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Nakamura N, Akiyama H, Nishimura M, Zhu K, Suzuki K, Higuchi M, Tanisawa K. Acute social jetlag augments morning blood pressure surge: a randomized crossover trial. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:2179-2191. [PMID: 37452155 PMCID: PMC10477072 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Although social jetlag (SJL) is generally considered a chronic condition, even acute SJL may have unfavorable effects on the cardiovascular system. We focused on the acute effects of SJL on morning blood pressure (BP) surge. This randomized crossover trial recruited 20 healthy men. In the SJL trial, participants delayed their bedtime by three hours on Friday and Saturday nights. Participants in the control (CON) trial implemented the same sleep-wake timing as on weekdays. Pre- and post-intervention measurements were performed to evaluate resting cardiovascular variables on Friday and Monday mornings, respectively. The ambulatory BP was automatically measured during the sleep and awake periods for 2 h after the participant woke up at night before pre- and post-intervention measurements. SJL (average mid-sleep time on weekends - average mid-sleep time on weekdays) occurred only in the SJL trial (SJL: 181 ± 24 min vs. CON: 8 ± 47 min). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and morning BP surge on Monday in the SJL trial were significantly higher than those on Friday in the SJL trial (cfPWV: P = 0.001, morning BP surge: P < 0.001), and those on Monday in the CON trial (cfPWV: P = 0.007; morning BP surge: P < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between ΔcfPWV and Δmorning BP surge (R = 0.587, P = 0.004). These results suggest that even acute SJL augments morning BP surge. This phenomenon may correspond to increased central arterial stiffness.State the details of Clinical Trials: Name: Effect of acute social jetlag on risk factors of lifestyle-related diseases. URL: https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000053204 . Unique identifier: UMIN000046639. Registration date: 17/01/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Nakamura
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akiyama
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mei Nishimura
- School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kejing Zhu
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Higuchi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
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Bansal C, Kuppusamy S, Gandhipuram Periyasamy SK, Kt H, Fredrick J, Subramanian SK. Parental History of Hypertension: A Risk for Autonomic Dysfunction and Metabolic and Vascular Derangement in Normotensive Male Offspring. Cureus 2023; 15:e44636. [PMID: 37799258 PMCID: PMC10548403 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children of hypertensive parents have an increased propensity of developing hypertension, at an age very much prior to their parents. Understanding the pathophysiology of hypertension in such young individuals, especially baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), is necessary. Reduced heart rate variability (HRV), insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, and decreased vasodilatory adipokines, namely, apelin and relaxin, in normotensives may predispose to the onset of hypertension. Thus, this study compared autonomic functions, vascular markers, and metabolic profiles between normotensive male offspring with and without parental hypertension. METHODS This analytical cross-sectional study comprised 40 male normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents, aged 18-35 years, recruited as the study group and 40 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched normotensive male offspring with non-hypertensive parents enrolled as controls. Cardiovascular autonomic functions, including BRS, HRV, diastolic blood pressure response to isometric handgrip test (ΔDBPIHG), Valsalva ratio, and metabolic and vascular markers, were assessed. RESULTS The study group exhibited reduced BRS, HRV, and Valsalva ratio and higher ΔDBPIHG compared to controls, indicating impaired autonomic functions. The study group had higher IR and triglyceride levels and reduced apelin and relaxin levels. BRS showed significant correlations with HRV, Valsalva ratio, ΔDBPIHG, and metabolic and vascular markers. CONCLUSIONS Normotensive male offspring of hypertensive parents exhibit impaired autonomic functions, as evidenced by reduced BRS, HRV, and Valsalva ratio. Additionally, they have higher IR, dyslipidemia, and decreased levels of vasodilatory adipokines, indicating an increased risk for future hypertension development. These findings signify that early identification of hypertensive potential in this high-risk population is warranted, which would enable taking necessary preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Bansal
- Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Saranya Kuppusamy
- Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
| | | | - Harichandrakumar Kt
- Biostatistics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Jean Fredrick
- Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, IND
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Chandrasekaran P, Kuppusamy S, Subramanian SK, Bharathi B, Bansal C, Fredrick J. Altered baroreflex sensitivity at rest and during Valsalva maneuver in healthy male offspring of hypertensive patients. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023; 30:73-81. [PMID: 36646925 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A family history of hypertension puts young adults at a higher risk of developing hypertension, that too, at an earlier age than their parents. Recent studies suggest that the baroreflex mechanism, which takes care of the short-term regulation of blood pressure (BP), also plays a role in the long-term regulation of BP. Studies have reported decreased baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in hypertensives. Reduced BRS is shown to herald the future occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and helps in risk stratification AIM: To assess BRS at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver among apparently healthy male offspring (age 18-35 years) of hypertensive patients. METHODS We recruited 37 participants whose parents (either/both) were hypertensive in the study group and whose parents (both) were not hypertensive in the control group. We measured basic anthropometric parameters (height, weight, waist circumference), cardiovascular parameters (heart rate and BP), short-term heart rate variability, and BRS (at rest and during Valsalva). RESULTS We found that BRS at rest and BRS during the Valsalva maneuver were reduced among healthy male offspring of hypertensive parents than in healthy male offspring of non-hypertensive parents. Further, HRV indices and Valsalva ratio showed a sympathovagal imbalance in the form of decreased vagal and increased sympathetic activity. CONCLUSION The reduced BRS and sympathovagal imbalance in male offspring of hypertensive parents reveal the early risk of developing hypertension in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saranya Kuppusamy
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
| | | | - Bhavithra Bharathi
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Charu Bansal
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Jean Fredrick
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
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Durocher JJ, Toorongian CA, Thivierge GS. An experiential learning course for cardiovascular and sleep technology. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2022; 46:544-548. [PMID: 36007941 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00173.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Undergraduate programs related to allied health are often pursued by students to prepare for entrance into professional programs, but many students also ask about what types of employment options they may have upon completion of the bachelor's degree. This experiential learning course in cardiovascular and sleep technology was designed to provide opportunities for students to gain hands-on clinical skills that could help them to enter professional programs or to find employment in an allied health field such as cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, cardiovascular technology, or sleep technology. The prerequisites for this course were the completion of two semesters of anatomy and physiology. This course was based on experiential learning and was structured into three modules: clinical exercise physiology, autonomic physiology, and sleep physiology. As part of the course students completed a 4-page scientific report for one designated topic within each of the modules. The two exams in the course were essay based. The design of this course required students to review key topics from anatomy and physiology, to comprehend peer-reviewed manuscripts, to gain hands-on experiences with sophisticated physiological equipment, to work as individuals and in groups, and to become better oral and written communicators. The sleep physiology module included an introduction to electroencephalography (EEG) and a student-led nap study, which may be an effective way to introduce students to sleep medicine. We are hopeful that the summary of this course will be useful to physiology educators as they work to provide the most meaningful experiences to their undergraduates in the health sciences.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Experiential learning in clinical exercise, autonomic regulation, and sleep physiology is an impactful way to train undergraduate biomedical students to enter a variety of careers in healthcare, graduate programs in the health professions, or traditional research graduate programs. A hands-on course such as Cardiovascular and Sleep Technology provides a way, in addition to or independent of original research, to provide clinically relevant training.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Durocher
- Integrative Human Health Program, Department of Biological Sciences and Integrative Physiology and Health Sciences Center, Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, Indiana
| | - Colleen A Toorongian
- Integrative Human Health Program, Department of Biological Sciences and Integrative Physiology and Health Sciences Center, Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, Indiana
| | - Grant S Thivierge
- Integrative Human Health Program, Department of Biological Sciences and Integrative Physiology and Health Sciences Center, Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, Indiana
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Bigalke JA, Greenlund IM, Nicevski JR, Tikkanen AL, Carter JR. Sympathetic neural reactivity to the Trier social stress test. J Physiol 2022; 600:3705-3724. [PMID: 35844138 PMCID: PMC9401978 DOI: 10.1113/jp283358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic responsiveness to laboratory mental stress is highly variable, making interpretations of its role in stress reactivity challenging. The present study assessed muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA, microneurography) responsiveness to the Trier social stress test (TSST), which employs an anticipatory stress phase, followed by a public speaking and mental arithmetic task. We hypothesized that sympathetic reactivity to the anticipatory phase would offer a more uniform response between individuals due to elimination of confounds (i.e. respiratory changes, muscle movement, etc.) observed during more common stress tasks. Participants included 26 healthy adults (11 men, 15 women, age: 25 ± 6 years, body mass index: 24 ± 3 kg/m2 ). Continuous heart rate (electrocardiogram) and beat-to-beat blood pressure (finger plethysmography) were recorded from all participants, while MSNA recordings were obtained in 20 participants. MSNA burst frequency was significantly reduced during anticipatory stress. During the speech, although burst frequency was unchanged, total MSNA was significantly increased. Changes in diastolic arterial pressure were predictive of changes in MSNA during anticipatory (β = -0.680, P = 0.001), but not the speech (P = 0.318) or mental maths (P = 0.051) phases. Lastly, sympathetic reactivity to anticipatory stress was predictive of subsequent reactivity to both speech (β = 0.740, P = 0.0002) and maths (β = 0.663, P = 0.001). In conclusion, anticipatory social stress may offer a more versatile means of assessing sympathetic reactivity to mental stress in the absence of confounds and appears to predict reactivity to subsequent mental stress paradigms. KEY POINTS: Cardiovascular reactivity to laboratory mental stress is predictive of future health outcomes. However, reactivity of the sympathetic nervous system to mental stress is highly variable. The current study assessed peripheral muscle sympathetic nerve activity in response to the Trier social stress test, a psychosocial stressor that includes anticipatory stress, public speaking and mental arithmetic. Our findings demonstrate that sympathetic neural activity is consistently reduced during anticipatory stress. Conversely, the classically observed inter-individual variability of sympathetic responsiveness was observed during speech and maths tasks. Additionally, sympathetic reactivity to the anticipatory period accurately predicted how an individual would respond to both speech and maths tasks, outlining the utility of anticipatory stress in future research surrounding stress reactivity. Utilization of the Trier social stress test in autonomic physiology may offer an alternative assessment of sympathetic responsiveness to stress with more consistent inter-individual responsiveness and may be a useful tool for further investigation of stress reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Bigalke
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana,Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Ian M. Greenlund
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana,Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Jennifer R. Nicevski
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Anne L. Tikkanen
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Jason R. Carter
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana,Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
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Huang CC, Lai YR, Lien CY, Cheng BC, Kung CT, Chiang YF, Lu CH. Effectiveness of Different Methods for Baroreflex Sensitivity Assessment in Determining the Severity of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:833344. [PMID: 35281506 PMCID: PMC8914509 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.833344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autonomic disorders are an important non-motor feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is often used as an indicator of cardiovascular autonomic function, and it is clinically significant. Several different methods of BRS assessment have been described. We evaluated and compared the efficiency of several methods of BRS assessment for additional insight into the underlying physiology and the determination of its severity in patients with PD. Materials and Methods Eighty-five patients with PD underwent cardiovascular autonomic testing. The Composite Autonomic Scoring Scale (CASS) was used to grade the severity of autonomic impairment and to define the presence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). BRS was assessed using the Valsalva maneuver (BRS_VM). In addition, spontaneous BRS was computed using the sequence method and the spectral method. Results and Conclusion There was considerable agreement between the different methods of BRS assessment. Nevertheless, BRS_VM exhibited a higher degree of correlation with cardiovascular autonomic function than spontaneous BRS indexes obtained by the sequence or spectral method. BRS_VM, rather than spontaneous BRS, also had a predictive value for the presence of CAN to the diagnostic criteria by CASS in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Lai
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yun-Ru Lai, ,
| | - Chia-Yi Lien
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ben-Chung Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Te Kung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Chiang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Xiamen Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Xiamen, China
- Cheng-Hsien Lu, ,
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Nakamura N, Muraoka I. Effects of Greater Central Arterial Stiffness on Cardiovagal Baroreflex Sensitivity in Resistance-Trained Men. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2021; 7:77. [PMID: 34698951 PMCID: PMC8548489 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Compared with age-matched untrained men, resistance-trained men who have undergone long duration training (> 2 years) at a high frequency (> 5 days/week) may be lower cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) because of central arterial stiffening. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of greater central arterial stiffness in resistance-trained men on cardiovagal BRS in a cross-sectional study to compare resistance-trained men with age-matched untrained men. Methods This cross-sectional study included resistance-trained men (n = 20; age: 22 ± 3; body mass index: 26.7 ± 2.2) and age-matched untrained men (control group: n = 20; age: 25 ± 2; body mass index: 23.7 ± 2.4). The β-stiffness index and arterial compliance were assessed at the right carotid artery using a combination of a brightness mode ultrasonography system for the carotid artery diameter and applanation tonometry for the carotid blood pressure. And, the cardiovagal BRS was estimated by the slope of the R–R interval and systolic blood pressure during Phase II and IV of Valsalva maneuver (VM). The participants maintained an expiratory mouth pressure of 40 mmHg for 15 s in the supine position. Results The β-Stiffness index was significantly higher in the resistance-trained group than in the control group (5.9 ± 1.4 vs. 4.4 ± 1.0 a.u., P < 0.01). In contrast, the resistance-trained group had significantly lower arterial compliance (0.15 ± 0.05 vs. 0.20 ± 0.04 mm2/mmHg, P < 0.01) and cardiovagal BRS during Phase IV of VM (9.0 ± 2.5 vs. 12.9 ± 5.4 ms/mmHg, P < 0.01) than the control group and. Moreover, cardiovagal BRS during Phase IV of VM was inversely and positively correlated with the β-stiffness index (r = − 0.59, P < 0.01) and arterial compliance (r = 0.64, P < 0.01), respectively. Conclusion Resistance-trained group had greater central arterial stiffness and lower cardiovagal BRS Phase IV compared with control group. Moreover, the central arterial stiffening was related to cardiovagal BRS Phase IV. These results suggest that greater central arterial stiffness in resistance-trained men may be associated with lower cardiovagal BRS. Trial Registration University hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) in Japan, UMIN000038116. Registered on September 27, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Nakamura
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan. .,Faculty of Commerce, Yokohama College of Commerce, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. .,Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Isao Muraoka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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Greenlund IM, Cunningham HA, Tikkanen AL, Bigalke JA, Smoot CA, Durocher JJ, Carter JR. Morning sympathetic activity after evening binge alcohol consumption. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H305-H315. [PMID: 33185112 PMCID: PMC7864252 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00743.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Binge alcohol consumption elicits acute and robust increases of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), yet the impact of evening binge drinking on morning-after MSNA is unknown. The present study examined the effects of evening binge alcohol consumption on polysomnographic sleep and morning-after MSNA. We hypothesized that evening binge drinking (i.e. 4-5 drink equivalent in <2 h) would reduce sleep quality and increase morning-after blood pressure (BP) and MSNA. Following a familiarization night within the sleep laboratory, 22 participants (12 men, 10 women; 25 ± 1 yr) were examined after simulated binge drinking or fluid control (randomized, crossover design). Morning MSNA was successfully recorded across both conditions in 16 participants (8 men, 8 women) during a 10-min baseline and three Valsalva's maneuvers (VM). Binge drinking reduced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (15 ± 1 vs. 20 ± 1%, P = 0.003), increased stage II sleep (54 ± 1 vs. 51 ± 1%, P = 0.002), and increased total urine output (2.9 ± 0.2 vs. 2.1 ± 0.1 liters, P < 0.001) but did not alter morning-after urine specific gravity. Binge drinking increased morning-after heart rate [65 (54-72) vs. 58 (51-67) beats/min, P = 0.013] but not resting BP or MSNA. Binge drinking elicited greater sympathoexcitation during VM (38 ± 3 vs. 43 ± 3 bursts/min, P = 0.036). Binge drinking augmented heart rate (P = 0.002), systolic BP (P = 0.022), and diastolic BP (P = 0.037) reactivity to VM phase IV and blunted cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity during VM phases II (P = 0.028) and IV (P = 0.043). In conclusion, evening binge alcohol consumption disrupted REM sleep and morning-after autonomic function. These findings provide new mechanistic insight into the potential role of binge drinking on cardiovascular risk.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronic binge alcohol consumption is associated with future cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in both men and women. In addition, binge alcohol consumption is known to disrupt normal sleep quality during the early morning hours, coinciding with the morning sympathetic surge. In the present study, an evening of binge alcohol consumption increased baseline morning heart rate and cardiovascular reactivity during the Valsalva maneuver (VM) strain. Specifically, muscle sympathetic nerve activity and phase IV hemodynamic responses increased during VM the morning after binge alcohol consumption. The autonomic dysfunction and increased cardiovascular reactivity during VM suggests a contributing mechanism to CVD risk present in individuals who binge drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Greenlund
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | - Hannah A Cunningham
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Anne L Tikkanen
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | - Jeremy A Bigalke
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | - Carl A Smoot
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - John J Durocher
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, Indiana
| | - Jason R Carter
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
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O'Brien MW, Johns JA, Dorey TW, Frayne RJ, Fowles JR, Mekary S, Kimmerly DS. Meeting international aerobic physical activity guidelines is associated with enhanced cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity in healthy older adults. Clin Auton Res 2019; 30:139-148. [PMID: 31606797 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-019-00641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (cvBRS) reflects the efficiency of modulating heart rate in response to changes in systolic blood pressure. International guidelines recommend that older adults achieve at least 150 min of moderate-vigorous physical activity per week. We tested the hypothesis that older adults who achieve these guidelines will exhibit greater cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity versus those who do not. METHODS A cross-sectional comparison of older adults who did (active, 66 ± 5 years, 251 ± 79 min/week; n = 19) and who did not (inactive, 68 ± 7 years, 89 ± 32 min/week; n = 17) meet the activity guidelines. Beat-by-beat R-R intervals (electrocardiography) and systolic blood pressure (finger photoplethysmography) were recorded. Spontaneous cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity was assessed using the sequence technique from 10 min of resting supine data. Cardiovagal baroreflex function was also measured during early phase II and phase IV of the Valsalva maneuver. Peak oxygen uptake was determined during maximal cycle ergometry. Moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity and time spent sedentary were assessed over 5 days using the PiezoRx and activPAL, respectively. RESULTS Groups had similar peak oxygen uptake (active 25 ± 9 vs. inactive 22 ± 6 ml/kg/min; p = 0.218) and sedentary time (active 529 ± 60 vs. inactive 568 ± 88 min/day; p = 0.130). However, the active group had greater (all, p < 0.019) cvBRS at rest (9.1 ± 2.7 vs. 5.0 ± 1.9 ms/mmHg), during phase II (8.2 ± 3.8 vs. 5.4 ± 2.1 ms/mmHg), and during phase IV (9.9 ± 3.8 vs. 5.6 ± 1.6 ms/mmHg). In the pooled sample, moderate-vigorous physical activity was positively correlated (all, p < 0.015) with spontaneous (R = 0.427), phase II (R = 0.447), and phase IV cvBRS (R = 0.629). CONCLUSIONS Independent of aerobic fitness and sedentary time, meeting activity guidelines was associated with superior cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles W O'Brien
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jarrett A Johns
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Tristan W Dorey
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Cardiac Science, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ryan J Frayne
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | - Said Mekary
- School of Kinesiology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Derek S Kimmerly
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Ely BR, Francisco MA, Halliwill JR, Bryan SD, Comrada LN, Larson EA, Brunt VE, Minson CT. Heat therapy reduces sympathetic activity and improves cardiovascular risk profile in women who are obese with polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R630-R640. [PMID: 31483156 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00078.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects up to 15% of women and is associated with increased risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease. Repeated passive heat exposure [termed "heat therapy" (HT)] is a lifestyle intervention with the potential to reduce cardiovascular risk in obesity and PCOS. Women with obesity (n = 18) with PCOS [age 27 ± 4 yr, body mass index (BMI) 41.3 ± 4.7 kg/m2] were matched for age and BMI, then assigned to HT (n = 9) or time control (CON; n = 9). HT subjects underwent 30 one-hour hot tub sessions over 8-10 wk, whereas CON subjects did not undergo HT. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), blood pressure, cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and markers of vascular function were assessed at the start (Pre) and end (Post) of 8-10 wk. These measures included carotid and femoral artery wall thickness and flow-mediated dilation (FMD), measured both before and after 20 min of ischemia-20 min of reperfusion (I/R) stress. HT subjects exhibited reduced MSNA burst frequency (Pre: 20 ± 8 bursts/min, Post: 13 ± 5 bursts/min, P = 0.012), systolic (Pre: 124 ± 5 mmHg, Post: 114 ± 6 mmHg; P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (Pre: 77 ± 6 mmHg, Post: 68 ± 3 mmHg; P < 0.001), C-reactive protein (Pre: 19.4 ± 13.7 nmol/L, Post: 15.2 ± 12.3 nmol/L; P = 0.018), total cholesterol (Pre: 5.4 ± 1.1 mmol/L, Post: 5.0 ± 0.8 mmol/L; P = 0.028), carotid wall thickness (Pre: 0.054 ± 0.005 cm, Post: 0.044 ± 0.005 cm; P = 0.010), and femoral wall thickness (Pre: 0.056 ± 0.009 cm, Post: 0.042 ± 0.005 cm; P = 0.003). FMD significantly improved in HT subjects over time following I/R (Pre: 5.6 ± 2.5%, Post: 9.5 ± 1.7%; P < 0.001). No parameters changed over time in CON, and BMI did not change in either group. These findings indicate that HT reduces sympathetic nerve activity, provides protection from I/R stress, and substantially improves cardiovascular risk profiles in women who are obese with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R Ely
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.,Department of Sport and Movement Science, Salem State University, Salem, Massachusetts
| | | | - John R Halliwill
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Samantha D Bryan
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Lindan N Comrada
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Emily A Larson
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Vienna E Brunt
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.,Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
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Carter JR, Grimaldi D, Fonkoue IT, Medalie L, Mokhlesi B, Cauter EV. Assessment of sympathetic neural activity in chronic insomnia: evidence for elevated cardiovascular risk. Sleep 2019. [PMID: 29522186 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Chronic insomnia affects up to 15 per cent of adults. Recent cross-sectional and prospective epidemiological studies report an association between insomnia and hypertension, including incident hypertension, yet mechanisms underlying the association remain unknown. We hypothesized that participants with chronic insomnia would have elevated sympathetic neural outflow, blunted baroreflex sensitivity, and augmented sympathetic neural and cardiovascular reactivity to stress when compared with good-sleeper controls. Methods Twelve participants with chronic insomnia (11 women, 1 man) and 12 controls (8 women, 4 men) underwent one night of laboratory polysomnography, two weeks of at-home wrist actigraphy, and one night of controlled laboratory sleep prior to a comprehensive morning autonomic function test. The autonomic function test consisted of simultaneous recordings of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; microneurography), beat-to-beat blood pressure (finger plethysmography), and heart rate (electrocardiogram) during a 10 min supine baseline and a 2 min cold pressor test. Results Baseline blood pressure, heart rate, and MSNA were not different between groups, but sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity was significantly blunted in participants with insomnia (-2.1 ± 1.0 vs. -4.3 ± 1.3 bursts/100 heartbeats/mm Hg; p < 0.001). During the cold pressor test, systolic arterial pressure reactivity (Δ21 ± 11 vs. Δ14 ± 8 mm Hg; time × group = 0.04) and total MSNA reactivity (Δ127%, 54%-208% vs. Δ52%, 30%-81%; time × group = 0.02) were augmented in chronic insomnia. Conclusions Participants with chronic insomnia demonstrated impaired sympathetic baroreflex function and augmented neural cardiovascular responsiveness to stress, when compared with controls. These findings support growing evidence of cardiovascular risk and physiological hyperarousal in chronic insomnia. Clinical Trial Registration NCT02048878. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02048878.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Carter
- Sleep, Metabolism and Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI
| | - Daniela Grimaldi
- Sleep, Metabolism and Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Department of Neurology, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Ida T Fonkoue
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI
| | - Lisa Medalie
- Sleep, Metabolism and Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Sleep Disorders Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Babak Mokhlesi
- Sleep, Metabolism and Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Sleep Disorders Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Eve Van Cauter
- Sleep, Metabolism and Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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12
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Carter JR. Microneurography and sympathetic nerve activity: a decade-by-decade journey across 50 years. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:1183-1194. [PMID: 30673363 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00570.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The technique of microneurography has advanced the field of neuroscience for the past 50 years. While there have been a number of reviews on microneurography, this paper takes an objective approach to exploring the impact of microneurography studies. Briefly, Web of Science (Thomson Reuters) was used to identify the highest citation articles over the past 50 years, and key findings are presented in a decade-by-decade highlight. This includes the establishment of microneurography in the 1960s, the acceleration of the technique by Gunnar Wallin in the 1970s, the international collaborations of the 1980s and 1990s, and finally the highest impact studies from 2000 to present. This journey through 50 years of microneurographic research related to peripheral sympathetic nerve activity includes a historical context for several of the laboratory interventions commonly used today (e.g., cold pressor test, mental stress, lower body negative pressure, isometric handgrip, etc.) and how these interventions and experimental approaches have advanced our knowledge of cardiovascular, cardiometabolic, and other human diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Carter
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, Michigan
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13
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Fonkoue IT, Schwartz CE, Wang M, Carter JR. Sympathetic neural reactivity to mental stress differs in black and non-Hispanic white adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 124:201-207. [PMID: 28970198 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00134.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Black adults have a higher risk of hypertension compared with non-Hispanic white (NHW) adults, but physiological mechanisms underlying this predisposition remain unclear. This study compared muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) responses to mental stress in a group of young black and NHW participants. We hypothesized that the sympathoexcitation associated with mental stress would be greater in black adults compared with NHW participants. Thirty-five male adults (19 black, 23 ± 1 yr; 16 NHW, 22 ± 1 yr) were examined during 5-min supine baseline and 5 min of mental stress (via mental arithmetic). Baseline mean arterial pressure (80 ± 2 vs. 82 ± 1 mmHg), heart rate (61 ± 4 vs. 61 ± 2 beats/min), MSNA (13 ± 1 vs. 15 ± 2 bursts/min), and sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity (-1.1 ± 0.4 vs. -1.5 ± 0.3 bursts·100 heart beats-1·mmHg-1) were not significantly different between NHW and black adults ( P > 0.05), respectively. MSNA reactivity to mental stress was significantly higher in NHW compared with black adults (time × race, P = 0.006), with a particularly divergent responsiveness during the first minute of mental stress in NHW (Δ4 ± 1 burst/min) and black (Δ-2 ± 2 burst/min; P = 0.022) men. Blood pressure and heart rate reactivity to mental stress were similar between groups. In summary, black participants demonstrated a lower MSNA responsiveness to mental stress compared with NHW adults. These findings suggest that, despite a higher prevalence of hypertension, black subjects do not appear to have higher neural and cardiovascular responsiveness to mental stress compared with NHW. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Black men have a blunted muscle sympathetic nerve activity response to mental stress compared with non-Hispanic white (NHW) men, especially at the onset of mental stress when muscle sympathetic nerve activity decreased in blacks and increased in NHW men. Thus, despite a high prevalence of hypertension in blacks, normotensive NHW men display a greater peripheral sympathetic neural reactivity to mental stress than black men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Min Wang
- 1 Michigan Technological University
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14
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Optimal Testing Intervals in the Squatting Test to Determine Baroreflex Sensitivity. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-015-9479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Taylor CE, Willie CK, Ainslie PN, Tzeng YC. Assessment of human baroreflex function using carotid ultrasonography: what have we learnt? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 211:297-313. [PMID: 24739079 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The arterial baroreflex is critical to both short- and long-term regulation of blood pressure. However, human baroreflex research has been largely limited to the association between blood pressure and cardiac period (or heart rate) or indices of vascular sympathetic function. Over the past decade, emerging techniques based on carotid ultrasound imaging have allowed new means of understanding and measuring the baroreflex. In this review, we describe the assessment of the mechanical and neural components of the baroreflex through the use of carotid ultrasound imaging. The mechanical component refers to the change in carotid artery diameter in response to changes in arterial pressure, and the neural component refers to the change in R-R interval (cardiac baroreflex) or muscle sympathetic nerve activity (sympathetic baroreflex) in response to this barosensory vessel stretch. The key analytical concepts and techniques are discussed, with a focus on the assessment of baroreflex sensitivity via the modified Oxford method. We illustrate how the application of carotid ultrasound imaging has contributed to a greater understanding of baroreflex physiology in humans, covering topics such as ageing and diurnal variation, and physiological challenges including exercise, postural changes and mental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. E. Taylor
- School of Science and Health; University of Western Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - C. K. Willie
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences; Centre for Heart Lung and Vascular Health; University of British Columbia Okanagan; Kelowna BC Canada
| | - P. N. Ainslie
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences; Centre for Heart Lung and Vascular Health; University of British Columbia Okanagan; Kelowna BC Canada
| | - Y.-C. Tzeng
- Cardiovascular Systems Laboratory; Centre for Translational Physiology; University of Otago; Wellington New Zealand
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