM, Honório HM, Mondelli RFL. Effect of thickness on shrinkage stress and bottom-to-top hardness ratio of conventional and bulk-fill composites. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12825. [PMID: 34865270 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of the material thickness on shrinkage stress and bottom-to-top hardness ratio of conventional and bulk-fill composites. Six commercial composites were selected based on their different technologies: Two conventional (C1, C2), two high-viscosity bulk-fill (HVB1, HVB2), and two low-viscosity bulk-fill (LVB1, LVB2). Shrinkage stress was analyzed for five specimens with 2 mm thickness (C-factor 0.75 and volume 24 mm3 ) and five specimens with 4 mm thickness (C-factor 0.375 and volume 48 mm3 ) for 300 s in a universal testing machine. Bottom-to-top hardness ratio values were obtained from Knoop microhardness measurements in specimens with 2- and 4-mm thickness (n = 5). Thickness increase resulted in significantly higher shrinkage stress for all materials with the exception of HVB2 and LVB1. C1, C2, HVB2, and LVB1 showed lower bottom-to-top hardness ratios at 4 mm than at 2 mm. Only LVB2 presented a bottom-to-top hardness ratio lower than 80% at 2 mm, while HVB1 surpassed this threshold at 4 mm of depth. The results suggest that the increase of composite thickness affected the shrinkage stress values. Also, thickness increase resulted in lower bottom-to-top hardness ratio. HVB1 showed better behavior than other bulk-fill materials, with low stress and adequate bottom-to-top hardness ratio at 4 mm thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Cristo Santin
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Francielly da Silva Camim
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Heitor Marques Honório
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Francisco Lia Mondelli
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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24
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Polymerization shrinkage and shrinkage stress of bulk-fill and non-bulk-fill resin-based composites. J Dent Sci 2021; 17:1212-1216. [PMID: 35784133 PMCID: PMC9237169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Oltramare RS, Odermatt R, Burrer P, Attin T, Tauböck TT. Depth-Related Curing Potential of Ormocer- and Dimethacrylate-Based Bulk-Fill Composites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226753. [PMID: 34832155 PMCID: PMC8620989 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the degree of C=C double bond conversion of high-viscosity dimethacrylate- or ormocer-based bulk-fill composites as a function of measurement depth. Four bulk-fill composites (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, x-tra fil, SonicFill, and Bulk Ormocer) and the conventional nanohybrid composite Tetric EvoCeram were applied in standardized Class II cavities (n = 6 per group) and photoactivated for 20 s at 1350 mW/cm2. The degree of conversion of the composites was assessed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy at seven measurement depths (0.15, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 mm). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). The investigated bulk-fill composites showed at least 80% of their maximum degree of conversion (80% DCmax) up to a measuring depth of at least 4 mm. Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill and Bulk Ormocer achieved more than 80% DCmax up to a measuring depth of 5 mm, x-tra fil up to 6 mm. The conventional nanohybrid composite Tetric EvoCeram achieved more than 80% DCmax up to 3 mm. In contrast to the conventional composite, the investigated ormocer- and dimethacrylate-based bulk-fill composites can be photo-polymerized in thick layers of up to at least 4 mm with regard to their degree of C=C double bond conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona S. Oltramare
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.B.); (T.A.); (T.T.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-634-33-63
| | - Reto Odermatt
- Department of Pediatric Oral Health and Orthodontics, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Phoebe Burrer
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.B.); (T.A.); (T.T.T.)
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.B.); (T.A.); (T.T.T.)
| | - Tobias T. Tauböck
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.B.); (T.A.); (T.T.T.)
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Leyton BS, Rached RN, Ignácio SA, Souza EM. Fracture strength of extended class I composite restorations with different restorative techniques. Odontology 2021; 110:269-277. [PMID: 34519962 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the fracture strength of extended Class I restorations with different restorative techniques using nanofilled and nanohybrid composites. Sixty extracted human third molars were prepared with extended Class I cavities and divided into six groups: groups FS-F (Filtek bulk-fill Flow + Filtek Supreme Ultra, 3 M) and GR-F (X-tra base + GrandioSO, VOCO), restored with a flowable bulk-fill composite as a base covered by a nanofilled or nanohybrid composite; groups FB (Filtek One Bulk-Fill, 3 M) and AF (Admira Fusion X-tra, VOCO), restored with a bulk-fill resin composite; and groups FS (Filtek Supreme Ultra, 3 M) and GR (GrandioSO, VOCO), restored incrementally with a nanofilled or nanohybrid composite. Sound extracted teeth (n = 10) were used as a control group (CTL). The specimens were axially loaded until failure. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Games Howell test (α = 0.05). Groups CTL and GR-F demonstrated significantly higher mean fracture strength when compared to FS, AF, and GR (p < 0.05). Group AF obtained more repairable fractures than the other groups. Restorations made with a nanofilled bulk-fill composite or with conventional resin composites associated with a flowable bulk-fill base were able to reestablish the fracture strength to that of sound teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda S Leyton
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo N Rached
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Sergio A Ignácio
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Evelise M Souza
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil.
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Khan AS. Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration on Structural and Physical Properties of Resin-Based Dental Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132054. [PMID: 34201660 PMCID: PMC8271844 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of ultrasonic heat before photo-polymerization on the structural and physical properties of dental composites. Commercially available bulk-fill, nano-hybrid, micro-hybrid, and flowable composites were used. The samples were divided into three groups i.e., (i) without ultrasonic activation, (ii) ultrasonic activation at 15 Hz for 30 s, and (iii) ultrasonic activation at 15 Hz for 60 s. The degree of conversion percentage (DC%) and structural changes were evaluated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The presence of voids in restored tooth cavities were investigated with micro-computed tomography. The statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) post hoc Tukey’s test. The DC% was significantly increased with ultrasonic application in all groups except for flowable composites, whereby flowable composite showed a significant increase with 30 s ultrasonic activation only. The highest DC% was observed in 60 s ultrasonically activated nano-hybrid and micro-hybrid composites. The voids were reduced linearly with ultrasonic application in flowable and bulk-fill composites; however, non-linear behavior was observed with micro-hybrid and nano-hybrid composites, whereby the difference was significant within the groups. The frequency and time of the ultrasonic application is an important factor to consider and can be used to preheat composites before clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Par M, Spanovic N, Marovic D, Attin T, Tarle Z, Tauböck TT. Rapid high-intensity light-curing of bulk-fill composites: A quantitative analysis of marginal integrity. J Dent 2021; 111:103708. [PMID: 34077801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of rapid high-intensity light-curing on the marginal integrity of four bulk-fill composites, including two materials specifically designed for high-intensity curing. METHODS Class V cavities were prepared on buccal surfaces of intact human molars with simulated pulpal pressure, filled in a single increment and light-cured using a conventional (10 s @ 1,340 mW/cm2) or high-intensity (3 s @ 3,440 mW/cm2) protocol. The restorations were subjected to thermo-mechanical loading (TML) comprising 1,200,000 mechanical loading cycles and 3,000 thermocycles. Quantitative margin analysis was performed before and after TML using a scanning electron microscope, and the marginal integrity was expressed as percentage of continuous margin (PCM). RESULTS All PCM values measured before TML were statistically similar regardless of the material and curing protocol (p>0.05). A statistically significant effect of the curing protocol (p = 0.021) was identified only after TML for one material. PCM was significantly diminished by TML (p<0.001) for most combinations of material and curing protocol. The PCM values of the sculptable composites after TML were statistically similar regardless of the curing protocol (p>0.05). Compared to these values, significantly lower PCM after TML was identified for the flowable composites cured with the high-intensity protocol (p = 0.001-0.045). CONCLUSION In most cases, high-intensity and conventional curing generally led to similar marginal integrity. Although all of the investigated composites initially performed similarly well, the flowable composites light-cured using the high-intensity protocol showed a significantly inferior marginal integrity compared to the sculptable composites after loading. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Rapid high-intensity light-curing cannot be recommended for flowable bulk-fill composites since it may compromise the tooth-restoration interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Danijela Marovic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Thomas Attin
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tobias T Tauböck
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Modena RA, Sinhoreti MAC, Palin W, Cavalcante LM, Schneider LF. Light and viscosity effects on the curing potential of bulk-fill composites placed in deep cavities. Odontology 2021; 109:874-883. [PMID: 34023954 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To determine the influence of light curing units (LCUs) and material viscosity on the degree of conversion (DC) of bulk-fill (BF) resin-based composites (RBCs) placed in deep cavity preparations. Four LCUs were tested: Valo cordless, Bluephase-G2, Poly wireless and Radii-cal. Light irradiance was determined at 0 mm and 6 mm distance to the reading sensor. The following RBCs were considered: Filtek BF, Filtek BF Flow, Opus BF, Opus BF Flow, Tetric N-Ceram BF and Surefil SDR Flow. Sirius-Z was used with the incremental technique. DC (n = 3) was evaluated by spectroscopy both at top and bottom regions of deep preparations with 6 mm depth. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Pearson's correlation (95%) was used to verify the relation between the LCUs and the curing potential of RBCs. The DC at 6 mm depth was reduced when Opus BF, Opus BF Flow and Tetric N-Ceram BF were activated with Radii-cal. There was a positive correlation between the LCU irradiance and the bottom/top conversion ratios. The materials' viscosities did not affect the curing potential. Bulk-fill composites did not present higher curing potential than the conventional composite used with the incremental technique; the most important aspect of the LCU was the irradiance ratio; and the materials' viscosity did not affect the curing potential as a function of depth. Radii-cal negatively impacted the degree of conversion at 6 mm depth for most bulk-fill resin composites. Depending on the brand, bulk-fill composites may present reduced curing potential due to the light source when placed in deep cavities. Dentists should avoid LCU with acrylic tips to photoactivate bulk-fill resin-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, UNICAMP-Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - William Palin
- Biomaterials Unit, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Luis Felipe Schneider
- School of Dentistry, UFF-Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil. .,Nucleus for Dental Biomaterials Research, Veiga de Almeida University, Praça da Bandeira 149, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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de Mendonça BC, Soto-Montero JR, de Castro EF, Pecorari VGA, Rueggeberg FA, Giannini M. Flexural strength and microhardness of bulk-fill restorative materials. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 33:628-635. [PMID: 33675162 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bulk-fill materials can facilitate the restorative procedure mainly for deep and wide posterior cavities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate flexural strength (biaxial flexural strength [BFS]) and microhardness (Knoop microhardness [KHN]) at different depths of bulk-fill materials. METHODS Five bulk-fill materials were tested: two light-curable composite resins, one dual-cure composite, one bioactive restorative, and a high-viscosity glass ionomer. A conventional composite was used as control. BFS and KHN were tested at different depths. Data was analyzed by two- and one-way ANOVAs, respectively and Tukey's post-hoc (α=0.05). RESULTS The high-viscosity glass ionomer material presented the lowest BFS at all depths. KHN for the two light-curable and the dual-cure bulk-fill resin composites was reduced following an increase in restoration depth, while the conventional composite, the bioactive material, and the high-viscosity glass ionomer were not affected. CONCLUSION There are differences in the properties of the tested materials at 4 mm depth, showing that the studied properties of some materials vary according to the cavity depth, although the results are material dependent. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Mechanical properties of light-cured, bulk-fill materials may be affected by inadequate polymerization. Clinicians should consider complementary strategies to achieve adequate polymerization at high-increment depths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Rodrigo Soto-Montero
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, School of Dentistry, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Frederick Allen Rueggeberg
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Impact of Different Etching Strategies on Margin Integrity of Conservative Composite Restorations in Demineralized Enamel. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13204500. [PMID: 33050594 PMCID: PMC7600983 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Good margin integrity with a tight seal of the adhesive interface is considered one of the key factors for the clinical success of composite restorations. This study investigated the effect of enamel etching with phosphoric acid on the margin integrity of self-etch bonded composite restorations in demineralized enamel. Crowns of bovine incisors were assigned into 14 groups (n = 10 per group) of which ten groups (groups 1–5 and 8–12) were demineralized (21 days, acid buffer, pH 4.95) to create artificial carious lesions. Standardized Class V cavities were prepared in all specimens. Demineralized groups were either etched with phosphoric acid for 10, 30, 60, or 120 s (groups 2–5 and 9–12), or no etching was performed (groups 1 and 8). The non-demineralized (sound) groups were etched for 10 s (groups 7 and 14) or remained non-etched (groups 6 and 13). Resin composite restorations were then placed using either a one-step (iBond Self Etch, groups 1–7) or two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond, groups 8–14). Margin integrity of the restorations was assessed after thermocycling (5000×, 5–55 °C) using scanning electron microscopy, and the percentage of continuous margins (%CM) was statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). Phosphoric acid etching significantly increased %CM in both demineralized and sound enamel. For iBond Self Etch, a significant increase in %CM in demineralized enamel was observed with increased etching times. All etched groups treated with Clearfil SE Bond and those etched for 60 or 120 s and treated with iBond Self Etch showed similar %CM in demineralized enamel as in etched sound enamel, and significantly higher %CM than in non-etched sound enamel. In conclusion, enamel etching with phosphoric acid improves margin integrity of composite restorations in demineralized enamel when bonded with the examined adhesives.
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Par M, Marovic D, Attin T, Tarle Z, Tauböck TT. Effect of rapid high-intensity light-curing on polymerization shrinkage properties of conventional and bulk-fill composites. J Dent 2020; 101:103448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Par M, Mohn D, Attin T, Tarle Z, Tauböck TT. Polymerization shrinkage behaviour of resin composites functionalized with unsilanized bioactive glass fillers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15237. [PMID: 32943711 PMCID: PMC7499205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work has shown that partial replacement of reinforcing fillers with unsilanized silica particles can diminish polymerization shrinkage stress of dental resin composites. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether such an effect can be attained by using unsilanized bioactive glass (BG). Incorporating BG fillers into resin composites is interesting due to their potential for exerting caries-preventive effects. Experimental light-curable composites with a total filler load of 77 wt% were prepared. Reinforcing fillers were partially replaced with 0-60 wt% of BG 45S5 and an experimental low-sodium fluoride-containing BG. The following properties were investigated: linear shrinkage, degree of conversion, shrinkage stress, maximum shrinkage stress rate, and time to achieve maximum shrinkage stress rate. The diminishing effect of BG 45S5 on shrinkage stress was mediated by a decrease in degree of conversion caused by this BG type. In contrast, as the degree of conversion remained unaffected by the experimental BG, the resulting shrinkage behaviour was governed by the effect of varying amounts of silanized and unsilanized fillers on material's viscoelastic properties. The replacement of silanized reinforcing fillers with unsilanized BG did not reduce polymerization shrinkage stress unless the reduction was attained indirectly through a diminished degree of conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Par
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Dirk Mohn
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tobias T Tauböck
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, Switzerland
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Buelvas DDA, Besegato JF, Vicentin BLS, Jussiani EI, Hoeppner MG, Andrello AC, Di Mauro E. Impact of light-cure protocols on the porosity and shrinkage of commercial bulk fill dental resin composites with different flowability. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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JÄger F, Mohn D, Attin T, TaubÖck TT. Polymerization and shrinkage stress formation of experimental resin composites doped with nano- vs. micron-sized bioactive glasses. Dent Mater J 2020; 40:110-115. [PMID: 32863377 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of adding bioactive glass 45S5 (BG) of different particle sizes to dental composite on resin polymerization and shrinkage stress formation. Commercial flowable composite was mixed with either 15 wt% BG fillers (nanometric, micrometric, or hybrid BG) or inert barium glass. Real-time linear polymerization shrinkage and shrinkage stress were recorded, and the degree of conversion was measured using FTIR spectroscopy. The commercial (unmodified) composite developed significantly higher linear shrinkage and shrinkage stress than the groups with 15 wt% added inert or BG fillers. After adding inert barium glass, the composite showed significantly higher linear shrinkage than when micrometric BG was added. The addition of bioactive or inert glass fillers did not affect the degree of conversion. Shrinkage stress can be reduced by adding inert or bioactive fillers (nano- and/or microparticulate BG) without affecting monomer conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska JÄger
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich
| | - Dirk Mohn
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich.,Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich
| | - Thomas Attin
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich
| | - Tobias T TaubÖck
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich
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36
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Paganini A, Attin T, Tauböck TT. Margin Integrity of Bulk-Fill Composite Restorations in Primary Teeth. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13173802. [PMID: 32872141 PMCID: PMC7504429 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This in vitro study examined the margin integrity of sculptable and flowable bulk-fill resin composites in Class II cavities of primary molars. Standardized Class II cavities were prepared in human primary molars and restored with the following resin composite materials after application of a universal adhesive: a sculptable bulk-fill composite (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TEC) or Admira Fusion x-tra (AFX)), a flowable bulk-fill composite (Venus Bulk Fill (VBF) or SDR), or a conventional composite (Filtek Supreme XTE (FS)). The bulk-fill materials were applied in 4 mm layers, while the conventional composite was applied in either 2 mm (FS2, positive control) or 4 mm layers (FS4, negative control). The specimens were exposed to thermo-mechanical loading (TML) in a computer-controlled masticator. A quantitative margin analysis was performed both before and after TML using scanning electron microscopy, and the percentage of continuous margins (margin integrity) was statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). All composites showed a significant decline in margin integrity after TML. AFX exhibited the significantly highest margin integrity of all materials after TML (97.5 ± 2.3%), followed by FS2 (79.2 ± 10.8%), TEC (73.0 ± 9.1%), and FS4 (71.3 ± 14.6%). SDR (43.6 ± 22.3%) and VBF (25.0 ± 8.5%) revealed the lowest margin integrity. In conclusion, the tested sculptable bulk-fill materials show similar or better margin integrity in primary molars than the conventional resin composite placed in 2 mm increments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Paganini
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Thomas Attin
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Tobias T. Tauböck
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-634-32-84
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Roulet JF, Gummadi S, Hussein HS, Abdulhameed N, Shen C. In vitro wear of dual-cured bulkfill composites and flowable bulkfill composites. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 32:512-520. [PMID: 32602646 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to test the wear of dual-cured bulkfill and flowable bulkfill composites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six dual-cured bulkfill composites, Cention, Cention-Exp, Activa, Fill-up, Hyperfil Injectafill, and two flowable bulkfill composites Tetric Evoflow BulkFill and G-aenial Universal Flo were tested in this study (n = 8). Each composite was applied into an aluminum sample holder and cured with a Valo Grand (1230 mW/cm2 ) or self-cured according to manufacturer's recommendations, and stored in water for 3 weeks. The samples were subjected to 120 000 load cycles of 49 N (CS-4) against spherical steatite antagonists and simultaneously subjected to 4440 thermocycles (5°C-55°C). At intervals between load cycles, polyvinyl siloxane impressions were taken and scanned with a True Definition Laser Scanner. The volumetric wear was calculated using image software (Geomagic). Microscopic images of selected wear facets and their corresponding worn antagonists were obtained using SEM. All data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test for multiple comparison (α = .05; β = .2). RESULTS The load cycles volumetric wear-increase was linear. Two-way ANOVA showed significant main effects (material and light-cured) and significant interactions. Self-cured materials (mean = 0.38 mm3 ) showed more wear than light-cured materials (mean = 0.35mm3 ). CONCLUSIONS The bioactive materials except Activa light-cured showed significantly more wear than the flowable composites. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrated that most of the dual-cured composites, if light-cured, showed the same wear as the flowable composites used as control. Therefore, to obtain adequate wear resistance the dual-cured composites should be routinely light-cured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Roulet
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Snigdha Gummadi
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hind S Hussein
- LECOM School of Dental Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | | | - Chiayi Shen
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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The effect of rapid high-intensity light-curing on micromechanical properties of bulk-fill and conventional resin composites. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10560. [PMID: 32601442 PMCID: PMC7324583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid high-intensity light-curing of dental resin composites is attractive from a clinical standpoint due to the prospect of time-savings. This study compared the effect of high-intensity (3 s with 3,440 mW/cm2) and conventional (10 s with 1,340 mW/cm2) light-curing on micromechanical properties of conventional and bulk-fill resin composites, including two composites specifically designed for high-intensity curing. Composite specimens were prepared in clinically realistic layer thicknesses. Microhardness (MH) was measured on the top and bottom surfaces of composite specimens 24 h after light-curing (initial MH), and after subsequent immersion for 24 h in absolute ethanol (ethanol MH). Bottom/top ratio for initial MH was calculated as a measure of depth-dependent curing effectiveness, whereas ethanol/initial MH ratio was calculated as a measure of crosslinking density. High-intensity light-curing showed a complex material-dependent effect on micromechanical properties. Most of the sculptable composites showed no effect of the curing protocol on initial MH, whereas flowable composites showed 11–48% lower initial MH for high-intensity curing. Ethanol/initial MH ratios were improved by high-intensity curing in flowable composites (up to 30%) but diminished in sculptable composites (up to 15%). Due to its mixed effect on MH and crosslinking density in flowable composites, high-intensity curing should be used with caution in clinical work.
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Xu T, Li X, Wang H, Zheng G, Yu G, Wang H, Zhu S. Polymerization shrinkage kinetics and degree of conversion of resin composites. J Oral Sci 2020; 62:275-280. [PMID: 32493864 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.19-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This study compared shrinkage strain, polymerization shrinkage kinetics, and degree of conversion (DC) of a set of resin composites and investigated their influencing factors. Ten commercial resin composites were assessed, and 5 specimens (n = 5) were developed for material and subjected to light curing using light emitting diode light at 650 mW/cm2 for 40 s. The laser triangulation method was adopted to assess the shrinkage strain, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to measure DC. The shrinkage strain was monitored for 5 min in real time and its data were subjected to differential calculations to get the shrinkage strain rate curve with respect to time, obtaining the maximum shrinkage strain rate (Rmax) and gel time. The values of shrinkage strain varied from 1.28% to 2.10%. The Rmax values were between 5.17 μm/s and 21.83 μm/s. Gel time values varied from 3.08 s to 4.32 s. The DC yielded values ranging from 53.62% to 87.01%. The values of polymerization shrinkage and DC were dependent on the composition of materials, including the monomer matrix and filler system. Compared to the micro-filler materials, the nano-filler resin composites had higher values of DC. Some resin composites are suitable for clinical applications because of their superior polymerization shrinkage properties and DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Dental Materials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University
| | - Gaigai Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| | - Song Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
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Michelotti G, Niedzwiecki M, Bidjan D, Dieckmann P, Deari S, Attin T, Tauböck TT. Silane Effect of Universal Adhesive on the Composite-Composite Repair Bond Strength after Different Surface Pretreatments. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E950. [PMID: 32325811 PMCID: PMC7240492 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of a separate silanization step on the repair bond strength of composite substrates using a universal adhesive after various mechanical surface treatments. Composite specimens were aged and exposed to the following mechanical roughening treatments: diamond bur abrasion, aluminum oxide sandblasting, or silica coating. The specimens were then either left untreated or conditioned with universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal), or a silane coupling agent was applied before the use of the universal adhesive or a conventional adhesive (Optibond FL). The conditioned surfaces and fresh substrate (positive control group) were covered with repair composite, and microtensile bond strength testing was performed. The significantly highest bond strength was obtained in the positive control group. Repair bond strength of the universal adhesive applied after a separate silanization step was similar to that without prior silanization, independent of the mechanical surface treatment. Moreover, after silica coating, no significant differences in the repair bond strength were detected among the different adhesive treatments. In conclusion, a separate silanization step before surface conditioning with the universal adhesive does not enhance the repair bond strength. On silica-coated composite substrates, repair bond strength values of the universal adhesive were similar to those of the conventional adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioia Michelotti
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.N.); (D.B.); (P.D.); (S.D.); (T.A.); (T.T.T.)
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A New Customized Bioactive Glass Filler to Functionalize Resin Composites: Acid-Neutralizing Capability, Degree of Conversion, and Apatite Precipitation. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041173. [PMID: 32325886 PMCID: PMC7230164 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study introduced an experimental bioactive glass (BG) with a lower Na2O content than conventional BG 45S5 (10.5 wt% vs. 24.5 wt%), additionally containing CaF2 (12 wt%) and a network connectivity similar to that of BG 45S5. A series of experimental composites functionalized with 5-40 wt% of the novel BG was prepared and compared to a corresponding series of experimental composites functionalized with 5-40 wt% of BG 45S5. Commercial acidneutralizing materials (alkasite, giomer, and glass ionomer) were used as references. The capabilities of the materials to neutralize hydrochloric acid (pH = 2.6) and lactic acid (pH = 4.5) were evaluated by real-time pH measurements over 1 h. The degree of conversion and precipitation of calcium phosphate were also investigated. Data were analyzed using one-way and Welch ANOVA at an overall level of significance of 0.05. The acid-neutralizing potential of the experimental BG incorporated into resin composites was generally comparable to that of BG 45S5, and better than that of a giomer and glass ionomer. Fluorine was identified in the precipitate that developed on the composites functionalized with the experimental BG, suggesting a capability of forming fluorapatite. Unlike the 45S5 composition, the experimental BG did not impair the degree of conversion of resin composites. The novel BG filler is therefore an interesting candidate for future investigations of caries-preventive resin composites, and their potential clinical applicability for restorative, preventive, and orthodontic purposes.
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42
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Yao S, Li T, Zhou C, Weir MD, Melo MAS, Tay FR, Lynch CD, Imazato S, Wu J, Xu HH. Novel antibacterial and therapeutic dental polymeric composites with the capability to self-heal cracks and regain mechanical properties. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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43
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Odermatt R, Par M, Mohn D, Wiedemeier DB, Attin T, Tauböck TT. Bioactivity and Physico-Chemical Properties of Dental Composites Functionalized with Nano- vs. Micro-Sized Bioactive Glass. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E772. [PMID: 32178372 PMCID: PMC7141313 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive resin composites can contribute to the prevention of secondary caries, which is one of the main reasons for failure of contemporary dental restorations. This study investigated the effect of particle size of bioactive glass 45S5 on chemical and physical composite properties. Four experimental composites were prepared by admixing the following fillers into a commercial flowable composite: (1) 15 wt% of micro-sized bioactive glass, (2) 15 wt% of nano-sized bioactive glass, (3) a combination of micro- (7.5 wt%) and nano-sized (7.5 wt%) bioactive glass, and (4) 15 wt% of micro-sized inert barium glass. Hydroxyapatite precipitation and pH rise in phosphate-buffered saline were evaluated during 28 days. Degree of conversion and Knoop microhardness were measured 24 h after specimen preparation and after 28 days of phosphate-buffered saline immersion. Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistics (Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests) at an overall level of significance of 5%. Downsizing the bioactive glass particles from micro- to nano-size considerably improved their capability to increase pH. The effect of nano-sized bioactive glass on degree of conversion and Knoop microhardness was similar to that of micro-sized bioactive glass. Composites containing nano-sized bioactive glass formed a more uniform hydroxyapatite layer after phosphate-buffered saline immersion than composites containing exclusively micro-sized particles. Partial replacement of nano- by micro-sized bioactive glass in the hybrid composite did not impair its reactivity, degree of conversion (p > 0.05), and Knoop microhardness (p > 0.05). It is concluded that downsizing bioactive glass particles to nano-size improves the alkalizing potential of experimental composites with no negative effects on their fundamental properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto Odermatt
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matej Par
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dirk Mohn
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel B. Wiedemeier
- Statistical Services, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias T. Tauböck
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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Francisconi-Dos-Rios LF, Tavares JAO, Oliveira L, Moreira JC, Nahsan FPS. Functional and aesthetic rehabilitation in posterior tooth with bulk-fill resin composite and occlusal matrix. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e9. [PMID: 32110538 PMCID: PMC7030967 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The restorative procedure in posterior teeth involves clinical steps related to professional skill, especially when using the incremental technique, which may fail in the long term. A recent alternative is bulk-fill resins, which can reduce polymerization shrinkage, decreasing clinical problems such as marginal leakage, secondary caries, and fracture. This scientific study aims to report a clinical case using bulk-fill resin with an occlusal matrix. As determined in the treatment plan, an acrylic resin matrix was produced to establish an improved oral and aesthetic rehabilitation of the right mandibular first molar, which presented a carious lesion with dentin involvement. The occlusal matrix is a simple technique that maintains the original dental anatomy, showing satisfactory results regarding function and aesthetic rehabilitation.
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45
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Dieckmann P, Mohn D, Zehnder M, Attin T, Tauböck TT. Light Transmittance and Polymerization of Bulk-Fill Composite Materials Doped with Bioactive Micro-Fillers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E4087. [PMID: 31817830 PMCID: PMC6947388 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of bioactive micro-fillers on the light transmittance and polymerization of three commercially available bulk-fill resin composites. These were mixed with 20 wt% bioactive glass 45S5, Portland cement, inert dental barium glass, or nothing (controls). Composites were photo-activated and light transmittance through 4 mm thick specimens was measured in real time. Moreover, degree of conversion (DC) and Knoop hardness (KHN) were assessed. Light transmittance of all bulk-fill composites significantly decreased (p < 0.05) with addition of 20 wt% bioactive glass 45S5 but not when inert barium glass was added. For bulk-fill composites modified with Portland cement, light irradiance dropped below the detection limit at 4 mm depth. The DC at the top surface of the specimens was not affected by addition of bioactive or inert micro-fillers. The bottom-to-top ratio of both DC and KHN surpassed 80% for bulk-fill composites modified with 20 wt% bioactive or inert glass fillers but fell below 20% when the composites were modified with Portland cement. In contrast to Portland cement, the addition of 20 wt% bioactive glass maintains adequate polymerization of bulk-fill composites placed at 4 mm thickness, despite a decrease in light transmittance compared to the unmodified materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Dieckmann
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.D.); (D.M.); (M.Z.); (T.A.)
| | - Dirk Mohn
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.D.); (D.M.); (M.Z.); (T.A.)
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Zehnder
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.D.); (D.M.); (M.Z.); (T.A.)
| | - Thomas Attin
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.D.); (D.M.); (M.Z.); (T.A.)
| | - Tobias T. Tauböck
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.D.); (D.M.); (M.Z.); (T.A.)
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Wang R, Wang Y. Depth-dependence of Degree of Conversion and Microhardness for Dual-cure and Light-cure Composites. Oper Dent 2019; 45:396-406. [DOI: 10.2341/19-074-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Relevance
New dual-cure bulk-fill composites show promise for uniform degree of conversion and microhardness throughout the entire depth of direct restorations.
SUMMARY
Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) through micro-Raman spectroscopy and surface microhardness in Vickers hardness (VHN) of three new dual-cure bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs) compared with light-cure bulk-fill and incremental RBCs at two clinically relevant depths and for two light irradiation times.
Methods:
Three commercially available restorative dual-cure bulk-fill RBCs (BulkEZ, HyperFIL, and Injectafil) were evaluated and compared with three light-cure RBCs (Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable, Filtek One Bulk Fill, and incremental Filtek Z250) as controls. Specimens were prepared in two different depths (0.5 mm and 5 mm) and were light irradiated for 20 seconds or 40 seconds. Self-cure was also evaluated for the three dual-cure bulk-fill RBCs. Micro-Raman spectroscopic measurements and VHN tests (n=5) were made after 24 hours of dry storage in the dark at room temperature for all test conditions. Data were analyzed using one-way and two-way analyses of variance (α=0.05).
Results:
All tested RBCs showed significantly higher DC and VHN values at 0.5-mm depth than at 5-mm depth, with the exception of BulkEZ, which showed similar DC and VHN values at two depths. The three dual-cure bulk-fill RBCs showed significantly higher DC than the three light-cure RBCs under the same curing condition. The three dual-cure RBCs showed much smaller differences in VHN values between the two depths than the three light-cure RBCs. Twenty seconds and 40 seconds of light irradiation did not generate significant difference in DC and VHN values for the three dual-cure bulk-fill RBCs at either depth or for the three light-cure RBCs at the 0.5-mm depth; however, 40 seconds of light irradiation generated significantly higher DC and VHN values for One Bulk Fill and Z250 at the 5-mm depth compared with 20 seconds of light irradiation.
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47
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Clinical performance and chemical-physical properties of bulk fill composites resin -a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Mater 2019; 35:e249-e264. [PMID: 31421957 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of clinical and laboratory studies to compare the performance of bulk-fill and conventional composite resins in terms of polymerization shrinkage, polymerization stress, cusp deflection, marginal quality, degree of conversion, microhardness, flexural strength, fracture strength and clinical performance. DATA One hundred three articles were included in this study, and the Peto method was used to compare the bulk-fill and conventional composites using the RevMan software. SOURCES Searches were performed in the PubMed and Scopus databases. STUDY SELECTION Laboratory studies and randomized clinical trials comparing one of the previous detailed outcomes between bulk-fill and control composites were included. CONCLUSIONS The bulk-fill composite resins showed less shrinkage, polymerization stress, cusp deflection and microhardness than conventional composites, while both materials presented a similar marginal quality, flexural strength and fracture strength. Also, bulk-fill materials with regular viscosity showed similar shrinkage. The conversion of bulk-fill materials with flowable consistency were similar to conventional composite resins with a thickness of up to 2mm and greater than conventional composites with a thickness greater than 2mm. Despite these in vitro differences, the clinical performance of bulk-fill and conventional composite resins was similar in randomized clinical trials, with one to ten years of follow up. In conclusion, the bulk-fill materials show better or similar performance to the conventional materials in clinical trials and laboratory studies in terms of volumetric shrinkage, polymerization stress, cusps deflection and marginal quality, with the only exception being the lower level of microhardness observed for bulk-fill composites with thickness up to 2mm.
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Thongbai-On N, Chotvorrarak K, Banomyong D, Burrow MF, Osiri S, Pattaravisitsate N. Fracture resistance, gap and void formation in root-filled mandibular molars restored with bulk-fill resin composites and glass-ionomer cement base. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 10:e12435. [PMID: 31216128 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate fracture resistance and gap/void presence of root-filled mandibular molars restored with 2 bulk-fill and 1 conventional resin composites, with or without a glass-ionomer cement (GIC) base. METHODS Coronal access and mesio-occlusal (MO) cavities were prepared, then root canal treatment was performed on 30 mol/L. The teeth were randomly divided, according to the cavity volume, into 6 experimental groups (N = 5) and restored with conventional/light-cured (Ceram-X), bulk-fill/light-cured (SureFil SDR) or bulk-fill/dual-cured (Core-X Flow) with/without a 2-mm thick GIC base. Gaps and voids (%) were determined using microcomputed tomography. Intact teeth and unrestored teeth were used as negative and positive controls. Fracture load (N) was determined using a universal testing machine. RESULTS No significant difference in fracture resistance or gap/void formation was found among the 3 resin composites. GIC-base groups revealed significantly lower fracture strength than intact teeth, while fracture strengths of no GIC-base groups were not significantly different from intact teeth. GIC-base groups revealed significantly more gaps and voids in the area of the GIC than the resin composite. CONCLUSION Conventional and bulk-fill resin composites provided similar fracture resistance and gaps/voids in root-filled molars with MO cavities. Placing a GIC base decreased fracture resistance and increased gap/void formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanet Chotvorrarak
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Danuchit Banomyong
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sittichoke Osiri
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Lins R, Vinagre A, Alberto N, Domingues MF, Messias A, Martins LR, Nogueira R, Ramos JC. Polymerization Shrinkage Evaluation of Restorative Resin-Based Composites Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050859. [PMID: 31083498 PMCID: PMC6571745 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the linear polymerization shrinkage of different restorative resin-based composites (RBCs) using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. Five RBCs were evaluated: Zirconfill® (ZFL); Aura Bulk-Fill (ABF); Tetric® N-Ceram Bulk-Fill (TBF); FiltekTM Bulk-Fill (FBF); and Admira Fusion-Ormocer® (ADF). Ten samples per resin were produced in standardized custom-made half-gutter silicone molds. Two optical FBG sensors were used to assess temperature and polymerization shrinkage. Light curing was performed for 40 s and polymerization shrinkage was evaluated at 5, 10, 40, 60, 150, and 300 s. Statistical analysis was accomplished for normal distribution (Shapiro-Wilk, p > 0.05). Two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser correction followed by Bonferroni′s post-hoc test was used to analyze the linear shrinkage data (p < 0.05). ZFL showed the highest linear shrinkage and ADF the lowest. Shrinkage increased for all RBCs until 300 s, where significant differences were found between ADF and all other resins (p < 0.05). Among bulk-fill RBCs, TBF showed the lowest shrinkage value, but not statistically different from FBF. The ADF presented lower linear shrinkage than all other RBCs, and restorative bulk-fill composites exhibited an intermediate behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Lins
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Areião, Piracicaba⁻SP 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Alexandra Vinagre
- Institute of Operative Dentistry, Dentistry Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Blocos de Celas, 3700-075 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Nélia Alberto
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria F Domingues
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Messias
- Institute of Operative Dentistry, Dentistry Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Blocos de Celas, 3700-075 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Luís R Martins
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Areião, Piracicaba⁻SP 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Rogério Nogueira
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João C Ramos
- Institute of Operative Dentistry, Dentistry Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Blocos de Celas, 3700-075 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Instituto Português de Medicina Dentária, Rua José Luciano Castro, 141, Esgueira, 3800-207 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Rizzante FAP, Mondelli RFL, Furuse AY, Borges AFS, Mendonça G, Ishikiriama SK. Shrinkage stress and elastic modulus assessment of bulk-fill composites. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180132. [PMID: 30624465 PMCID: PMC6322642 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulk-fill composites were introduced in dentistry to accelerate clinical procedures while providing adequate outcomes. Concerns regarding the use of bigger composite increments rely on the polymerization shrinkage and shrinkage stress, which may generate gaps on the adhesive interface and result in a reduced success rate. Objective: To evaluate the polymerization shrinkage stress of different bulk-fill resin composites and their elastic modulus. Materials and Methods: Fourteen specimens were made for each of the nine different resin composites (seven with 12 mm3 and seven with 24 mm3): Surefill SDR flow (SDR), X-tra Base (XB), Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable (FBF), Filtek Z350XT Flow (Z3F); Tetric Evo Ceram Bulk Fill (TBF), X-tra Fil (XF), Filtek Bulk Fill (FBP), Admira Xtra Fusion (ADM) and Filtek Z350 XT (Z3XT). Linear shrinkage stress was evaluated for 300 s with the aid of a linear shrinkage device adapted to a Universal Testing Machine. For each composite group, seven additional specimens (2x2x25 mm) were made and Young's modulus was evaluated with a 3-point bending device adapted in a Universal Testing Machine with 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed and 50 KgF loading cell. Results: For 12 mm3 specimens, three-way ANOVA showed that only SDR and TBF generated lower stress after 20 s. Considering 300 s, TBF, SDR, and XF generated the lowest stress, followed by ADM, FBP, XB, and FBF, which were similar to Z3XT. Z3F generated the highest stress values for all time points. Considering 24 mm3 specimens after 20 s, all bulk fill composites generated lower stress than Z3XT, except XB. After 300 s, SDR, FBP, and ADM generated the lowest stress, followed by TBF and XF. For elastic modulus, one-way ANOVA showed that FBF, SDR, Z3F, and ADM presented the lowest values, followed by XB and TBF. FBP, Z3XT, and XF presented the highest elastic modulus among the evaluated composites. Conclusions: Bulk-fill resin composites presented equal to lower shrinkage stress generation when compared to conventional composites, especially when bigger increments were evaluated. Bulk-fill composites showed a wide range of elastic modulus values, but usually similar to “regular” composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Antonio Piola Rizzante
- Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Care, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rafael Francisco Lia Mondelli
- University of São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adilson Yoshio Furuse
- University of São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Sanches Borges
- University of São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Mendonça
- University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Department of Biologic and Material Sciences - Division of Prosthodontics, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sérgio Kiyoshi Ishikiriama
- University of São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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